Unit 1 Period 1 Reading and Thinking（Word教参）-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版）

本高中英语讲义围绕科幻主题，系统整合核心单词（如fiction、integrity）、分主题词汇（Technology、Research等）、单元语法（被动语态复习）、重点短语（test out等）及重点句型（more...than...、完全倒装等），构建从词汇积累、语法巩固到写作输出（科幻故事）的完整学习支架。 资料亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过分主题词汇与话题佳句提升语言表达，借助阅读理解问题（如段落目的分析）培养分析推断能力。课中辅助教师开展读写结合教学，课后通过词汇练习、句型仿写帮助学生查漏补缺，强化知识应用。

[核心单词]　 fiction　　　 bonus　　 integrity dignity　　 salary　　 appointment　　 guilty suspend dismiss declare weekly calculate flour venue superior labour leather panel backwards fetch pace division urge random maximum explode [单元语法]　复习被动语态 [重点短语]　test out, on a..basis, take over, conflict with, turn out [重点句型]　1.more...than... 2.make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 3.完全倒装 4.强调句型 5.as if/though引导方式状语从句 [写作任务]　科幻故事 [Technology] program n.　 　　　　　　 程序 function n. 功能 model n. 模型 chip n. 芯片 emerging adj. 新兴的 software n. 软件 application n. 应用程序 automatic adj. 自动的 artificial intelligence 人工智能 [Research] analyse v. 分析 explore v. 探索 simplify v. 简化 invent v. 发明 develop v. 研发；开发 observe v. 观测；观察 equip v. 装备；配备 inspire v.　　　　　　　　　 鼓舞；激励 breakthrough n. 突破 update vt. 更新；使现代化 [Exploration] predict vt. 预测 modernization n. 现代化 spacecraft n. 太空飞船 spacewalk n. 太空漫步 track v. 追踪；跟踪 curious adj. 好奇的 accelerate v. 加速；促进 telescope n. 望远镜 innovation n. 创新；革新 digital adj. 数字的；数码的 determined adj. 意志坚定的 artificial satellite 人造卫星 manned spaceship 载人飞船 tireless efforts 孜孜不倦的努力 think outside the box 打破常规思维 话题佳句 1.One of the biggest roles of science fiction is to prepare people to accept the future without pain and to encourage a flexibility of the mind. 科幻小说最大的作用之一，是让人们做好准备在没有痛苦的情况下接受未来，并鼓励思维的灵活性。 2.Imagination is more important than knowledge.Because knowledge is limited to all we now know and understand, while imagination embraces the entire world. 想象力比知识更重要。因为知识仅限于我们现在所知道和理解的，而想象力涵盖了整个世界。 3.The best science fiction not only entertains readers but also challenges them to think deeply about the future of humanity. 最好的科幻小说不仅娱乐读者，还能促使他们深入思考人类的未来。 Period 1　Reading and Thinking 　〈教材助读＋语基默写〉见分册本 What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The robot could fall in love with humans. B．The robot could do everything that man can. C．An experiment tested out by the household robot Tony. D．An experiment where a household robot was tested out. 答案：D 答案：1.tested out　2.alarmed　3.embarrassed 4．trusted　5.was transformed 1．What's the purpose of paragraph 1? A．To attract the readers' interest. B．To make the story interesting. C．To stress the importance of the robot. D．To give some background information. 2．Why didn't Claire want the robot in her house? A．Because she didn't like robots at all. B．Because she didn't like the robot's appearance. C．Because she was worried about being harmed by the robot. D．Because the robot looked like a real person. 3．What caused the change of Claire's feelings? A．Tony's wisdom and encouragement. B．Tony's appearance and unique temper. C．Claire's appreciation and attachment to Tony. D．Claire's support and trust to Tony. 4．How did the robot Tony help Claire to realize her dream? A．By making her home elegant. B．By giving her a new hairstyle. C．By improving her makeup. D．All of the above. 答案：1～4.DCAD 1．Claire didn't want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be away on a business trip for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed.(Para.2) [分析]　本句是由but连接的并列复合句。在第一个分句中， as引导时间状语从句；在第二个分句中， that引导宾语从句。 [翻译]　克莱尔并不想家里有个机器人， 尤其是在她丈夫要出差三周的时候， 但是拉里劝她说机器人不会伤害她， 也不会让她受到伤害。 2．Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.(Para.4) [分析]　本句是由but连接的并列复合句。在第一个分句中，“it was ridiculous...by a robot”为省略连接词that的宾语从句， 其中it为形式主语， that引导的从句作真正的主语。 [翻译]　虽然克莱尔认为她被机器人同情是荒谬的， 但她逐渐欣赏他的智慧和正直， 并且开始信任他。 3．She told him how she was unhappy that her home wasn't elegant enough for Larry, who wanted to improve his social position with a bigger salary.(Para.4) [分析]　本句是复合句。主句中含有how引导的宾语从句； that引导原因状语从句；who引导非限制性定语从句， 修饰先行词Larry。 [翻译]　她对他说，对于像拉里这样想通过更高的薪水来提高社会地位的人来说，她的家不够雅致，这让她很不高兴。 　　The company for which Larry worked was to have a newly-made robot called Tony that was experimented with by his wife Claire at home.At the sight of Tony, Claire felt 1.alarmed (alarm).She hadn't thought that 2.a robot should look so much like a human, with smooth hair, a deep voice, and a tall and handsome body.3.On the second morning, Tony wanted to help her to dress，4.which made Claire embarrassed and she refused him.But later she was glad that Tony could make her home 5.elegant (elegance), give her a new hairstyle and improve her makeup.6.To decorate (decorate) her home, he could also write a list of 7.items(item) for her to buy.And 8.finally (final) Tony helped Claire to finish all the work.Tony suggested that Claire 9.(should) invite (invite) Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.10.What was unbelievable was that Tony didn't want to leave Claire in the end! 1．If you are a robot designer, will you make your robot more like a human? Why? 2．What do you think of the future relationship between humans and robots? 答案：Open answers. Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记 选出与单词对应的汉语释义 1．ridiculous adj.　　 A．梯子；阶梯 2．ladder n. B．然而；但是；尽管 3．whereas conj. C．愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的 答案：1～3.CAB Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词 1．science fiction　　　　　 科幻小说 2．get a bonus 获得奖金 3．a man of integrity 正直的男人 4．the dignity of mankind 人类的尊严 5．a basic salary 基本薪金 6．bite your nails 咬你的指甲 7．a successful saleswoman 一名成功的女推销员 8．suspend or cancel your account 暂停或取消你的账户 9．dismiss fears 消除恐惧 Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活 根据提示写出相应的单词 1．appointment [ə'pɔIntmənt] n．预约；约会；委任→appoint vt.任命；委派→appointed adj.指定的；约定的　 2．guilty ['ɡIlti] adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→guilt n．内疚；犯罪；过失 3．declare [dI'kleə(r)] vt.表明；宣称；公布→declaration n．宣布 Ⅳ.重点短语·再现 根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语 1．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with(试用) zero-waste systems，but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion. 2．The teacher decided to test out(测试) a new teaching method to see if it improves student engagement. 3．The concert was more like(更像是) a festival than a regular music performance. 4．She is a teacher, or rather (更确切地说), a passionate educator who loves working with children. 5．The hiker turned around (转身) and started heading back when he realized it was getting dark. Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现 根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子 1．“more...than...”意为“与其说……倒不如说……” He seemed more like a human than a machine(与其说是一台机器，倒不如说更像是一个人).(Para.2) 2．it作形式主语 Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot (她被机器人同情是荒谬的), but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.(Para.4) 3．make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 As a favour, Tony promised to help Claire make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant(把她变得更漂亮，把她的家变得更雅致).(Para.5) 4．现在分词短语作状语 Claire thanked Tony, telling him that he was a “dear”(称他“亲爱的”).(Para.6) 5．完全倒装 As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern(格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那里).(Para.6) 　　　　　　　 test out 检验；测试 【经典例句】 He decided to test out his new car to see how it performs. 他决定测试他的新车，看看它的性能如何。 test sb.on...　　　　 在……方面测试某人 test...on sb./sth. 在某人/物身上测试/试验…… put...to the test 对……进行试验 【单句语法填空】 (1)She was nervous when she found out that they would test her on her knowledge of foreign languages during the interview. (2)When they were facing unexpected difficulties, their emergency plan was put to the test. (3)If you want to know if this new method works effectively, you should test it out and see the results for yourself. 　　　　　　　 appointment n.预约；约会；委任 【经典例句】 I had an appointment with my friend to have a holiday last summer but she broke it for some reason. 去年夏天， 我和我的朋友约了一起度假， 但她因故失约了。 (1)make/have an appointment with sb. 与某人有约；与某人预约 keep/break an/one's appointment 守约/违约 by appointment 按照约定 (2)appoint v. 任命；委派；安排；约定 appoint sb.(as/to be)... 任命某人(为)…… appoint sb.to do sth. 指派某人做某事 (3)appointed adj. (时间/地点)事先约定好的；指定的；约定的 【单句语法填空/句式升级】 (1)(2023·北京卷) I turned up at the appointed(appoint) hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest had arrived and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. (2)For those who wish to visit the gallery, viewing can be arranged by appointment only. (3)She was appointed to lead (lead) the project after the previous manager resigned. (4)After he was appointed as the chief engineer, he led the team to complete the project ahead of time. →Appointed as the chief engineer, he led the team to complete the project ahead of time.(过去分词短语作状语) 　　　　　　　 guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 【经典例句】 Even though it was an accident, she still feels guilty about not being able to attend her friend's wedding. 尽管那是一次意外，她仍然因为没能参加朋友的婚礼而感到内疚。 (1)be/feel guilty for/at/about... 为/对……感到内疚，对……有愧 be guilty of... 犯有……罪；有……过失 (2)guilt n. 内疚；犯罪；罪责 out of guilt 出于内疚 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)If we are guilty of ignoring the details in math problems, we may lose valuable points in the college entrance examination even if we master the core knowledge. (2)The court found him guilty (guilt) and sentenced him to three years in prison. (3)出于愧疚， 我向我的老师解释， 并保证这种事情不会再发生。 Out of guilt, I explained to my teacher and promised this would never happen again.读后续写之心理描写 dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除；驳回；不受理；不予理会；摒弃 【经典例句】 (2022· 新高考全国卷Ⅰ)A silent exchange of glance told me that David had dismissed the idea of not joining in the running race, and made his final decision. 一个无声的眼神交换告诉我， 大卫已经打消了不参加跑步比赛的想法， 并做出了最后的决定。 (1)dismiss sb.from...　 将某人从……解雇/开除 be dismissed for... 因……被解雇/开除 (2)dismissive adj. 轻蔑的，鄙视的 【语境辨义/完成句子】 (1)(2023·天津卷)Tightly holding the permission slip from the orchestra director, I ran all the way home after school, and shakily handed it to my parents with a fear that they might dismiss my desire.不予理会 (2)She dismissed her fear and applied for the job she always wanted.消除 (3)The manager had no choice but to dismiss her due to consistent violation of company policy.解雇 (4)老师常提醒我们不要对模拟考试中的错误置之不理，认真分析错题是提分最快的方式。 Teachers often remind us not to dismiss the mistakes in mock exams—analyzing them carefully is the fastest way to improve our scores. 　　　　　　　 declare vt.表明；宣称；公布；宣布 【经典例句】 (2022· 新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Because of our encouragement, David gradually became more and more confident, and declared firmly that he would take part in the running race. 由于我们的鼓励， 大卫逐渐变得越来越自信， 并坚定地宣布他将参加跑步比赛。 (1)declare...to be/as...　　 宣布……是…… declare for/against... 赞成/反对…… declare war on... 向……宣战 It is declared that... 宣布…… (2)declaration n. 宣布 【单句语法填空/一句多译】 (1)The emperor declared war on his rival kingdom in order to expand his territory. (2)The medical association decided to declare against the new healthcare policy, arguing that it would harm public health. (3)在打破100米短跑的世界纪录后，这名运动员被宣布为世界上速度最快的选手。 →The athlete was declared to be the fastest in the world after breaking the world record in the 100-meter dash. →It was declared that the athlete was the fastest in the world after he broke the world record in the 100-meter dash. 应用文写作之人物介绍 　　　　　　　 “more...than...” 意为“与其说……倒不如说……” 【经典例句】 (教材P2)He seemed more like a human than a machine. 他看上去与其说是一台机器，倒不如说更像是一个人。 (1)more than＋数词(＝over) 超过，不止 more than＋名词(＝not only) 不仅仅是 more than＋形容词/副词(＝very) 非常，很 (2)not more than＋数词 不多于；不超过 no more than＋数词 仅仅；只不过 【语境辨义/完成句子】 (1)(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ) About half of Ho's students stay for a week or less; others are there for more than a year. 超过 (2)(2023·全国甲卷)This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life. 不仅仅是 (3)She was more than happy to accept the invitation to speak at the conference, seeing it as a great opportunity. 非常 (4)她仅用了五分钟就解出了这道数学题，展示了她非凡的能力。 It took her no more than five minutes to solve the math problem, showing her exceptional skills. 　　　　　　　 make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 【经典例句】 ① (教材P2)As a favour, Tony promised to help Claire make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant. 出于好意，托尼答应帮克莱尔变得更漂亮，把她的家变得更雅致。 ②(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ) Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. 然而，研究发现，将你的时间奉献给社区事业实际上会让你感觉自己拥有更多的时间。 (1)在此结构中，宾语补足语可以是形容词、名词(职务名词充当宾语补足语时，其前不要加冠词)、介词短语、省略to的动词不定式(被动语态中不省略to)和过去分词(不用现在分词充当宾语补足语)； (2)make＋it＋宾语补足语＋(for sb.)to do/从句。 【单句语法填空/句型转换/完成句子】 (1)Despite the language barrier, she managed to make herself understood (understand) through gestures and facial expressions. (2)Parents made the children clean their rooms before they could go out to play. →The children were made to clean their rooms before they could go out to play.(改为被动语态) (3)公共交通的改善让人们在城市中出行变得更加方便。 The improvements in public transportation make it more convenient for people to travel around the city． 　　　　　　　 完全倒装 【经典例句】 ①(教材P2)As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. 当她转过身时，(她看到)格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那里。 ②(译林必修二U4)Behind every book is a man, behind the man is the race, and behind the race are the natural and social environments. 每本书的背后都是一个人，此人的背后是一个族群，这个族群的背后是自然和社会环境。 (1)here、there、in、out、off、away、up、down、now、then等表示方位、方向或时间的副词或者表示地点的介词短语置于句首，谓语动词是be、come、go、remain、lie、run、stand等，且主语为名词时，用完全倒装； (2)主系表结构中，作表语的形容词、分词(短语)置于句首时，用完全倒装；such单独作表语置于句首时，用完全倒装。 【单句语法填空/句式升级】 (1)(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)I looked around and finally spotted David.Off to the side by a fence was standing (stand) David by himself. (2)There is (be) an ancient tower, for which my hometown is famous throughout the country. 应用文写作之景点介绍 (3)A group of young men rushed out, still discussing the performance with great interest. →Out rushed a group of young men, still discussing the performance with great interest. (4)Yesterday, some scientists with notable achievements were present at the meeting. →Yesterday，present at the meeting were some scientists with notable achievements． (1)在完全倒装句式中，谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数保持一致； (2)完全倒装的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。 Ⅰ.品句填词 1．He put a ladder against the wall to have a lamp suspended． 2．Wherever you are, you should try to be a person with integrity (正直) and honesty. 3．The tourist received a box of cookies as a bonus (意外收获) when he bought coffee at the getaway. 4．He didn't treat me with dignity, which made me explode with anger. 5．I'd love to go there with you, but I have a(n) appointment (预约) with my lawyer. 6．He returned to his company, only to find him dismissed.　 7．I feel guilty about teasing the innocent child who fell over on the track. 8．She declared her determination to pursue her dream of becoming a doctor despite all the difficulties. Ⅱ.词块运用 1．After careful consideration, the committee decided to declare for the new environmental initiative (支持新的环保倡议), emphasizing its importance for future generations. 2．After noticing unusual symptoms, he was advised to make an appointment with a specialist (预约一位专家) as soon as possible. 3．The court declared that the company was guilty of environmental pollution (因环境污染被判有罪) and imposed a heavy fine. 4．After reviewing the submissions, the court ruled that the action was dismissed for lack of sufficient evidence (因证据不足被驳回). 5．She wanted to test out different study methods (尝试不同的学习方法) to find the most effective one for her final exams. Ⅲ.根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文 Once upon a time, a young man was walking through a wood when he spotted an unusual thing.He stepped forward and found that 1.on the ground lay a shining ring(地上放着一个闪闪发光的戒指；完全倒装).He stood there, wondering what to do.Just then, the ring began talking, “Young man, a kind girl is trapped by a witch in the castle ahead.If you are brave enough to rescue her, you will gain happiness.Put on me and I will help you.” The fact that the ring should speak at all 2.made the young man astonished(让年轻人大吃一惊；make＋宾语＋宾语补足语).Though feeling ridiculous, he followed the ring's instructions.The moment he put the ring on his finger, something magical happened.3.It was surprising that he discovered that he disappeared, invisible to other people(令人惊奇的是他发现自己消失了，别人看不见他；it作形式主语), so that he entered the castle with nobody noticing.He learned that the girl couldn't move forever unless someone destroyed the witch's magical stick.With the help of the ring, he found the magical stick in a golden box, and destroyed it successfully, 4.removing the magic spell put on the girl by the witch(解除了女巫对女孩施的魔法；现在分词短语作状语). The young man, together with the girl, defeated the witch, and they lived a happy life together ever after.This is 5.more a beautiful love story than an adventure story(与其说是一个冒险故事，倒不如说是一个美好的爱情故事；more... than...). 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $