选择性必修第三册 Unit 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION-【高考快车道】2027年高考英语大一轮总复习高考真题单元话题分类汇编（人教版）

**基本信息** 聚焦环保主题，汇编2020-2025年全国卷及浙江卷真题，涵盖阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空，以时代热点情境（如微塑料污染、交通减排）梯度考查语言能力与环保意识。 **题型特征** |题型|题量|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|----|----|----| |阅读理解|6篇|环保话题词汇、细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意|2025A篇用图表数据分析交通碳排放，2025D篇结合微塑料研究报告设题，体现科学情境真实性| |完形填空|1篇|叙事类语篇理解、动词/名词辨析|2020新高考Ⅰ卷讲述Molai植树护生态，渗透环保实践精神| |语法填空|2篇|冠词、时态、定语从句、非谓语动词|2025浙江卷聚焦衣物租赁减排，2022浙江卷涉及学者减少航空旅行，紧扣低碳生活热点|

人教选择性必修第三册 Unit 3　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION （环保） I. 阅读理解 [2025·全国一卷， A篇阅读] The greening of planes, trains and automobiles Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions(排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here􀆳s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport. 　　The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs. Much is still to be settled, but here are some of the solutions to get us going green. 　　This energy transition(变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It􀆳s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,” says Wipke. (　)21.What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? 　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　 A.11.6%. B.45.1%. C.74.5%. D.86.1%. (　)22.Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily? A.Planes. B.Trucks. C.Trains. D.Ships. (　)23.What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition? A.Limiting fuel consumption. B.Putting more effort into renewables. C.Improving energy efficiency. D.Making electricity more affordable. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2018年不同交通方式的温室气体排放占比,以及飞机、汽车等各类交通工具的未来绿色燃料路径。 21.C　细节理解题。根据图表信息ROAD VEHICLES部分中“ROAD (PASSENGER) 45.1%”[道路(客运)45.1%]以及“ROAD (GOODS) 29.4%”[道路(货运)29.4%]可知,道路车辆总占比为(45.1%+29.4%=)74.5%,即道路车辆在2018年全球交通领域温室气体的排放中占比74.5%。故选C项。 22.C　细节理解题。根据图表信息TRAINS—Electricity部分中“Some trains are already electrified through rails or wires; others can be made electric in pretty simple ways.”(一些列车已经通过轨道或电线实现了电气化;其他火车可以通过非常简单的方式实现电动化。)可知,火车相较选项中其他三种交通方式更易实现绿色化。故选C项。 23.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,’ says Wipke.”(Wipke说:“我们需要加速绿色能源的开发,而且这些能源都会被利用起来。”)可知,Wipke建议加大对绿色能源的投入,即加大对可再生能源的投入。故选B项。 [2025·全国一卷， D篇阅读] Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn􀆳t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn􀆳t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that􀆳s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” (　)32.How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A.By quoting an expert. B.By defining a concept. C.By giving examples. D.By providing statistics. (　)33.What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A.The hardness of water. B.The length of cooling time. C.The frequency of filtering. D.The type of plastic in water. (　)34.What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in Paragraph 4? A.The importance of plastic recycling. B.The severity of the microplastic problem. C.The danger in overusing pure water. D.The difficulty in treating polluted water. (　)35. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay􀆳s suggestion about? A.Choice of new research methods. B.Possible direction for further study. C.Need to involve more researchers. D.Potential application of the findings. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球,甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现,将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤可能会显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质,但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出,该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性,并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。 32.C　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.”(微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在深海和喜马拉雅山上,嵌入火山岩中,填满海鸟的胃,甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现在人类体内。)可推知,作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。 33.A　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent.”(至关重要的是,这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来截留塑料。在这项研究中,将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后,塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中,煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量。)可知,决定在水中截留微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。故选A。 34.B　推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that􀆳s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.”(尽管如此,研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候,科学家们发现,即使是瓶装水,其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)可推断,作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。 35.D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“‘The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,’ Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. ‘We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.’” (苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay没有参与这项研究,他告诉《新科学家》杂志:“他们展示微塑料如何在煮沸过程中被截留的方式很不错。我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂,以便它们能去除微塑料。”)可推知,Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用的,即升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。 [2024·新课标Ⅰ卷， A篇阅读] HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM Help restore and protect Marin􀆳s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We􀆳ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive(侵入的)plant removal,winter planting,and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. GROUPS Groups of 5 or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance.Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form. AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. We􀆳ll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle,sunscreen, and lunch. No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills(满足)community service requirements. 　　UPCOMING EVENTS Time Meeting Location Sunday, Jan.15 10:00 am—1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead Sunday, Jan.22 10:00 am—2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot Sunday, Jan.29 9:30 am—2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead (　)21.What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team? A.To discover mineral resources. B.To develop new wildlife parks. C.To protect the local ecosystem. D.To conduct biological research. (　)22.What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A.5.　　B.10.　　C.15.　　D.18. (　)23.What are the volunteers expected to do? A.Bring their own tools. B.Work even in bad weather. C.Wear a team uniform. D.Do at least three projects. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个栖息地恢复工作队的工作内容以及招募志愿者的相关信息和要求。 21.C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.”可知,栖息地恢复工作队的志愿者在恢复敏感资源和保护山脊和山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。因此栖息地恢复工作队的目的是保护当地的生态系统。故选C项。 22.B　细节理解题。根据文章AGE, SKILLS,WHAT TO BRING部分中“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.”可知,加入栖息地恢复工作队的最低年龄限制是10岁。故选B项。 23.B　细节理解题。根据文章AGE, SKILLS,WHAT TO BRING部分中“We􀆳ll be working rain or shine.”可知,志愿者们需要风雨无阻。故选B项。 [2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷， D篇阅读] As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you􀆳re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it􀆳s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being. The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant􀆳s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves”. Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a“nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail. Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. “We􀆳re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,”said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. (　)32.What is the phenomenon the author describes at the beginning of the text? A.Pocket parks are now popular. B.Wild nature is hard to find in cities. C.Many cities are overpopulated. D.People enjoy living close to nature. (　)33.Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories? A.To compare different types of park-goers. B.To explain why the park attracts tourists. C.To analyse the main features of the park. D.To find patterns in the visitors􀆳 summaries. (　)34.What can we learn from the example given in Paragraph 5? A.Walking is the best way to gain access to nature. B.Young people are too busy to interact with nature. C.The same nature experience takes different forms. D.The nature language enhances work performance. (　)35.What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn? A.Language study. B.Environmental conservation. C.Public education. D.Intercultural communication. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了城市化进程使得人类与自然的接触逐渐减少,尤其是在城市中找到原生态环境的机会越来越少,而研究表明城市中的原生态环境对人类的健康和幸福感极为重要。 32.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中“As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find.”和“…it􀆳s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.”可知,随着城市迅猛发展,城市居民与自然环境的接触逐渐减少,在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的。故文章开头描述的现象是在城市里很难找到原生态的大自然。故选B项。 33.D　推理判断题。根据第四段中“Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a ‘nature language’ began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors.”可知,通过对320篇在线提交的总结编码,研究人员发现了一种被称为“自然语言”的类别模式。在对所有提交的总结进行编码后,有6个类别最常被游客认为是重要的。由此可推知,研究人员将参与者提交的内容编码为不同的类别是为了在游客的总结中发现模式。故选D项。 34.C　推理判断题。根据第五段中给出的例子“…the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.”可知,沿水边散步的体验对周末在公园徒步旅行的年轻职业人士来说可能是令人满足的。在工作日回到市中心,在午餐时间沿着喷泉散步也能享受到这种互动形式。由此可知,相同的自然体验可以采用不同的形式。故选C项。 35.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中Kahn说的话“We􀆳re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it…”可知,在和自然互动前,我们需要保护自然环境。故选B项。 [2021·全国乙卷， C篇阅读] You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products. At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called“Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping centre in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear. In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once. Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. (　　)28.What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for? A.Beautifying the city he lives in. B.Introducing eco-friendly products. C.Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D.Reducing garbage on the beach. (　　)29.Why does the author discuss plastic straws in Paragraph 3? A.To show the difficulty of their recycling. B.To explain why they are useful. C.To voice his views on modern art. D.To find a substitute for them. (　　)30.What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers? A.Calming. B.Disturbing. C.Refreshing. D.Challenging. (　　)31.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A.Artists’ opinions on plastic safety B.Media interest in contemporary art C.Responsibility demanded of big companies D.Ocean plastics transformed into sculptures 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。我们常常对海洋塑料垃圾深恶痛绝,但是艺术家Benjamin Von Wong却让其变废为宝,把这些塑料垃圾制成了雕塑品,也让公众看到更多回收利用海洋塑料垃圾的可能。 28.C　细节理解题。 根据第一段最后一句“He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.”可知,Von Wong制作这些塑料雕塑品就是为了让大家关注这些塑料垃圾。故选C。 29.A　推理判断题。根据第三段中“…because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled.”可知,这一段提到塑料吸管是为了告诉我们它们回收起来很困难。故选A。 30.B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知,每分钟都会有一卡车的塑料垃圾倒入大海中,Von Wong和一群志愿者收集了一万多件塑料制品,然后把它们绑在一起,看起来就像一次性从卡车上倒下来这么多垃圾一样。这么多的塑料垃圾被倾倒下来,观看者看到这样的景象肯定是不舒服的,B项“Disturbing.”符合题意。故选B。 31.D　主旨大意题。文章第一段就提到了Von Wong把塑料垃圾制成雕塑品的做法,紧接着对这个做法进行解释说明。因此文章的最佳标题是D项(海洋塑料转化成雕塑品)。故选D。 [2020·全国卷II， C篇阅读] When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion(时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠). Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur—unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,” says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur. Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month. Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us,” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field. The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades,but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control programme for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur. Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says,“To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She’s trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly. (　　)28.What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn? A.To promote guilt-free fur. B.To expand the fashion market. C.To introduce a new brand. D.To celebrate a winter holiday. (　　)29.Why are scientists concerned about nutria? A.Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously. B.Nutria are an endangered species. C.Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals. D.Nutria are illegally hunted. (　　)30.What does the underlined word “collapsed” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A.Boomed. B.Became mature. C.Remained stable. D.Crashed. (　　)31.What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan? A.It’s formal. B.It’s risky. C.It’s harmful. D.It’s traditional. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。 穿皮草通常是环保主义者所反对的事情,然而一个时装展却通过推广皮草来促进由海狸鼠的毛制成的皮草贸易。实际上,海狸鼠已经泛滥到与人势不两立的程度,它们给湿地和生态环境造成了巨大的破坏。 28.A　细节理解题。由第一段“…are trying to bring back the market for fur…”以及第二段中的“‘It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur…’”可知,在新奥尔良和布鲁克林所举办的时装展旨在推广不会使人产生内疚的皮草。故选A。 29.A　推理判断题。由第三段提到的科学家们付给猎户5美元买一条海狸鼠尾巴和第四段提到的海狸鼠泛滥,破坏当地环境,已经达到和人势不两立的程度可推知,科学家担忧的是海狸鼠对生态环境造成的巨大破坏。故选A。 30.D　词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“…the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.”可知,在20世纪80年代末海狸鼠市场崩溃后,海狸鼠的数目就开始疯狂地增长。由此可知,collapse和crash同义。故选D。 31.B　推理判断题。由最后一段中的“‘…they can wear without someone throwing paint on them…’”可知,在纽约穿皮草可能会被人泼油漆,由此可推知,这是危险的。故选B。 [2020·全国新高考Ⅱ卷， D篇] Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. Can you believe that a single bush(灌木丛)in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain! About 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest. Rainforests are the lungs of the planet—storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant amount of the world’s oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy(树冠层)of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds. Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is the plants’ way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life. They are not called rainforests for nothing! Rainforests can generate 75%of their own rain. At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal—and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain—your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it won’t keep you dry if there is a full rainstorm. In just two hours, streams can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity(湿气)of large rainforests contributes to the formation of rainclouds that may travel to other countries in need of rain. (　　)32.What can we learn about rainforests from the first paragraph? A.They produce oxygen. B.They cover a vast area. C.They are well managed. D.They are rich in wildlife. (　　)33.Which of the following contributes most to the survival of rainforests? A.Heavy rains. B.Big trees. C.Small plants. D.Forest animals. (　　)34.Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other? A.For more sunlight. B.For more growing space. C.For self-protection. D.For the detection of insects. (　　)35.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Life-giving rainforests B.The law of the jungle C.Animals in the amazon D.Weather in rainforests 【文章大意】 本文是说明文。文章讲述热带雨林蕴藏了丰富的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽,热带雨林也享有“地球之肺”的美誉,其植物的光合作用净化地球空气的能力尤为强大。雨林还可以自行降雨,庞大的雨林湿气形成的雨云可以飘往缺雨水的国家。 32.D　细节理解题。根据第一段“Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals.”可知,热带雨林蕴藏了丰富多彩的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽。由此可知,热带雨林有丰富的野生动植物,故选D。 33.B　细节理解题。根据第二段“Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy(树冠层)…strong winds.”可知,热带雨林有自己完美的生存体系,高大的树木用树冠层保护树木本身、小植物、动物们免受大雨和太阳及强风带来的干燥热浪的伤害。由此可知,大树有助于热带雨林的生存,故选B。 34.C　推理判断题。根据第三段“Scientists think this is the plants’ way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars.”可知,科学家们认为不同树木的树叶和树枝避免彼此触碰是为了自我保护,故选C。 35.A　主旨大意题。本文首先讲述了热带雨林蕴藏了丰富多彩的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽。其次,讲述了热带雨林是地球的肺——它吸收了大量的二氧化碳,并制造了大量氧气。最后,讲述了雨林可以形成自我所需降雨量的75%,而庞大的热带雨林湿气可以形成雨云,这些雨云可以飘往那些缺雨水的国家。由此可以判断出本文最佳标题是“给予生命的热带雨林”,故选A。 [2018·浙江卷， B篇] Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein’s jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag. Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台). The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume. Among the bag makers’ arguments: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today. The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic. Environmentalists don’t dispute(质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years. 24.What has Steven Stein been hired to do? A. Help increase grocery sales. B. Recycle the waste material. C. Stop things falling off trucks. D. Argue for the use of plastic bags. 25.What does the word “headwinds” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Bans on plastic bags. B. Effects of city development. C. Headaches caused by garbage. D. Plastic bags hung in trees. 26.What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers? A. They are quite expensive. B. Replacing them can be difficult. C. They are less strong than plastic bags. D. Producing them requires more energy. 27.What is the best title for the text? A. Plastic, paper or neither B. Industry, pollution and environment C. Recycle or throw away D. Garbage collection and waste control 【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文,主要论述了塑料袋和可回收纸袋的使用,到底是该禁止使用塑料袋还是纸袋,还是两者都禁止。让我们读文章了解一下吧。 24.D　推理判断题。根据第一段中“…is defending an industry…”和第二段“…like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.”可推知,Stein被雇来为塑料业,特别是为支持塑料袋的使用而发声,由此选D项。 25.A　词义猜测题。 根据文章第二段“The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in…Eyeing these headwinds,…”可知,约90个城市已经禁止使用塑料袋,看到这些禁令,塑料袋制造商雇佣Stein这样的科学家来表达他们的声音。由此可知headwinds指代上文提到的禁止使用塑料袋,所以选A项。 26.D　细节理解题。根据第三段“…which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport.”可知,塑料袋制造商认为,生产和运输可回收利用的纸袋子会消耗更多的能源,由此选D项。 27.A　主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Environmentalists don’t dispute(质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too…”并结合全文可知,本文主要论述了应该禁止塑料袋的使用还是禁止纸袋的使用或者两者都禁止。A项能很好地概括全文,适合做标题。 完形填空 [2020·全国新高考I卷] Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 　21　. He learned the value and beauty of 　22　 there from a very young age.   When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 　23　 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 　24　 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 　25　, the number of snakes had declined as well. He 　26　 that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the 　27　. The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 　28　 during the daytime. He turned to the 　29　 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 　30　 a nearby island where he began to plant trees.   　31　 young plants in the dry season was 　32　 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 　33　 of each sapling(幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 　34　 rainwater. The water would then drip(滴落)on the plants below.   Molai 　35　 to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.   (　　)21.A. dream B. job C. home D. choice (　　)22.A. nature B. youth C. culture D. knowledge (　　)23.A. precious B. interesting C. disturbing D. awkward (　　)24.A. waste B. tension C. pain D. damage (　　)25.A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise (　　)26.A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. predicted (　　)27.A. noise B. heat C. disease D. dust (　　)28.A. directions B. partners C. help D. shelter (　　)29.A. labour B. police C. forest D. finance (　　)30.A. rebuilt B. discovered C. left D. managed (　　)31.A. Decorating B. Observing C. Watering D. Guarding (　　)32.A. tough B. illegal C. fantastic D. beneficial (　　)33.A. back B. top C. foot D. side (　　)34.A. cool down B. keep off C. purify D. collect (　　)35.A. returned B. learned C. failed D. continued 【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个农村的男孩Molai几十年如一日在所住村庄周边的荒岛上植树造林,最后把荒岛变成了多种动植物的生态家园的故事。 21.C　根据上文“Molai grew up in a tiny village in India.”可知,印度的一个小村庄是他的第一故乡,结合下文可推知,这片湿地是他的第二个家园。 dream梦想; job工作; home 家园; choice选择。故选C。 22.A　根据文中“He learned the value and beauty of…there from a very young age.”可知,从很小的时候,他就了解了那里的美和价值。这里用nature呼应上文提及的wetlands。 nature自然; youth青春; culture文化; knowledge知识。故选A。 23.C　根据下文“A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the…it caused had driven away a number of birds…the number of snakes had declined as well.”可知,洪水袭击了这个地方,导致了令人不安的事情的发生。 precious珍贵的; interesting有趣的; disturbing令人不安的,烦扰的; awkward尴尬的。故选C。 24.D　根据上文“A flood had hit the area earlier that year…”可知,洪水袭击了这个地方,带来了损害。 waste弃物,废料; tension紧张; pain痛苦,疼痛; damage伤害,损害。故选D。 25.A　根据上文“…the…it caused had driven away a number of birds.”及下文“…the number of snakes had declined as well.”可知,这些都是洪水带来的灾难,前后句子属于并列关系。 besides而且,此外; however 然而;therefore因此;otherwise否则。故选A。 26.B　根据语境可知,Molai意识到导致鸟儿飞走及蛇的数量缩减的原因在于这里没有足够多的树木。 agree同意; realize意识到; remember记得; predict预测。故选B。 27.B　根据后文“The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek…during the daytime.”可知,这里没有足够多的树阻挡高温。 noise噪声; heat高温; disease疾病; dust尘土。故选B。 28.D　因为这里没有足够多的树来阻挡高温,所以解决的办法就是种树,让这些动物能找到栖身之处。 direction方向; partner伙伴; help帮助; shelter栖身之处。故选D。 29.C　因为是要种树,故他应该去林业部门求助。 labour劳动; police警察; forest 森林,林业; finance财政,金融。故选C。 30.B　根据文中“However, Molai went looking on his own and…”可知,Molai去寻找可以种树的地方,此处指寻找的结果,即在附近找到了一个可以种树的岛屿。 rebuild重建; discover发现; leave 离开; manage经营,管理。故选B。 31.C　根据下文in the dry season可知,这里指在干旱季节浇水的事情。decorate装饰,装修; observe观察,观测; water浇水; guard护卫。故选C。 32.A　根据常识并结合后文for a lone boy可知,对于一个孤零零的男孩来讲,在旱季给树浇水是一件困难的事情。 tough困难的; illegal 非法的; fantastic 极好的; beneficial有益的。故选A。 33.B　根据后文“The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below.”可知,Molai在幼树的顶部建了一个竹子制成的平台。 back后面; top顶部; foot 脚下; side侧面。故选B。 34.D　根据上文可知,他在那里放了一些有小洞的陶罐,目的是收集雨水。 cool down使……冷静下来/冷却下来; keep off 远离; purify净化; collect收集。故选D。 35.D　根据后文for the next 37 years可知,Molai在接下来的37年里继续植树。 return归还; learn得知,获知; fail失败; continue继续。故选D。 语法填空 [2025·浙江1月考] 　　The price of fashion—economically and environmentally—has led to the rise of 56.　　　　 new way of dressing, and it􀆳s beginning to take off in Australia, too. As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer 57.　　　　 (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.   “I think it􀆳s an amazing idea,” says Tanya Perilli, who owns a clothing rental shop. “Customers today look past the fact that something is second-hand and focus instead 58.　　　　 the fact that they have something unique to wear 59.　　　　 are not overstuffing their own wardrobes(衣柜) or contributing to landfill.”  Tanya􀆳s shop offers fashion clothes for women 60.　　　　 (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive 61.　　　　 (solve) to one-time event dressing. The concept 62.　　　　 (be) certainly not new—men have been renting good suits for decades—but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.  Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, 63.　　　　 she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. “I really want to make this work for 64.　　　　 (people) lives today, and I know that doesn􀆳t always mean 65.　　　　 (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.   【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了衣物租赁服务在澳大利亚的兴起及其对经济和环境的影响,强调这一新兴时尚方式不仅减少了浪费,还让消费者能够以更低的成本享受时尚。 56.a　考查冠词。根据句子中的new way of dressing可以判断,空格处需要一个不定冠词,泛指一个新兴的穿衣方式,且new以辅音音素开头,需使用不定冠词a。 57.times　考查名词复数。根据“…wear more clothes fewer…”可以推断,这里需要填入名词复数times,表示重复穿一件衣服的次数较少。 58.on/upon　考查固定搭配。根据句子结构可知,focus后通常会接介词on或upon来引出关注的对象。 59.and　考查连词。根据句子结构可知,前后两个句子是并列关系,表达的是顾客有独特的衣服穿,并且他们不会让衣橱堆满,或者增加垃圾填埋场的负担。因此,连接这两个并列分句应使用and。 60.to rent　考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知,空格处需要填入不定式to rent,表示目的,说明女性消费者租赁服装而不是直接购买。 61.solution　考查名词。根据句意可知,这里需要一个名词作宾语,表示一种解决方案,且a指明它是单数形式。 62.is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句子主语the concept是单数形式,且语境提示此处是对事实的描述,因此需要使用一般现在时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 63.which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词clothing,指物,关系词在从句中作package 和offer的宾语,因此需用关系代词which引导定语从句。 64.people􀆳s　考查名词的所有格形式。空格后的lives是复数形式,此处表示“人们的生活”,因此需要填入所有格形式people􀆳s。 65.returning　考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,mean在此处指“意味着”,mean doing sth是固定搭配,故空格处需要填入v.-ing形式。 语法填空 [2022·浙江1月考] Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics 56.　　　　　　　 are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like—frequently by plane—57.　　　　　　 (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others 58.　　　　　　　 (be) now questioning that idea—pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely and 59.　　　　　　　 (change) their personal behaviour to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, 60.　　　　　　(rough) 200 academics—many of them climate scientists—61.　　　　　　　　　　 (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.  Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 62.　　　　　　　 she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of 63.　　　　　　　 time, they agreed. When the answer was no, she declined the 64.　　　　　　　 (invite). That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans 65.　　　　　　　(continue) the practice. “It has been fairly rewarding,” she says—“a really positive change.”  【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了像Cobb一样的一小部分科研人员,为了更好地应对气候变化,努力减少坐飞机去参加各种会议的机会,而更多地选择以远程的方式参会。 56.who/that 　考查定语从句。句中的先行词是academics,意为“科研人员”,在从句中作主语,故填关系代词who/that。 57.is viewed/has been viewed 　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子可知,主语是动名词短语“Travelling to…”,在逻辑上与view构成被动关系,此处可以用一般现在时表示客观事实,也可以用现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在,故填is viewed/has been viewed。 58.are 　考查时态和主谓一致。根据“now questioning”可知,此处是现在进行时,主语是“Cobb and others”,故填are。 59.changing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,空处与pushing并列作句子的状语,故填changing。 60.roughly 　考查副词。此处表示“大约200个科研人员”,故填roughly。 61.have promised 　考查动词的时态。根据下文的“since the effort…”可知,主句用现在完成时,故填have promised。 62.whether/if 　考查宾语从句。根据句意“她问会议组织者她是否能够远程参会……”可知,此处用whether/if引导宾语从句。 63.the　考查冠词。根据上文的“three-quarters of…”可知,该时间为“特定的时间”,故填the。 64.invitation　考查名词。分析句子且根据上文的定冠词the可知,此处需用invite的名词形式作宾语,故填invitation。 65.to continue　考查非谓语动词。此处是固定搭配plan to do sth意为“打算去做某事”,故填to continue。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $