Unit 1 博览万象 融会中西之文化通览（Word教参）-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版）

本讲义围绕“服饰与文化”“AI与社会行为”“文学作品赏析”三大主题，通过高频词汇、话题佳句、语法填空（中国服饰历史）、阅读理解（AI礼貌）及文学选段（《地心游记》）构建学习支架，助力学生从词汇积累过渡到语篇分析，系统提升语言运用能力。 该资料突出文化意识与思维品质培养，如服饰模块结合中国传统服饰演变（军大衣回归、古代毛皮与麻布衣）渗透家国情怀，AI阅读通过心理学实验分析引导批判性思维，文学选段提升语言赏析能力。课中辅助教师多维度教学，课后帮助学生巩固词汇、分析语篇，有效查漏补缺。

服饰与文化 【高频词汇】 1．retro adj.　　　　　　 复古的 2．prevalence n. 流行 3．leather n. 皮革 4．linen n. 亚麻布 5．craftsmanship n. 工艺 6．evolution n. 演变 7．durability n. 耐用性 8．waterproof adj. 防水的 9．breathable adj. 透气的 10．rationality n. 合理性 11．weave v. 编织 【话题佳句】 1．(外研选必三U2)Through his fascination with what people were wearing, and not who they were, he opened the doors of fashion to everyone—fashion as he saw it belonged to the people, not just to high society and big brands. 通过对人们穿着的迷恋，而不是他们是谁，他为每个人打开了时尚之门——他认为时尚属于大众，而不仅仅属于上流社会和大品牌。 2．(译林选必二U4)When shopping online, you can look forward to being able to have your own virtual reality clone try on clothes and to see products with 360-degree views. 线上购物时，你可以期待能够拥有自己的虚拟现实克隆试穿衣服，并看到360度视图的产品。 Chinese military coats, a staple style in the 1980s and 1990s, have made an unexpected comeback in fashion among young people recently. 1.With their never-changing plain design and dark green color, the coats have surprisingly enjoyed 2.popularity(popular), threatening modern and expensive down coats that have dominated the Chinese winter wear market for years.The average price 3.of down coats in China exceeded 1，200 yuan. Meanwhile, a military coat generally costs from around 50 to 200 yuan. With many young people 4.purchasing (purchase) more rationally than they used to, the coats are booming. During the first millennium BCE, fur coats-known as qiu (裘) 5.were(be) the main winter clothes. Before that, as early as the Shang and Zhou 6.dynasties(dynasty), common folk mostly made coats out of hemp (大麻) or ramie (苎麻). 7.To stay(stay) warm during winter, they would stuff oakum (麻絮) and the dried flowers of reeds. Accordingly, the term cloth gown (布衣), another name for the cloth of ramie fiber, 8. has referred(refer) to “common people” for much of the country's history since then. During the Zhou dynasty, the poor resorted to suoyi coats, 9.originally(original) created from rush (灯芯草), as a means of staying warm. For those who couldn't even afford suoyi, paper coats were a popular alternative for their low price. Renowned Song scholar Lu You wrote in his poem Work on a Cold Rainy Day, “I've swept the garden, collected the leaves 10.and dug the ground to build a clay stove. Luckily, I have Chenopodium to cook with porridge, and there is no need to be ashamed of wearing a paper jacket.” Ultimately, The use of paper cloth gradually declined and vanished (消失) as cotton became more accessible. AI Doesn't Care if You're Polite to It. You Should Be Anyway. Adapted from The Wall Street Journal I often catch myself beginning my queries to a chatbot with a “please” and concluding with a “thank you.” Apparently, I am not alone. A December 2024 survey published by a famous technology platform found that approximately 67% of U．S. AI users are also polite and show gratitude toward AI search engines. In reality, AI chatbots do not appreciate politeness; they lack consciousness, feelings or a need for social manners. AIs are just designed to make us feel like we are interacting with a conscious being. From a purely practical standpoint, all those pleases and thank yous are just flushing money down the toilet. Still, there may be value that isn't immediately measurable in showing gratitude toward AI. Psychologists Robert Emmons and Michael McCullough carried out a 10-week experiment where they divided participants into three groups, asking the first to list things they are grateful for, the second to list daily irritations and the third to just keep a journal. They found that the first group reported 25% higher happiness levels, showed stronger emotional resilience and were physically healthier. Other studies have also linked gratitude to better sleep, less depression and anxiety, and greater relationship satisfaction. Gratitude isn't only a display of emotion; it actually has an impact on your biochemistry. What's true of gratitude is also true of kindness and generosity. Sonja Lyubomirsky, professor of psychology at UC Riverside also found that these small, frequent acts led to consistent and significant increases in happiness. So perhaps all of our pleases and thank yous to AI have value. Showing appreciation, even toward a machine, reinforces positive habits of courtesy, patience and empathy. In our increasingly digital and automated world, preserving these human qualities may be more valuable than the cost of a few extra kilowatt-hours. Ultimately, the beneficiary of our politeness isn't the AI at all, but ourselves. 1．query n. 疑问；询问 2．conclude (熟词生义) v．结束 3．approximately adv.大约；近似地 4．search engine 搜索引擎 5．consciousness n．意识；知觉 6．be designed to do sth. 被设计做某事；目的是做某事 7．interact with 与……互动 8．beingn．生物 9．standpoint n．立场；观点 10．flush money down the toilet (习语)浪费钱财 11．measurable adj.可测量的；可衡量的 12．irritation n．烦恼；恼怒 13．resilience n．适应力；恢复力；韧性 14．display n．表现；显示；陈列 15．biochemistry n．生物化学 16．generosity n．慷慨；大方 17．consistent adj.一致的；持续的 18．reinforce v．加强；加固；强化 19．courtesy n．礼貌；谦恭 20．beneficiary n．受益者；受惠者 答案：1.practical　2.gratitude　3.politeness Many AI users say pleases and thank yous to chatbots, a trend seen in 67% of U．S. users. While AI lacks 1.consciousness to appreciate manners, research shows 2.expressing gratitude enhances happiness, emotional resilience, and health. Such politeness toward AI reinforces human virtues like empathy, 3.benefiting users more than the machines. 1.A December 2024 survey published by a famous technology platform found that approximately 67%of U．S. AI users are also polite and show gratitude toward AI search engines. [分析]　句中“published by a famous technology platform”为动词-ed形式作后置定语；that 引导宾语从句。 [翻译]　2024年12月的一项发表在一家著名科技平台上的调查发现，约67%的美国人工智能用户对人工智能探索引擎也表现出礼貌和感激之情。 2.Psychologists Robert Emmons and Michael McCullough carried out a 10-week experiment where they divided participants into three groups, asking the first to list things they are grateful for, the second to list daily irritations and the third to just keep a journal. [分析]　句中where引导定语从句，修饰先行词experiment，从句中现在分词短语“asking the first... keep a journal”为动词-ing形式作状语；“the first...grateful for”“the second... irritations”和“the third...a journal”为三组并列的“宾语＋宾语补足语”结构；“they are grateful for”为省略关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词things。 [翻译]　心理学家罗伯特·埃蒙斯和迈克尔·麦卡洛开展了一项为期10周的实验，在这一实验中他们将参与者分为三组，要求第一组列出他们感激的事情，第二组列出每日的烦恼，第三组只需写日记。 My Uncle Excerpt from A Journey to the Center of the Earth 一个坚定果敢、具有献身精神的科学探险家同他的侄儿和向导汉恩斯按照前人的指引，在地底经过整整三个月的艰辛跋涉，进行科学探险。 Looking back to all that has occurred to① me since that eventful② day, I am scarcely③ able to believe in the reality of my adventures. They were truly so wonderful that④ even now I am bewildered⑤ when I think of them. My uncle was a German, having married my mother's sister, an Englishwoman. Being⑥ very much attached to⑦ his fatherless nephew⑧， he invited me to study under him in his home. My uncle is a professor of philosophy⑨， chemistry⑩， geology⑪， mineralogy (矿物学), and many other ologies (学科). One day, after passing some hours in the laboratory, I suddenly felt the necessity⑫ of eating, and was about to⑬ wake up our old French cook, when my uncle, Professor Von Hardwigg, suddenly opened the street door, and came rushing⑭ upstairs. “Harry—Harry—Harry—” I hastened⑮ to obey, but before I could reach his room, jumping⑯ three steps at a time, he was stamping⑰ his right foot upon the landing. “Harry！” he cried, in a frantic (疯狂的) tone, “Are you coming up？” To be frank⑱， at that moment I was far more interested in our dinner than in any problem of science. But my uncle was not a man to be kept waiting; so I presented myself before him. He was a very learned⑲ man. My excellent uncle, Professor Hardwigg, he studied, he consumed the midnight oil (开夜车), he pored over⑳ heavy tomes (大部头书), and digested㉑ huge books. There was a reason why my uncle objected to㉒ displaying his learning: he stammered㉓； and when intending to explain the phenomena㉔ of the heavens, he was in such a vague㉕ way that㉖ few were able to comprehend his meaning. In sciences, there are many almost unpronounceable (拗口的) names—names very much resembling㉗ those of Welsh villages, which㉘ added to his difficulty. He would finally give up and swallow㉙ his frustration㉚—in a glass of water. I was bound㉛ to him by the double ties㉜ of affection㉝ and interest. I took deep interest in all his doings, and hoped some day to be almost as learned as him. It was a rare thing for me to be absent from㉞ his lectures. Like him, I preferred mineralogy to all the other sciences. My uncle Hardwigg was once known to classify six hundred different geological specimens㉟ by their weight, hardness㊱， fusibility (可溶性), sound, taste, and smell. He corresponded with㊲ all the great, learned, and scientific men of the age㊳. I was, therefore, in constant communication with, Sir Humphry Davy, Captain Franklin, and other great men. But before I state the subject on which㊴ my uncle wished to discuss with me, I must say a word about his personal appearance. My uncle was fifty years old; tall, thin, and wiry㊵. Large spectacles hid, to a certain extent, his vast, round, and goggle (瞪住的) eyes, while his nose was irreverently (不逊地) compared to a thin file. The truth being told, however, the only article㊶ really attracted to my uncle's nose was tobacco. Another peculiarity (特点) of his was, that he always stepped a yard and clenched his fists (握紧拳头) as if he were going to hit you. It is further necessary to observe that he lived in a very nice house in that very nice street. Though lying㊷ in the center of a town, it was half wood, half bricks and with old-fashioned gables (山墙)—one of the few old houses spared㊸ by the great fire of 1842. My uncle was rich; his house was his own property㊹， while he had a considerable private income. To my notion the best part of his possessions was his god-daughter, Gretchen. And the old cook, the young lady, the Professor and I were the sole inhabitants. I loved mineralogy, I loved geology. And if my uncle had been in a little less of a fury㊺， we should have been the happiest of families. To prove the excellent Hardwigg's impatience, I solemnly㊻ declare that, for example, once when the flowers in the drawing-room pots began to grow, he rose every morning at four o'clock to make them grow quicker by pulling the leaves㊼. ①occur to被想到；出现在头脑中 ②eventful adj.多事故的 ③scarcely adv.几乎不 ④此处为“so...that...”句型，意为“如此……以至于……”。 ⑤bewilder v．使……不知所措 ⑥此处为v.-ing作状语。 ⑦be attached to喜爱 ⑧nephew n．侄子 ⑨philosophy n．哲学 ⑩chemistry n．化学 ⑪ geology n．地质学 ⑫ necessity n．需要 ⑬ be about to do即将做 ⑭ 此处为v.-ing作状语。 ⑮ hasten v．赶快 ⑯ 此处为v.-ing作状语。 ⑰ stamp [熟词生义] v．跺脚 ⑱ to be frank坦率地说 ⑲ learned adj.知识渊博的 ⑳ pore over钻研 ㉑digest v．理解，领悟 ㉒object to反对 ㉓stammer v．结巴 ㉔phenomena n．现象 ㉕vague adj.含糊的 ㉖此处为“such...that...”句型，意为“如此……以至于……”。 ㉗resemble v．相似 ㉘此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作主语。 ㉙swallow [熟词生义] v．默默忍受 ㉚frustration n．沮丧 ㉛bind (bound, bound) v．绑；缚 ㉜tie n．结；联系 ㉝affection n．喜爱之情 ㉞be absent from缺席 ㉟specimen n．标本 ㊱hardness n．硬度 ㊲correspond with...与……通信 ㊳age [熟词生义] n．时代 ㊴此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。 ㊵wiry adj.瘦而结实的 ㊶article [熟词生义] n．物品 ㊷此处为让步状语从句的省略。 ㊸spare [熟词生义] v．幸免 ㊹property n．财产 ㊺fury n．愤怒 ㊻solemnly adv.郑重地 ㊼此处为方式状语。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $