Unit 2 Period 1 Reading and Thinking（Word教参）-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版）

本高中英语讲义围绕核心词汇（如foundation, political）、话题词汇（Travel等）、单元语法（过去分词复习）、重点短语（refer to...as...等）、重点句型（“介词+关系代词”定语从句等）及写作任务（标志性动物说明文）展开，构建从词汇积累到语法应用再到语篇写作的完整学习支架。 该资料亮点在于融合语言能力与文化意识培养，通过澳大利亚文化相关阅读语篇（如土著音乐、移民文化）引导学生理解跨文化内涵，结合语法讲解（如过去分词、It is said that...句型）提升语言运用能力。设计包含课前默写、课中语篇分析与语法练习、课后词汇运用与写作任务，助力教师高效授课，学生可借此回顾强化，查漏补缺，培养自主学习能力。

[核心单词]　 foundation　　 political　　　 located equator barbecue bakery joint premier herb straightforward minister frog arrow entitle dive freedom domain sponsor liberty golf strait sample distribution phase trunk license session frequency violence nest biology hatch capacity fence prison grand [单元语法]　复习过去分词 [重点短语]　refer to...as..., major in, in contact with..., a flock of, a handful of [重点句型]　1.“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句 2.It is said that... 3.while引导让步状语从句 [写作任务]　描述标志性动物的说明文 [Travel] waterfall n.　　　　　　　　 瀑布 island n. 岛屿 temple n. 寺庙 mountain n. 山脉 beach n. 沙滩 lawn n. 草地 tower n. 塔 bridge n. 桥 vacation n. 假期 hotel n. 宾馆 baggage/luggage n. 行李 ticket n. 票 museum n. 博物馆 set out 出发 in the rush hour 在高峰时期 tourist attraction 旅游景点 a place of interest 名胜古迹 book a room 预订房间 travel agency 旅行社 leave for 动身去(某地) check in 登记入住 check out 结账离开 be open to　　　　　　　　 向……开放 a guided tour 一次有导游带领的旅行 [Means of transportation] plane n. 飞机 railway n. 铁路 subway n. 地铁 taxi n. 出租车 ship n. 轮船 highway n. 公路 motorcycle n. 摩托车 cable car 缆车 high-speed rail 高铁 go aboard 上船(车、飞机等) [Feelings] fantastic adj. 极好的 tough adj. 艰难的 thrilling adj. 刺激的 exciting adj. 使人兴奋的 terrific adj. 极好的 be struck by 被……迷住 fascinating adj. 有极大吸引力的 breathtaking adj. 令人惊叹的 unforgettable adj. 难忘的 have a good view of 一览无余 话题佳句 1.The Eiffel Tower, which is located in Paris, attracts millions of visitors every year. 埃菲尔铁塔坐落于巴黎，每年吸引数百万游客。 2.When I visit the Great Wall of China, I can't help but marvel at its ancient engineering. 当我游览中国的长城时，不禁惊叹于它古老的工程技术。 3.Even a brick wants to be something.Every building must have its own soul.—Louis Kahn 即使是一块砖也想有所作为。每座建筑都必须有自己的灵魂。——路易斯·康 Period 1　Reading and Thinking 　〈教材助读＋语基默写〉见分册本 What does the passage mainly talk about? A.The author's impressions of the food and music of Australia. B.The author's impressions of the people and culture of Australia. C．The author's experiences in Australia. D．The author's impressions of the attractions of Australia. 答案：C 答案：1.equator　2.down under　3.Food　 4．nature　5.instrument　6.complicated 1．Why did the author plan to travel to Australia? A．To do some research on the country. B．To see the Sydney Opera House. C．To visit a friend there and experience Australia. D．To learn more about the people in Australia. 2．What is the main theme reflected in Aboriginal music? A．Customs.　　　 B．Nature. C．Language. D．Food. 3．What does the word “this” in “He does this by continually breathing...” refer to? A．Blowing while vibrating his lips. B．Making the didgeridoo from a tree branch. C．Changing the shape of his mouth to change pitch. D．Playing for a long time without stopping to breathe. 4．How does the author develop the passage? A．By following the space order. B．By following the time order. C．By comparing the different opinions. D．By following the order of importance. 答案：1～4.CBDB 1．Since I arrived, my friend has brought me to my first open-air barbecue and has also shared many different but yummy meals with me, so my first impressions of Australia have been all about food！(Para.3) [分析]　本句为并列复合句。句中表示因果关系的并列连词so连接了两个分句； 第一个分句为复合句， 其中Since引导时间状语从句。 [翻译]　自从我来到这里，朋友就带着我去吃了我的第一次露天烧烤，还与我分享了许多风格各异但很美味的佳肴，所以我对澳大利亚的第一印象都是关于食物的！ 2．Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground, among which there is an amazing instrument called the didgeridoo.(Para.5) [分析]　本句为复合句。句中“found on the ground”为过去分词短语作后置定语， 修饰sticks；“among which...called the didgeridoo”为“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，关系代词which指代前面的先行词musical instruments，“called the didgeridoo”为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰an amazing instrument。 [翻译]　他们的大多数乐器其实就是在地上找到的树枝，其中就有一种叫作迪吉里杜管的、令人惊叹的乐器。 3．Although the main cultural influence since 1788 has been Western culture, minority cultures have also played a part in shaping the unique Australian culture, with many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants.(Para.7) [分析]　本句为复合句。句中Although引导让步状语从句；“with many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants”为with复合结构作状语， 其中“contributed by immigrants”为过去分词短语作宾语补足语。 [翻译]　尽管自1788年以来，主要的文化影响来自西方文化，但少数族裔文化在塑造独特的澳大利亚文化方面也发挥了作用，还有许多随着移民而来的新文化的影响。 4．It is said that now nearly half of all Australian citizens were either born overseas or have parents who were born overseas.(Para.7) [分析]　本句为复合句。句中It作形式主语， that引导的从句为真正的主语； 在that引导的主语从句中，关系代词who引导定语从句， 修饰先行词parents；并列结构“either...or...”在主语从句中连接了两个并列的谓语。 [翻译]　据说现在将近一半的澳大利亚公民要么出生在海外，要么其父母出生在海外。 I arrived in Australia on 1st October to visit my friend there.Australia, 1.located(locate) to the south of the equator，is often informally referred to 2.as “down under”． My first impressions of Australia 3.were (be) all about food！Bakeries，fast-food joints，butcher shops，cafes and restaurants everywhere provide some of the premier food experiences in the world.As a matter of fact，a lot of typical Australian food is 4.originally(origin) British.On the other hand，Asian cultures also have an influence on it，with bean curd and Asian herbs，along with the Chinese-inspired dim sim introduced. In Katherine，we learned about the life and customs of the Aborigines，who are native to Australia.I learned to play 5.the didgeridoo.I put my mouth on one end and blew while 6.vibrating (vibrate) my lips but failed, 7.which made me convinced that I could never make a musical sound with this instrument. After experiencing Australia，personally speaking, 8.what I like most about Australia is the people themselves.Their friendliness and 9.warmth(warm) made me feel at home wherever I went.I couldn't agree 10.more(much) with the tourism slogan：“There's nothing like Australia.” 1．What has impressed you most about Australia after you read the passage? Why? 2．What do you think is the best iconic attraction in China? Why? 答案：Open answers. Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记 选出与单词对应的汉语释义 1．iconic adj.　　　　　 A．符号的；图标的 2．hollow adj. B．音高 3．vibrate vt.&vi. C．中空的；空心的 4．horn n. D．(使)振动 5．pitch n. E．标语；口号 6．slogan n. F．(乐器)号 答案：1～5.ACDFB　6.E Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词 1．the north of the equator　 赤道以北 2．have an open-air barbecue 举行一次露天烧烤 3．set up her own bakery 开办她自己的面包店 4．make a joint effort 共同努力 5．butcher shops 肉店 6．the premier and fundamental conception 首要的和基本的概念 7．a straightforward character 一种坦率的性格 Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活 根据提示写出相应的单词 1．foundation [faʊn'deIʃn] n．创建；基础；地基→found vt.建立；创建 2．political [pə'lItIkl] adj.政治的→politics n．政治(学)→politician n．从政者；政治家 3．located [ləʊ'keItId] adj.位于→locate vt.找出……的准确位置→location n．位置 4．herb [hɜːb] n．药草；香草；草本→herbal adj.药草的；香草的 Ⅳ.重点短语·再现 根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语 1．The Grand Canyon, which is often referred to as(被称为) one of the natural wonders of the world, is a vast landscape carved by the Colorado River over millions of years. 2．In our university，the students who major in (主修) French are in a minority. 3．The giant panda, which is native to (原产于) central China, has become a symbol of wildlife conservation efforts worldwide. 4．Despite the distance between them, he managed to remain in contact with (与……联系)his teacher, who continued to provide guidance and support. 5．Ever since she moved into the new neighborhood, Sarah has made several friends and now feels at home(感觉舒适自在) there. Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现 根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子 1．形容词短语作状语 Located to the south of the equator(位于赤道以南), below many other countries on the globe, it's often informally referred to as “down under”．(Para.1) 2．since引导时间状语从句 Since I arrived(自从我来到这里), my friend has brought me to my first open-air barbecue and has also shared many different but yummy meals with me.(Para.3) 3．现在分词短语作后置定语 For example, “Bondi” in “Bondi Beach” is an Aboriginal word meaning “water breaking over rocks” (意为“拍打着岩石的海浪”).(Para.4) 4．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句 Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground, among which there is an amazing instrument(其中就有一种令人惊叹的乐器) called the didgeridoo.(Para.5) 5．with复合结构 Although the main cultural influence since 1788 has been Western culture, minority cultures have also played a part in shaping the unique Australian culture, with many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants(还有许多随着移民而来的新文化的影响).(Para.7) 6．“It is said that...”意为“据说……” It is said that now nearly half of all Australian citizens(据说现在将近一半的澳大利亚公民) were either born overseas or have parents who were born overseas.(Para.7) 7．what引导主语从句 Personally speaking，what I like most about Australia is the people themselves(我最喜欢的是澳大利亚人本身). (Para.8) 　　　　　　　 foundation n.创建；基础；地基；基金会 【经典例句】 (2024·浙江卷1月)This experience gave her a new sense of confidence in her abilities and laid a solid foundation for her to face other challenges in the future. 这段经历让她对自己的能力有了新的信心，也为她未来面对其他挑战打下了坚实的基础。 build/lay a/the foundation for... 给……打下基础；为……奠定基础 without foundation 无根据的 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)While reading popular science books, we can take in more basic knowledge, which can lay good foundations for our future studies. (2)人工智能将在不久的将来取代所有人类工作的看法是没有根据的，因为许多任务仍然需要人类。 The belief that artificial intelligence will replace all human jobs in the near future is without foundation, as many tasks still require humans. 　　　　　　　 located adj.位于；坐落在 【经典例句】 Located at the foot of the hill near our school, the farm, through which there is a small river flowing, is surrounded by green trees. 位于我们学校附近的山脚下，有一座农场，一条小河从农场中流过，周围绿树环绕。 (1)be located/situated in/on/at/to 位于；坐落于 (2)locate vt. 找出……的准确位置；确定……的地点；把……安置在/建造于 (3)location n. 地方；地点；位置；外景拍摄地 【单句语法填空/一句多译】 (1)Located(locate) where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction. (2)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) With over 2，500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations(locate), we make sure there is always a bike available for you. (3)四川省位于中国的西南部。它有许多世界著名的名胜古迹，如九寨沟和都江堰灌溉工程。 →Sichuan Province is located/situated in the southwestern part of China．It enjoys many world-famous places of interest, such as Jiuzhaigou and Dujiangyan Irrigation Project. →Sichuan Province, located/situated in the southwestern part of China, enjoys many world-famous places of interest, such as Jiuzhaigou and Dujiangyan Irrigation Project.(形容词短语作定语)应用文写作之景点介绍 　　　　　　　 refer to ...as ... 把……称作…… 【经典例句】 ①(教材P14)Located to the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe, it's often informally referred to as “down under”． 它位于赤道以南，在地球上很多其他国家的下方，常被非正式地称为“down under”。 ②(2025·浙江卷1月) Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. 　这种被称为“矩阵种植法”的园艺模式，旨在让大自然承担花园里更多的繁重工作，甚至完成部分设计工作。 (1)refer to　　　　 指的是；提到，说到，提及；查阅；参考 refer...to... 把……委托/交付/提交给…… (2)reference n. 提及，谈到；参考，查阅 in/with reference to 关于 【语境辨义/单句语法填空/词汇升级】 (1)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) First, a girl I met one day told me she was training for a “super，” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon.指的是 (2)Whenever coming across unfamiliar words, he would refer to an English dictionary to understand their meanings and proper usage.查阅 (3)The scientist referred her new discovery to the academic journal for publication, as it was of great significance to the field.把……提交给…… (4)The president demanded that the environment problems referred(refer) to be paid attention to. (5)About your application, we regret to inform you that you were not selected. →In/With reference to your application, we regret to inform you that you were not selected. 　　　　　　　 major in 主修 【经典例句】 ①(教材P14)However, as I major in social studies, I'm more interested in meeting people in Australia and experiencing their culture, food, and way of life. 不过，因为我主修社会研究，所以我对结识澳大利亚人并体验他们的文化、饮食和生活方式更感兴趣。 ②After graduating from high school, Sarah decided to major in environmental science at the university. 高中毕业后，莎拉决定在大学主修环境科学。 (1)major vi.　 　 　 　 主修；专门研究adj. 重要的；主要的；主修的n. 主修课程；专业 (2)majority n. 大部分；大多数 be in a/the majority 占大多数 a/the majority of... 大部分/大多数…… 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were(be) completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. (2)Emily is majoring in biomedical engineering because she aims to develop innovative medical devices after graduation. (3)在那座城市只有一小部分人没有车，而乘地铁上班的人占大多数。 Only a small number of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking the subway to work are in a/the majority． (1)the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数；“a/the majority of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词保持一致； (2)the majority of修饰的名词通常不带冠词，但若需特指也可带定冠词。 　　　　　　　 in contact with... 与……有联系/接触 【经典例句】 ①(教材P14)To survive in this vast land on the ocean, the Aborigines had to be in close contact with nature. 为了在海洋中的这片辽阔的土地上生存，土著人必须和大自然保持密切的联系。 ②Taking on this challenge will bring you in contact with someone who shares your interests. 接受这项挑战会让你接触到与你有共同兴趣的人。 (1)out of contact with...　　 与……失去联系 have/keep/lose contact with... 与……有联系/保持联系/失去联系 make contact with...＝get in/into contact with... 与……取得联系 come into contact with... 与……接触/打交道 (2)contact sb.at... 通过(邮箱、电话等)与某人联系 【单句语法填空/同义替换】 (1)Children who come into contact with nature from an early age tend to develop a greater appreciation for environmental conservation. (2)If you have any questions about the event, feel free to contact me at john.doe@example.com.应用文写作之告知信 (3)She lost contact with her best friend three years ago and has been searching for him everywhere. →She has been out of contact with her best friend for three years and has been searching for him everywhere. contact是及物动词，要表示“与某人联系”，其后直接跟某人即可，注意不要按汉语意思在其后误加介词with。 　　　　　　　 “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句 【经典例句】 (教材P15)Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground, among which there is an amazing instrument called the didgeridoo.　他们的大多数乐器其实就是在地上找到的树枝，其中就有一种叫作迪吉里杜管的、令人惊叹的乐器。 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句；如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，则用“介词＋which”。介词应与定语从句中的实词搭配，表示所属关系或部分与整体关系时用介词of，常用结构有： (1)one/two/several/most/each/all/both of which/whom (2)the＋名词＋of which/whom 【单句语法填空/句式升级】 (1)(2023·全国甲卷)One day, I read the last chapter of a book, the title of which I've long since forgotten. (2)He remembered his high school teachers, from whom he had borrowed many books. (3)She visited four different countries last summer, and all of them have rich cultural heritages. →She visited four different countries last summer, all of which have rich cultural heritages．(定语从句) →She visited four different countries last summer, all of them having rich cultural heritages．(独立主格结构) 　　　　　　　 “It is said that...”意为“据说……” 【经典例句】 (教材P15)It is said that now nearly half of all Australian citizens were either born overseas or have parents who were born overseas.据说现在将近一半的澳大利亚公民要么出生在海外，要么其父母出生在海外。 (1)在此句型中，It作形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。类似的句型还有： It is thought that...　 大家认为…… It is believed that... 人们相信/认为…… It is hoped that... 人们希望…… It is reported that... 据报道…… It is supposed that... 据推测…… (2)此类句型可以转换为“主语＋is/are said/thought/believed/...＋动词不定式”。 【单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换】 (1)The construction of the new bridge, which is reported to be finished(finish) by the end of this year, will greatly improve the traffic situation in the city. (2)人们认为他正在环游欧洲，为他的下一本书获得灵感。 It is believed that he is traveling around Europe to gain inspiration for his next book.应用文写作之人物介绍 (3)It is said that she has solved a complex mathematical problem that had puzzled scientists for years. →She is said to have solved a complex mathematical problem that had puzzled scientists for years. Ⅰ.品句填词 1．This camp helps beginners discover the foundation(基础) of drawing and writing and how to make it come to life on paper. 2．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. 3．(2022·全国甲卷) It is my firm belief that only with joint efforts can we have a better tomorrow. 4．Completing the project shall be my premier(首要的) task in the next three weeks. 5．The saleswoman was quite straightforward(坦率的) by telling me the shortcomings of the machine. 6．(2023·浙江卷1月) As I approached the farm, I was greeted by a spicy smell of the barbecue, which urged me to walk faster. 7．Traveling from the equator towards the poles, you will notice a gradual decrease in temperature. 8．(2024·浙江卷1月)She used the shadows to navigate the school hallways, find her classes, and even locate(找到……位置) the school's various facilities. Ⅱ.词块运用 1．Reading can enrich our minds and teach us to distinguish between right and wrong, which lays a solid foundation for our further learning (为我们进一步学习奠定了坚实的基础). 2．The chairman referred to many factors(提到许多因素) related to the failure of the plan. 3．While in college, she chose to major in economics(主修经济学) as she had a keen interest in economic principles. 4．The Summer Palace is located in the northwest of Beijing(位于北京西北部) and is known as one of the best ancient royal gardens. 5．With the help of the cell phone, not only can we get in contact with others(与他人取得联系), but we can also deal with some problems. Ⅲ.根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文 1．Located in Anhui Province(坐落于安徽省；形容词短语作状语), Mount Huang is a famous tourist attraction. 2．It is said that up to four million domestic and foreign tourists visit(据说有多达四百万的国内外游客参观；It is said that...) Mount Huang every year.3.With its unique peaks and odd-shaped rocks formed naturally(有着自然形成的独特的山峰和奇形怪状的岩石；with复合结构), it has been a must-visit place.The rocks, 4.some of which are named after animals or figures(其中有一些以动物或人物命名；“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句), have astonishing shapes and vivid appearances, adding a touch of magic to the magnificent scenery of Mount Huang.5.What makes it special(使它特别的是；what引导主语从句) is the rolling sea of clouds. With its lush greenery and peaceful atmosphere, Mount Huang is a paradise for those 6.seeking for adventure and connection with nature(寻求冒险与自然的联系；现在分词短语作后置定语). 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $