Unit 4 Period 1 Reading and Thinking（Word教参）-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版）

本高中英语讲义围绕核心词汇（如parcel, privilege等）、重点短语（如be dying to, not to mention等）、重点句型（如be doing...when..., "be of+抽象名词"结构等）及单元语法（复习短语）展开，通过词汇积累、短语运用、句型操练到阅读输入（志愿者支教经历）与演讲稿写作输出的递进，搭建完整学习支架。 该资料亮点在于融合语言能力与文化意识培养，以志愿者主题阅读材料（如Jo的支教经历）引导学生理解跨文化差异，培养社会责任感。阅读理解题（如推断Tombe家庭情况）提升思维品质中的分析推断能力，课中语法分析与词汇练习辅助教学，课后话题佳句与词汇表帮助学生巩固，实现语言知识到综合运用的转化。

[核心单词]　parcel mail secondary clay dust uniform rubber rigid shade housing platform ripe privilege resign deserve tune contract disability consultation relay criterion [单元语法]　复习短语 [重点短语]　be dying to, a chorus of, not to mention, come across, be relevant to, in need of, take (...) for granted, prior to, make a difference to, relay to [重点句型]　1.be doing...when... 2.“be of＋抽象名词”结构 3.not only...but...as well [写作任务]　演讲稿 [Actions] persuade vt.　　　 　　　 说服；劝说 perform v. 表演 recommend vt. 推荐，介绍 express v. 表达 remind vt. 提醒 associate v. 交往；使……联合 care for 关心 share...with... 与……分享…… be ready to help others 乐于助人 turn to sb. for help 向某人求助 help those in need 帮助那些有需要的人 communicate with... 与……交流 a voluntary activity 一次志愿活动 participate in/take part in 参加 [Benefits] appreciation n.　　　　 欣赏；感激 acquire v. 取得，获得 accumulate v. 积累，积聚；堆积 promote vt. 促进；提升 meaningful adj. 有意义的 advantage n. 优点 attain v. (经过努力)获得，得到 interaction n. 相互影响 harmony n. 和谐，和睦 get through 顺利通过 learn from... 向……学习 make up with... 与……和解 be aware of 意识到 话题佳句 1.Thousands of candles can be lit from a single candle, and the life of the candle will not be shortened.Happiness never decreases by being shared. 一支蜡烛可以点燃成千上万支蜡烛，而它的寿命不会缩短。快乐绝不会因为分享而减少。 2.Help others without any reason and give without the expectation of receiving anything in return. —Roy T．Bennett 帮助别人时不需要任何理由，给予他人时不期望得到任何回报。——罗伊·T·贝内特 3.While some view volunteer work as a temporary commitment, many find it so rewarding that they continue to contribute throughout their lives. 尽管有些人将志愿工作视为一种暂时性的承诺，但许多人发现它非常有意义，以至于会在他们的一生中持续贡献。 Period 1　Reading and Thinking 　〈教材助读＋语基默写〉见分册本 What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Jo went to a bush school to visit friends. B．Jo introduces us to a bush school. C．Jo introduces Tombe's home in the village to us. D．Jo tells us her experience as a volunteer teacher in a bush school. 答案：D 答案：1.two weeks　2.sweets and jam　3.secondary 4．science　5.remote　6.privilege 1．Why did the boys jump out of the windows in a chemistry experiment? A.Because they were frightened by the bubbling mixture. B.Because they couldn't stand the terrible smell of the mixture. C.Because they didn't like doing chemistry experiments. D.Because they knew chemistry was not relevant to them. 2．What is Jo's attitude to the effect of her job there? A．Doubtful.　　 B．Positive. C．Confident. D．Optimistic. 3．What can we infer from “The only possessions I could see were ...jars.” in paragraph 5? A．Tombe's family was kind-hearted. B．Tombe's family was enthusiastic. C．Tombe's family only used simple things. D．Tombe's family was very poor. 4．What did the family do with the leftover food? A．They had it for the next meal. B．They threw it out of the doorway directly. C．They used it to attract bad spirits in the night. D．They dried it out in a can and then threw the can out. 答案：1～4.AADD 1．Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students—few will ever become chemists—and most will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway.(Para.3) [分析]　本句为and连接的并列复合句。第一个分句含有how引导的宾语从句， 破折号之间的部分起进一步解释说明的作用； 第二个分句为简单句。 [翻译]　有时，我会想化学对这些学生来说到底有多大的意义——几乎没有人会成为化学家——而且大多数人反正都要在八年级后回到自己的村庄。 2．Tombe's father, Mukap, a man with a strong jaw and a wrinkled forehead, led us to his house, a low, round bamboo hut with no windows, with a door just big enough to get through, and with grass sticking out of the roof—this shows it is a man's house.(Para.5) [分析]　本句为复合句。“Mukap...forehead”作Tombe's father的同位语， 而“a low，round bamboo hut...roof”作his house的同位语；“with grass sticking out of the roof”为with复合结构；破折号后的部分起进一步解释说明的作用， 其中“it is a man's house”为省略连接词that的宾语从句。 [翻译]　汤贝的父亲穆卡普是一位下巴结实、额头满是皱纹的男人，他带领我们来到他的房子：一座低矮的圆形竹屋，没有窗户，门的宽度仅够单人穿过，屋顶伸出一簇茅草——这表明这是一个男人的房子。 Jo wrote the blog entries to tell us her teaching life in a bush school 1.as a volunteer.She described the school whose classrooms 2.were_made (make) of bamboo and roofs of grass.Her most 3.challenging(challenge) subject was science, for the boys had never done chemistry experiments before Jo came here.She doubted whether she was making any difference to those boys' lives at all. Jo gave a 4.detailed(detail) description of her first visit to a village.After two and a half hours of walking, she and another teacher arrived at Tombe's home where she could see 5.a low bamboo hut with grass sticking out of the roof, 6.which had no windows.Inside the house, she found a 7.newly(new) made platform for Jenny and her 8.to_sleep(sleep) on.Outside the house, Tombe's father, Mukap, 9.laid(lay) stones on the fire, and placed them in an empty oil drum with kau kau, ripe corn and greens.He then covered the vegetables with banana 10.leaves (leaf) and left them to steam. Jo felt happy after the visit to Tombe's family. 1．Do you like sharing in your life? What are the benefits of sharing? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．If you had a chance to be a volunteer teacher, how would you help the students there? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Open answers. Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记 选出与单词对应的汉语释义 1．chorus n.　　　 A．握手 2．bubble vi. B．吃剩的；残留的 3．hut n. C．门口；出入口；门道 4．fireplace n. D．起泡；沸腾 5．jar n. E．烤架；烤肉餐馆 6．grill n. F．罐子；坛子 7．doorway n. G．简陋的小房子(或棚、舍) 8．leftover adj. H．壁炉 9．handshake n. I．合唱曲；合唱团 答案：1～5.IDGHF　6～9.ECBA Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词 1．a parcel from abroad 一个来自国外的包裹 2．be stuck in a traffic jam 陷入交通堵塞 3．be glad to receive your mail很高兴收到你的邮件 4．primary and secondary education中小学教育 5．be made of clay 由陶土制成 6．weed the hospital garden 给医院的花园除草 7．a cotton shirt 一件棉质衬衫 8．be dressed in school uniform穿校服 9．take two tablets before meals饭前服用两片药片 10．wear a pair of rubber gloves戴一副橡胶手套 11．go to the washroom 去洗手间 12．be too narrow and too rigid过于狭隘和死板 13．a tube of toothpaste 一管牙膏 14．work in a circus 在马戏团工作 15．sit in the shade 坐在阴凉处 16．the upper jaw 上颌 17．wrinkles around her eyes她眼周的皱纹 18．the sweat from her forehead她前额的汗水 19．a launch platform 发射平台 20．cups and saucers 茶杯和茶碟 21．an electric kettle 一个电水壶 22．a stainless steel pan 一只不锈钢平底锅 23．drag him from the bed把他从床上拽起来 Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活 根据提示写出相应的单词 1．dust [dʌst] n．沙土；灰尘vi. & vt.擦灰→dusty adj.布满灰尘的 2．chemist ['kemIst] n．化学家；药剂师；药房→chemical adj.化学的；与化学有关的 n．化学物质→chemistry n．化学 3．housing ['haʊzIŋ] n．住房；住宅→house n．房子 vt.给……提供住处 4．ripe [raIp] adj.成熟的；时机成熟的→ripen v. (使)成熟 5．privilege ['prIvəlIdʒ] n．优惠待遇；特权→privileged adj.有特权的；受特别优待的 Ⅳ.重点短语·再现 根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语 1．We are dying to(渴望) attend the concert, but we are not sure if we can get tickets. 2．A chorus of(齐声) laughter filled the room as the comedian told his jokes, and everyone was in high spirits. 3．They are always short of water to drink, not to mention(更不用说) water to bathe in. 4．He came across(偶遇) an old friend from college while walking through the park. 5．It is a great honour for me to give a public lecture that is relevant to (与……有关) ocean animals. Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现 根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子 1．“It takes/took sb.some time to do sth.”意为“做某事花费某人多长时间。” It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school(花费我几分钟就能走到学校) down a dusty track covered in weeds.(Para.2) 2．“be doing...when...”意为“正在做……这时……” The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when(正在给男孩们演示一个化学实验，这时), before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere！(Para.3) 3．感叹句 Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students(化学对这些学生来说到底有多大的意义)—few will ever become chemists—and most will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway.(Para.3) 4．“see sb. doing sth.”意为“看见某人正在做某事” When we arrived at the village, Tombe's mother, Kiak, saw us coming(看见我们到了) and started crying “ieee ieee”．(Para.4) 5．with复合结构 Tombe's father, Mukap, a man with a strong jaw and a wrinkled forehead, led us to his house, a low, round bamboo hut with no windows, with a door just big enough to get through, and with grass sticking out of the roof(屋顶伸出一簇茅草)—this shows it is a man's house.(Para.5) 6．even though引导让步状语从句 I loved listening to the family talking softly to each other in their language, even though I could not participate much in the conversation(虽然我参与不了多少他们的谈话).(Para.6) uniform n.校服；制服 adj.一致的；统一的 【经典例句】 ①(译林选必三U3)The men went to the washroom, dressed in their uniforms and sat down to breakfast. 男人们走进洗手间，穿上制服，坐下来吃早饭。 ②The school requires all students to wear a uniform, which helps create a sense of unity and discipline.　学校要求所有学生穿校服，这有助于培养团结和纪律感。 in uniform　　　　　　 穿着制服 out of uniform 不穿制服 be uniform in... 在……方面整齐/一致 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)Despite the bad weather, soldiers in uniform remained at their posts, carrying out important tasks. (2)The products produced by this factory are uniform in quality, thus enjoying a high reputation in the market. (3)尽管汤姆平时总是穿着制服上班，但今天他选择不穿制服，而是穿着休闲服装，看起来非常轻松。 Although Tom usually wears a uniform to work, today he chose to be out of uniform, dressed in casual wear, looking very relaxed.读后续写之人物描写 　　　　　　　 not to mention 更不用说；且不说 【经典例句】 ①(教材P38)There's no electricity, running water or even textbooks, not to mention laptops, tablets, or other modern devices! 这里没有电，没有自来水，甚至也没有教科书，更不用说笔记本电脑、平板电脑或其他现代化设备了！ ②(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)It seemed that the runway was extremely long for young children, not to mention a child with a brain disease. 对于年幼的孩子来说，跑道似乎非常长， 更不用说患有脑部疾病的孩子了。 mention...to sb./mention to sb.that... 向某人提及…… mention doing... 提及做…… as is mentioned above 如上所述 Don't mention it. 不客气(回答道歉或道谢)。 【单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子】 (1)They mentioned traveling(travel) to Europe next summer, which got us excited about planning our own trip. (2)She mentioned to me that she was planning a trip to Beijing next month. (3)—Thank you so much for helping me with my project. —Don't mention it(不客气)． (4)如上所述，该项目将在本月月底完成。 As is mentioned above, the project will be completed by the end of this month. 　　　　　　　 shade vt.给……遮挡 (光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗n.阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分；色调；遮帘；稍微 【经典例句】 The old man sat in the shade of the wall, enjoying the peace and quiet of the afternoon. 老人坐在墙的阴影下，享受着下午的宁静和平和。 (1)shade...from/against... 给……遮挡…… (2)put...in the shade 使……相形见绌；使……黯然失色 in the shade (of...) 在(……的)阴凉处 【语境辨义/单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue.色调 (2)Before Vinnie could say yes, the monitor hurried on, a shade of apology in his voice.稍微 (3)He wore sunscreen to shade his skin from/against harmful ultraviolet radiation. (4)他的慷慨让其他人相形见绌，使他成为社区中最受喜爱的人。 His generosity put the others in the shade, making him the most beloved person in the community.读后续写之人物描写 　　　　　　　 privilege n.优惠待遇；特权；荣幸 【经典例句】 ①(教材P39) It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe's family. 与汤贝一家共度了一日，真是一种荣幸。 ② It's such a privilege to be a part of these kids' lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them and hearing their stories. 能够成为这些孩子生活中的一部分真是一种荣幸，哪怕只是几个小时，去了解他们，聆听他们的故事。 (1)It's a privilege (for sb.) to do sth./of doing sth.(对某人来说)做某事是幸运的 have the privilege to do sth./of doing sth.有做某事的特权；有幸做某事 (2)privileged adj. 有特权的；受特别优待的；荣幸的；幸运的 be/feel privileged to do sth.做某事是荣幸的 【单句语法填空/一句多译】 (1)As a volunteer, I feel privileged(privilege) to have the opportunity to help those in need and make a positive impact on their lives. 应用文写作之活动介绍 (2) I have the privilege to live(live) in a beautiful, historic city that offers so much culture and history. (3)能够被选中代表他的国家参加奥运会，他感到荣幸。 →It is a privilege for him to have been selected to represent his country to participate in the Olympics.(privilege n．) →He feels privileged to have been selected to represent his country to participate in the Olympics.(privileged adj.) 　　　　　　　 “be doing...when...”意为“正在做…… 这时……” 【经典例句】 (教材P38)The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere！　几天前，我正在给男孩们演示一个化学实验，这时，在我反应过来之前，混合物冒着泡从试管中涌出，洒得到处都是！ 教材原句中when用作并列连词，意为“这时”。 when用作并列连词的句型归纳： (1)had just done...when... 刚做完……这时…… (2)be about to do...when... 正打算做……这时…… (3)be on the point of doing...when... 正打算做……这时…… 【单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级】 (1)I was on the point of giving up when my teacher encouraged me to try again. (2)我正在看公告栏上的照片， 这时我听到身后有个声音。 I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me. (3)I had just walked out of the kitchen and at that time, someone knocked at the door. →I had just walked out of the kitchen when someone knocked at the door. Ⅰ.品句填词 1．(2025·北京卷) One day, during a class in the IT lab with my classmates, our teacher mentioned(提及) missing computer parts. 2．(2025·浙江卷1月)For Ribeiro, it has become a perfect platform(平台) for pursuing her hobby of buying food, trying out new recipes and holding dinner parties. 3．Experience is what matters and age is of secondary importance. 4．He laid his fishing pole down and dragged(拖) his feet, moving toward me at a snail's pace. 5．The dedicated policeman in uniform is directing traffic at the busy crossroads during the rush hour. 6．The delivery man had to sort through numerous parcels before finding the correct address for each one. 7．It is a great privilege for me to invite you to participate in the Chinese speech contest for foreigners at my school on December 1st. 8．With several ideas bouncing around in his head, the chemist(化学家) couldn't decide which one to choose. Ⅱ.词块运用 1．I have the privilege to volunteer/of volunteering at a local charity(有幸在当地的一家慈善机构做志愿者), where I can make a real difference to the lives of those in need. 2．His knowledge of the subject put the rest of the class in the shade(让班上的其他同学黯然失色), earning him the highest grade. 3．Learning to play the piano is difficult enough, not to mention mastering the complex techniques(更不用说掌握复杂技巧了) required for advanced pieces. 4．The students' essays were uniform in structure(结构一致), following the guidelines provided by the teacher. 5．In the project discussion, we make sure that all proposed solutions are relevant to the current market trends(与当前的市场趋势密切相关). Ⅲ.根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文 Last weekend, I took part in a volunteer activity at a local orphanage, which turned out to be an unforgettable experience. 1．It took us three hours to clean up the yard and decorate the rooms(打扫院子和装饰房间花了我们三个小时；It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.).2.We were painting the walls when(我们正在粉刷墙壁，这时；be doing...when...) suddenly a little girl came up to us and handed us some water.How kind she was! 3.With a shining smile on everyone's face(每个人脸上都挂着灿烂的笑容；with复合结构), we finished our work. 4．Even though it was tiring(虽然这是累人的；even though引导让步状语从句), we all enjoyed the process.5.I saw some of my friends playing games with the children(我看到我的一些朋友和孩子们正在玩游戏；see sb. doing sth.), and their smiles were so heartwarming. 6．What a meaningful activity it was(这是一个多么有意义的活动啊；感叹句)! It made me realize how important it is to give love and care to those in need.I'm looking forward to the next volunteer activity. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $