Unit 1 People of Achievement Reading and Thinking—Language points 同步练习 -2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册

Period Two　Reading and Thinking—Language points 课内基础巩固 Ⅰ 单句填空(每小题1.5分,满分15分) 1.The company’s 　　　　　　(commit) to reducing its carbon footprint has led to significant environmental improvements.  2.We looked up to the scientist as a shining example of devotion to the 　　　　　　(science) cause.  3.With her luggage in her hands, the girl stood looking round in all directions, but 　　　　　　(apparent) no one had come to meet her.  4.Being the coach of the new team, I had thought we were going to win, but to my disappointment we 　　　　　　(defeat).  5.The data 　　　　　　(analyse) shows that the new marketing strategy is working effectively.  6.Evidence 　　　　　　(obtain)from observations and experiments is often used to confirm a scientific theory.  7.The 　　　　　　(academy) atmosphere at the university was lively, with students actively engaging in various discussions and pursuing knowledge.  8.It is widely acknowledged that students should 　　　　　　　　　(evaluate) in terms of overall quality.  9.Good communication skills are 　　　　　(crucial) necessary when people are working in a team to avoid misunderstandings.  10.We can easily come to a 　　　　　　(conclude) that the sharp decrease of wildlife species results from population growth.  Ⅱ 短语填空(每小题2分,满分16分) 1.Remember to 　　　　　　(确保) that all doors are locked before you leave.  2.As a matter of fact, it was his carelessness as well as laziness that 　　　　　　(导致) his failure.  3.David 　　　　　　　(坚持) running as if he had forgotten his weakness, though he tripped over within a few kilometres.  4.She 　　　　　　(卡壳,卡住)while writing her novel as she didn’t know how to develop the plot further.  5.It is a pity that scientists haven’t yet 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(得出结论) on the causes of this illness.  6.　　　　　　　　　　　　 (目的是) promoting environmental awareness, our school organized a tree-planting campaign in the local community.  7.Teachers 　　　　　　　　　　　　　(在……中扮演重要角色) inspiring students’ interest in learning and helping them build a solid knowledge foundation.  8.He was so great a political leader that he 　　　　　　　　　　　　(承诺,保证) serving the people all his life.  Ⅲ 句型训练(每小题3分,满分12分) 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　, Mr Wang hurried out of his house, and drove all the way to the hospital.(upon/on doing)  一听到这个消息,王先生就急忙冲出了家门,一路开车去了医院。 2.The expression on his face suggested that 　　　　　　　　　　, so I suggested that he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  他脸上的表情表明他很生气, 所以我建议让他单独待一会儿。 3.When I went downstairs, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　I had left the car key on the dinner table.(strike)   当我下楼时,我突然想到我把车钥匙落在餐桌上了。 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 when the day comes.(honour)  当那天到来时,带你参观北京对于我来说是莫大的荣幸。 课后素养提升 Ⅳ 阅读理解(每小题2.5分,满分10分) Compared with physicists such as Marie Curie or Richard Feynman, Wu Chien-shiung is not a household name in China but she was one of the most influential nuclear physicists of the 20th century, one that “completely” changed humans’ view of the universe. Wu’s father, Wu Zhongyi, founded the first school for girls in Taicang, aiming to break the old idea that it was women’s virtue to have no talents, which had the greatest influence on Wu Chien-shiung’s life. Working in the scientific world dominated (支配) by men, she never gave up or lowered her standards even if unequally treated. After graduating from the former National Central University in Nanjing in 1934, Wu registered at the University of California, Berkeley at the age of 24 to continue her study in physics. During her 44-year career as a nuclear physicist, Wu’s pioneering achievements won her nicknames such as “Chinese Madame Curie”, “queen of nuclear research” and “first lady of physics”. She was the first woman to be president of American Physical Society, the first female winner of the Comstock Prize in Physics given by the US National Academy of Sciences, the first person to receive the Wolf Prize in Physics, the first honorary doctorate awarded by Princeton University to a woman, and the first female professor of physics in the history of Columbia University. To get accurate results from experiments, she worked very hard day and night at a laboratory and gained a reputation (名声) for accuracy. There was a saying among physicists: If the experiment was done by Wu, it must be correct. She was always very careful in experiments, spending a great deal of time calibrating (校准) instruments. She didn’t start collecting data until she fully understood the instruments. Her experiments overturned many previous experimental results and theories, said Samuel Chao Chung Ting, American physicist and Nobel Prize winner. On Feb. 16, 1997, Wu died in the US. According to her will, she was buried in her hometown Taicang. She was a distinguished world citizen, and was forever a Chinese. (　)1.What influenced Wu Chien-shiung when she was young? A.Her life in America. B.Her love for physics. C.Her family background. D.Marie Curie’s achievements. (　)2.What does the author intend to show in Paragraph 3? A.Awards are usually gained through great efforts. B.Wu Chien-shiung was “a pioneer” in many ways. C.No scientists were better than Wu Chien-shiung. D.We cannot stress the importance of physics enough. (　)3.Which of the following can best describe Wu Chien-shiung? A.Caring and responsible. B.Courageous and creative. C.Stubborn and sensitive. D.Cautious and hard-working. (　)4.What is the text mainly about? A.An influential woman nuclear physicist. B.An important contribution to physics. C.The influence of modern education. D.Nuclear researches in the scientific world. Ⅴ 完形填空(每小题1分,满分15分) Sarkar is a nanotechnologist (纳米技术专家) and assistant professor at MIT.She is conducting her research on brain diseases that 　1　 the minds of millions of people worldwide.  Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her parents as early 　2　. Her courage as a researcher comes from her 　3　, who as a young woman went against social norms (常态) in her village by 　4　 to fund her own education. Meanwhile, Sarkar’s father 　5　 her interest in engineering. Sarkar recalls her father finding time for his 　6　, fashioning devices to make home life more 　7　, including an electricity-free washing machine. “That got me very 　8　 in science and technology,” Sarkar says.  After 　9　 a Bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad, Sarkar 　10　 California to study nanoelectronics. There, she tested new ways to 　11　 nanodevices that could reduce the amount of 　12　 consumed by computers and other everyday electronics. 　13　, she made a breakthrough by developing a standout nanodevice.  Along the way, Sarkar became fascinated with the 　14　, which she calls “the lowest energy computer”. She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons (神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains. “Our brains are 　15　, but we could be better than what we are,” she says.  (　)1.A.enrich 　　　　　B.read C.affect D.poison (　)2.A.birds B.researchers C.failures D.inspirations (　)3.A.aunt B.mother C.sister D.grandmother (　)4.A.working B.pretending C.refusing D.waiting (　)5.A.protected B.switched C.stimulated D.supported (　)6.A.job B.holiday C.discomfort D.passion (　)7.A.complex B.convenient C.peaceful D.meaningful (　)8.A.interested B.honest C.lucky D.disappointed (　)9.A.starting B.earning C.needing D.introducing (　)10.A.adapted to B.related to C.headed to D.belonged to (　)11.A.create B.fix C.operate D.sell (　)12.A.water B.money C.power D.time (　)13.A.Unfortunately B.Immediately C.Obviously D.Eventually (　)14.A.computer B.brain C.exercise D.fashion (　)15.A.empty B.busy C.relaxed D.remarkable 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Period Two　Reading and Thinking—Language points Ⅰ.1.commitment　2.scientific　3.apparently　4.were defeated　5.analysis　6.obtained　7.academic　8.be evaluated　9.crucially　10.conclusion Ⅱ.1.make sure　2.led to　3.insisted on　4.got stuck 5.reached/drawn/arrived at/come to a conclusion　6.With the objective of　7.play a crucial/an important role in 8.committed himself to Ⅲ.1.Upon/On hearing the news 2.he was very angry; (should) be left alone for a while 3.it (suddenly) struck me that 4.It will be a great honour for me to show you around Beijing Ⅳ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了有影响力的20世纪的女性核物理学家吴健雄的生平事迹。 1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Wu’s father, Wu Zhongyi, founded the first school for girls in Taicang, aiming to break the old idea that it was women’s virtue to have no talents, which had the greatest influence on Wu Chien-shiung’s life.”(吴健雄的父亲吴仲裔在太仓创办了第一所女子学校,旨在打破“女子无才便是德”的旧观念,这对吴健雄的一生影响最大。)可知,吴健雄的家庭背景对她有深远的影响。故选C。 2.B　推理判断题。根据第三段“During her 44-year career as a nuclear physicist, Wu’s pioneering achievements won her nicknames such as ‘Chinese Madame Curie’, ‘queen of nuclear research’ and ‘first lady of physics’. She was the first woman to be president of American Physical Society, the first female winner of the Comstock Prize in Physics given by the US National Academy of Sciences, the first person to receive the Wolf Prize in Physics, the first honorary doctorate awarded by Princeton University to a woman, and the first female professor of physics in the history of Columbia University.”(在她44年的核物理学家生涯中,吴的开创性成就为她赢得了“中国居里夫人”、“核研究女王”和“物理学第一夫人”等称号。她是第一位担任美国物理学会会长的女性,第一位获得美国国家科学院颁发的科姆斯托克物理学奖的女性,第一位获得沃尔夫物理学奖的人,第一位获得普林斯顿大学荣誉博士学位的女性,也是哥伦比亚大学历史上第一位女性物理学教授。)可知,作者通过本段旨在说明吴健雄在许多方面都是“先锋”。故选B。 3.D　推理判断题。根据第四段中“To get accurate results from experiments, she worked very hard day and night at a laboratory and gained a reputation (名声) for accuracy.”(为了得到准确的实验结果,她在实验室里夜以继日地努力工作,并以准确著称。)可知,吴健雄是一个勤奋的人;再根据“She was always very careful in experiments, spending a great deal of time calibrating (校准) instruments.”(她做实验总是很细心,花很多时间校准仪器。)可知,她是一个小心谨慎的人。综上,吴健雄是一个谨慎且勤奋的人。故选D。 4.A　主旨大意题。根据第一段“Compared with physicists such as Marie Curie or Richard Feynman, Wu Chien-shiung is not a household name in China but she was one of the most influential nuclear physicists of the 20th century, one that ‘completely’ changed humans’ view of the universe.”以及整篇文章可知,本文讲述的是有影响力的20世纪的女性核物理学家吴健雄的生平事迹。故选A。 Ⅴ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了纳米技术专家萨卡尔的成长经历以及她所取得的成就。 1.C　根据常识和下文“She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons (神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains.”可知,她希望把纳米装置放在人类神经元之间,以提高我们大脑处理器的计算速度,由此可推断,她正在进行“影响”全世界数百万人思维的大脑疾病研究。故选C项。enrich使丰富; read阅读;affect影响; poison毒害。 2.D　根据下文可知,此处指的是她认为她早年的“灵感”源自父母。故选D项。credit…as…意思是 “把……视为……;认为……是……”。 bird鸟;researcher研究者; failure失败的人(或事物); inspiration灵感来源。 3.B　根据上文“Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her parents as early…”以及下文“…who as a young woman went against social norms (常态) in her village by…to fund her own education.”可知,此处指的是她作为研究人员的勇气来自她的“母亲”。故选B项。aunt姑妈;mother母亲;sister姐妹; grandmother祖母。 4.A　根据下文“…to fund her own education.”可知,母亲努力工作为她获取教育基金。故选A项。 work工作; pretend假装; refuse拒绝;wait等待。 5.C　根据上文“Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her parents as early…”可知,此处指她的父亲“激发”了她对工程学的兴趣。故选C项。protect保护;switch改变,转变; stimulate刺激; support支持。 6.D　根据后文“…fashioning devices to make home life more…including an electricity-free washing machine.”可知,做这些设备是父亲自己“热爱”的事。故选D项。 job工作; holiday假期; discomfort不适; passion酷爱,激情。 7.B　根据下文“…including an electricity-free washing machine.”可知,父亲做了很多设备,包括一台不用电的洗衣机,由此可推断,此处指的是能使家庭生活更“便利”的设备。故选B项。 complex复杂的; convenient方便的; peaceful平静的; meaningful有意义的。 8.A　根据上文“Meanwhile, Sarkar’s father…her interest in engineering.”可知,父亲激发了她对工程学的兴趣,此处指的是“感兴趣的”。故选A项。 interested感兴趣的; honest诚实的;lucky幸运的; disappointed失望的。 9.B　根据常识和下文“…Sarkar…California to study nanoelectronics.”可知,萨卡尔应该是从印度理工学院“获得”电气工程学士学位后去了加州学习纳米电子学。故选B项。 start开始; earn获得; need需要;introduce介绍。 10.C　根据上文“After…a Bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad…”以及下文“…California to study nanoelectronics.”可知,萨卡尔在印度理工学院获得电气工程学士学位后,“前往”加州学习纳米电子学。故选C项。adapt to适应;relate to与……相关; head to朝……前进;belong to属于。 11.A　根据上文“There, she tested new ways…”可知,萨卡尔在加州测试新方法,由此可推断,此处应为“制造”纳米器具。故选A项。create创造; fix修理; operate操作; sell售卖。 12.C　根据常识和下文“…consumed by computers and other everyday electronics.”可知,电脑和其他的电子产品应该是耗电的,此处指的是制造出可以减少计算机和其他日常电子产品消耗的“电”量的纳米器具。故选C项。 water水; money金钱; power电; time时间。 13.D　根据语境以及下文“…she made a breakthrough by developing a standout nanodevice.”可知,她开发了一种出色的纳米器具,取得了突破,由此可知,此处应是经过不懈努力后,“最终”取得突破。故选D项。 unfortunately不幸地;immediately立刻; obviously显而易见地; eventually最终。 14.B　根据下文“She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons (神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains.”可知,她希望把纳米装置放在人类神经元之间,以提高我们大脑处理器的计算速度,根据空后的“…which she calls ‘the lowest energy computer’.”可知,被称为“最低能量的计算机”应该是大脑,所以此处指的是她开始对“大脑”感兴趣。故选B项。 computer电脑;brain大脑;exercise练习; fashion时尚。 15.D　根据常识和下文“…but we could be better than what we are…”可知,我们可以比我们现在做得更好,由此可知,我们的大脑应是“非凡的”。故选D项。empty空的;busy忙的; relaxed放松的; remarkable非凡的。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $