Unit 5 9 博览万象 融会中西之文化通览（Word教参）-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册（人教版）

本讲义围绕“文学与价值”主题，整合高频词汇、话题佳句、语法填空（《天工开物》）、阅读理解（BNPL贷款）及文学选段（《夏洛的网》）等核心知识点，从基础词汇积累到语篇应用分析，构建从语言输入到综合运用的递进式学习支架。 该资料特色在于多主题语篇融合，通过《天工开物》语法填空渗透文化意识，BNPL阅读训练批判性思维，《夏洛的网》选段提升语言理解能力。课中辅助教师开展多维度教学，课后帮助学生巩固词汇、语法及阅读技巧，有效查漏补缺，全面发展语言能力与思维品质。

文学与价值 【高频词汇】 1．target n.　　　　　　 目标 2．function n. 功能 3．manner n. 态度；礼貌；方式 4．charity n. 慈善机构 5．repay v. 归还；偿还；报答 6．invisible adj. 无形的 7．important adj. 重要的 8．volume n. 卷，册 9．procedure n. 工序 10．craft n. 工艺 11．poverty n. 贫困 12．status n. 地位 13．financial adj. 财政的 14．collaboration n. 合作 15．make use of 利用 【话题佳句】 1．(外研选必二U2)Inside the bags are necessities such as toothpaste, soap and socks, bought first with her pocket money and then through crowd funding. These items helped to make the lives of poor and homeless people a little bit easier. 书包里装着牙膏、肥皂和袜子等必需品。一开始她用自己的零花钱买这些，后来则是通过众筹采购。这些物品帮助穷人和无家可归的人生活得稍微轻松一些。 2．(北师大选必二U5)These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for; more vital to a man, and more beneficial to mankind, some might say, than all the money in the world. 这些伟人懂得，知识和认识才是值得追求的；正如一些人所言，和全世界的金钱相比，这些对个人而言更重要，对全人类而言更有益。 Tiangong Kaiwu or The Exploitation of the Works of Nature is widely regarded 1.as the world's first comprehensive book on agriculture and numerous industries, and an important encyclopedia (百科全书) of science and technology in China. 2．Written(write) by Song Yingxing (1587­about 1661), a renowned scientist and encyclopedist in the late years of the Ming Dynasty, the book emphasizes the importance of collaboration between human beings and nature on farming and crafts. Song also devoted many pages to 3.description(s)(describe) of the development of industries in the 17th century in China. Born in today's Jiangxi Province in Eastern China to a scholar's family, Song passed the imperial examinations at provincial level 4.and obtained the degree of Juren or “Recommended Man” at the age of 28. In 1634, Song 5.was_appointed(appoint) the education official in Fenyi County, Jiangxi Province and began to write Tiangong Kaiwu. When the great work was completed three years later, Song sent the encyclopedia to press, with 6.financial(finance) help from friends. Tiangong Kaiwu contains 18 volumes in three parts. Featuring more than 120 detailed illustrations，the book describes the components and working procedures of more than 130 types of technologies and tools 7.used(use) in agriculture and industry. So far, the detailed and accurate illustrations contained in the book 8.have_proved(prove) extremely useful for people in subsequent centuries to better understand many production technologies and tools used in China. Song also introduced a number of new technologies and discoveries into his encyclopedia. As historian Joseph Needham has observed, 9.the vast amount of accurately drawn illustrations in this encyclopedia dwarfed (使相形见绌) the amount provided in previous Chinese encyclopedias, making it a valuable written work in history. At the same time, Tiangong Kaiwu broke from Chinese tradition by 10.rarely(rare) referencing previous written works. It is instead written in a style strongly suggestive of firsthand experience.In the preface to the work, Song attributed this difference to his poverty and low standing. “Buy Now, Pay Later”—BNPL Adapted from Guardian Shoppers who use “buy now, pay later” loans are to get new safeguards against unaffordable borrowing and credit card­style protection for their purchases, under rules outlined by the UK government. However, campaigners have questioned why the BNPL changes will not take effect until 2026, warning that consumers need to be “wary” in the meantime. In recent years the market for BNPL has boomed, with many big retailers teaming up with lenders to allow consumers to spread the cost of their purchases. But while the loans, typically advertised at online checkouts, do not attract interest, concerns have grown around the ease with which borrowers can build up unaffordable debt. Research carried out last year by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) found that 14 million people had used BNPL and that frequent users were more than four times as likely to have recently missed a payment for a bill or credit commitment than those who had not used the loans. The Treasury (财政部) said its new rules would allow the FCA to force BNPL companies to undertake affordability checks on would­be borrowers before people could sign up for a loan. Bringing the sector under the financial watchdog's authority and applying the Consumer Credit Act to it will mean companies will need to provide clear, simple and accessible information about loan agreements so that shoppers can make fully informed decisions and understand the risks associated with late repayments. Shoppers will also benefit from section 75 of the act, which protects purchases if a company breaches its contract or provides faulty goods. The protection, which covers good and services costing between ￡100 and ￡30，000, already exists on credit card purchases. The government said a consultation on the rules was due to end on 29 November “to reflect the urgent need for action to protect consumers”， but added that the changes would not take effect until 2026. 1．loan n．贷款 2．outline v．概述，略述 3．wary adj.谨慎的，警惕的 4．boom v．迅速发展，繁荣 5．interest (熟词生义) n．利息 6．build up 积累，逐步增加 7．undertake v．承担，从事 8．watchdog n．监管机构 9．act (熟词生义) n．法案 10．make fully informed decisions 做出充分知情的决定 11．section n．条款，部分 12．breach v．违反，违背 13．consultation n．咨询，磋商 The UK government has introduced new rules to 1.protect BNPL users. However, these measures won't take effect until 2026. FCA research highlights that frequent BNPL users are more likely to 2.miss bill payments, raising concerns about the ease of accumulating 3.unaffordable debt despite interest­free offers. 1.Shoppers who use “buy now, pay later” loans are to get new safeguards against unaffordable borrowing and credit card­style protection for their purchases, under rules outlined by the UK government. [分析]　句中who引导定语从句，修饰Shoppers；“outlined by the UK government”是动词­ed形式作后置定语。 [翻译]　根据英国政府拟定的规则，使用“先买后付”贷款的购物者将获得新的保障措施，以防出现无力偿还借贷的情况，并且所购商品还能获得类似于信用卡的保护服务。 2.But while the loans, typically advertised at online checkouts, do not attract interest, concerns have grown around the ease with which borrowers can build up unaffordable debt. [分析]　句中while 引导让步状语从句；“advertised at online checkouts”是动词­ed形式作后置定语；“with which borrowers can build up unaffordable debt”是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。 [翻译]　然而，尽管这些贷款通常在在线结账页面上进行宣传时称不收取利息，但人们对借款者可能因贷款过于便捷而累积无法承受的债务的担忧与日俱增。 3.Research carried out last year by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) found that 14 million people had used BNPL and that frequent users were more than four times as likely to have recently missed a payment for a bill or credit commitment than those who had not used the loans. [分析]　句中“carried out...(FCA)”是动词­ed形式作后置定语；两个that均引导宾语从句；who引导定语从句。 [翻译]　金融行为监管局(FCA)去年开展的研究发现，1 400万人使用过“先买后付”服务，并且频繁使用该服务的人近期错过账单支付或信用还款的可能性是未使用过这种贷款的人的四倍。 Wilbur Went Out Excerpt from Charlotte's Web 在朱克曼家的谷仓里，小猪威尔伯和蜘蛛夏洛建立了真挚的友谊。柔弱的夏洛付出了生命的代价拯救了威尔伯，而威尔伯带着感恩的心抚养了夏洛的孩子。 The barn① was very large. It was very old. It smelled of hay② and it smelled of manure③. It smelled of the perspiration④ of tired horses and the wonderful sweet breath of patient cows. It often had a sort of peaceful smell—as though nothing bad could happen ever again in the world. It smelled of grain⑤ and of harness dressing (马具敷料) and of axle (车轴) grease⑥ and of rubber boots and of new rope. And whenever⑦ the cat was given a fish­head to eat, the barn would smell of fish. But mostly it smelled of hay, for there was always hay in the great loft (阁楼) up overhead. And there was always hay being pitched⑧ down to the cows and the horses and the sheep. The barn was pleasantly⑨ warm in winter when the animals spent most of their time indoors, and it was pleasantly cool in summer when the big doors stood wide open to the breeze⑩. The barn had stalls (马厩) on the main floor for the work horses, tie­ups on the main floor for the cows (牛棚), a sheepfold (羊圈) down below for the sheep, a pigpen (猪圈) down below for Wilbur, and it was full of all sorts of⑪ things that you find in barns. It was the kind of barn that swallows⑫ like to build their nests in. It was the kind of barn that children like to play in. And the whole thing was owned by Fern's uncle, Mr. Homer L. Zuckerman. Wilbur's new home was in the lower part of the barn, directly⑬ underneath⑭ the cows. Mr. Zuckerman knew that a manure pile is a good place to keep a young pig. Pigs need warmth, and it was warm and comfortable down there in the barn cellar⑮ on the south side. Fern came almost every day to visit him. She found an old milking stool (凳子) that had been discarded⑯， and she placed the stool in the sheepfold next to Wilbur's pen⑰. Here she sat quietly during the long afternoons, thinking and listening and watching⑱ Wilbur. The sheep soon got to know her and trust her. So did the geese⑲⑳， who㉑ lived with the sheep. All the animals trusted her; she was so quiet and friendly. Mr. Zuckerman did not allow her to take Wilbur out, and he did not allow her to get into the pigpen. But he told Fern that she could sit on the stool and watch Wilbur as long as she wanted to. It made her happy just to be near the pig㉒， and it made Wilbur happy to know that she was sitting there, right outside his pen. But he never had any fun—no walks, no rides, no swims. One afternoon in June, when㉓ Wilbur was almost two months old, he wandered㉔ out into his small yard outside the barn. Fern had not arrived for her usual visit. Wilbur stood in the sun feeling lonely and bored㉕. “There's never anything to do around here，” he thought. He walked slowly to his food trough (食槽) and sniffed㉖ to see if anything had been overlooked㉗ at lunch. He found a small strip (条) of potato skin and ate it. His back itched (发痒), so he leaned against㉘ the fence and rubbed㉙ against the boards. When he was tired of this, he walked indoors, climbed to the top of the manured pile, and sat down. He didn't feel like going㉚ to sleep, he didn't feel like digging, he was tired of standing still, tired of lying down. “I'm less than two months old and I'm tired of living，” he said. He walked out to the yard again. “When I'm out here，” he said, “there's no place to go but in. When I'm indoors, there's no place to go but out in the yard.” “That's where you're wrong, my friend, my friend，” said a voice. Wilbur looked through the fence and saw the goose standing there. “You don't have to stay in that dirty­little dirty­little dirty­little yard，” said the goose, who talked rather fast. “One of the boards is loose. Push on it, push—push—push on it, and come on out！” “What？” said Wilbur. “Say it slower！” “Did you say a board was loose？” “That I did, that I did，” said the goose. Wilbur walked up to the fence and saw that the goose was right—one board was loose. He put his head down, shut his eyes, and pushed㉛. The board gave way㉜. In a minute he had squeezed through㉝ the fence and was standing in the long grass outside his yard. The goose chuckled㉞. ①barn n．谷仓 ②hay n．干草 ③manure n．粪肥 ④perspiration n．汗水 ⑤grain n．谷物 ⑥grease n．润滑油 ⑦此处为whenever引导时间状语从句。 ⑧pitch v．投掷 ⑨pleasantly [熟词生义] adv. 舒适地 ⑩breeze n．微风 ⑪all sorts of各种各样的 ⑫swallow [熟词生义] n．燕子 ⑬directly [熟词生义] adv. 恰好，正好 ⑭underneath prep.在……下面 ⑮cellar n．地窖 ⑯discard v．丢弃 ⑰pen [熟词生义] n．圈 ⑱此处为并列的v.­ing形式作状语。 ⑲goose n．(pl. geese) 鹅 ⑳此处为部分倒装句。 ㉑此处为who引导定语从句。 ㉒此处为it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。 ㉓此处为when引导时间状语从句。 ㉔wander v．闲逛 ㉕bored adj.无聊的 ㉖sniff v．嗅 ㉗overlook v．忽视；忽略 ㉘lean against 靠着 ㉙rub v．摩擦 ㉚feel like doing想要做 ㉛此处为动词的联动。 ㉜give way [熟词生义] 倒塌 ㉝squeeze through挤过 ㉞chuckle v．咯咯笑 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $