Unit 4 Period 2 Learning About Language（Word教参）-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版）

本讲义聚焦英语短语学习这一核心知识点，系统梳理名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词五类短语的定义、构成及句法功能，通过教材例句搭建从理论到实例的学习支架，帮助学生构建完整的短语知识体系。 该资料以教材语境为依托，通过表格归纳短语构成规律，结合练习题与写作应用强化语言能力，培养学生分析和运用短语的思维品质。课中辅助教师高效授课，课后助力学生通过实例巩固知识，查漏补缺，提升自主学习能力。

Period 2　Learning About Language 复习短语 英语中的短语是有一定意义但不构成独立从句或句子的一组词。从形式角度划分， 英语的短语可分为名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语和介词短语等。 一、名词短语(NP) (1)(教材P38)My secondary school is a bush school.　我所在的中学是一所丛林学校。 (2)(教材P38)Unlike students in our country, these boys do not wear cotton uniforms. 与我们国家的学生不同，这些男孩不穿棉质校服。 (3)(教材P38)Tombe's father, Mukap, a man with a strong jaw and a wrinkled forehead, led us to his house.　汤贝的父亲穆卡普是一位下巴结实、额头满是皱纹的男人，他带领我们来到他的房子。 1．名词短语是指以一个名词为中心构成的短语，在句中相当于名词，一般用作主语、宾语、表语、同位语或宾语补足语。 2．名词短语的构成：(限定词＋)(形容词/形容词短语/描述性名词＋)名词(＋介词短语)。 3．名词短语中的限定词常常包括冠词(a/an/the)、指示代词(this、that、these、those等)、物主代词(my、your、his、her、our、their等)和不定代词(some、no、neither、both等)。 二、动词短语(VP) (1)(教材P38) I'm still trying to adapt to these conditions. 我还在努力适应这些条件。 (2)(教材P38) We shook hands with all the villagers. 我们和所有的村民握手。 (3)More healthy food, or you'll break down sooner or later. 多吃健康食品，不然你的身体迟早会垮掉。 (4)I can't put up with their smoking in the office any longer. 我再也不能容忍他们在办公室里吸烟了。 动词短语是指以一个动词为中心构成的短语，在句中相当于动词。 构　成 例　词 动词＋副词 put away收起来 look back回顾 break down出故障 turn up出现 get over克服 动词＋介词 bring about引起 look into调查 insist on坚持 动词＋副词＋介词 add up to总计 keep away from远离；避开 look down on轻视 keep up with赶上 动词＋名词＋介词 catch sight of看见，瞥见 make use of利用 pay attention to注意 make sense of理解 三、形容词短语(AdjP) (1)(教材P38) It was so nice to get some sweets and jam from home. 真高兴能收到家里寄来的一些糖果和果酱。 (2)(教材P38)Science is my most challenging subject as my students have no concept of doing experiments. 科学课对我来说是最具挑战性的科目，因为我的学生们没有做实验这一概念。 (3)I hope you will be kind enough to consider my application favorably. 我恳请您能考虑我的申请。 (4)I'm not sure of the exact number of the audience, but roughly speaking, I would say there are 1，500 or so. 我不知道观众的确切人数，但粗略地说，有1 500人左右。 形容词短语是指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中相当于形容词可以作定语，可修饰名词或代词，还可以作表语或宾语补足语，也可以作状语。 构　成 例　词 两个或多个形容词可以由and、but等并列连词连接，构成形容词短语 large and beautiful 又大又漂亮 difficult but rewarding 困难但有意义 very等程度副词作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语 very hot很热 long enough足够长 介词及其宾语可用在形容词后作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语 sure of success 确信会成功 full of water 装满了水 动词不定式可用在形容词后作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语 sure to come 一定会来的 四、副词短语(AdvP) (1)(教材P39)Luckily, Tombe interpreted for us. 幸好有汤贝为我们解说。 (2)(教材P39)Later, I noticed a can standing upside down on the grill over the fire. 后来，我注意到炉火上方的烤架上倒放着一个罐子。 (3)She had to work deep into the night, otherwise she couldn't have spread the messages to all the relevant people successfully. 她不得不工作到深夜，否则，她就不能成功地把信息传播给所有相关的人。 (4)Most importantly, the wide use of the computer has brought us more convenience in our lives.　最重要的是，电脑的广泛应用已给我们的生活带来巨大的便利。 副词短语是指以一个副词为中心构成的短语，在句中相当于副词，可以修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。 构　成 例　词 两个或多个副词可以由and、but等并列连词连接，构成副词短语 again and again 一遍又一遍 tiredly but happily疲惫但是高兴地 very、extremely、 clearly等程度副词作修饰语，可与其他副词构成副词短语 most importantly最重要的是 extremely fast 快极了 其他类型的副词短语 deep into the night 在深夜 五、介词短语(PrepP) (1)(教材P38) It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty track covered in weeds.　沿着杂草丛生、尘土飞扬的小路，我几分钟就能走到学校。 (2)(教材P39)There was a fireplace in the centre of the hut.　屋子中央有个火炉。 (3)The thief tried to sneak from behind the building, but the security guard spotted him just in time.　小偷试图从建筑物后面偷偷溜走，但保安及时发现了他。 (4)The old man stood there, with his back against the wall.　那位老人背倚着墙站在那里。 介词短语是指介词加上其宾语成分构成的短语。介词短语在句中作表语、定语或状语。 构　成 例　词 介词＋名词 at the door在门口 into the bag到包里 介词＋代词 for me为我 of others属于其他人的 介词＋介词短语 from across the street从街对面 until after dinner直到晚饭后 介词＋副词 from below从下方 介词＋复合结构 with the light on开着灯 Ⅰ.写出下列加黑短语的类型及所充当的句子成分 1．He could only understand a word here and there.副词短语作状语 2．Don't be attracted by her beauty.名词短语作宾语 3．In spite of the difficulties, we went on with our work.介词短语作状语 4．We need to build a factory twice larger than this one.形容词短语作后置定语 5．Equally importantly, we should develop a good habit of living.副词短语作状语 6．New office buildings are going up everywhere.名词短语作主语 7．Most of the boys in my class like playing football.动词短语作宾语 8．He was so hungry that he finished off everything on the table.动词短语作谓语 9．He has been working here as an assistant to the chairman for ten years.介词短语作状语 10．We found everything in the lab in good order before doing the experiment.介词短语作后置定语 Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．(2024·全国甲卷满分作文)众所周知，交通方式的改变将给人们的生活带来巨大的变化。 As we all know, changes in transportation will bring great changes to people's lives. 2．一旦他下定决心，任何事也不能改变他的想法。 Once he made up his mind, nothing could be done to change his mind． 3．换句话说，一遍又一遍地练习一首乐曲能够教会你如何演奏它，并能帮你变得更精通。 In other words, practicing a piece of music over and over again can teach you how to play it and help you become more proficient. 4．他的行为深深地打动了我，以至于我在深夜无法入睡。 I was so deeply moved by his deeds that I couldn't fall asleep deep into the night． 5．他又冷又饿地在风雪中度过了一天。 He spent one day in the wind and snow, cold and hungry． 6．他跑得太快了，我们班没有人能赶上他。 So fast does he run that nobody in our class can catch up with him． 7．放学后，我们进行各种各样的活动，如进行体育活动、做实验或上网。 After school we enjoy all kinds of activities, such as doing sports, doing experiments or surfing the Internet. 8．当谈到选择学校英语报栏目的时候，大家意见不统一。 When it comes to choosing the columns for the school English newspaper, opinions vary from one to another. 9．减少我们的压力的有效手段之一是锻炼，包括上体育课。 One of the effective means of reducing our pressure is taking exercise, including having PE classes. 10．事实上，我们必须承认，生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。 In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself． 11．朱莉是那些总赶最新潮的女子之一。 Julie is one of those women who always keep up with the latest fashions． 12．就我而言，我认为我们应该更加关注在校儿童的安全问题。 As far as I'm concerned, I think we should pay more attention to the safety of schoolchildren． 13．一方面，计算机提高了工作效率；另一方面，它们也带来了一些新的问题。 On one hand, computers improve the working efficiency；on the other hand，they also bring about some new problems． 14．虽然他是一个守信用的人，但他没能够及时出现在我的宴会上。 While he is a man to keep his word, he failed to turn up at my party on time． 15．这个决定对孩子们非常重要。 The decision is of great importance to the children． 16．她从街对面挥手，以引起朋友的注意，然后才过马路。 She waved from across the street to catch her friend's attention before crossing over. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $