U6 Period 1 Understanding -【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第二册同步导学案配套PPT课件（外研版）

选择性必修 第二册 Unit 6　Survival 1 (主题语境：人与自然——生存) 【单元知识目标】 重点单词 crime；suburb；greedy；thief；commit；urban；garbage；lamb；garlic；estimate；appreciate；crucial；restrict；hiker；kit；optimistic；clay；cave；fuel；consumption；react；monthly；nuclear；orbit；agency；consist；infer；expose；astronaut；dust；capsule；exposure；trunk 2 重点短语 in one’s way；have no choice but to do；out of reach；under construction；fit in with；get a taste for；crash into；amount to；break out；cope with；bring...under control；get rid of；consist of；wipe out；in the meantime 单元语法 “no matter＋特殊疑问词”和“特殊疑问词＋-ever”引导的让步状语从句 单元写作 历险类记叙文 3 【单元话题词汇】 4 Period 1　Understanding ideas—Reading comprehension 5 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 课时作业 巩固提升 必备知识 自主学习 6 必备知识 自主学习 7 Part 1　教材原文助读 The Wild Within The crime① took place in a seaside② suburb③ of Cape Town. Spotting the car with its window left open， the greedy④ thief⑤ didn’t hesitate⑥. Within seconds，he had reached inside and run away with a bag of shopping. No matter how many crimes he committed， the police were powerless to⑧ arrest him⑨. You 8 see， this was no ordinary criminal： it was a chacma baboon. Once almost unheard of， scenes like this one in Cape Town are now common all over the world. With foxes in London， mountain lions in San Francisco and wild pigs in Hong Kong，it is almost as if our cities are being taken over by wild animals.  现在分词短语作时间状语；with...left open为with复合结构作后置定语，修饰the car。 “no matter＋疑问词”在此引导让步状语从句，意为“无论……，不管……”。 once引导的时间状语从句的省略。 as if引导的表语从句，are being taken over为现在进行时的被动语态。 ①crime/kraIm/n.[C]罪，罪行 criminal adj.犯罪的；刑事的 n.[C]罪犯 ②seaside/ˈsiːsaId/adj.海滨的，海边的 n.[sing.]海边，海滨 ③suburb/ˈsʌbɜːb/n.[C]郊区，城郊 ④greedy/ˈɡriːdi/adj.贪婪的，贪心的 ⑤thief/θiːf/n.[C]贼，小偷 theft n.[U，C]偷窃 11 ⑥hesitate vi.犹豫 ⑦commit/kəˈmIt/(committed， committed)vt.犯(错误或罪行) commit a crime 犯罪 ⑧be powerless to do sth.无力做某事 [构词法]否定后缀-less意为“无，没有”，常跟在名词后构成形容词。常见的还有fearless(adj.无畏的)，sleepless(adj.不眠的；失眠)。 ⑨arrest sb.( for...) (因……)逮捕某人 ⑩unheard of 前所未闻的 城中的野生动物 这起犯罪活动发生在开普敦的一个海滨郊区。贪婪的窃贼在发现有辆车的车窗未关后，毫不犹豫就行动了。几秒钟内，他就把手伸进车里，抓起一袋东西逃之夭夭了。不管他犯下多少罪行，警察都无法逮捕他。要知道，这不是普通的罪犯：它是一只大狒狒。以前，在开普敦发生这样的事几乎是闻所未闻的，但现在这种事在世界各地都稀松平常了。伦敦出现了狐狸，旧金山出现了美洲狮，香港出现了野猪，这几乎就像野生动物正在接管我们的城市似的。 13 People often wonder about the reasons behind this mass urban migration. Most of us would assume⑪ that urban⑫ development and climate change are responsible for pushing the animals out of⑬ their natural habitats. However true this is，we also need to consider that some of these so-called “urban animals” have never moved at all—it’s we humans who have moved into their territory⑭. Wherever they go， animals find towns and cities in their way⑮.With nowhere else to make their homes， they have no choice but to⑯ move in with us.  14 强调句型，强调主语we humans。 with复合结构，其中不定式短语“to make their homes”作宾语补足语。 15 ⑪assume vt.假定，假设，认为 assumption n.[C]假定，假设 ⑫urban/ˈɜːbən/adj.城 市的，城镇的 ⑬push...out of...驱逐……离开…… ⑭territory n.[C，U](个人、群体、动物等占据的)领域，管区，地盘 ⑮in one’s/the way 妨碍，挡着……的路 ⑯have no choice but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事 16 人们常常想知道这种大规模城市移民背后的原因。我们中的大多数人会认为，城市发展和气候变化导致这些动物离开它们的自然栖息地。无论事实如何，我们还需要考虑到，这些所谓的“城市动物”中，有一些从来没有迁徙过——是我们人类搬进了它们的领地。无论动物走到哪里，总有城镇挡住去路。已经没有别处可以安家，它们别无选择，只能搬进来和我们一起生活。 17 Yet，for its newest and wildest inhabitants，a city can offer many benefits. As our cities become greener，they offer increasingly appealing⑰ spaces to animals looking for new habitats. Out of reach⑱ from many of their natural predators⑲，these newcomers⑳ often flourish㉑ in their new city lives. Today，foxes can be seen all over London—one even being found living on the 72nd floor of the Shard building when it was under construction㉒! What’s more ，hungry animals are finding plenty to eat in our gardens and in the leftovers㉓ we throw away.  18 插入语。 动词不定式作后置定语，修饰plenty。 省略了关系词that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词leftovers。 19 ⑰increasingly appealing 越来越有吸引力的 increasingly adv.不断增加地 ⑱out of reach/beyond the reach够不到 within (easy) reach (of sth.)很接近，靠近 ⑲predator/ˈpredətə/n.[C]捕食性动物，掠食动物 ⑳newcomer/ˈnjuːkʌmə/n.[C]新来者 ㉑flourish/ˈflʌrIʃ/vi.生长茂盛；繁荣，兴盛 ㉒under construction 在建设之中 [拓展]“under＋n.”常表示所处的状态，意为“在……中”。类似的短语还有under consideration 在考虑中，under discussion 在讨论中，under repair在修理中。 ㉓leftover n.残羹剩饭，吃剩的食物 20 然而，对于它的最新的、最狂野的居民来说，城市可以提供许多好处。随着我们的城市绿化率不断提高，它们越来越吸引寻找新栖息地的动物。这些新来者远离众多自然界天敌，通常在新的城市生活中茁壮成长。现在，伦敦到处都可以看到狐狸——人们甚至发现一只狐狸住在当时在建的夏德大厦72层!此外，饥饿的动物在我们的花园和我们扔掉的食物里能够找到充足的食物。 21 One thing crucial to the increasing number of “urban animals” is their ability to adapt. There is evidence that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins ，as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems㉔ such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers㉕ which they would not find in the wild . Some animals have even changed their living habits to fit in with㉖ their new homes.Although naturally active at night，urban foxes come out in daylight if the reward is good enough. Their city location also means that they are getting a taste for㉗ the multicultural cuisine㉘ on offer㉙ from the garbage㉚，such as hamburgers， lamb㉛ kebabs and even garlic㉜ bread!  22 that引导的同位语从句，解释说明evidence。 as引导的原因状语从句，其中包含一个which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词other containers。 23 ㉔figure out difficult problems解决难题 ㉕container/kənˈteInə/n.[C]容器 ㉖fit in with...适应……；与……合得来 ㉗get a taste for 尝一尝…… ㉘multicultural cuisine多元文化的菜肴 ㉙on offer提供的，可买到，可使用 [拓展]on构成的其他惯用短语： on strike 罢工，on leave 休假 ㉚garbage/ˈɡɑːbIdʒ/n.[U]垃圾 ㉛lamb/læm/n.[U]羔羊肉 ㉜garlic/ˈɡɑːlIk/n.[U](大)蒜 24 “城市动物”数量不断增加的一个关键因素是它们的适应能力。有证据显示，城市里的浣熊比它们的野生近亲更加聪明，因为前者经常需要解决难题，比如如何打开垃圾桶或者其他它们在野外不会见到的容器。一些动物甚至改变了它们的生活习性以适应它们的新家。狐狸虽然天生昼伏夜出，但如果回报足够丰厚，城市狐狸也会在白天出没。它们居住在城市也意味着它们从垃圾里品尝着多元文化的菜肴，比如汉堡包、烤羊肉串甚至香蒜面包! 25 For those animals that don’t adapt，the city can be a dangerous or even deadly place. Unable to distinguish between blue sky and㉝ glass ， birds crash into㉞ windows at speeds of about 50 kilometres per hour. Recent studies estimate㉟ that between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts㊱ each year in the US alone㊲. Shockingly，these deaths amount to㊳ around ten per cent of the total US bird population. Some species are more affected than others.One theory behind this is that these birds have yet to change their migratory routes㊴ that take them through cities with high-rise buildings㊵.  26 形容词短语作状语。 本句为主从复合句。第一个that引导表语从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词their migratory routes。 27 ㉝distinguish between A and B/distinguish A from B　区分A和B ㉞crash into...撞击…… crash vt.& vi.碰撞，撞击 ㉟estimate/ˈestImeIt/vt.估计，估算 ㊱impact 熟词生义 n.[C，U]撞击，冲撞 ㊲alone 熟词生义 adv.仅仅，只 ㊳amount to...总计…… ㊴migratory route迁徙路线 migratory/maIˈɡreIt(ə)ri/adj.迁徙的 [词链]migrate(vi.迁徙；移居)→migration(n.迁移，迁徙)→migratory(adj.) ㊵high-rise building 高层建筑 28 对于那些不适应的动物来说，城市可能是一个危险甚至致命的地方。由于无法区分蓝天和玻璃，(有的)鸟儿会以每小时50千米的速度撞向窗户。最近的研究估计，仅在美国，每年就有4亿至10亿只鸟死于撞击窗户。令人震惊的是，这一死亡数量约占美国鸟类总数的10%。有些种类的鸟受到的影响更大。这种现象背后的一种理论是，这些鸟类尚未改变它们的迁徙路线，其路线须穿过高楼林立的城市。 29 However they adapt to our ways of urban living， it’s important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate㊶ our wild neighbours. Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats. Whatever the reasons behind these species entering our cities ， one thing is for sure—as it’s often a means of their survival， they could be with us to stay.  30 在“it’s important/necessary＋that从句”句型中，that从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语为“(should＋)动词原形”。 only then位于句首引起部分倒装。 whatever引导的让步状语从句的省略，补充完整为Whatever the reasons behind these species entering our cities are。 ㊶appreciate/əˈpriːʃieIt/vt.欣赏；赏识；重视 31 不管动物们如何适应我们的城市生活方式，重要的是，我们要更好地了解甚至学会欣赏我们的野生邻居。只有到那时，我们才能期许(与它们)和谐共享我们的城市栖息地。无论这些物种进入我们的城市的原因是什么，有一点是肯定的——既然它们这么做通常是为了生存，那么它们就可以留下来和我们一起生活。 Part 2　语篇研析 1.Match the main ideas with paragraphs. ①Para.1　 a.Wild animals are adapting to living in cities. ②Para.2-5 b.The importance of understanding wild animals. ③Para.6 c.Some scenes about wild animals taking over our cities. 答案：①—c　②—b　③—a 33 2.What’s the main idea of the text? A.Wild animals are adapting to living in cities. B.Our cities are being taken over by wild animals. C.We are getting a better understanding of our wild neighbours. D.Urban development and climate change are responsible for animals. 答案：B 34 1.Why does the author talk about the “theft” in Cape Town in paragraph 1? A.To introduce the topic of the text. B.To show us how animals live in the city. C.To give us some dangerous warnings. D.To call on us to take care of wild animals. 答案：A 35 2.What’s paragraph 3 mainly about? A.Animals’ flourishing in cities. B.Benefits of cities for wild animals. C.A great amount of food wasted by humans. D.The relationship between animals and humans. 答案：B 36 3.What does the author mean by saying “urban foxes come out in daylight”? A.They have no choice but to do so. B.They are no longer afraid of humans. C.They are more intelligent than wild foxes. D.They have changed their living habits. 答案：D 37 4.What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text? A.To call on us not to build too tall buildings in the urban areas. B.To encourage us to have a better understanding of our wild neighbours. C.To advise us to better protect our wild neighbours in cities. D.To show us the sad stories of wild animals in cities. 答案：B 38 1.Today，foxes can be seen all over London—one even being found living on the 72nd floor of the Shard building when it was under construction! [句式分析]　句中“one even being found...under construction”为_________________，其中“being found living...under construction”包含“find＋宾语＋______________”结构，when 引导___________从句。 [翻译]　_________________________________________________ ___________________________________ 独立主格结构 宾语补足语 时间状语 现在，伦敦到处都可以看到狐狸——人们甚至发现一只狐狸住在当时在建的夏德大厦72层! 2.There is evidence that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins， as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which they would not find in the wild. [句式分析]　本句主干为there be句型。that引导_________从句， 用来解释说明evidence的内容，在此从句中as引导___________从 句，which引导__________从句，修饰先行词other containers。 同位语 原因状语 定语 [翻译]　_________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 有证据显示，城市里的浣熊比它们的野生近亲更加聪明，因为前者经常需要解决难题，比如如何打开垃圾桶或者其他它们在野外找不到的容器。 Animals are reported 1. ___________ (frequent) to appear in cities， like London， San Francisco and Hong Kong. It seems as if our cities are being taken over by wild animals. 2. ___________ is generally believed that urban 3. ____________ (develop) and climate change are responsible for animals’ entering our cities. However， we must consider that it is we human beings that have moved into animals’ territory. frequently It development It is an obvious fact 4. ___________ our cities appeal to wild animals very much. For one thing， they are quite out of reach from their natural predators and are able to live more safely. For another， they can find food more easily from the leftovers 5. ___________ (throw) away by human beings. Some wild animals are so 6. ___________ (intelligence) that they can figure out very difficult problems. Some wild animals even have changed their living habits 7. ___________ (fit) in with their new homes. Besides， with more high-rises 8. ___________ (show) up in the city， lots of birds get killed by crashing 9. ___________ the glass windows. Some even have to change their migratory routes due to the high buildings.  that thrown intelligent to fit showing into As many animals have got used to living in cities，we human beings ought to learn to appreciate our new 10. ___________ (neighbour). Only in this way can we live in peace with the animals. neighbours 课时作业 巩固提升 阅读理解 A In his new book The Journeys of Trees， science writer Zach St. George explores an extremely slow migration， as forests move inch by inch to more hospitable (适宜的) places. As old trees die and new ones grow up， the forest is—ever so slightly—moving， he writes，“Through the fossils that ancient forests left behind， scientists can track their movement. They move back and forth across continents， like migrating birds or whales.” This has happened over thousands of years， and climate change tends to be the driving force pushing and pulling forests around the globe. Of course， today， climate change is speeding up， and trees can’t keep pace. Take California as an example.It’s getting hotter and drier and scientists estimate that before too long， Joshua Tree National Park may not be able to sustain Joshua trees. St. George describes a similar threat to Sequoia National Park， during California’s long and severe drought a few years back. Scientists worried that maybe Sequoia National Park would no longer be the place for giant sequoias (红杉). St. George thinks at some point we will lose these ancient trees and we will have to think about what we do with the places. Do we plant new ones somewhere else? This is known as “assisted migration”—humans plant trees in other places where they’re more likely to grow well. But this process carries risks—people can accidentally introduce insects and diseases to new places， where they may wipe out entire native populations. So， St. George writes， there’s a debate among conservationists and foresters today： Should humans help the trees escape? “I think there are going to be instances where people are probably going to step in and help species move to places where they’ll be more suitable in the future，” St. George says. “And I met a lot of people in the process who have felt sorry about what has been lost and what will be lost and are still continuing to try， do good and work towards a better future.” 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。科学作家Zach St. George 在他的新书中描述到森林正在一点一点地向更适宜它们生长的地方迁移。 1.What does the underlined word “They” in paragraph 1 refer to? A.Animals.　　　　　　 B.Fossils. C.Scientists. D.Forests. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 代词指代题。根据画线词前的“As old trees die and new ones grow up...scientists can track their movement.”和画线词所在句“They move back and forth across continents， like migrating birds or whales.”可知，森林正在移动，科学家通过远古森林留下的化石可以追踪森林的移动，由此可知，“They”指代上文提到的森林。 2 3 1 4 2.Why is Sequoia National Park mentioned? A.To confirm the problem of the loss of tree species is serious. B.To argue that humans should be responsible for the loss of trees. C.To explain that climate change results in the migration of forests. D.To prove forests can slow down the process of climate change. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“This has happened...pushing and pulling forests around the globe.”可知，气候变化通常是森林迁移的推动力。结合“Take California as an example.”可推知，文章提到美洲杉国家公园是为了解释气候变化导致森林迁移。 2 3 1 4 3.What can be inferred about assisted migration? A.It can prevent the trees escaping. B.It can promote biological diversity. C.It may help to protect the forests. D.It may affect species in new places. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This is known as‘assisted migration’...where they may wipe out entire native populations.”可推知，协助迁移可能会影响到新地方的物种。 2 3 1 4 4.What is St. George’s attitude to assisted migration? A.Supportive. B.Doubtful. C.Ambiguous. D.Intolerant. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 观点态度题。根据第三段中的“So， St. George writes， there’s a debate among conservationists and foresters today：Should humans help the trees escape?”和最后一段中的“I think there are going...where they’ll be more suitable in the future”“And I met a lot of people in the process...work towards a better future.”可知，St. George对协助迁移是支持的。 2 3 1 4 B We all love animals， but animals don’t feel the same way about us.When we enter their wild world， we are “unnatural” invaders into their homes. There was a video many of you may have seen on the Internet recently of a bear and its cub (崽) climbing up a steep， snow-covered hill in Russia. The mama bear makes it to the top without too much trouble， but the baby bear keeps sliding back down. It takes three attempts to reach the top and there is no doubt that many cheered at the cub’s never-give-up spirit. But nature scientists who saw the video didn’t cheer. Instead， the scientists were upset that the two bears had been frightened into making a dangerous unnecessary climb by the drone (嗡嗡声) that was filming them. Sophie Gilbert of the University of Idaho said，“It showed a complete lack of understanding from the drone operator of the effects his actions were having on the bears.” Other scientists have found that when a drone is hovering near， a bear’s heart rate can increase from 41 beats per minute to 162 beats per minute—a high enough rate to cause a heart attack. Human disturbance has actually been having a far-reaching influence on wildlife. Researchers at the University of California，Berkeley recently found that many mammals are turning into “night owls” again to avoid contact with humans. Such a shift might not only affect those species themselves， but also have numerous chain effects. We human beings find ourselves in a strange position in nature. We are part of it but also separate from it， now more than ever， since most of us live in cities. So， when we go hiking in wild areas to “reconnect” with nature， we should go softly and considerately. It’s OK to get close to our animal friends， just not too close—we wouldn’t want to scare them， would we? 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。我们许多人住在城市里，与大自然分开，当我们去野外与大自然重新接触时，一定要注意我们与动物之间的距离。 5 6 7 8 5.What does the video feature? A.The baby bear’s climbing. B.The mama bear’s care. C.The dangerous environment. D.The experiment done by scientists. 答案：A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，视频拍摄的是幼熊爬山。 6.Why didn’t nature scientists cheer? A.They knew the bear’s family well. B.They were against other scientists. C.They knew the cause of the bears’ climbing. D.They lacked understanding of the drone operator. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，自然科学家们并不欢呼是因为他们知道熊攀爬的真正原因是害怕。 5 6 7 8 7.What may be the effect of human disturbance on wildlife? A.Food shortage. B.Changing habitats. C.Ecological imbalance. D.More contact with humans. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第四段第二、三句可推知，人类对野生动物的干扰可能导致生态失衡。 5 6 7 8 8.What does the author seem to agree with? A.Losing connection with nature. B.Tightening the bond with wild animals. C.Respecting the human-animal distance. D.Shooting more videos on animals for study. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 $$