专题03 阅读理解 说明文（期中真题汇编，福建专用）高一英语下学期

专题03 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·福建熹海中学·期中） The Bridegroom's Oak, a 500­-year-old tree just outside of Eutin, in Germany, has its own postal address and receives around 40 letters every day. They're sent by love seekers from around the world, in the hope that someone will read them and write back. With so many dating apps and services available nowadays, sending letters to a tree hardly sounds like the best way to find love. However, there's something charming about sending a letter and allowing fate (命运) to work its magic, so the Bridegroom's Oak remains popular even now. In 1890, a local girl named Minna fell in love with a young chocolate maker named Wilhelm, but her father didn't allow her to see the boy. Instead of giving up on each other, the two started exchanging love letters secretly, by leaving them in a knothole (节孔) of an oak tree. After about one year, Minna's father found out about their continued relationship, but instead of punishing them, he gave them permission to marry. The two lovers got married on June 2, 1891, under the oak tree that helped keep their romance (罗曼史) alive. The couple's story spread around Eutin, and soon, people unable to find love started writing romantic letters and leaving them in the tree's knothole. By 1927, it was already known as Bridegroom's Oak and was so popular that it had its own address and postal code, allowing people from all over Germany and even abroad to send in their letters. Love seekers visiting the Bridegroom's Oak need respect only one simple rule. They can check all the letters in its knothole, and take with them the one they wish to reply to, but they have to put the others back for other people to find. So far the Bridegroom's Oak has been responsible for at least 100 marriages and many other romantic relationships. 1. What's the Bridegroom's Oak popular for? A. Its long life. B. Its special function. C. Its good position. D. Its rare species. 2. What is Para.3 mainly about? A. The best way to find love a century ago. B. What sufferings the two lovers experienced. C. How the two lovers kept their romance alive. D. The love story behind the Bridegroom's Oak. 3. What can love seekers do with the letters in the Bridegroom's Oak? A. Reply to all the letters in its knothole. B. Read each letter in its knothole. C. Put their name at the top of each letter. D. Take as many letters away as they like. 4. What can be inferred from the text? A. Writing to the Bridegroom's Oak does work. B. Germany needs dating apps and services. C. Germans hold a firm belief in fate. D. Foreigners have little idea of the Bridegroom's Oak. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·福建德化二中·期中） Wars, disease, hunger, climate change… Our world is far from being a safe and peaceful one. You may have asked: What can I do to help? Many young people like you also dream of making the world a better place. Some of them choose to work for the United Nations, the largest and most powerful intergovernmental organization in the world. Kong Ao from Shenzhen joined the UN at 23. While on a TV show, she shared her experience working in Africa to improve people’s lives. “We built many schools in the hope that all girls there can receive the same education as boys. But no matter how hard we tried, the drop-out rate (辍学率) for girls was still high,” Kong said. She later found out why. “The girls didn’t have sanitary pads. That’s what stopped them from going to school.” “You can’t stand in someone else’s shoes and make the right decision without going to the front lines (前线) to see what’s really happening,” Kong said. Today, the UN has 44,000 staff (员工). About three fifths of them work in the fields like Kong, while others work in offices. There are also many passionate (有热情的) volunteers and interns (实习生). They are solving all kinds of problems from ending conflicts (冲突) and dealing with poverty (贫困) to protecting the environment and defending (保障) human rights. This year is the 75th anniversary of the UN. The organization said it would keep working to make our planet a peaceful, equal and healthy one. 1. There are problems the passage mentions in our world except _________. A. hunger B. wars C. fires D. disease 2. According to the passage, what is the largest and most powerful intergovernmental organization in the world? A. The UN. B. The World Health Organization. C. The WTO. D. The International Committee of the Red Cross. 3. How many staff in the UN work in the front lines? A. 44,000. B. 26,400. C. 17,600. D. Fewer than 20,000. 4. What problems aren’t the UN staff working to solve? A. Dealing with poverty. B. Protecting the environment. C. Defending human rights. D. Ending the war. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·福建莆田八中·期中） English playwright Arthur Wing Pinero said, “Where there\s tea, there's hope.” Similarly, a Chinese saying goes that “Firewood, rice, cooking oil, salt, sauce, vinegar and tea are the seven necessities to begin a day.” Tea is, without doubt, welcomed all over the world. According to Statista, a German online portal for statistics; global tea production reached approximately 5.8 million tons in 2018. It has become the most consumed beverage in the world — after water, of course. In order to celebrate the popular drink, the United Nations General Assembly has designated May 21 as International Tea Day. According to the UN, tea is much more than just a hot drink. It's a big part of many cultures around the world. You probably know that people in China use top-grade tea to show respect when receiving important guests. Meanwhile, the British tradition of afternoon tea is an important part of that country's identity. Making Malaysia's pulled tea has become a sort of art form, where drinkers take pride in its entertainment aspects. As an expression of Moroccan hospitality and tradition, mint tea — a mix of green tea, spearmint leaves and sugar — is served during gatherings and negotiations. Apart from its cultural significance, tea is also a medicine, used from ancient times to modern day. “Tea is cold and lowers the fire,” Chinese Ming Dynasty herbalist Li Shizhen once said. The health benefits of tea are still being discovered today: preventing heart disease, obesity and cancer have all been linked to drinking green tea, according to the National Center for Biotechnology Information in the US. The mania for healthy tea products continues into a new decade as it's used in moisturizers, lip balms and other beauty products. Hot or cold, bagged or loose-leaf, tea is more than a drink — it's a social custom and also a magic medicine, a link to the past and a way of life. 1. Why did the author mention the two quotations in the first paragraph? A. For they are famous. B. To show the significance of tea. C. For enriching the readers’ knowledge. D. To show tea has a long history. 2. According to the passage, people consume most in the world. A. tea B. coffee C. water D. wine 3. What does the underlined word “moisturizers” mean in the fifth paragraph? A. medicine. B. drinks. C. art form. D. cream. 4. What is the main idea of the whole passage? A. Tea has a long history in China. B. Tea has many health benefits. C. Tea is a big part of many cultures around the world. D. May 21 is celebrated as International Tea Day. Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·福九联盟·期中） Mastering the science and art of performing surgery takes years of study and practice for a human. Robots, as it turns out, can learn to do surgical tasks much faster. A new study presented at the 8th Annual Conference on Robot Learning in Germany introduced the world to a medical robot that employs artificial intelligence (AI) to learn to perform surgical tasks as well as a human. The research team from Johns Hopkins and Stanford University used a da Vinci Surgical System in the study, which is designed to perform surgical tasks while being remotely controlled by a human surgeon. The robot allows the surgeon to work with greater control and precision. Using a type of AI training called imitation learning, in which an AI learns a new task by observing and coping human actions, the da Vinci robot was able to learn the very complex set of actions needed to carry out a surgical task. Presenting the robot with a dataset that it hadn't trained on, the researchers found that it was able to perform the virtual simulation (模拟) successfully. This meant that the robot was capable of summarizing, rather than just memorizing, and would be able to manage the unexpected situations that tend to occur in a real-life operating room. “It's magical to have this model where all we do is feed it camera input, and it can predict the robotic movements needed for surgery, ” said Dr. Axel Krieger, assistant professor in mechanical engineering at Johns Hopkins and senior author of the study. “We believe this marks a significant step forward in medical robotics. ” Previously, programmers had to go through the painstaking task of hand-coding (手动编码) a robot to get it to perform the action it was being tasked with. Now, it can be trained to learn a new task in a matter of days. Though the idea of a robot surgeon may seem scary to some people, the truth is that some surgeons have been using robots in the operating room for some time now, and it has only improved the medical field. 1. What can be learned about the da Vinci robot in paragraph 2? A. Its design style. B. Its great strategy. C. Its self-taught ability. D. Its high working speed. 2. Why did the researchers present the robot with an unfamiliar dataset? A. To stress its weaknesses. B. To test its performance. C. To avoid the unexpected. D. To control the simulation. 3. What does Dr. Axel Krieger most probably describe the da Vinci robot as? A. A lost art. B. A misguided trend. C. A desperate attempt. D. A major breakthrough. 4. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. A human surgeon should rely on medical robots. B. The applications in the medical field need updating. C. Automated systems make medical care available worldwide. D. The influence robots have on medical field may be more remarkable. 5. The author's attitude toward the da Vinci robot is _________. A. Doubtful B. Supportive C. Critical D. Reserved 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·福建福州四中·期中） Don't envy(嫉妒) Warren Buffet and Mark Zuckerberg for their wealth: They may not be much happier than the manager of your nearest In-N-Out Burger. That's the conclusion of a recent study that found $ 105 ,000 to be the ideal income for life satisfaction in Northern America. Earnings past that point tended to result in a lower level of happiness and well-being, researchers found. The study from Purdue University, published in Nature Human Behavior ,draws from the Gallup World Poll(盖洛普世界民意测验) of over 1. 7 million people that asked individuals to rate their lives from “worst possible” to “best possible” on a scale of 0-10. Those ratings were then analyzed alongside reported household incomes to determine an ideal earnings point for every region of the world, what the study calls a “satisfaction point.” That point for life satisfaction varies around the world, researchers found, from $ 35 ,000 in the Caribbean to $ 125 ,000 in New Zealand. However, lead author Andrew T. Jebb said, “there's a certain point where money seems to bring no more benefits to well-being in terms of both feelings and your evaluation(评估).” Once enough money is earned to cover basic needs, people may be driven to increase earnings by comparison to others or a desire for material gains. And that, Jebb said, could prove a turning point where more money results in a lower well-being. “The small decrease puts one's level of well-being closer to individuals who make slightly lower incomes, perhaps due to the costs that come with the highest incomes," Jebb said.Those costs include increased workloads and less free time, the study notes, which might also limit opportunities for positive experiences. The research follows a much-discussed 2010 study from Princeton University, but the Purdue study goes further, its authors said, using more income figures from around the world and accounting for household size. 1. Why does the author mention Buffet and Zuckberg? A. To present a topic. B. To explain an idea. C. To make a comparison. D. To show off their wealth. 2. Which of the following curve charts shows the findings of the study? A. B. C. D. 3. How is the study carried out? A. By analyzing incomes. B. By comparing the data. C. By determining ratings. D. By making the evaluation. 4. Why does the author quote Jebb's words in Para. 4? A. To explain the reasons for the findings. B. To add more evidence to the study. C. To define the turning point. D. To make a summary. 5. Which of the following best describes the Purdue study according to the last paragraph? A. More popular. B. More arguable. C. More pioneering. D. More exact. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·福建福州四中·期中） The ability to remember and recognize a musical theme does not seem to be affected by age, unlike many other forms of memory. People with severe Alzheimer’s might not recognize faces, but can still sing the songs of their childhood, says Sarah Sauvé, a music scientist at the University of Lincoln. The effect of age on the ability to recall music has been investigated, but Sauvé was interested in exploring this effect in a real-world setting such as a concert. In her study, she tested how well a group of 90 healthy adults aged 18 to 86, were able to recognize familiar and unfamiliar musical themes at a live concert and another 31 people watched a recording of the concert in a laboratory. They listened to three pieces: a well-known Mozart piece and two new ones. One new piece had clear melodies (旋律), while the other was more unusual. Participants had to recognize a short melody repeated later in each piece. The melodic piece from Mozart was equally well recognized across all ages and musical backgrounds, with no loss of recognition as age increased. All participants were less confident in recognizing the theme in the new melodic piece, and even less confident with the unfamiliar and unusual piece, but this didn’t change with age either. The study also found no differences between concert-goers and lab participants. Steffen Herff, a cognitive (认知) neuroscientist at the University of Sydney, Australia, says the reason music memory stay strong might have to do with the emotions that music stirs in people, which helps it stick in our memory. “We know from general memory research that, effectively, the amygdala — or emotional processing — operates a little bit like an importance stamp,” he says. The study collected limited data on some participants’ cognitive health, and so did not provide detailed insights into how neurodegenerative (神经退行性的) diseases affect memory recall. But Herff says there is great interest in using music as a form of ‘cognitive scaffolding’ — that is, as a memory aid for other information — in individuals with neurodegenerative conditions. 1. What does Sauvé’s study focus on? A. The role music plays in recognition tasks. B. The difference between live and recorded concerts. C. The ability to recognize unfamiliar musical themes. D. The impacts of aging on music recognition in real-life situations. 2. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The design of the study. B. The reflection of the study. C. The results of Sauvé’s study. D. The background of the study. 3. What role does the amygdala play in memory, according to Steffen Herff? A. It helps with reasoning. B. It processes musical notes. C. It identifies emotions in people. D. It acts as a marker of importance. 4. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Music is of no use as a memory aid. B. More data is needed for further study. C. Music is useful for treating most diseases. D. The data on cognitive health is not objective. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·福建福州一中·期中） I’m a psychology researcher. Along with my teacher Thackery Brown and music experts Sophia Mehdizadeh and Grace Leslie, our recently published research uncovered interesting connections between music, emotion and memory. When you listen to music, it transcends mere hearing engagement. The areas of your brain responsible for emotion and memory also become active. The hippocampus, which is essential for storing and retrieving (检索) memories, works closely with the amygdala, the brain’s emotional center. This is partly why certain songs are not only memorable but also deeply emotional. While music’s ability to evoke emotions and memories is well known, we wondered whether it could also change the emotional content of existing memories. Our theory was rooted in the concept of memory reactivation—the idea that when you recall a memory, it becomes temporarily changeable, allowing new information to be included. We then developed a three-day experiment. On the first day, participants memorized a series of short, emotionally neutral (中性的) stories. The next day, they recalled these stories while listening to either positive music, negative music or silence. We also recorded their brain activity with fMRI scans, which measure brain activity. On the final day, we asked participants to recall the stories again, this time without any music. The results were striking. When participants listened to emotionally charged music while recalling the neutral stories, they were more likely to include new emotional elements in the story. Even more interesting were the brain scans. When participants recalled stories while listening to music, there was increased activity in the amygdala and hippocampus. This is why a song associated with a significant life event can feel so powerful—it activates both emotion-processing and memory-processing regions. Memories, much like your favorite songs, can be remixed and remastered by music. The music you listen to while looking back or even while going about your daily routines might be subtly (不易察觉地) shaping how you remember those experiences in the future. While further research is needed, our findings have exciting implications for both everyday life and for medicine. 1. What does the underlined word “transcends” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Attends to. B. Goes beyond. C. Depends on. D. Relates to. 2. What did the participants do on the second day of the experiment? A. They memorized new stories without any interruptions. B. They reviewed stories in a quiet environment without music. C. They wrote down their feelings about the stories they had heard. D. They recalled stories in different music with brain activity measured. 3. What can we infer based on the passage? A. Music has a clear impact on people’s daily lives. B. Music won’t affect people’s memories when they listen to it. C. People may unconsciously change their memories when listening to music. D. The hippocampus and amygdala are the essential parts of the brain related to emotion. 4. What might further research focus on? A. Whether music can completely erase bad memories. B. How different types of music affect memory in various age groups. C. What kind of music is most popular among people with good memories. D. If music can be used as a treatment for memory disorders in clinical settings. Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·福建仙游·期中） The Internet has become part of teenage life. There’s a report on 3,375 students aged from 10 to 18 in seven Chinese cities. It says that 38 percent of them believe they use the Internet often. While most of them get useful information and use the Internet to help in their studies, some are not using it in a good way. Many are playing online games too much. A few even visit websites they should not look at. Bad things can happen if young people spend too much time on the Internet. In order to help young people use the Internet in a good way, a textbook on good Internet behavior has started to be used in some Shanghai middle schools this term. It uses real examples to teach students all about good ways of using the Internet. It gives useful advice such as it’s good to read news or find helpful information to study. Some students also make online friends. But if you are meeting a friend offline, make sure your parents know. Teachers and parents all think the book is a very good idea. It will teach students how to be a good person in the online world. The introduction of this textbook marks a significant step towards promoting healthy internet usage among teenagers. It equips them with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate the digital world safely and responsibly. As students become more aware of the potential risks and rewards of the internet, they can make informed decisions that contribute to their overall well-being and development. 1. How many students between 10 — 18 years old in the seven Chinese cities believe they use the Internet often? A. 3,375. B. 1,282. C. 2,100. D. 3,000. 2. What do most of the students do on the Internet? A. They get useful information to help in their studies. B. They play online games. C. They visit websites they should not look at. D. They make online friends. 3. Why do teachers and parents think the textbook is a good idea? A. Because it helps with the students’ studies. B. Because it gives useful information for studying. C. Because it is used in Shanghai middle schools. D. Because it teaches students how to be a good person in the online world. 4. What is the primary goal of the textbook on proper Internet behavior? A. To engage students with entertaining internet anecdotes. B. To instruct students on safe and responsible internet use. C. To encourage online gaming among adolescents. D. To dissuade students from using the internet completely. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·福建熹海中学·期中） It's been discovered that the world's rarest seal (稀有海豹) uses hidden caves on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus to breed (繁殖) out of sight from humans. Scientists say the caves should now be protected to help the rare Mediterranean monk seals. Researchers from the University of Exeter and the society for the Protection of Turtles (SPOT), set up cameras in eight caves in northern Cyprus to monitor the monk seal population. The cameras are started by movement, so they start recording when something passes by. Between 2016 and 2019, the researchers found that three of the caves were used for breeding. One monk seal raised babies three years in a row in the same cave. There are only around 700 Mediterranean monk seals left in the wild and the species is listed as endangered. In the past, they used beaches along the north coast of Cyprus to breed but human activities such as tourism have gradually forced them to move elsewhere. In 2007, asurvey identified 39 possible breeding caves. It was only in 2013, however, that a young seal was spotted in the area around the caves. This confirmation (证实) that seals were breeding in the area inspired the team to set up their special cameras in 2016. Knowing about these breeding caves will help experts to track the seal population more accurately. The researchers now want to give the seals in the area better protection. They're hoping to make arrangements with local fishermen who set their fishing nets near the caves, which not only takes food from the seals but also risks catching the animals by mistake. The scientists would also like to protect the caves themselves from any nearby building developments. “The main breeding site we identify in this study currently has no protected status, and we are working with local authorities to try to change this,” said Dr. Robin Snape of the University of Exeter. 1. Why do seals breed in caves? A. To save energy. B. To avoid human activities. C. To get food. D. To-adapt to weather change. 2. What encourages the team to set up cameras? A. Hidden caves in Cyprus. B. Support from local authorities. C. The fact of seals breeding in the area. D. Building developments near beaches. 3. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A. Worries about seals. B. The publics expectations. C. Plans for seal protection. D. Fishermen's daily activities. 4. What can be the best title for the text? A. Newly-found Hidden Caves B. Importance of Cave Protection C. Dangerous Mediterranean Monk Seals D. Secret Cave Shelter for Rarest Seals Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·福建锦江中学·期中） Birds usually build their nests with sticks, leaves or grass. But do you know that birds are also building their nests with rubbish these years? The rubbish includes cigarette butts (烟头) and plastic bags. A group of European scientists looked into about 35,000 studies on bird nests. They found that birds have used man-made things in nests almost everywhere on Earth except Antarctica. Some rubbish seems to be helpful. This is why birds “like” putting it in their nests. For example, cigarette butts have a special smell, so they can keep insects away and protect the baby birds. Plastic bags are useful in keeping the animals warm, and other hard things, such as paper cards, can make nests stronger. However, in the end, human rubbish may only bring more harm to birds. The toxic chemicals in cigarettes hurt the baby birds. They may get sick or have shorter lives, according to a study. To make matters worse, if the cigarette still burns when the bird brings it back to its home, it may set fire to the nest. Pieces of fishing net may also trap birds, and it’s impossible for them to get out by themselves. If the baby birds eat other kinds of rubbish by accident, they will also get hurt. Our bird friends in the air are feeling the bad effects of humans polluting the environment. 1. What did the European scientists find? A. There is rubbish in the nests of many birds. B. Some people help birds build their nests. C. There is almost no bird living in Antarctica. D. Birds can help pick up rubbish. 2. What does the underlined word “toxic” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Smelly. B. Beneficial. C. Poisonous. D. Splendid. 3. How can cigarette butts “help” birds? A. They can burn other harmful rubbish. B. They can make nests stronger. C. They can keep birds warm. D. They can keep insects away. 4. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The harmful activities that humans have done to the environment. B. The harm that the environment brings to the wild animals. C. The reason why birds like using rubbish to build their nests. D. Human rubbish may bring more harm to birds. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·福建福州三中·期中） Bacteria (细菌) know how to survive all over the earth. Ask most of them where they’d truly prefer to live, and a kitchen sponge (海绵) would probably top the list. Yes, it turns out that the very tool we use to clean our plates, which is warm, wet, and full of nutritious food pieces, is packed of tiny life. Lingchong You, a biologist at Duke University, along with his team, used computers to model the complex environment of a sponge for a 2022 study. He found that sponges featuring pockets of different sizes are something that really matters for promoting bacterial growth. This holds significance as certain bacteria tend to grow independently while others demand the company of others. Within a sponge filled with holes and pockets, there exist so many different structures that everyone gets a state of satisfaction. However, it does not necessarily follow that these tools present a health risk to us as well. Bacteria exist everywhere and not all are harmful; in fact, many perform vital jobs. The important question is, therefore, are the bacteria found in sponges even worth worrying about? In 2017, Jennifer Quinlan, a professor of food safety, and her colleagues, collected kitchen sponges from 100 homes, finding that only 1 — 2% of those sponges contained bacteria linked to food poisoning in humans and the ones that did contained only small amounts of harmful bacteria. “The vast majority of bacteria on sponges do not cause illness, and they’re just going to make them smell.” says Quinlan. “Having said that, there is a possibility that if you use a sponge to wipe up raw meat that you could have some of those disease-causing bacteria on there, and studies have found that those bacteria can be separated from kitchen sponges.” This is not the whole story yet. If dangerous bacteria happen to show up in the area, the sponge’s special make-up makes it a good place for them to grow. And there’s evidence of it. 1. What can we learn from the first paragraph? A. Sponges are perfect tools in the kitchen. B. Bacteria prefer to live in dry environment. C. Kitchen sponges are good home for bacteria. D. Bacteria affect kitchen sponges’ performance. 2. What did Lingchong You find in his study? A. Why sponges are useful. B. What encourages bacterial growth. C. How bacteria react to the environment. D. Why bacteria keep company with each other. 3. What does Quinlan think of bacteria on sponges? A. Relatively harmless. B. Poorly adaptive. C. Surprisingly unpleasant. D. Widely spread 4. What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph? A. Proofs of bacterial threat. B. The features of bacteria. C. Ways to control bacterial growth. D. Research into applications of bacteria. Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·福建福州十一中·期中） The Earth is already 1.1 degrees Celsius hotter than it was 150 years ago. Though a half-degree Celsius difference in temperature increase might seem unimportant, the difference for life on Earth could be huge. Off the coast of Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is known for being large enough to be seen from space. It’s the size of Germany—a biodiversity hot spot that was once thought to be too big to fail. But over the last few decades, marine（海洋的）biologists like Hoegh-Guldberg have watched its rapid decline. Oceans are warming along with the atmosphere, since they absorb much of the excess heat from climate change. Repeated marine heat waves over the last five years have turned much of the Great Barrier Reef a terribly white color. When temperatures rise, corals（珊瑚）remove the microscopic algae（海藻）inside them, losing their food source in the process. Sometimes the corals can recover, but increasingly, they’re dying off. “Something around 50% of the shallow water corals were killed literally over a couple of months, in some cases over a couple of weeks,” Hoegh-Guldberg says. “If you extend that out into the future, we’ll get to a point where the damage overwhelms the ability of corals to bounce back. ” Marine heat waves have already doubled in number since 1980 and are expected to become more intense as temperatures rise. At 1.5 degrees Celsius, it’s likely that 70% to 90% of coral reefs will die off worldwide. At 2 degrees Celsius of warming, 99% are lost. “If we delay even a year or two more, we really are going down a pathway where there will be no return. We need to act and we need to act decisively, without question and solve this problem. ” Hoegh-Guldberg adds. 1. What do we know about the Great Barrier Reef? A. It is supposed to never disappear. B. It used to be indescribably massive. C. It is too large to be seen from space. D. It is growing over the last few decades. 2. What are the effects of rising temperatures? A. Changes in the shape of coral. B. Increasing risk of coral death. C. Growing coral recovery capacity. D. Abundant food sources of corals. 3. What does the underlined word “decisively” in the last paragraph refer to? A. Decidedly. B. Gradually. C. Constantly. D. Regularly. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. The temperature affects the life. B. Climate change causes warming oceans. C. Coral reefs face almost complete die-off. D. Extreme heat waves double greatly in number. 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·福建永春二中·期中） While most musicians work with other artists when creating their music, Holly Herndon, an American musician and sound artist who is now based in Berlin, takes a different way, working with the machine learning software called Spawn. The software uses artificial neural networks modeled after the structure of the human brain. These networks learn patterns from datasets during the training process. Based on the data, the networks create new material that includes Herndon’s own voice. When producing her album, PROTO, Holly trained datasets to write new music. The process requires the input data of music written by people or by artificial intelligence (AI). The neural networks then produce variations of that music. “Computers surprise you in a way that an instrument doesn’t,” Holly said. So what does music sound like when composed by what is essentially a robot? It sounds like music from the future! But Holly Herndon isn’t the only one exploring AI in composition. Machines have played an increasingly important role in music over the last century. The godfather of computer science, Alan Turing, developed the first computer generated music in 1951. Then in 1980. David Cope from the University of California, Santa Cruz developed EMI — Experiments in Musical Intelligence, a system that analyzes existing music and produces new pieces based on it. AI might not take over the job of the “pop star” anytime soon, or will it? Miquela Sousa is a computer-generated artist with over one million followers on Instagram. “I’m a model and singer. And I’m a robot,” Miquela said. This then raises the question: Can we reproduce creativity using a computer? Though those questions are not easy to answer, I believe the next frontier of music lies somewhere in between. I can see the path forward with a new dawn of creativity that combines human inventiveness with AI. And the next chapter of music will certainly become wonderful as music and AI become even more closely connected. 1. What plays an important role in producing PROTO? A. Holly’s special voice. B. The input of existing music. C. Holly’s rich knowledge. D. The use of an instrument. 2. Why does the author mention the example of Miquela Sousa? A. To promote deep thinking on AI musicians. B. To show the popularity of smart robots. C. To explain the tasks of computer-generated artists. D. To make comparisons between human and robotic artists. 3. What is the author’s attitude towards music co- created by AI and humans? A. Doubtful. B. Surprised. C. Confused. D. Confident. 4. What does the text mainly talk about? A. The increasing diversity of AI music. B. The development of musical composition. C. The history of computer-generated music. D. The combination of AI and musical composition. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·福建泉州·期中） Blind people have long desired for brightness, but scientists don’t have the technology. To bring that one step closer to reality, Zhiyong Fan, a materials scientist of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, developed a new artificial eye recently. The device, which is about as sensitive to light and has sharper vision and a faster reaction time than a real eyeball, may outperform human eyes. The human eye owes its wide field of view and clear eyesight to the retina (视网膜) — an area at the back of the eyeball covered in light-detecting cells. The design for a new artificial eye is based on the structure of the human eye and uses a friendly light-sensitive material. At the back of the eyeball an artificial retina is lined with Nan scale light sensors (纳米级光感器). Those sensors measure light that passes through the lens (晶状体) at the front of the eye. Wires attached to the back of the retina send signals from those sensors to the processor, similar to the way nerve networks connect the eyeball to the brain. “In the future, we can use this to replace damaged human eyes,” says the lead designer. In theory, this artificial eye could see more clearly than the human eye, because the artificial retina contains about 460 million light sensors per square centimeter while a real retina has about 10 million light-detecting cells per square centimeter. Besides, the artificial eyeball records changes in lighting faster than human eyes can — within about 30 to 40 milliseconds, rather than 40 to 150 milliseconds. Although its 100-degree field of view isn’t as broad as the150 degrees a human eye can take in, the device can see as well as the human eye in poor light. Hongrui Jiang, an electrical engineer at the University of Wisconsin, though, thinks engineers need a much more practical and efficient way to produce vast series of tiny wires on the back of the artificial eyeball to give it superhuman sight, which is super hard to achieve. 1. Why does Zhiyong Fan develop the artificial eye? A. To replace people’s real eyeballs. B. To gain a sharper vision. C. To help the blind regain their eyesight. D. To help normal eyes perform better. 2. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The design of the artificial eye. B. The structure of the human eye. C. The advantages of the artificial eye. D. The material used for the artificial eye. 3. What can we learn about the artificial eye and the human eye? A. They have the same structure. B. The artificial eye may see more clearly. C. The human eye sees better in weak light. D. The artificial eye takes in a broader view. 4. Which word best describes Hongrui Jiang’s attitude to the artificial eye? A. Doubtful. B. Favorable. C. Unconcerned. D. Satisfied. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·福建莆田一中·期中） In the 1930s, the first cake mixes (蛋糕粉) which only required water were invented and some people argued that this approach, the easiest, was the best. But others thought cooks would want to do more. The cake-mix argument may be out-dated, but its central question remains: Just how demanding do we want our technologies to be? Then what is a demanding technology? Two elements are included: One is that it is technology that takes time to master, and the other is that its operation includes some real risk of failure. Therefore, a piano is a demanding technology, as is a programming language or a machine system. However, so-called easy technologies usually require little concentrated effort and produce predictable results. Clearly, easy technologies have remade human society over the past century, but the problem is that, as every individual task becomes easier, we demand much more of both ourselves and others. As a result, we are faced with a larger number of small tasks(writing hundreds of e-mails)instead of fewer difficult tasks (writing several long letters). And, when every task is easy, nearly all people are multitasking (多任务处理). Easy technologies supposedly free us to focus on what matters, but sometimes what matters gets eliminated. Everyone knows that it is easier to drive to the top of a mountain than to hike; the views may be the same, but the feeling never is. Following the same idea, we develop into beings that can do more. However, we can’t get the same satisfaction as we expect. I don’t mean that everything needs to be done the hard way. But we must take challenges seriously, or we’ll face the danger of becoming creatures whose lives are less satisfying. 1. What makes demanding technologies different from easy technologies? A. It requires much effort. B. It takes little attention. C. It achieves intended effect. D. It deals with machines. 2. What is a possible result of easy technologies? A. More time for concentration. B. Writing much longer letters. C. Lower expectations on others. D. Doing various tasks at a time. 3. What does the underlined word “eliminated” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Noticed. B. Stressed. C. Improved. D. Removed. 4. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage? A. The Argument Over Cake Mixes B. What Is A Demanding Technology? C. The Problem With Easy Technologies D. What Challenges Do Humans Face? 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·福建永春一中·期中） New research suggests links between ultra-processed (超加工) foods — such as chips, many cereals and most packaged snacks at the grocery store — and changes in the way we learn, remember and feel. Many ultra-processed foods hit the brain rapidly when we eat them and have a strong effect on its reward system, which is involved in pleasure, motivation and learning. Those effects are similar to ones when people use nicotine, alcohol and other addictive drugs, said Ashley Gearhardt, a professor of psychology at the University of Michigan. “People have a very strong desire for ultra-processed foods and eat them compulsively and find they can’t stop eating them,” she said. The combination of high levels of both fat and carbs (碳水化合物) in many ultra-processed foods is likely why we are addicted to them. Foods in nature are often high in fat or carbs, but not both. Bananas are naturally high in sugar but you eat one and you’re good. Scientists were surprised to find that people who had been eating a high-fat, high-sugar snack also had changes in how their brains learned. In a study, four days of having a breakfast high in saturated (饱和的) fat and added sugar was linked to reductions in performance on some learning and memory tests, according to researchers in Australia. People who had a healthier breakfast didn’t have the performance changes. 1. What will probably happen if we eat too many ultra-processed foods? A. Our brains may be hit rapidly and we may get ill. B. We can never quit ultra-processed foods once we are addicted to it. C. We may find it difficult to keep English words and phrases in mind. D. We may become addicted to nicotine, alcohol and other addictive drugs. 2. What does the underlined word in paragraph 4 mean? A. Strongly. B. Extremely. C. Equally. D. Uncontrollably. 3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. Foods high in fat or carbs are really addictive. B. The intake of ultra-processed foods has a negative effect on learning. C. People who have a healthier breakfast can perform better in a memory test. D. Drinking alcohol, though has a similar effect as eating chips, does less harm to our brains. 4. How does the writer develop the last paragraph? A. Giving examples. B. Listing figures. C. Making comparisons. D. Explaining cause and effect. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·福建集美中学·期中） When we think about what makes humans different from other animals, the word “conscience” often appears. Conscience is the feeling you get when you assess (评估) if you’ve done something “correct” or “wrong”. It is with the help of our conscience that we understand the moral principles we hold. This motivates us to act on them and therefore helps us assess our character and behavior. Eventually, it helps us judge ourselves against those principles, in terms of how well we follow them. Accordingly, you avoid certain desires (i. e., eating in class) and follow the behavior that is considered correct or “right” (paying attention to what the teacher is teaching) . Consciousness, on the other hand, reflects how aware you are of your surroundings. A good way to understand this is to think of the human mind as an iceberg, as proposed by Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. The part of the iceberg on the surface represents your conscious awareness. It refers to all the things you are aware of and can easily describe. For instance, right now, while reading this article, your conscious mind is helping you make connections. The deeper level of the iceberg is your unconscious mind. It refers to aspects that you are unaware of, including your fears, violent motives, and strong desires that are hard to describe. Many researchers, like Freud, propose that morality or conscience develops when a child internalizes (内在化) the rules that their, parents set when the child was growing up. However, some psychologists, like Paul Bloom, argue that morality is something we are all born with. Bloom argues that all babies are born with a sense of fairness. The claim came from studies of adopted children with genes, who were twins and separated at birth. If they possessed the “gene” to be kind, they would continue to be kind, despite being brought up in different family environments. So, which opinion is true? We truly don’t know. While there is more evidence in the studies claiming that conscience is developed through learning and socialization, the newer ideas of it being genetically acquired from birth look promising as well! 1. What is a function of conscience? A. It motivates us to act quickly. B. It keeps record of our behavior. C. It assesses our moral principles. D. It helps us tell right from wrong. 2. In which situation does your unconscious mind work? A. You apply what you learn to practice. B. You appreciate the beauty of poetry. C. You have a fear of public speaking. D. You describe violent scenes in a book. 3. What may Freud agree with? A. Genes affect kids’ consciousness. B. Kids acquire conscience with age. C. Genetic studies promote his theory. D. Parents should set strict rules for kids. 4. What may be a suitable title for the text? A. New theory uncovers the secret of our mind B. What helps tell human being from animals? C. Is conscience gained at birth or with age? D. Consciousness improves our moral level Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·福建龙岩·期中） In our fast-paced world, music often serves as both a source of joy and stress. While it can uplift our spirits and provide comfort. it can also become overwhelming (令人不知所措的), especially when deadlines approach or pressures strengthen. That is music stress, a feeling of nervousness, worry, or unease that can come from listening to or playing music. Music stress can appear in different signs, ranging from physical reactions, such as headaches, to mental disturbances, such as anxiety and depression. In some ways, music stress is similar to more general experiences of stress. For example, both can cause effects such as headaches, and difficulty in concentrating. However, music stress is caused by a more specific form of factor — music, which tends to produce very specific types of reactions. For example, certain types of music can stir up an emotional response, such as sadness. This can lend to increased stress levels. Similarly, certain kinds of noise, like extremely loud or dissonant (刺耳的) sounds, can cause people to become overwhelmed. While this can be helpful for some purposes, such as creating a sense of tension in film, in some cases, it can be difficult to handle and might even contribute to heightened stress levels In addition, music stress can also result from the psychological (心理的) context in which the music is heard or played. If someone is listening to music as a way to evade his or her current anxiety or panic, the music can create a feeling of disappointment or stress when it can’t provide the expected effect or when they don’t listen mindfully. Understanding how music stress comes can help individuals better manage their stress levels. In general, an individual’s experience of music stress tends to depend on his or her personal preferences and psychological state of being at the time. If you have already been feeling stressed, it may be better to take a break from music entirely. 1. How does the author lead in the topic of the text? A. By giving a definition. B. By sharing an experience. C. By taking an example. D. By offering a solution. 2. What cause of music stress is talked about in paragraph 3? A. The environment. B. Listeners’ feelings. C. The music itself. D. Filmmakers’ state of mind. 3. What does the underlined word “evade” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Recognize. B. Imagine. C. Sense. D. Escape. 4. What can be the best title for the text? A. The Power of Music: a Stress Reliever. B. Music Can Sometimes Add to Your Stress. C. Music Stress Might Show Unusual Reactions. D. The Science Behind Music: a Psychological State. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·福建莆田十一中·期中） The desert of Abu Dhabi is an extremely dry place with very little water. The plants and animals in the desert must adapt to (适应) this tough condition. It has been found that many plants have special ways to store water or withstand high temperatures. Recently, researchers in Abu Dhabi’s desert found a plant called the Athel tamarisk. This tree can thrive there and actually grow up to 18 meters tall. The tree seems to use salt crystals (结晶体) on its leaves to pull water from the air. After a researcher noticed water appearing on these crystals, her team recorded videos of the plants. Later, they found out why the tree can survive in such a dry and salty desert. The tree gets rid of extra salt by producing salt crystals onto its leaves. However, this also helps the plant pull moisture (水分) from the air. This is a useful skill in extremely dry environments. The findings were reported in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The team examined salt crystals on the plant’s leaves. They found more than 10 different kinds of salt. Most of the larger salt crystals simply fall from the leaves. But they also found small crystals of lithium sulfate (硫酸锂). These small crystals stay on the leaves and take in water from the air. When the team added colored water to salty leaves, the water stuck to the crystals, and then went into the plant’s leaves. This proves that the crystals help the plant collect water. Hopefully, the discovery could help people in dry places to collect moisture from the air, or even promote rain, the team says. 1. What does the underlined word “thrive” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Die out. B. Stand straight. C. Break down. D. Grow well. 2. How does the Athel tamarisk pull water from the air? A. By removing air inside the plant. B. By producing salt crystals on its leaves. C. By growing up to 18 meters tall. D. By changing the shapes of its leaves. 3. Why did the researchers add colored water to salty leaves? A. To compare different kinds of salt. B. To examine the structure of tree leaves. C. To prove salt crystals help collect water. D. To find out how much water the tree takes in. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Water Found in Abu Dhabi’s Desert B. New Discoveries about the Secrets of Desert C. A Plant in the Desert Pulls Water from the Air D. Trees Grow Well in Terrible Weather Conditions Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·福建台江·期中） Recent studies have revealed that mice exhibit surprising care giving behaviors, similar to basic first aid, when encountering unconscious companions. Researchers observed young mice grooming (理毛), biting, and even clearing the airways of anesthetized cage mates, suggesting an innate (天生的) drive to assist. This behavior, documented in Science Advances, highlights the potential universality of care giving in the animal kingdom. The findings challenge previous assumptions that such acts are only for highly social mammals like elephants or dolphins. The experiment involved placing conscious mice with unresponsive partners. Over 13-minute intervals, the active mice spent nearly half their time attempting to revive the others. Key actions included intensive grooming, licking the eyes, and pulling the tongue aside — a behavior resembling human airway management. When researchers obstructed the unconscious mouse’s mouth with a plastic ball, helpers successfully removed it 80% of the time. These interactions accelerated the recovery of the anesthetized mice, indicating functional benefits. Neuroscientists traced this behavior to oxytocin-releasing neurons in the amygdala and hypothalamus, brain regions linked to empathy. Notably, mice familiar with their companions invested more effort, underscoring (强调) social bonds. While not equivalent to human CPR, the actions mirror instinctive responses like using smelling salts. The study’s lead, Li Zhang, emphasized that such behaviors likely enhance group survival, proposing they may exist in other social species yet to be studied. Despite the strong evidence, experts caution against anthropomorphizing (拟人化) the results. Cristina Márquez, a biologist, noted that while three independent labs confirmed the findings, wild mice might hide such behaviors due to predation risks. The study opens new avenues for exploring empathy’s biological roots, bridging art and science — much like how Renaissance artists dissected anatomy (解剖学) to perfect human depictions. Understanding these behaviors could deepen our appreciation of life’s interconnections, a theme often celebrated in fine art. 1. The word “anesthetized” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to: A. Active. B. Unconscious. C. Injured. D. Hungry. 2. What does the study suggest about the mice’s care giving actions? A. They are learned from older mice. B. They are driven by oxytocin and social bonds. C. They act as airway management. D. They occur only in laboratory settings. 3. What might Cristina Márquez agree with? A. Wild mice frequently display such behaviors openly. B. The results prove mice possess human-like consciousness. C. Further research is needed to validate observations in natural habitats. D. Experts caution against anthropomorphizing the results. 4. What can be inferred from the comparison between the mice’s behavior and Renaissance artists’ dissection of anatomy A. Both are mainly for artistic creation. B. Both help in understanding a certain aspect of life C. They have no similarity at all. D. The mice’s behavior study is inspired by the Renaissance artists’ dissection. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·福建莆田五中·期中） The sounds of rain, birdsong, or the wind rustling leaves in the forest are all part of the music of nature. These sounds can fire emotions and promote calm. That’s why tracks of nature have been used in so many songs like “Blackbird” by the Beatles. Now, Sounds Right, an initiative from the Museum for the United Nations is cooperating with Spotify and other streaming platforms to recognize nature as a musician. This means that nature can be paid royalties (版税) that can be made use of when it comes to environmental causes and conservation. This new initiative allows artists who use environmental sounds to credit “Nature” as a featured artist and share the royalties. “It’s a way of saying to artists, We all use sounds like seagulls, waves and wind. Why don’t we pay nature a royalty?” said Brian Eno, who remixed his collaboration Get Real with David Bowie. “Hopefully, it’ll be a river, or a torrent, or a flood of royalties — and then what we do is distribute that among groups of people who are working on projects to help us deal with the future.” Other artists who contributed songs for the project include Tom Walker and Ellie Goulding, MO, and alternative music star Aurora who is releasing a new song, “A Soul With No King”, that includes the sounds of a forest in her native Norway. “I feel like music that has the ability to make contact with nature seem appealing again,” she said, “because, somewhere deep inside our soul, we are really yearning for it.” While there has been a long debate on whether streaming contributes to harmful emissions, giving nature credit and royalties can turn streaming to the right side of climate action. This project is just one of a growing movement to give nature legal rights and could restore the weak relationship between humans and the environment. 1. Why does the author mention the Beatles in the first paragraph? A. To prove the key role of nature in music. B. To show the influence of music on nature. C. To emphasize the importance of musicians. D. To tell the inspiration for the new initiative. 2. What will the royalties for nature be used for? A. Human health. B. Musical activities. C. Environmental protection. D. The entertainment industry. 3. What does the underlined phrase “yearning for” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Recording. B. Desiring. C. Singing. D. Interpreting. 4. What does the author indicate at last? A. The new initiative still deserves praising. B. Streaming does great harm to the environment. C. More projects are needed to fight climate change. D. Humans have been living in harmony with nature. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·福建熹海中学·期中） The Bridegroom's Oak, a 500­-year-old tree just outside of Eutin, in Germany, has its own postal address and receives around 40 letters every day. They're sent by love seekers from around the world, in the hope that someone will read them and write back. With so many dating apps and services available nowadays, sending letters to a tree hardly sounds like the best way to find love. However, there's something charming about sending a letter and allowing fate (命运) to work its magic, so the Bridegroom's Oak remains popular even now. In 1890, a local girl named Minna fell in love with a young chocolate maker named Wilhelm, but her father didn't allow her to see the boy. Instead of giving up on each other, the two started exchanging love letters secretly, by leaving them in a knothole (节孔) of an oak tree. After about one year, Minna's father found out about their continued relationship, but instead of punishing them, he gave them permission to marry. The two lovers got married on June 2, 1891, under the oak tree that helped keep their romance (罗曼史) alive. The couple's story spread around Eutin, and soon, people unable to find love started writing romantic letters and leaving them in the tree's knothole. By 1927, it was already known as Bridegroom's Oak and was so popular that it had its own address and postal code, allowing people from all over Germany and even abroad to send in their letters. Love seekers visiting the Bridegroom's Oak need respect only one simple rule. They can check all the letters in its knothole, and take with them the one they wish to reply to, but they have to put the others back for other people to find. So far the Bridegroom's Oak has been responsible for at least 100 marriages and many other romantic relationships. 1. What's the Bridegroom's Oak popular for? A. Its long life. B. Its special function. C. Its good position. D. Its rare species. 2. What is Para.3 mainly about? A. The best way to find love a century ago. B. What sufferings the two lovers experienced. C. How the two lovers kept their romance alive. D. The love story behind the Bridegroom's Oak. 3. What can love seekers do with the letters in the Bridegroom's Oak? A. Reply to all the letters in its knothole. B. Read each letter in its knothole. C. Put their name at the top of each letter. D. Take as many letters away as they like. 4. What can be inferred from the text? A. Writing to the Bridegroom's Oak does work. B. Germany needs dating apps and services. C. Germans hold a firm belief in fate. D. Foreigners have little idea of the Bridegroom's Oak. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B 4. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了德国一棵神奇的树——新郎橡树。人们通过它来寻找爱情或浪漫关系。此外，还介绍了新郎树的来历背景。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“However, there's something charming about sending a letter and allowing fate (命运) to work its magic, so the Bridegroom's Oak remains popular even now.（然而，寄信并让命运发挥它的魔力是很有魅力的，所以新郎橡树现在仍然很受欢迎）”再结合最后一段 “So far the Bridegroom's Oak has been responsible for at least 100 marriages and many other romantic relationships.（到目前为止，新郎橡树已经促成了至少100桩婚姻和许多其他浪漫关系）”可知，新郎橡树因为它独特的功能而受到大家的欢迎——给人们带来姻缘和其它浪漫关系。故选B。 【2题详解】 主旨大意题。根据本段的主要内容，尤其“Instead of giving up on each other, the two started exchanging love letters secretly, by leaving them in a knothole (节孔) of an oak tree.（他们没有放弃彼此，而是开始秘密地交换情书，把情书留在橡树的一个小洞里）”和“The two lovers got married on June 2, 1891, under the oak tree that helped keep their romance (罗曼史) alive.（这对恋人于1891年6月2日在橡树下结婚，这使他们的爱情得以延续）”可知，本段主要介绍了新郎橡树背后的故事。故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Love seekers visiting the Bridegroom's Oak need respect only one simple rule. They can check all the letters in its knothole, and take with them the one they wish to reply to, but they have to put the others back for other people to find.（拜访新郎橡树的求爱者只需要遵守一条简单的规则。他们可以查看树孔里所有的信件，并带走一封他们想要回复的，但他们必须把其他信放回来，让其他人找到）”可知，求爱者可以读新郎橡树树孔里的每一封信。故选B。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“So far the Bridegroom's Oak has been responsible for at least 100 marriages and many other romantic relationships.（到目前为止，新郎橡树已经促成了至少100桩婚姻和许多其他浪漫关系）”可推知，给新郎橡树写信是可以起作用的。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·福建德化二中·期中） Wars, disease, hunger, climate change… Our world is far from being a safe and peaceful one. You may have asked: What can I do to help? Many young people like you also dream of making the world a better place. Some of them choose to work for the United Nations, the largest and most powerful intergovernmental organization in the world. Kong Ao from Shenzhen joined the UN at 23. While on a TV show, she shared her experience working in Africa to improve people’s lives. “We built many schools in the hope that all girls there can receive the same education as boys. But no matter how hard we tried, the drop-out rate (辍学率) for girls was still high,” Kong said. She later found out why. “The girls didn’t have sanitary pads. That’s what stopped them from going to school.” “You can’t stand in someone else’s shoes and make the right decision without going to the front lines (前线) to see what’s really happening,” Kong said. Today, the UN has 44,000 staff (员工). About three fifths of them work in the fields like Kong, while others work in offices. There are also many passionate (有热情的) volunteers and interns (实习生). They are solving all kinds of problems from ending conflicts (冲突) and dealing with poverty (贫困) to protecting the environment and defending (保障) human rights. This year is the 75th anniversary of the UN. The organization said it would keep working to make our planet a peaceful, equal and healthy one. 1. There are problems the passage mentions in our world except _________. A. hunger B. wars C. fires D. disease 2. According to the passage, what is the largest and most powerful intergovernmental organization in the world? A. The UN. B. The World Health Organization. C. The WTO. D. The International Committee of the Red Cross. 3. How many staff in the UN work in the front lines? A. 44,000. B. 26,400. C. 17,600. D. Fewer than 20,000. 4. What problems aren’t the UN staff working to solve? A. Dealing with poverty. B. Protecting the environment. C. Defending human rights. D. Ending the war. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了联合国在全球问题中的重要作用，并以中国青年Kong Ao在非洲的志愿工作为例，说明联合国工作人员如何深入一线解决问题。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Wars, disease, hunger, climate change… Our world is far from being a safe and peaceful one. (战争、疾病、饥饿、气候变化……我们的世界远非安全和平之地。)”可知，文中提到的全球性问题不包括火灾。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Some of them choose to work for the United Nations, the largest and most powerful intergovernmental organization in the world. (其中一些人选择为联合国工作——这是全球规模最大、最具影响力的政府间组织。)”可知，联合国是全球规模最大、最具影响力的政府间组织。故选A项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中Kong所说的话“You can’t stand in someone else’s shoes and make the right decision without going to the front lines (前线) to see what’s really happening (若不亲赴前线了解真实情况，就不可能设身处地做出正确决策)”和第五段中“Today, the UN has 44,000 staff (员工). About three fifths of them work in the fields like Kong, while others work in offices. (如今，联合国拥有44000名工作人员。其中约五分之三像Kong一样在实地工作，其余则在办公室任职。)”可知，联合国前线工作人员人数为26400人（=44000×3/5）。故选B项。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“They are solving all kinds of problems from ending conflicts (冲突) and dealing with poverty (贫困) to protecting the environment and defending (保障) human rights. (他们致力于解决各类问题，从平息冲突、消除贫困，到保护环境、捍卫人权。)”可知，联合国工作人员并没有致力于结束战争。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·福建莆田八中·期中） English playwright Arthur Wing Pinero said, “Where there\s tea, there's hope.” Similarly, a Chinese saying goes that “Firewood, rice, cooking oil, salt, sauce, vinegar and tea are the seven necessities to begin a day.” Tea is, without doubt, welcomed all over the world. According to Statista, a German online portal for statistics; global tea production reached approximately 5.8 million tons in 2018. It has become the most consumed beverage in the world — after water, of course. In order to celebrate the popular drink, the United Nations General Assembly has designated May 21 as International Tea Day. According to the UN, tea is much more than just a hot drink. It's a big part of many cultures around the world. You probably know that people in China use top-grade tea to show respect when receiving important guests. Meanwhile, the British tradition of afternoon tea is an important part of that country's identity. Making Malaysia's pulled tea has become a sort of art form, where drinkers take pride in its entertainment aspects. As an expression of Moroccan hospitality and tradition, mint tea — a mix of green tea, spearmint leaves and sugar — is served during gatherings and negotiations. Apart from its cultural significance, tea is also a medicine, used from ancient times to modern day. “Tea is cold and lowers the fire,” Chinese Ming Dynasty herbalist Li Shizhen once said. The health benefits of tea are still being discovered today: preventing heart disease, obesity and cancer have all been linked to drinking green tea, according to the National Center for Biotechnology Information in the US. The mania for healthy tea products continues into a new decade as it's used in moisturizers, lip balms and other beauty products. Hot or cold, bagged or loose-leaf, tea is more than a drink — it's a social custom and also a magic medicine, a link to the past and a way of life. 1. Why did the author mention the two quotations in the first paragraph? A. For they are famous. B. To show the significance of tea. C. For enriching the readers’ knowledge. D. To show tea has a long history. 2. According to the passage, people consume most in the world. A. tea B. coffee C. water D. wine 3. What does the underlined word “moisturizers” mean in the fifth paragraph? A. medicine. B. drinks. C. art form. D. cream. 4. What is the main idea of the whole passage? A. Tea has a long history in China. B. Tea has many health benefits. C. Tea is a big part of many cultures around the world. D. May 21 is celebrated as International Tea Day. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了茶在世界各地都很受欢迎以及不同国家的饮茶文化，和茶的一些其他功能。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。文章开篇点题，引用这两句话“Where there is tea, there's hope.”（有茶的地方就有希望）和“Firewood, rice, cooking oil, salt, sauce, vinegar and tea are the seven necessities to begin a day.”（柴、米、食用油、盐、酱料、醋和茶是开始一天的七大必需品。）是为了表明茶叶在人们生活中的有着重要地位。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段这句话“It has become the most consumed beverage in the world - after water, of course.”(茶已经成为世界上消耗最多的饮料，当然除了水以外)可知水是世界上消耗最大的。故选C. 【3题详解】 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在这一句 “it’s used in moisturizers, lip balms and other beauty products.”中的beauty products可推出画线这个词和lip balms等一样都属于护肤品。moisturizers意为“润肤霜”。故选D。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。本文以与茶有关的谚语开篇点题，接着又分别介绍了茶在世界各地都很受欢迎以及不同国家的饮茶文化，和茶的其他功能，比如做药，做护肤产品。最后总结。A，B，D三个选项文中虽都有提及，但只是涉及本文的一个方面，不能作为主旨。因此，本篇文章的主题是茶世界各地许多文化中的重要组成部分。故选C。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·福九联盟·期中） Mastering the science and art of performing surgery takes years of study and practice for a human. Robots, as it turns out, can learn to do surgical tasks much faster. A new study presented at the 8th Annual Conference on Robot Learning in Germany introduced the world to a medical robot that employs artificial intelligence (AI) to learn to perform surgical tasks as well as a human. The research team from Johns Hopkins and Stanford University used a da Vinci Surgical System in the study, which is designed to perform surgical tasks while being remotely controlled by a human surgeon. The robot allows the surgeon to work with greater control and precision. Using a type of AI training called imitation learning, in which an AI learns a new task by observing and coping human actions, the da Vinci robot was able to learn the very complex set of actions needed to carry out a surgical task. Presenting the robot with a dataset that it hadn't trained on, the researchers found that it was able to perform the virtual simulation (模拟) successfully. This meant that the robot was capable of summarizing, rather than just memorizing, and would be able to manage the unexpected situations that tend to occur in a real-life operating room. “It's magical to have this model where all we do is feed it camera input, and it can predict the robotic movements needed for surgery, ” said Dr. Axel Krieger, assistant professor in mechanical engineering at Johns Hopkins and senior author of the study. “We believe this marks a significant step forward in medical robotics. ” Previously, programmers had to go through the painstaking task of hand-coding (手动编码) a robot to get it to perform the action it was being tasked with. Now, it can be trained to learn a new task in a matter of days. Though the idea of a robot surgeon may seem scary to some people, the truth is that some surgeons have been using robots in the operating room for some time now, and it has only improved the medical field. 1. What can be learned about the da Vinci robot in paragraph 2? A. Its design style. B. Its great strategy. C. Its self-taught ability. D. Its high working speed. 2. Why did the researchers present the robot with an unfamiliar dataset? A. To stress its weaknesses. B. To test its performance. C. To avoid the unexpected. D. To control the simulation. 3. What does Dr. Axel Krieger most probably describe the da Vinci robot as? A. A lost art. B. A misguided trend. C. A desperate attempt. D. A major breakthrough. 4. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. A human surgeon should rely on medical robots. B. The applications in the medical field need updating. C. Automated systems make medical care available worldwide. D. The influence robots have on medical field may be more remarkable. 5. The author's attitude toward the da Vinci robot is _________. A. Doubtful B. Supportive C. Critical D. Reserved 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款能够利用人工智能技术学习执行手术任务的医疗机器人。该机器人的出现标志着医疗机器人领域取得了重大进展，使得机器人学习新任务变得更加高效，同时也已经改善了医疗领域。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Using a type of AI training called imitation learning, in which an AI learns a new task by observing and coping human actions, the da Vinci robot was able to learn the very complex set of actions needed to carry out a surgical task.(通过使用一种称为模仿学习的AI训练，在这种训练中，AI通过观察和模仿人类动作来学习新任务，da Vinci机器人能够学习执行手术任务所需的一系列非常复杂的动作。)“可知，本段介绍了da Vinci机器人的自学能力，通过观察和模仿人来动作来学习新任务。故选C。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Presenting the robot with a dataset that it hadn't trained on, the researchers found that it was able to perform the virtual simulation (模拟) successfully. This meant that the robot was capable of summarizing, rather than just memorizing, and would be able to manage the unexpected situations that tend to occur in a real-life operating room. (研究人员向机器人提供了一个它未经过训练的数据集，结果发现它能够成功地执行虚拟模拟。这意味着机器人能够进行概括，而不仅仅是记忆，并且能够处理在现实生活中手术室中往往会出现的意外情况。)”可知，研究人员给机器人提供了一个不熟悉的数据集是为了测试它的性能，看它是否能处理现实生活中手术室里出现的意外情况。故选B。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的““It's magical to have this model where all we do is feed it camera input, and it can predict the robotic movements needed for surgery, ” said Dr. Axel Krieger, assistant professor in mechanical engineering at Johns Hopkins and senior author of the study. “We believe this marks a significant step forward in medical robotics. ”(“有这个模型真是太神奇了，我们所要做的就是给它提供摄像头输入，它就能预测出手术所需的机器人动作，”约翰斯·霍普金斯大学机械工程助理教授、该研究的高级作者Dr. Axel Krieger说。“我们相信，这标志着医疗机器人领域取得了重大进展。”)”可知，Dr. Axel Krieger认为da Vinci机器人很神奇，且标志着医疗机器人的领域得到了重大的进展，因此Dr. Axel Krieger最有可能将da Vinci机器人描述为一项重大突破。故选D。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Though the idea of a robot surgeon may seem scary to some people, the truth is that some surgeons have been using robots in the operating room for some time now, and it has only improved the medical field. (尽管机器人外科医生的想法可能对一些人来说很可怕，但事实是，一些外科医生已经在手术室里使用机器人有一段时间了，而这只是改善了医疗领域。)”以及结合上文内容可知，一些外科医生已经在手术室里使用机器人有一段时间了，用于其来改善医疗领域。由此作者在最后一段暗示了da Vinci机器人已经在手术中发挥作用并推动医疗进步，暗示其影响力会持续扩大。故选D。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Though the idea of a robot surgeon may seem scary to some people, the truth is that some surgeons have been using robots in the operating room for some time now, and it has only improved the medical field. (尽管机器人外科医生的想法可能对一些人来说很可怕，但事实是，一些外科医生已经在手术室里使用机器人有一段时间了，而这只是改善了医疗领域。)”可知，作者在最后一段提出da Vinci机器人已经在手术中发挥作用并推动医疗进步，因此作者对da Vinci机器人的态度是支持的，故选B。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·福建福州四中·期中） Don't envy(嫉妒) Warren Buffet and Mark Zuckerberg for their wealth: They may not be much happier than the manager of your nearest In-N-Out Burger. That's the conclusion of a recent study that found $ 105 ,000 to be the ideal income for life satisfaction in Northern America. Earnings past that point tended to result in a lower level of happiness and well-being, researchers found. The study from Purdue University, published in Nature Human Behavior ,draws from the Gallup World Poll(盖洛普世界民意测验) of over 1. 7 million people that asked individuals to rate their lives from “worst possible” to “best possible” on a scale of 0-10. Those ratings were then analyzed alongside reported household incomes to determine an ideal earnings point for every region of the world, what the study calls a “satisfaction point.” That point for life satisfaction varies around the world, researchers found, from $ 35 ,000 in the Caribbean to $ 125 ,000 in New Zealand. However, lead author Andrew T. Jebb said, “there's a certain point where money seems to bring no more benefits to well-being in terms of both feelings and your evaluation(评估).” Once enough money is earned to cover basic needs, people may be driven to increase earnings by comparison to others or a desire for material gains. And that, Jebb said, could prove a turning point where more money results in a lower well-being. “The small decrease puts one's level of well-being closer to individuals who make slightly lower incomes, perhaps due to the costs that come with the highest incomes," Jebb said.Those costs include increased workloads and less free time, the study notes, which might also limit opportunities for positive experiences. The research follows a much-discussed 2010 study from Princeton University, but the Purdue study goes further, its authors said, using more income figures from around the world and accounting for household size. 1. Why does the author mention Buffet and Zuckberg? A. To present a topic. B. To explain an idea. C. To make a comparison. D. To show off their wealth. 2. Which of the following curve charts shows the findings of the study? A. B. C. D. 3. How is the study carried out? A. By analyzing incomes. B. By comparing the data. C. By determining ratings. D. By making the evaluation. 4. Why does the author quote Jebb's words in Para. 4? A. To explain the reasons for the findings. B. To add more evidence to the study. C. To define the turning point. D. To make a summary. 5. Which of the following best describes the Purdue study according to the last paragraph? A. More popular. B. More arguable. C. More pioneering. D. More exact. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了普渡大学的一项研究发现，当收入超过一定水平后，往往会导致幸福感降低，并分析了其原因。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Don't envy(嫉妒) Warren Buffet and Mark Zuckerberg for their wealth: They may not be much happier than the manager of your nearest In-N-Out Burger.(不要羡慕沃伦·巴菲特和马克·扎克伯格的财富：他们可能不会比你家最近的In-N-Out汉堡的经理更幸福) ”和“Earnings past that point tended to result in a lower level of happiness and well-being, researchers found.(研究人员发现，收入超过这一水平往往会导致幸福感较低)”可推知，作者提沃伦·巴菲特和马克·扎克伯格的目的是为了引出本文的话题：收入超过一定水平后，往往会导致幸福感降低。故选A项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“That's the conclusion of a recent study that found $ 105 ,000 to be the ideal income for life satisfaction in Northern America. Earnings past that point tended to result in a lower level of happiness and well-being, researchers found.(这是最近的一项研究得出的结论，该研究发现，在北美，10.5万美元是生活满意度的理想收入。研究人员发现，收入超过这一水平往往会导致幸福感降低)”可推知，研究的结论是：当收入达到一个点之后，它不再给人们增加幸福感，反而会导致幸福感降低，C项图表展示了这一关系。故选C项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The study from Purdue University, published in Nature Human Behavior, draws from the Gallup World Poll of over 1.7 million people that asked individuals to rate their lives from ‘worst possible’ to ‘best possible’ on a scale of 0-10. Those ratings were then analyzed alongside reported household incomes to determine an ideal earnings point for every region of the world, what the study calls a ‘satisfaction point.’ (普渡大学的这项研究发表在《自然人类行为》杂志上，它是根据盖洛普世界民意调查得出的。700万人被要求给自己的生活评级，从‘可能最差’到‘可能最好’，评分范围从0到10。然后，这些评级与报告的家庭收入一起进行分析，以确定世界每个地区的理想收入点，该研究称这一理想收入点为‘满意点’)”可知，这一研究做两件事情，第一让被调查对象对自己的生活满意度进行评级，第二把他们的评级与其报告的家庭收入进行比对分析，所以该研究主要是通过数据比较来进行的。故选B项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“‘The small decrease puts one's level of well-being closer to individuals who make slightly lower incomes, perhaps due to the costs that come with the highest incomes,’ Jebb said.Those costs include increased workloads and less free time, the study notes, which might also limit opportunities for positive experiences.(杰布说：‘这种小幅下降会让一个人的幸福水平更接近那些收入稍低的人，这可能是由于伴随高收入的代价。’研究指出，这些代价包括工作量的增加和空闲时间的减少，这可能也限制了获得积极体验的机会)”可推知， Jebb 的话说明了高收入导致幸福感下降的原因：伴随高收入的代价。作者引用Jebb的话来解释为什么高收入导致幸福感下降。故选A项。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“The research follows a much-discussed 2010 study from Princeton University, but the Purdue study goes further, its authors said, using more income figures from around the world and accounting for household size.(这项研究是在2010年普林斯顿大学一项备受争议的研究之后进行的，但普渡大学的研究更深入，作者说，它使用了来自世界各地的更多收入数据，并考虑了家庭规模)”可知，普渡大学的研究使用了更多的数据，考虑得更全面，所以更准确。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·福建福州四中·期中） The ability to remember and recognize a musical theme does not seem to be affected by age, unlike many other forms of memory. People with severe Alzheimer’s might not recognize faces, but can still sing the songs of their childhood, says Sarah Sauvé, a music scientist at the University of Lincoln. The effect of age on the ability to recall music has been investigated, but Sauvé was interested in exploring this effect in a real-world setting such as a concert. In her study, she tested how well a group of 90 healthy adults aged 18 to 86, were able to recognize familiar and unfamiliar musical themes at a live concert and another 31 people watched a recording of the concert in a laboratory. They listened to three pieces: a well-known Mozart piece and two new ones. One new piece had clear melodies (旋律), while the other was more unusual. Participants had to recognize a short melody repeated later in each piece. The melodic piece from Mozart was equally well recognized across all ages and musical backgrounds, with no loss of recognition as age increased. All participants were less confident in recognizing the theme in the new melodic piece, and even less confident with the unfamiliar and unusual piece, but this didn’t change with age either. The study also found no differences between concert-goers and lab participants. Steffen Herff, a cognitive (认知) neuroscientist at the University of Sydney, Australia, says the reason music memory stay strong might have to do with the emotions that music stirs in people, which helps it stick in our memory. “We know from general memory research that, effectively, the amygdala — or emotional processing — operates a little bit like an importance stamp,” he says. The study collected limited data on some participants’ cognitive health, and so did not provide detailed insights into how neurodegenerative (神经退行性的) diseases affect memory recall. But Herff says there is great interest in using music as a form of ‘cognitive scaffolding’ — that is, as a memory aid for other information — in individuals with neurodegenerative conditions. 1. What does Sauvé’s study focus on? A. The role music plays in recognition tasks. B. The difference between live and recorded concerts. C. The ability to recognize unfamiliar musical themes. D. The impacts of aging on music recognition in real-life situations. 2. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The design of the study. B. The reflection of the study. C. The results of Sauvé’s study. D. The background of the study. 3. What role does the amygdala play in memory, according to Steffen Herff? A. It helps with reasoning. B. It processes musical notes. C. It identifies emotions in people. D. It acts as a marker of importance. 4. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Music is of no use as a memory aid. B. More data is needed for further study. C. Music is useful for treating most diseases. D. The data on cognitive health is not objective. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. D 4. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了与许多其他形式的记忆不同，记忆和识别音乐主题的能力似乎不受年龄的影响。林肯大学的音乐科学家Sauvé说，患有严重阿尔茨海默氏症的人可能认不出面孔，但仍然可以唱他们童年的歌曲。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The effect of age on the ability to recall music has been investigated, but Sauvé was interested in exploring this effect in a real-world setting such as a concert. (年龄对回忆音乐能力的影响已经被研究过，但Sauvé更感兴趣的是在现实环境中探索这种影响，比如音乐会。)”可知，Sauvé的研究重点是在现实生活场景（如音乐会）中，年龄对音乐识别能力的影响。故选D项。 【2题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“In her study, she tested how well a group of 90 healthy adults aged 18 to 86, were able to recognize familiar and unfamiliar musical themes at a live concert and another 31 people watched a recording of the concert in a laboratory. They listened to three pieces: a well-known Mozart piece and two new ones. One new piece had clear melodies (旋律), while the other was more unusual. Participants had to recognize a short melody repeated later in each piece. (在她的研究中，她测试了90名年龄在18岁到86岁之间的健康成年人在现场音乐会中识别熟悉和不熟悉的音乐主题的能力，另外31人在实验室里观看了音乐会的录音。他们听了三首曲子：一首著名的莫扎特作品和两首新作品。一首新歌有清晰的旋律，而另一首则更不寻常。参与者必须辨认出随后在每首曲子中重复出现的一段短旋律。)”可知，第三段主要描述了Sauvé研究的具体操作过程，包括测试对象（90 名 18 - 86 岁的健康成年人以及另外 31 人）、测试方式（在现场音乐会和实验室观看音乐会录像）、测试内容（听三首曲子并识别重复旋律）等，这是研究的设计部分。故选A项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段Steffen Herff 所说的话“We know from general memory research that, effectively, the amygdala—or emotional processing—operates a little bit like an importance stamp. (我们从一般的记忆研究中知道，杏仁核——或情绪处理——实际上有点像一个重要的印记。)” 可知，杏仁核（情绪处理）有点像一个重要性印章，即它起着重要性标记的作用。故选D项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The study collected limited data on some participants’ cognitive health, and so did not provide detailed insights into how neurodegenerative (神经退行性的) diseases affect memory recall. But Herff says there is great interest in using music as a form of ‘cognitive scaffolding’—that is, as a memory aid for other information—in individuals with neurodegenerative conditions. (该研究收集了一些参与者认知健康的有限数据，因此没有提供神经退行性疾病如何影响记忆回忆的详细见解。但Herff说，人们对将音乐作为一种“认知支架”——也就是说，作为神经退行性疾病患者记忆其他信息的辅助手段——产生了极大的兴趣。)”最后一段提到研究收集的关于一些参与者认知健康的数据有限，没有提供关于神经退行性疾病如何影响记忆回忆的详细见解，这意味着需要更多数据进行进一步研究。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·福建福州一中·期中） I’m a psychology researcher. Along with my teacher Thackery Brown and music experts Sophia Mehdizadeh and Grace Leslie, our recently published research uncovered interesting connections between music, emotion and memory. When you listen to music, it transcends mere hearing engagement. The areas of your brain responsible for emotion and memory also become active. The hippocampus, which is essential for storing and retrieving (检索) memories, works closely with the amygdala, the brain’s emotional center. This is partly why certain songs are not only memorable but also deeply emotional. While music’s ability to evoke emotions and memories is well known, we wondered whether it could also change the emotional content of existing memories. Our theory was rooted in the concept of memory reactivation—the idea that when you recall a memory, it becomes temporarily changeable, allowing new information to be included. We then developed a three-day experiment. On the first day, participants memorized a series of short, emotionally neutral (中性的) stories. The next day, they recalled these stories while listening to either positive music, negative music or silence. We also recorded their brain activity with fMRI scans, which measure brain activity. On the final day, we asked participants to recall the stories again, this time without any music. The results were striking. When participants listened to emotionally charged music while recalling the neutral stories, they were more likely to include new emotional elements in the story. Even more interesting were the brain scans. When participants recalled stories while listening to music, there was increased activity in the amygdala and hippocampus. This is why a song associated with a significant life event can feel so powerful—it activates both emotion-processing and memory-processing regions. Memories, much like your favorite songs, can be remixed and remastered by music. The music you listen to while looking back or even while going about your daily routines might be subtly (不易察觉地) shaping how you remember those experiences in the future. While further research is needed, our findings have exciting implications for both everyday life and for medicine. 1. What does the underlined word “transcends” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Attends to. B. Goes beyond. C. Depends on. D. Relates to. 2. What did the participants do on the second day of the experiment? A. They memorized new stories without any interruptions. B. They reviewed stories in a quiet environment without music. C. They wrote down their feelings about the stories they had heard. D. They recalled stories in different music with brain activity measured. 3. What can we infer based on the passage? A. Music has a clear impact on people’s daily lives. B. Music won’t affect people’s memories when they listen to it. C. People may unconsciously change their memories when listening to music. D. The hippocampus and amygdala are the essential parts of the brain related to emotion. 4. What might further research focus on? A. Whether music can completely erase bad memories. B. How different types of music affect memory in various age groups. C. What kind of music is most popular among people with good memories. D. If music can be used as a treatment for memory disorders in clinical settings. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了音乐与情感、记忆的联系及相关实验和发现。 【1题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“The areas of your brain responsible for emotion and memory also become active.(你大脑中负责情感和记忆的区域也变得活跃起来)”可知，听音乐时不仅仅是（超越了）听觉上的参与，大脑中负责情感和记忆的区域也会参与进来。由此可推测，transcends意思是“超越”，与“Goes beyond.”意思相近。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“The next day, they recalled these stories while listening to either positive music, negative music or silence. We also recorded their brain activity with fMRI scans, which measure brain activity.(第二天，他们在听积极的音乐、消极的音乐或处于安静状态时回忆这些故事。我们还通过功能性磁共振成像扫描记录了他们的大脑活动，这种扫描可以测量大脑活动)”可知，在实验的第二天，参与者在不同音乐环境下回忆故事，并测量了他们的大脑活动。故选D。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Memories, much like your favorite songs, can be remixed and remastered by music. The music you listen to while looking back or even while going about your daily routines might be subtly (不易察觉地) shaping how you remember those experiences in the future.(记忆，就像你最喜欢的歌曲一样，可以被音乐重新混音和重新制作。当你回忆往事时，甚至在你进行日常生活时所听的音乐，可能会在不知不觉中塑造你未来对这些经历的记忆方式)”可知，你在回顾过去甚至在日常生活中听的音乐，可能会微妙地影响你将来如何记住这些经历。由此可推断出，人们在听音乐时可能会无意识地改变他们的记忆。故选C。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While further research is needed, our findings have exciting implications for both everyday life and for medicine.(虽然还需要进一步的研究，但我们的发现对日常生活和医学都有令人兴奋的意义)”可推知，进一步的研究可能会关注音乐是否可以在临床环境中作为治疗记忆障碍的一种方法。故选D。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·福建仙游·期中） The Internet has become part of teenage life. There’s a report on 3,375 students aged from 10 to 18 in seven Chinese cities. It says that 38 percent of them believe they use the Internet often. While most of them get useful information and use the Internet to help in their studies, some are not using it in a good way. Many are playing online games too much. A few even visit websites they should not look at. Bad things can happen if young people spend too much time on the Internet. In order to help young people use the Internet in a good way, a textbook on good Internet behavior has started to be used in some Shanghai middle schools this term. It uses real examples to teach students all about good ways of using the Internet. It gives useful advice such as it’s good to read news or find helpful information to study. Some students also make online friends. But if you are meeting a friend offline, make sure your parents know. Teachers and parents all think the book is a very good idea. It will teach students how to be a good person in the online world. The introduction of this textbook marks a significant step towards promoting healthy internet usage among teenagers. It equips them with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate the digital world safely and responsibly. As students become more aware of the potential risks and rewards of the internet, they can make informed decisions that contribute to their overall well-being and development. 1. How many students between 10 — 18 years old in the seven Chinese cities believe they use the Internet often? A. 3,375. B. 1,282. C. 2,100. D. 3,000. 2. What do most of the students do on the Internet? A. They get useful information to help in their studies. B. They play online games. C. They visit websites they should not look at. D. They make online friends. 3. Why do teachers and parents think the textbook is a good idea? A. Because it helps with the students’ studies. B. Because it gives useful information for studying. C. Because it is used in Shanghai middle schools. D. Because it teaches students how to be a good person in the online world. 4. What is the primary goal of the textbook on proper Internet behavior? A. To engage students with entertaining internet anecdotes. B. To instruct students on safe and responsible internet use. C. To encourage online gaming among adolescents. D. To dissuade students from using the internet completely. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了一份调查报告揭示的中国青少年网络使用现状，并介绍了上海部分中学采用一本网络行为教材，培养青少年成为网络世界的负责任使用者。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“There’s a report on 3,375 students aged from 10 to 18 in seven Chinese cities. It says that 38 percent of them believe they use the Internet often. (中国七座城市的3375名10至18岁学生参与的调查报告显示，其中38%的受访者认为自己经常使用互联网)”可知，1282名(≈3375×38%)10到18岁的学生认为自己经常使用互联网。故选B项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“While most of them get useful information and use the Internet to help in their studies (虽然大多数人获取有用信息并利用互联网辅助学习)”可知，大多数学生在网上获取有用信息以辅助学习。故选A项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Teachers and parents all think the book is a very good idea. It will teach students how to be a good person in the online world. (教师和家长都认为这本书很好，它能教学生如何在网络世界做好人)”可知，教师和家长这样认为是因为它教导学生如何在网络世界做好人。故选D项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The introduction of this textbook marks a significant step towards promoting healthy internet usage among teenagers. It equips them with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate the digital world safely and responsibly. (该教材的推出标志着在促进青少年健康上网方面迈出了重要一步。它为青少年提供了安全、负责任地遨游数字世界所需的知识和工具)”可推知，这本教材的主要目标是指导学生安全且负责任地使用互联网。故选B项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·福建熹海中学·期中） It's been discovered that the world's rarest seal (稀有海豹) uses hidden caves on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus to breed (繁殖) out of sight from humans. Scientists say the caves should now be protected to help the rare Mediterranean monk seals. Researchers from the University of Exeter and the society for the Protection of Turtles (SPOT), set up cameras in eight caves in northern Cyprus to monitor the monk seal population. The cameras are started by movement, so they start recording when something passes by. Between 2016 and 2019, the researchers found that three of the caves were used for breeding. One monk seal raised babies three years in a row in the same cave. There are only around 700 Mediterranean monk seals left in the wild and the species is listed as endangered. In the past, they used beaches along the north coast of Cyprus to breed but human activities such as tourism have gradually forced them to move elsewhere. In 2007, asurvey identified 39 possible breeding caves. It was only in 2013, however, that a young seal was spotted in the area around the caves. This confirmation (证实) that seals were breeding in the area inspired the team to set up their special cameras in 2016. Knowing about these breeding caves will help experts to track the seal population more accurately. The researchers now want to give the seals in the area better protection. They're hoping to make arrangements with local fishermen who set their fishing nets near the caves, which not only takes food from the seals but also risks catching the animals by mistake. The scientists would also like to protect the caves themselves from any nearby building developments. “The main breeding site we identify in this study currently has no protected status, and we are working with local authorities to try to change this,” said Dr. Robin Snape of the University of Exeter. 1. Why do seals breed in caves? A. To save energy. B. To avoid human activities. C. To get food. D. To-adapt to weather change. 2. What encourages the team to set up cameras? A. Hidden caves in Cyprus. B. Support from local authorities. C. The fact of seals breeding in the area. D. Building developments near beaches. 3. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A. Worries about seals. B. The publics expectations. C. Plans for seal protection. D. Fishermen's daily activities. 4. What can be the best title for the text? A. Newly-found Hidden Caves B. Importance of Cave Protection C. Dangerous Mediterranean Monk Seals D. Secret Cave Shelter for Rarest Seals 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了相关研究人员对稀有的僧海豹的研究。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。通过文章首段“It's been discovered that the world's rarest seal uses hidden caves on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus to breed out of sight from humans. (人们发现，世界上最稀有的海豹利用地中海塞浦路斯岛上的隐藏洞穴在人类视线之外繁殖)”可知，海豹在洞穴里繁殖是为了远离人类活动。故选B项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。通过文章第四段“This confirmation that seals were breeding in the area inspired the team to set up their special cameras in 2016. (证实了海豹在该地区繁殖的事实促使研究小组在2016年设置了他们的特殊摄像机)”可知，海豹在该地区繁殖的事实鼓励了团队设置摄像头。故选C项。 【3题详解】 主旨大意题。通过文章最后一段“The researchers now want to give the seals in the area better protection. (研究人员现在想给这个地区的海豹更好的保护)”以及“The main breeding site we identify in this study currently has no protected status, and we are working with local authorities to try to change this (我们在这项研究中确定的主要繁殖地点目前没有保护的状态，我们正与当地政府合作，试图改变这一点)”可知，本文的最后一段主要讲了研究人员的海豹保护计划。故选C项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章首段“the world's rarest seal uses hidden caves (世界上最稀有的海豹使用隐藏的洞穴)”以及文章第四段“Knowing about these breeding caves will help experts to track the seal population more accurately. (了解这些繁殖洞穴将有助于专家更准确地追踪海豹种群)”可知，本文主要介绍了研究者们找到了稀有海豹的秘密洞穴。D项“藏匿稀有海豹的秘密洞穴”符合文意，最适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·福建锦江中学·期中） Birds usually build their nests with sticks, leaves or grass. But do you know that birds are also building their nests with rubbish these years? The rubbish includes cigarette butts (烟头) and plastic bags. A group of European scientists looked into about 35,000 studies on bird nests. They found that birds have used man-made things in nests almost everywhere on Earth except Antarctica. Some rubbish seems to be helpful. This is why birds “like” putting it in their nests. For example, cigarette butts have a special smell, so they can keep insects away and protect the baby birds. Plastic bags are useful in keeping the animals warm, and other hard things, such as paper cards, can make nests stronger. However, in the end, human rubbish may only bring more harm to birds. The toxic chemicals in cigarettes hurt the baby birds. They may get sick or have shorter lives, according to a study. To make matters worse, if the cigarette still burns when the bird brings it back to its home, it may set fire to the nest. Pieces of fishing net may also trap birds, and it’s impossible for them to get out by themselves. If the baby birds eat other kinds of rubbish by accident, they will also get hurt. Our bird friends in the air are feeling the bad effects of humans polluting the environment. 1. What did the European scientists find? A. There is rubbish in the nests of many birds. B. Some people help birds build their nests. C. There is almost no bird living in Antarctica. D. Birds can help pick up rubbish. 2. What does the underlined word “toxic” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Smelly. B. Beneficial. C. Poisonous. D. Splendid. 3. How can cigarette butts “help” birds? A. They can burn other harmful rubbish. B. They can make nests stronger. C. They can keep birds warm. D. They can keep insects away. 4. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The harmful activities that humans have done to the environment. B. The harm that the environment brings to the wild animals. C. The reason why birds like using rubbish to build their nests. D. Human rubbish may bring more harm to birds. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对于鸟类在筑巢时使用垃圾这一现象进行了介绍，特别是探讨了鸟类为何会利用像烟头和塑料袋等人造物品筑巢，以及这一行为背后对鸟类产生的正反两面影响。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They found that birds have used man-made things in nests almost everywhere on Earth except Antarctica.”（他们发现除了南极洲之外，几乎地球上所有地方的鸟巢中都有人造物品）可知，欧洲科学家发现许多鸟类的巢穴中有垃圾。故选A项。 【2题详解】 词义推测题。根据文章第三段“The toxic chemicals in cigarettes hurt the baby birds.”（烟头中的toxic化学物质伤害幼鸟）可知，有毒的化学物质会伤害幼鸟。toxic的意思是“有毒的”，与C项“Poisonous”同义。故选C项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“For example, cigarette butts have a special smell, so they can keep insects away and protect the baby birds.”（例如，烟头有一种特殊的味道，可以驱赶昆虫，保护幼鸟）可知，烟头可以帮助鸟类是因为它们能驱赶昆虫。故选D项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“To make matters worse, if the cigarette still burns when the bird brings it back to its home, it may set fire to the nest. Pieces of fishing net may also trap birds, and it’s impossible for them to get out by themselves. If the baby birds eat other kinds of rubbish by accident, they will also get hurt. Our bird friends in the air are feeling the bad effects of humans polluting the environment.”（更糟糕的是，如果烟还在燃烧，当鸟把它带回它的家，它可能会点燃鸟巢。渔网的碎片也可能困住鸟类，它们不可能自己出来。如果幼鸟不小心吃了其他种类的垃圾，它们也会受伤。我们在空中的鸟朋友正在感受人类污染环境的不良影响。）可知，第四段主要关于人类的垃圾可能会给鸟类带来更多的伤害。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·福建福州三中·期中） Bacteria (细菌) know how to survive all over the earth. Ask most of them where they’d truly prefer to live, and a kitchen sponge (海绵) would probably top the list. Yes, it turns out that the very tool we use to clean our plates, which is warm, wet, and full of nutritious food pieces, is packed of tiny life. Lingchong You, a biologist at Duke University, along with his team, used computers to model the complex environment of a sponge for a 2022 study. He found that sponges featuring pockets of different sizes are something that really matters for promoting bacterial growth. This holds significance as certain bacteria tend to grow independently while others demand the company of others. Within a sponge filled with holes and pockets, there exist so many different structures that everyone gets a state of satisfaction. However, it does not necessarily follow that these tools present a health risk to us as well. Bacteria exist everywhere and not all are harmful; in fact, many perform vital jobs. The important question is, therefore, are the bacteria found in sponges even worth worrying about? In 2017, Jennifer Quinlan, a professor of food safety, and her colleagues, collected kitchen sponges from 100 homes, finding that only 1 — 2% of those sponges contained bacteria linked to food poisoning in humans and the ones that did contained only small amounts of harmful bacteria. “The vast majority of bacteria on sponges do not cause illness, and they’re just going to make them smell.” says Quinlan. “Having said that, there is a possibility that if you use a sponge to wipe up raw meat that you could have some of those disease-causing bacteria on there, and studies have found that those bacteria can be separated from kitchen sponges.” This is not the whole story yet. If dangerous bacteria happen to show up in the area, the sponge’s special make-up makes it a good place for them to grow. And there’s evidence of it. 1. What can we learn from the first paragraph? A. Sponges are perfect tools in the kitchen. B. Bacteria prefer to live in dry environment. C. Kitchen sponges are good home for bacteria. D. Bacteria affect kitchen sponges’ performance. 2. What did Lingchong You find in his study? A. Why sponges are useful. B. What encourages bacterial growth. C. How bacteria react to the environment. D. Why bacteria keep company with each other. 3. What does Quinlan think of bacteria on sponges? A. Relatively harmless. B. Poorly adaptive. C. Surprisingly unpleasant. D. Widely spread 4. What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph? A. Proofs of bacterial threat. B. The features of bacteria. C. Ways to control bacterial growth. D. Research into applications of bacteria. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了细菌在厨房海绵中的生存情况，包括细菌的生长环境、种类、对人类的潜在影响以及海绵的特殊结构如何成为细菌生长的理想场所。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Bacteria (细菌) know how to survive all over the earth. Ask most of them where they’d truly prefer to live, and a kitchen sponge (海绵) would probably top the list. Yes, it turns out that the very tool we use to clean our plates, which is warm, wet, and full of nutritious food pieces, is packed of tiny life.(细菌知道如何在地球上生存。如果问他们最想住在哪里，大多数人的答案可能是厨房海绵。是的，事实证明，我们用来清洁盘子的工具，温暖、潮湿、充满营养的食物碎片，却充满了微小的生命)”可知，厨房海绵是细菌的好家园。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“He found that sponges featuring pockets of different sizes are something that really matters for promoting bacterial growth.(他发现，海绵上那些大小各异的孔隙对于促进细菌生长至关重要)”可知，Lingchong You发现不同大小孔隙的海绵对促进细菌生长起着重要作用，也就是他发现了什么能促进细菌生长。故选B。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“In 2017, Jennifer Quinlan, a professor of food safety, and her colleagues, collected kitchen sponges from 100 homes, finding that only 1 — 2% of those sponges contained bacteria linked to food poisoning in humans and the ones that did contained only small amounts of harmful bacteria. “The vast majority of bacteria on sponges do not cause illness, and they’re just going to make them smell.” says Quinlan.(2017年，食品安全领域的教授Jennifer Quinlan和她的同事们从100个家庭中收集了厨房海绵，发现这些海绵中只有1%到2%含有与人类食物中毒相关的细菌，而且确实含有有害细菌的海绵中，有害细菌的含量也很少。Quinlan说：‘海绵上绝大多数细菌不会致病，它们只是会让海绵产生异味。’)”可知，Quinlan认为海绵上绝大多数细菌不会引发疾病，只有极少数海绵含有与人类食物中毒有关的细菌，而且这些细菌的含量也很少，所以她认为海绵上的细菌相对无害。故选A。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“This is not the whole story yet. If dangerous bacteria happen to show up in the area, the sponge’s special make-up makes it a good place for them to grow. And there’s evidence of it.(这还不是故事的全部。如果危险的细菌碰巧出现在这个区域，海绵的特殊结构使它成为它们生长的好地方。这是有证据的)”可知，由于最后一段提到有证据表明海绵的特殊结构让危险细菌容易滋生，所以接下来很可能会讨论细菌威胁的证据。故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·福建福州十一中·期中） The Earth is already 1.1 degrees Celsius hotter than it was 150 years ago. Though a half-degree Celsius difference in temperature increase might seem unimportant, the difference for life on Earth could be huge. Off the coast of Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is known for being large enough to be seen from space. It’s the size of Germany—a biodiversity hot spot that was once thought to be too big to fail. But over the last few decades, marine（海洋的）biologists like Hoegh-Guldberg have watched its rapid decline. Oceans are warming along with the atmosphere, since they absorb much of the excess heat from climate change. Repeated marine heat waves over the last five years have turned much of the Great Barrier Reef a terribly white color. When temperatures rise, corals（珊瑚）remove the microscopic algae（海藻）inside them, losing their food source in the process. Sometimes the corals can recover, but increasingly, they’re dying off. “Something around 50% of the shallow water corals were killed literally over a couple of months, in some cases over a couple of weeks,” Hoegh-Guldberg says. “If you extend that out into the future, we’ll get to a point where the damage overwhelms the ability of corals to bounce back. ” Marine heat waves have already doubled in number since 1980 and are expected to become more intense as temperatures rise. At 1.5 degrees Celsius, it’s likely that 70% to 90% of coral reefs will die off worldwide. At 2 degrees Celsius of warming, 99% are lost. “If we delay even a year or two more, we really are going down a pathway where there will be no return. We need to act and we need to act decisively, without question and solve this problem. ” Hoegh-Guldberg adds. 1. What do we know about the Great Barrier Reef? A. It is supposed to never disappear. B. It used to be indescribably massive. C. It is too large to be seen from space. D. It is growing over the last few decades. 2. What are the effects of rising temperatures? A. Changes in the shape of coral. B. Increasing risk of coral death. C. Growing coral recovery capacity. D. Abundant food sources of corals. 3. What does the underlined word “decisively” in the last paragraph refer to? A. Decidedly. B. Gradually. C. Constantly. D. Regularly. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. The temperature affects the life. B. Climate change causes warming oceans. C. Coral reefs face almost complete die-off. D. Extreme heat waves double greatly in number. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了由于气温上升，位于澳大利亚的大堡礁中的珊瑚面临着与日俱增的死亡风险。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Off the coast of Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is known for being large enough to be seen from space.”（远离澳大利亚海岸线，大堡礁因为足够大，能在太空中被看到而有名。）可知，the Great Barrier Reef 面积足够广，在太空上都可以看到。故选B。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Sometimes the corals can recover, but increasingly, they’re dying off.”（有时候这些珊瑚可以自己恢复，但是现在它们一个个相继死去的越来越多。）可知，温度上升增加了珊瑚死亡的风险。故选B。 【3题详解】 词义猜测题。根据最后一段Hoegh-Guldberg所说的话“If we delay even a year or two more, we really are going down a pathway where there will be no return. We need to act and we need to act decisively, without question and solve this problem.”（如果我们在耽搁一两年的话，我们会走向一条没有归途的下坡路。我们需要行动起来，并且我们需decisively行动起来，没有疑问地解决这个问题。）可知，decisively是副词，修饰动词act，根据句子的意思可知，如果再耽搁的话，我们可能会走向一条不归之路，所以必须坚决果断地采取行动，和A选项意思一致。故选A。 【4题详解】 文章大意题。根据第三段“Repeated marine heat waves over the last five years have turned much of the Great Barrier Reef a terribly white color. When temperatures rise, corals（珊瑚）remove the microscopic algae（海藻）inside them, losing their food source in the process. Sometimes the corals can recover, but increasingly, they’re dying off.”（反复的海底热量在过去的5年里使得大部分大堡礁变成了糟糕的白色。当温度上升时，珊瑚把它体内的海藻移除，就失去了它的食物。有时候这些珊瑚可以自己恢复，但是现在它们一个个相继死去的越来越多。）可知，这篇文章主要介绍因为温度上升而对珊瑚造成的影响。故选C。 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·福建永春二中·期中） While most musicians work with other artists when creating their music, Holly Herndon, an American musician and sound artist who is now based in Berlin, takes a different way, working with the machine learning software called Spawn. The software uses artificial neural networks modeled after the structure of the human brain. These networks learn patterns from datasets during the training process. Based on the data, the networks create new material that includes Herndon’s own voice. When producing her album, PROTO, Holly trained datasets to write new music. The process requires the input data of music written by people or by artificial intelligence (AI). The neural networks then produce variations of that music. “Computers surprise you in a way that an instrument doesn’t,” Holly said. So what does music sound like when composed by what is essentially a robot? It sounds like music from the future! But Holly Herndon isn’t the only one exploring AI in composition. Machines have played an increasingly important role in music over the last century. The godfather of computer science, Alan Turing, developed the first computer generated music in 1951. Then in 1980. David Cope from the University of California, Santa Cruz developed EMI — Experiments in Musical Intelligence, a system that analyzes existing music and produces new pieces based on it. AI might not take over the job of the “pop star” anytime soon, or will it? Miquela Sousa is a computer-generated artist with over one million followers on Instagram. “I’m a model and singer. And I’m a robot,” Miquela said. This then raises the question: Can we reproduce creativity using a computer? Though those questions are not easy to answer, I believe the next frontier of music lies somewhere in between. I can see the path forward with a new dawn of creativity that combines human inventiveness with AI. And the next chapter of music will certainly become wonderful as music and AI become even more closely connected. 1. What plays an important role in producing PROTO? A. Holly’s special voice. B. The input of existing music. C. Holly’s rich knowledge. D. The use of an instrument. 2. Why does the author mention the example of Miquela Sousa? A. To promote deep thinking on AI musicians. B. To show the popularity of smart robots. C. To explain the tasks of computer-generated artists. D. To make comparisons between human and robotic artists. 3. What is the author’s attitude towards music co- created by AI and humans? A. Doubtful. B. Surprised. C. Confused. D. Confident. 4. What does the text mainly talk about? A. The increasing diversity of AI music. B. The development of musical composition. C. The history of computer-generated music. D. The combination of AI and musical composition. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了美国音乐家和声音艺术家Holly Herndon使用人工智能创作了新音乐。文章介绍了其操作过程以及关于对AI音乐人的深度思考。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The process requires the input data of music written by people or by artificial intelligence (AI).(该过程需要输入人工或人工智能（AI）创作的音乐数据)”可知，现有音乐的输入在产生原型中起着重要的作用。故选B。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Miquela Sousa is a computer-generated artist with over one million followers on Instagram. “I’m a model and singer. And I’m a robot,” Miquela said. This then raises the question: Can we reproduce creativity using a computer?( Miquela Sousa是一个电脑生成的艺术家，在Instagram上有超过一百万的粉丝。“我是一名模特兼歌手。我是一个机器人，”Miquela说。这就提出了一个问题：我们能用电脑重现创造力吗？)”可推知，作者提到Miquela Sousa的例子是为了促进对AI音乐人的深度思考。故选A。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Though those questions are not easy to answer, I believe the next frontier of music lies somewhere in between. I can see the path forward with a new dawn of creativity that combines human inventiveness with AI. And the next chapter of music will certainly become wonderful as music and AI become even more closely connected.(虽然这些问题不容易回答，但我相信音乐的下一个前沿是介于两者之间。我可以看到人类创造力与人工智能相结合的新曙光。随着音乐和人工智能的联系越来越紧密，音乐的下一篇章肯定会变得非常精彩)”可推知，作者对AI和人类共同创作的音乐很有信心。故选D。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“While most musicians work with other artists when creating their music, Holly Herndon, an American musician and sound artist who is now based in Berlin, takes a different way, working with the machine learning software called Spawn. The software uses artificial neural networks modeled after the structure of the human brain. These networks learn patterns from datasets during the training process. Based on the data, the networks create new material that includes Herndon’s own voice.(虽然大多数音乐家在创作音乐时都是与其他艺术家合作，但现居住在柏林的美国音乐家和声音艺术家Holly Herndon采取了不同的方式，使用名为Spawn的机器学习软件。该软件使用了模仿人类大脑结构的人工神经网络。这些网络在训练过程中从数据集中学习模式。根据这些数据，网络创造了新的材料，包括Herndon自己的声音)”结合文章主要说明了美国音乐家和声音艺术家Holly Herndon使用人工智能创作了新音乐。文章介绍了其操作过程以及关于对AI音乐人的深度思考。可知，这篇文章主要讲了人工智能和音乐创作的结合。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·福建泉州·期中） Blind people have long desired for brightness, but scientists don’t have the technology. To bring that one step closer to reality, Zhiyong Fan, a materials scientist of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, developed a new artificial eye recently. The device, which is about as sensitive to light and has sharper vision and a faster reaction time than a real eyeball, may outperform human eyes. The human eye owes its wide field of view and clear eyesight to the retina (视网膜) — an area at the back of the eyeball covered in light-detecting cells. The design for a new artificial eye is based on the structure of the human eye and uses a friendly light-sensitive material. At the back of the eyeball an artificial retina is lined with Nan scale light sensors (纳米级光感器). Those sensors measure light that passes through the lens (晶状体) at the front of the eye. Wires attached to the back of the retina send signals from those sensors to the processor, similar to the way nerve networks connect the eyeball to the brain. “In the future, we can use this to replace damaged human eyes,” says the lead designer. In theory, this artificial eye could see more clearly than the human eye, because the artificial retina contains about 460 million light sensors per square centimeter while a real retina has about 10 million light-detecting cells per square centimeter. Besides, the artificial eyeball records changes in lighting faster than human eyes can — within about 30 to 40 milliseconds, rather than 40 to 150 milliseconds. Although its 100-degree field of view isn’t as broad as the150 degrees a human eye can take in, the device can see as well as the human eye in poor light. Hongrui Jiang, an electrical engineer at the University of Wisconsin, though, thinks engineers need a much more practical and efficient way to produce vast series of tiny wires on the back of the artificial eyeball to give it superhuman sight, which is super hard to achieve. 1. Why does Zhiyong Fan develop the artificial eye? A. To replace people’s real eyeballs. B. To gain a sharper vision. C. To help the blind regain their eyesight. D. To help normal eyes perform better. 2. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The design of the artificial eye. B. The structure of the human eye. C. The advantages of the artificial eye. D. The material used for the artificial eye. 3. What can we learn about the artificial eye and the human eye? A. They have the same structure. B. The artificial eye may see more clearly. C. The human eye sees better in weak light. D. The artificial eye takes in a broader view. 4. Which word best describes Hongrui Jiang’s attitude to the artificial eye? A. Doubtful. B. Favorable. C. Unconcerned. D. Satisfied. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了香港科技大学的一位科学家开发人工眼帮助盲人重获光明。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。由第一段“Blind people have long desired for brightness, but scientists don’t have the technology. To bring that one step closer to reality, Zhiyong Fan, a materials scientist of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, developed a new artificial eye recently.”（盲人长期以来一直渴望光明，但科学家们没有这项技术。为了让这一点更接近现实，香港科技大学材料科学家范志勇最近开发了一种新人工眼。）可知，发明人工眼的目的是帮助盲人重获光明。故选C项。 【2题详解】 主旨大意题。由第二段“The design for a new artificial eye is based on the structure of the human eye and uses a friendly light-sensitive material. At the back of the eyeball, an artificial retina is lined with Nan scale light sensors ( 纳米级光感器). Those sensors measure light that passes through the lens (晶状体) at the front of the eye. Wires attached to the back of the retina send signals from those sensors to the processor, similar to the way nerve networks connect the eyeball to the brain.”（新型人工眼的设计基于人眼的结构，并使用了一种友好的光敏材料。在眼球后部，人造视网膜上排列着Nan级的光传感器。这些传感器测量通过眼睛前部晶状体的光线。连接在视网膜后部的电线将信号从这些传感器发送到处理器，类似于神经网络将眼球连接到大脑的方式。）可知，第二段主要讲人工眼的结构设计。故选A项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。由第三段“In theory, this artificial eye could see more clearly than the human eye, because the artificial retina contains about 460 million light sensors per square centimeter while a real retina has about 10 million light-detecting cells per square centimeter.”（理论上，这种人造眼比人眼看得更清楚，因为人造视网膜每平方厘米包含大约 4.6 亿个光传感器，而真正的视网膜每平方厘米有大约 1000 万个光检测细胞。）可知，理论上人工眼可能比真正的眼睛看得更清楚。故选B项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。由尾段“Hongrui Jiang, an electrical engineer at the University of Wisconsin, though, thinks engineers need a much more practical and efficient way to produce vast series of tiny wires on the back of the artificial eyeball to give it superhuman sight, which is super hard to achieve.”（不过，威斯康星大学的电气工程师姜宏瑞认为，工程师们需要一种更实用、更有效的方法，在人造眼球的背面生产大量的细线，使其具有超人的视力，而这很难实现。）可知，他认为科学家们设想的很难达成，因此对人工眼持怀疑态度。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·福建莆田一中·期中） In the 1930s, the first cake mixes (蛋糕粉) which only required water were invented and some people argued that this approach, the easiest, was the best. But others thought cooks would want to do more. The cake-mix argument may be out-dated, but its central question remains: Just how demanding do we want our technologies to be? Then what is a demanding technology? Two elements are included: One is that it is technology that takes time to master, and the other is that its operation includes some real risk of failure. Therefore, a piano is a demanding technology, as is a programming language or a machine system. However, so-called easy technologies usually require little concentrated effort and produce predictable results. Clearly, easy technologies have remade human society over the past century, but the problem is that, as every individual task becomes easier, we demand much more of both ourselves and others. As a result, we are faced with a larger number of small tasks(writing hundreds of e-mails)instead of fewer difficult tasks (writing several long letters). And, when every task is easy, nearly all people are multitasking (多任务处理). Easy technologies supposedly free us to focus on what matters, but sometimes what matters gets eliminated. Everyone knows that it is easier to drive to the top of a mountain than to hike; the views may be the same, but the feeling never is. Following the same idea, we develop into beings that can do more. However, we can’t get the same satisfaction as we expect. I don’t mean that everything needs to be done the hard way. But we must take challenges seriously, or we’ll face the danger of becoming creatures whose lives are less satisfying. 1. What makes demanding technologies different from easy technologies? A. It requires much effort. B. It takes little attention. C. It achieves intended effect. D. It deals with machines. 2. What is a possible result of easy technologies? A. More time for concentration. B. Writing much longer letters. C. Lower expectations on others. D. Doing various tasks at a time. 3. What does the underlined word “eliminated” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Noticed. B. Stressed. C. Improved. D. Removed. 4. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage? A. The Argument Over Cake Mixes B. What Is A Demanding Technology? C. The Problem With Easy Technologies D. What Challenges Do Humans Face? 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D 4. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了要求高的技术包含的要素，以及简单技术面临的问题。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Then what is a demanding technology? Two elements are included: One is that it is technology that takes time to master, and the other is that its operation includes some real risk of failure.(那么什么是要求高的技术呢？其中包括两个因素：一是技术需要时间来掌握，另一个是它的操作包含一些真正的失败风险)”以及第三段“Therefore, a piano is a demanding technology, as is a programming language or a machine system.(因此，钢琴是一项要求很高的技术，就像编程语言或机器系统一样)”可知，要求高的技术与简单的技术不同，是由于要求高的技术需要很多的努力。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“And, when every task is easy, nearly all people are multitasking (多任务处理).(而且，当每个任务都很容易时，几乎所有的人都在多任务处理)”可知，简单技术可能带来的结果是一次做多个不同的任务。故选D。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“And, when every task is easy, nearly all people are multitasking (多任务处理).(而且，当每个任务都很容易时，几乎所有的人都在多任务处理)”以及划线词上文“Easy technologies supposedly free us to focus on what matters, but sometimes what matters gets”中but表示转折，说明简单的技术本应使我们能够专注于重要的事情，但有时重要的事情却被移除了。推测划线词意思是“移除”，与Removed意义相近。故选D。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Clearly, easy technologies have remade human society over the past century, but the problem is that, as every individual task becomes easier, we demand much more of both ourselves and others. As a result, we are faced with a larger number of small tasks(writing hundreds of e-mails)instead of fewer difficult tasks (writing several long letters). And, when every task is easy, nearly all people are multitasking (多任务处理). (显然，在过去的一个世纪里，简单的技术重塑了人类社会，但问题是，随着每一项个人任务变得更容易，我们对自己和他人的要求都要高得多。因此，我们面临的是更多的小任务（写数百封电子邮件），而不是更少的困难任务（写几封长信）。而且，当每一项任务都很容易的时候，几乎所有的人都在多任务处理)”、第五段“Easy technologies supposedly free us to focus on what matters, but sometimes what matters gets eliminated. (简单的技术本可以让我们专注于重要的事情，但有时重要的事情会被移除)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了要求高的技术包含的要素，以及简单技术面临的问题，C选项“简单技术的问题”最符合作为文章标题。故选C。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·福建永春一中·期中） New research suggests links between ultra-processed (超加工) foods — such as chips, many cereals and most packaged snacks at the grocery store — and changes in the way we learn, remember and feel. Many ultra-processed foods hit the brain rapidly when we eat them and have a strong effect on its reward system, which is involved in pleasure, motivation and learning. Those effects are similar to ones when people use nicotine, alcohol and other addictive drugs, said Ashley Gearhardt, a professor of psychology at the University of Michigan. “People have a very strong desire for ultra-processed foods and eat them compulsively and find they can’t stop eating them,” she said. The combination of high levels of both fat and carbs (碳水化合物) in many ultra-processed foods is likely why we are addicted to them. Foods in nature are often high in fat or carbs, but not both. Bananas are naturally high in sugar but you eat one and you’re good. Scientists were surprised to find that people who had been eating a high-fat, high-sugar snack also had changes in how their brains learned. In a study, four days of having a breakfast high in saturated (饱和的) fat and added sugar was linked to reductions in performance on some learning and memory tests, according to researchers in Australia. People who had a healthier breakfast didn’t have the performance changes. 1. What will probably happen if we eat too many ultra-processed foods? A. Our brains may be hit rapidly and we may get ill. B. We can never quit ultra-processed foods once we are addicted to it. C. We may find it difficult to keep English words and phrases in mind. D. We may become addicted to nicotine, alcohol and other addictive drugs. 2. What does the underlined word in paragraph 4 mean? A. Strongly. B. Extremely. C. Equally. D. Uncontrollably. 3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. Foods high in fat or carbs are really addictive. B. The intake of ultra-processed foods has a negative effect on learning. C. People who have a healthier breakfast can perform better in a memory test. D. Drinking alcohol, though has a similar effect as eating chips, does less harm to our brains. 4. How does the writer develop the last paragraph? A. Giving examples. B. Listing figures. C. Making comparisons. D. Explaining cause and effect. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新的研究表明，超加工食品与大脑的学习、记忆和感受方式的变化有关，会对其造成负面影响。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“New research suggests links between ultra-processed (超加工) foods — such as chips, many cereals and most packaged snacks at the grocery store — and changes in the way we learn, remember and feel. (新的研究表明，超加工食品——如薯片、许多谷物和杂货店里大多数包装零食——与我们学习、记忆和感受方式的变化有关)”可知，超加工食品会影响我们的学习和记忆能力。由此可知，如果我们吃太多的超加工食品，我们可能会发现很难记住英语单词和短语。故选C项。 【2题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“People have a very strong desire for ultra-processed foods (人们对超加工食品有着强烈的欲望)”和下文“find they can’t stop eating them (发现他们吃得停不下来)”可知，超加工食品很吸引人，人们应该是会不受控制地吃得停不下来，画线词意思与Uncontrollably“不受控制地”相近。故选D项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In a study, four days of having a breakfast high in saturated (饱和的) fat and added sugar was linked to reductions in performance on some learning and memory tests, according to researchers in Australia. (澳大利亚的研究人员在一项研究中发现，连续四天吃饱和脂肪和添加糖含量高的早餐，会导致一些学习和记忆测试的成绩下降)”可知，摄入超加工食品对学习有负面影响。故选B项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In a study, four days of having a breakfast high in saturated (饱和的) fat and added sugar was linked to reductions in performance on some learning and memory tests, according to researchers in Australia. People who had a healthier breakfast didn’t have the performance changes. (澳大利亚的研究人员在一项研究中发现，连续四天吃饱和脂肪和添加糖含量高的早餐，会导致一些学习和记忆测试的成绩下降。吃健康早餐的人没有表现上的变化)”可知，此处表明早餐时摄入超加工食品和健康饮食的两组人群的测试表现不同，作者是通过做比较的方式来组织该段的。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·福建集美中学·期中） When we think about what makes humans different from other animals, the word “conscience” often appears. Conscience is the feeling you get when you assess (评估) if you’ve done something “correct” or “wrong”. It is with the help of our conscience that we understand the moral principles we hold. This motivates us to act on them and therefore helps us assess our character and behavior. Eventually, it helps us judge ourselves against those principles, in terms of how well we follow them. Accordingly, you avoid certain desires (i. e., eating in class) and follow the behavior that is considered correct or “right” (paying attention to what the teacher is teaching) . Consciousness, on the other hand, reflects how aware you are of your surroundings. A good way to understand this is to think of the human mind as an iceberg, as proposed by Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. The part of the iceberg on the surface represents your conscious awareness. It refers to all the things you are aware of and can easily describe. For instance, right now, while reading this article, your conscious mind is helping you make connections. The deeper level of the iceberg is your unconscious mind. It refers to aspects that you are unaware of, including your fears, violent motives, and strong desires that are hard to describe. Many researchers, like Freud, propose that morality or conscience develops when a child internalizes (内在化) the rules that their, parents set when the child was growing up. However, some psychologists, like Paul Bloom, argue that morality is something we are all born with. Bloom argues that all babies are born with a sense of fairness. The claim came from studies of adopted children with genes, who were twins and separated at birth. If they possessed the “gene” to be kind, they would continue to be kind, despite being brought up in different family environments. So, which opinion is true? We truly don’t know. While there is more evidence in the studies claiming that conscience is developed through learning and socialization, the newer ideas of it being genetically acquired from birth look promising as well! 1. What is a function of conscience? A. It motivates us to act quickly. B. It keeps record of our behavior. C. It assesses our moral principles. D. It helps us tell right from wrong. 2. In which situation does your unconscious mind work? A. You apply what you learn to practice. B. You appreciate the beauty of poetry. C. You have a fear of public speaking. D. You describe violent scenes in a book. 3. What may Freud agree with? A. Genes affect kids’ consciousness. B. Kids acquire conscience with age. C. Genetic studies promote his theory. D. Parents should set strict rules for kids. 4. What may be a suitable title for the text? A. New theory uncovers the secret of our mind B. What helps tell human being from animals? C. Is conscience gained at birth or with age? D. Consciousness improves our moral level 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了人类与动物不同之处之一的“良心”概念，并且探讨了良心的形成。文章最后指出，关于良心的形成，目前尚无定论，既有通过学习和社会化形成的证据，也有天生遗传的可能性。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“ Conscience is the feeling you get when you assess (评估) if you’ve done something “correct” or “wrong”. It is with the help of our conscience that we understand the moral principles we hold. (良心是当你评估你做的事情是“对”还是“错”时的感觉。在良心的帮助下，我们理解了我们所持的道德原则。)”可知，良心的功能是帮助我们区分对错，正如文中提到的，它帮助我们评估我们的行为是否符合我们所持有的道德原则。故选D。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The deeper level of the iceberg is your unconscious mind. It refers to aspects that you are unaware of, including your fears, violent motives, and strong desires that are hard to describe.(冰山的更深一层是你的潜意识。它指的是你没有意识到的方面，包括你的恐惧、暴力动机和难以描述的强烈欲望。)”可知，恐惧、暴力动机和难以描述的强烈欲望是自己没有意识到的方面，在此时是无意识的心智（潜意识）在起作用，而我们可能并不意识到它的存在。C选项“You have a fear of public speaking.(你害怕公开演讲。)”属于无意识中的部分。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Many researchers, like Freud, propose that morality or conscience develops when a child internalizes (内在化) the rules that their, parents set when the child was growing up. (许多研究人员，如弗洛伊德，提出当孩子内化父母在孩子成长过程中制定的规则时，道德或良心就会发展。)”可知，弗洛伊德可能会同意孩子们随着年龄的增长获得良心，因为他提出良心或道德感是在儿童时期通过内化父母设定的规则而发展起来的即孩子随着年龄的增长而获得良知。故选B。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“When we think about what makes humans different from other animals, the word “conscience” often appears. Conscience is the feeling you get when you assess (评估) if you’ve done something “correct” or “wrong”. (当我们思考人类与其他动物的区别时，“良心”这个词经常出现。良心是当你评估你做的事情是“对”还是“错”时的感觉。)”可知，文章主要讨论了人类与动物不同之处之一的“良心”概念，良心是人们用来评估自己行为是否正确或错误的内在感受；以及第二段中“Consciousness, on the other hand, reflects how aware you are of your surroundings. A good way to understand this is to think of the human mind as an iceberg, as proposed by Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. (另一方面，意识反映了你对周围环境的意识程度。理解这一点的一个好方法是把人类的心灵想象成一座冰山，正如弗洛伊德的精神分析理论所提出的那样。)”可知，文章还提到了“意识”，将其比喻为冰山模型，意识是冰山露出水面的部分，而潜意识则是隐藏在水面下的部分；以及第三段中“Many researchers, like Freud, propose that morality or conscience develops when a child internalizes (内在化) the rules that their, parents set when the child was growing up.(许多研究人员，如弗洛伊德，提出当孩子内化父母在孩子成长过程中制定的规则时，道德或良心就会发展。)”以及倒数第二段中“However, some psychologists, like Paul Bloom, argue that morality is something we are all born with. Bloom argues that all babies are born with a sense of fairness. (然而，一些心理学家，如保罗·布鲁姆，认为道德是我们与生俱来的东西。布鲁姆认为，所有的婴儿都有一种天生的公平感。)”可知，文章探讨了良心的形成，一些研究者如弗洛伊德认为良心是通过儿童时期内化父母规则而发展起来的，而另一些心理学家如保罗·布鲁姆则认为良心是我们天生具有的。结合上述信息，整篇文章围绕“良心”这个话题展开，并且探讨良心是如何形成的，是天生具有还是后天通过学习和社交获得的。C选项“Is conscience gained at birth or with age?( 良心是在出生时获得的还是随着年龄增长而获得的？)”概括文章的主要内容，最适合作为本文标题。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·福建龙岩·期中） In our fast-paced world, music often serves as both a source of joy and stress. While it can uplift our spirits and provide comfort. it can also become overwhelming (令人不知所措的), especially when deadlines approach or pressures strengthen. That is music stress, a feeling of nervousness, worry, or unease that can come from listening to or playing music. Music stress can appear in different signs, ranging from physical reactions, such as headaches, to mental disturbances, such as anxiety and depression. In some ways, music stress is similar to more general experiences of stress. For example, both can cause effects such as headaches, and difficulty in concentrating. However, music stress is caused by a more specific form of factor — music, which tends to produce very specific types of reactions. For example, certain types of music can stir up an emotional response, such as sadness. This can lend to increased stress levels. Similarly, certain kinds of noise, like extremely loud or dissonant (刺耳的) sounds, can cause people to become overwhelmed. While this can be helpful for some purposes, such as creating a sense of tension in film, in some cases, it can be difficult to handle and might even contribute to heightened stress levels In addition, music stress can also result from the psychological (心理的) context in which the music is heard or played. If someone is listening to music as a way to evade his or her current anxiety or panic, the music can create a feeling of disappointment or stress when it can’t provide the expected effect or when they don’t listen mindfully. Understanding how music stress comes can help individuals better manage their stress levels. In general, an individual’s experience of music stress tends to depend on his or her personal preferences and psychological state of being at the time. If you have already been feeling stressed, it may be better to take a break from music entirely. 1. How does the author lead in the topic of the text? A. By giving a definition. B. By sharing an experience. C. By taking an example. D. By offering a solution. 2. What cause of music stress is talked about in paragraph 3? A. The environment. B. Listeners’ feelings. C. The music itself. D. Filmmakers’ state of mind. 3. What does the underlined word “evade” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Recognize. B. Imagine. C. Sense. D. Escape. 4. What can be the best title for the text? A. The Power of Music: a Stress Reliever. B. Music Can Sometimes Add to Your Stress. C. Music Stress Might Show Unusual Reactions. D. The Science Behind Music: a Psychological State. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐压力的概念、表现、成因，指出音乐虽能带来愉悦，但也可能成为压力源 。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“That is music stress, a feeling of nervousness, worry, or unease that can come from listening to or playing music.(这就是音乐压力，一种紧张、担心或不安的感觉，可能来自于听音乐或演奏音乐。)”并结合第二段内容可知，作者通过给出“音乐压力”的定义来引入文章话题。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“However, music stress is caused by a more specific form of factor— music, which tends to produce very specific types of reactions.(然而，音乐压力是由一种更具体形式的因素引起的——音乐，它往往会产生非常特定类型的反应。)”以及后面所举的例子“For example, certain types of music can stir up an emotional response, such as sadness. This can lend to increased stress levels. Similarly, certain kinds of noise, like extremely loud or dissonant (刺耳的) sounds, can cause people to become overwhelmed.(例如，某些类型的音乐可以激起情绪反应，比如悲伤。这可能会增加压力水平。类似的。某些类型的噪音，比如非常大声或不和谐的声音，会让人不知所措。)”可知，第三段谈论的音乐压力的原因是音乐本身。故选C。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“his or her current anxiety or panic(他或她目前的焦虑或恐慌)”和“the music can create a feeling of disappointment or stress when it can’t provide the expected effect or when they don’t listen mindfully(当音乐不能提供预期的效果或当他们没有认真听时，音乐会产生一种失望或压力的感觉)”可知，这里是说把听音乐当作逃避焦虑或恐慌的方式，所以evade意思是“逃避”，和Escape意思相近。故选D。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“In our fast-paced world, music often serves as both a source of joy and stress. While it can uplift our spirits and provide comfort. it can also become overwhelming (令人不知所措的), especially when deadlines approach or pressures strengthen. That is music stress, a feeling of nervousness, worry, or unease that can come from listening to or playing music.(在我们这个快节奏的世界里，音乐常常既是快乐的源泉，也是压力的源泉。虽然它可以振奋我们的精神，提供安慰。它也会变得势不可挡，尤其是在最后期限临近或压力加大的时候。这就是音乐压力，一种紧张、担心或不安的感觉，可能来自于听音乐或演奏音乐。)”可知，本文主要讲的是音乐压力的概念、表现、成因，指出音乐虽能带来愉悦，但也可能成为压力源，B选项“Music Can Sometimes Add to Your Stress(音乐有时会增加你的压力)”可作为最好的标题，故选B。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·福建莆田十一中·期中） The desert of Abu Dhabi is an extremely dry place with very little water. The plants and animals in the desert must adapt to (适应) this tough condition. It has been found that many plants have special ways to store water or withstand high temperatures. Recently, researchers in Abu Dhabi’s desert found a plant called the Athel tamarisk. This tree can thrive there and actually grow up to 18 meters tall. The tree seems to use salt crystals (结晶体) on its leaves to pull water from the air. After a researcher noticed water appearing on these crystals, her team recorded videos of the plants. Later, they found out why the tree can survive in such a dry and salty desert. The tree gets rid of extra salt by producing salt crystals onto its leaves. However, this also helps the plant pull moisture (水分) from the air. This is a useful skill in extremely dry environments. The findings were reported in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The team examined salt crystals on the plant’s leaves. They found more than 10 different kinds of salt. Most of the larger salt crystals simply fall from the leaves. But they also found small crystals of lithium sulfate (硫酸锂). These small crystals stay on the leaves and take in water from the air. When the team added colored water to salty leaves, the water stuck to the crystals, and then went into the plant’s leaves. This proves that the crystals help the plant collect water. Hopefully, the discovery could help people in dry places to collect moisture from the air, or even promote rain, the team says. 1. What does the underlined word “thrive” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Die out. B. Stand straight. C. Break down. D. Grow well. 2. How does the Athel tamarisk pull water from the air? A. By removing air inside the plant. B. By producing salt crystals on its leaves. C. By growing up to 18 meters tall. D. By changing the shapes of its leaves. 3. Why did the researchers add colored water to salty leaves? A. To compare different kinds of salt. B. To examine the structure of tree leaves. C. To prove salt crystals help collect water. D. To find out how much water the tree takes in. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Water Found in Abu Dhabi’s Desert B. New Discoveries about the Secrets of Desert C. A Plant in the Desert Pulls Water from the Air D. Trees Grow Well in Terrible Weather Conditions 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了阿布扎比沙漠中的一种植物——柽柳，它能在叶子上产生盐晶体从空气中吸收水分，研究人员通过实验证明了这一点，并且希望这一发现能帮助干旱地区的人们从空气中收集水分或促进降雨。 【1题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第二段“This tree can…there and actually grow up to 18 meters tall.(这种树能在那里……，实际上能长到18米高)”，可知树能长到18米高，可推理出这种树在那里(沙漠里)生长得很好，所以thrive的意思是“生长得好”，D选项“Grow well”符合，故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The tree gets rid of extra salt by producing salt crystals onto its leaves. However, this also helps the plant pull moisture (水分) from the air.(这种树通过在叶子上产生盐晶体来去除多余的盐分。然而，这也有助于植物从空气中吸收水分)”可知，柽柳通过在叶子上产生盐晶体从空气中吸收水分，故选B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“When the team added colored water to salty leaves, the water stuck to the crystals, and then went into the plant’s leaves. This proves that the crystals help the plant collect water(当研究小组向含盐的叶子中加入有色水时，水附着在晶体上，然后进入植物的叶子。这证明了晶体有助于植物收集水分)”可知，研究人员向含盐的叶子中加入有色水是为了证明盐晶体有助于收集水分，故选C项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The desert of Abu Dhabi is an extremely dry place with very little water. The plants and animals in the desert must adapt to (适应) this tough condition. It has been found that many plants have special ways to store water or withstand high temperatures.(阿布扎比的沙漠是一个极其干燥的地方，水资源非常匮乏。沙漠中的动植物必须适应这种恶劣的环境条件。人们发现，许多植物都有特殊的蓄水或耐高温的方式)”、第三段“The tree gets rid of extra salt by producing salt crystals onto its leaves. However, this also helps the plant pull moisture (水分) from the air.(这种树通过在叶子上产生盐晶体来去除多余的盐分。然而，这也有助于植物从空气中吸收水分)”以及“Hopefully, the discovery could help people in dry places to collect moisture from the air, or even promote rain, the team says.( 研究小组表示，希望这一发现能帮助干旱地区的人们从空气中收集水分，甚至促进降雨)”可知，文章主要讲述了阿布扎比沙漠中的柽柳这种植物能从空气中吸收水分的特性，C选项“A Plant in the Desert Pulls Water from the Air(沙漠中的一种植物从空气中吸收水分)”表达的含义能够概括文章主要内容，故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·福建台江·期中） Recent studies have revealed that mice exhibit surprising care giving behaviors, similar to basic first aid, when encountering unconscious companions. Researchers observed young mice grooming (理毛), biting, and even clearing the airways of anesthetized cage mates, suggesting an innate (天生的) drive to assist. This behavior, documented in Science Advances, highlights the potential universality of care giving in the animal kingdom. The findings challenge previous assumptions that such acts are only for highly social mammals like elephants or dolphins. The experiment involved placing conscious mice with unresponsive partners. Over 13-minute intervals, the active mice spent nearly half their time attempting to revive the others. Key actions included intensive grooming, licking the eyes, and pulling the tongue aside — a behavior resembling human airway management. When researchers obstructed the unconscious mouse’s mouth with a plastic ball, helpers successfully removed it 80% of the time. These interactions accelerated the recovery of the anesthetized mice, indicating functional benefits. Neuroscientists traced this behavior to oxytocin-releasing neurons in the amygdala and hypothalamus, brain regions linked to empathy. Notably, mice familiar with their companions invested more effort, underscoring (强调) social bonds. While not equivalent to human CPR, the actions mirror instinctive responses like using smelling salts. The study’s lead, Li Zhang, emphasized that such behaviors likely enhance group survival, proposing they may exist in other social species yet to be studied. Despite the strong evidence, experts caution against anthropomorphizing (拟人化) the results. Cristina Márquez, a biologist, noted that while three independent labs confirmed the findings, wild mice might hide such behaviors due to predation risks. The study opens new avenues for exploring empathy’s biological roots, bridging art and science — much like how Renaissance artists dissected anatomy (解剖学) to perfect human depictions. Understanding these behaviors could deepen our appreciation of life’s interconnections, a theme often celebrated in fine art. 1. The word “anesthetized” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to: A. Active. B. Unconscious. C. Injured. D. Hungry. 2. What does the study suggest about the mice’s care giving actions? A. They are learned from older mice. B. They are driven by oxytocin and social bonds. C. They act as airway management. D. They occur only in laboratory settings. 3. What might Cristina Márquez agree with? A. Wild mice frequently display such behaviors openly. B. The results prove mice possess human-like consciousness. C. Further research is needed to validate observations in natural habitats. D. Experts caution against anthropomorphizing the results. 4. What can be inferred from the comparison between the mice’s behavior and Renaissance artists’ dissection of anatomy A. Both are mainly for artistic creation. B. Both help in understanding a certain aspect of life C. They have no similarity at all. D. The mice’s behavior study is inspired by the Renaissance artists’ dissection. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了最近的研究发现，小鼠在遇到昏迷的同伴时会表现出令人惊讶的照顾行为，类似于基本的急救措施，这一发现挑战了以往只有高度社会化的哺乳动物才会表现出此类行为的观点，并探讨了这些行为背后的神经生物学机制及其在动物界的普遍性。 【1题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Researchers observed young mice grooming, biting, and even clearing the airways of anesthetized cage mates, suggesting an innate drive to assist. (研究人员观察到幼鼠会为anesthetized同伴梳理毛发、啃咬，甚至清理它们呼吸道，这表明它们有一种天生的帮助同伴的驱动力。)”可知，此处描述的是小鼠对失去意识的同伴的照顾行为，因此“anesthetized”应与“unconscious (昏迷的)”意思相近。故选B项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Neuroscientists traced this behavior to oxytocin-releasing neurons in the amygdala and hypothalamus, brain regions linked to empathy. Notably, mice familiar with their companions invested more effort, underscoring social bonds. (神经科学家将这种行为追溯到杏仁核和下丘脑中释放催产素的神经元，这些大脑区域与同理心有关。值得注意的是，熟悉同伴的小鼠会投入更多努力，这强调了社会联系的重要性。)”可知，小鼠的照顾行为是由催产素和社会联系驱动的。故选B项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Cristina Márquez, a biologist, noted that while three independent labs confirmed the findings, wild mice might hide such behaviors due to predation risks. (生物学家Cristina Márquez指出，尽管有三个独立的实验室证实了这些发现，但野生小鼠可能会因为捕食风险而隐藏这些行为。)”可推知，Cristina Márquez可能认为需要在自然栖息地进一步验证这些观察结果。故选C项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The study opens new avenues for exploring empathy’s biological roots, bridging art and science — much like how Renaissance artists dissected anatomy to perfect human depictions. Understanding these behaviors could deepen our appreciation of life’s interconnections, a theme often celebrated in fine art. (这项研究为探索同理心的生物学根源开辟了新的途径，架起了艺术与科学之间的桥梁 —— 就像文艺复兴时期的艺术家解剖人体以完善对人类的描绘一样。理解这些行为可以加深我们对生命相互联系的理解，这是美术中经常颂扬的主题。)”可知，将小鼠的行为与文艺复兴时期艺术家对人体解剖的研究进行比较，是为了说明两者都在帮助我们理解生命的某个方面。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·福建莆田五中·期中） The sounds of rain, birdsong, or the wind rustling leaves in the forest are all part of the music of nature. These sounds can fire emotions and promote calm. That’s why tracks of nature have been used in so many songs like “Blackbird” by the Beatles. Now, Sounds Right, an initiative from the Museum for the United Nations is cooperating with Spotify and other streaming platforms to recognize nature as a musician. This means that nature can be paid royalties (版税) that can be made use of when it comes to environmental causes and conservation. This new initiative allows artists who use environmental sounds to credit “Nature” as a featured artist and share the royalties. “It’s a way of saying to artists, We all use sounds like seagulls, waves and wind. Why don’t we pay nature a royalty?” said Brian Eno, who remixed his collaboration Get Real with David Bowie. “Hopefully, it’ll be a river, or a torrent, or a flood of royalties — and then what we do is distribute that among groups of people who are working on projects to help us deal with the future.” Other artists who contributed songs for the project include Tom Walker and Ellie Goulding, MO, and alternative music star Aurora who is releasing a new song, “A Soul With No King”, that includes the sounds of a forest in her native Norway. “I feel like music that has the ability to make contact with nature seem appealing again,” she said, “because, somewhere deep inside our soul, we are really yearning for it.” While there has been a long debate on whether streaming contributes to harmful emissions, giving nature credit and royalties can turn streaming to the right side of climate action. This project is just one of a growing movement to give nature legal rights and could restore the weak relationship between humans and the environment. 1. Why does the author mention the Beatles in the first paragraph? A. To prove the key role of nature in music. B. To show the influence of music on nature. C. To emphasize the importance of musicians. D. To tell the inspiration for the new initiative. 2. What will the royalties for nature be used for? A. Human health. B. Musical activities. C. Environmental protection. D. The entertainment industry. 3. What does the underlined phrase “yearning for” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Recording. B. Desiring. C. Singing. D. Interpreting. 4. What does the author indicate at last? A. The new initiative still deserves praising. B. Streaming does great harm to the environment. C. More projects are needed to fight climate change. D. Humans have been living in harmony with nature. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了大自然音乐对人们有好处，为此新举措允许使用环境声音的艺术家将“自然”列为特色艺术家，并分享版税。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“The sounds of rain, birdsong, or the wind rustling leaves in the forest are all part of the music of nature. These sounds can fire emotions and promote calm. That’s why tracks of nature have been used in so many songs like “Blackbird” by the Beatles.(雨声、鸟鸣、风吹树叶的声音都是大自然音乐的一部分。这些声音可以激发情绪，促进平静。这就是为什么在披头士乐队的“黑鸟”等歌曲中使用了如此多的自然音轨)”以及第二段“Now, Sounds Right, an initiative from the Museum for the United Nations is cooperating with Spotify and other streaming platforms to recognize nature as a musician. This means that nature can be paid royalties (版税) that can be made use of when it comes to environmental causes and conservation. This new initiative allows artists who use environmental sounds to credit “Nature” as a featured artist and share the royalties.(现在，联合国博物馆（Museum for United Nations）的一项倡议“Sounds Right”正在与Spotify和其他流媒体平台合作，以表彰大自然是一位音乐家。这意味着大自然可以获得版税，这些版税可以用于环境事业和保护。这项新举措允许使用环境声音的艺术家将“自然”列为特色艺术家，并分享版税)”可知，第一段提到披头士乐队是为了讲述新倡议的灵感来源。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“This means that nature can be paid royalties (版税) that can be made use of when it comes to environmental causes and conservation.(这意味着大自然可以获得特许权使用费，这些特许权使用费可以用于环境事业和保护)”可知，自然特许权使用费将用于环境保护。故选C。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“I feel like music that has the ability to make contact with nature seem appealing again(我觉得那种能够让人与自然接触的音乐似乎再次吸引人)”以及“because, somewhere deep inside our soul, we are really(因为在我们灵魂深处的某个地方，我们真的……)”可知，那种能够让人与自然接触的音乐似乎再次吸引人是因为我们灵魂深处渴望这种音乐。故划线词意思是“渴望”。故选B。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“This project is just one of a growing movement to give nature legal rights and could restore the weak relationship between humans and the environment.(这个项目只是一个不断发展的运动之一，赋予自然合法权利，可以恢复人与环境之间脆弱的关系)”可知，作者最后指出新的倡议仍然值得赞扬。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $