专题08 阅读理解之说明文10篇（南京专用）（中考模拟真题速递）-2026年中考英语模拟真题速递（南京专用）

专题08 阅读理解之说明文10篇 （南京专用） 内容导航 内容速递 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 内容速递 本资料共10篇专项训练 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 Music is beauty in sounds. Why not make your own music with the help of AI? Artificial intelligence (AI) can do many different things. From controlling the lights in our homes to helping us order pizzas, it seems there aren’t many more uses for AI than we already have. However, can AI make music like human beings? Thanks to a team of Swiss scientists, AI may soon be able to come up with music especially for us. Researchers at the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland have created a computer algorithm (算法), the “Deep Artificial Composer” (DAC), which can create original music all by itself. Florian Colombo, an EPFL scientist who helped create the DAC, said that AI could produce complete melodies (旋律), with a beginning and an end. At present, the DAC is only able to produce several pieces of traditional Irish folk music, but it’s hoped that it will be able to create songs based on any type of music in the end. To “teach” the DAC, the scientists trained it to “listen” to over 2,000 different folk songs. Based on this input (输入), the AI taught itself how to compose music, from getting the pitch (音高) and timing right, to choosing the right notes. This process is still in its early stages, with the DAC still not producing perfect results, but Colombo told AFP that the AI’s music is still “quite pleasant to listen to.” While the idea sounds very hopeful, we shouldn’t expect the DAC to replace real-life composers any time soon. According to Colombo, the system was designed to produce only simple melodies. So far, it can only create songs based on a single instrument. Colombo said that his purpose in creating the DAC was to help people create their own music, not to have it made for them. His exciting new ideas came from Austrian composer Wolfgang Mozart. It’s said that he used to throw dice (掷骰子) to help him pick which notes to use when making new music. “A good composer with creative ideas will never be replaced by an algorithm.” Colombo told AFP. 1．How does the writer begin the passage? A．By sharing different ideas on AI. B．By explaining the meaning of AI. C．By showing the development of AI. D．By presenting the advantages of AI. 2．Why does Colombo mention Austrian composer Wolfgang Mozart? A．To express his respect for Mozart. B．To present his achievement on AI music. C．To praise Mozart’s contribution to music. D．To explain his purpose in creating the DAC． 3．What can we learn about the DAC from the passage? A．The DAC was refused by some composers. B．The DAC can’t be used instead of real-life composers. C．Music creation has to depend on the DAC． D．Scientists are amazed at music made by the DAC． 4．Which can be a suitable title for the passage? A．AI is Changing Music Creation B．AI Composers VS Human Composers C．How AI Replaces Human Composers D．Colombo Helped Create the DAC 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文介绍了瑞士科学家研发的人工智能算法“深度艺术作曲家(DAC)”，它能自主创作原创音乐，虽目前存在局限，但展示了AI在音乐创作领域的新可能，同时也说明人类作曲家的创造力无法被算法取代。 1．文章第一段，作者先提出 “音乐是声音中的美，为何不借助 AI 创作自己的音乐”，接着介绍 AI 能控制家中灯光、帮我们点披萨等多种用途，引出 “AI 能否像人类一样创作音乐” 的核心疑问，整体是在分享关于AI 的不同观点与应用方向，以此引出全文主题。 2．倒数第二段提到“Colombo said that his purpose in creating the DAC was to help people create their own music… It’s said that he used to throw dice to help him pick which notes to use when making new music.”，说明科伦博提到莫扎特是为了解释他创造DAC的目的。 3．倒数第三段提到“we shouldn’t expect the DAC to replace real-life composers any time soon.”，说明DAC不能取代现实生活中的作曲家。 4．全文围绕AI在音乐创作领域的发展、应用及局限展开，核心是AI正在改变音乐创作，A选项“AI is Changing Music Creation”最能概括文章主旨。 Dark, cold and wet, a cave deep in the mountains of Wulong district, Chongqing, welcomed special visitors in winter. From December 2025 to January 2026, 28 astronauts joined China’s first cave-training mission, reported Xinhua. They were divided into four teams, with each team spending six days and five nights in the cave while carrying out tasks such as scientific research and basic life-support work. The cave environment shares many similarities with space. Astronauts are separated from the outside world, have very little room to move and have limited privacy or physical comfort. These conditions can be copied in special training areas, but nothing is better than the real experience and unexpected challenges of a natural cave, according to Beijing Daily. Inside the cave, the temperature stays at an average of about 8 C, and the humidity (湿度) reaches up to 99 percent. The cave has many narrow passages and steep rock walls, pushing astronauts to their physical limits. Sudden dangers, such as falling rocks or getting lost, help astronauts improve their quick-thinking and decision-making skills. Cave training also helps astronauts develop mental strength. Jiang Yuan, a psychological trainer for the astronauts, entered the cave herself during the early planning stage. “The biggest challenge for me was the darkness,” Jiang told Xinhua. “I lost track of time, my memory started to blur and my reactions slowed down.” Zhu Yangzhu, an astronaut who joined the cave training, also mentioned the strange quietness, similar to space. “We could hear our own heartbeat and breath,” he told CGTN after coming out of the cave. Humans are active during the day and enjoy social contact. Staying too long in darkness and being alone can cause anxiety and even hallucinations (幻觉), according to the American Psychological Association. To help astronauts get used to life in the cave, Jiang and her team used group support methods. “The data we gathered will help guide future long-term space station missions and manned lunar missions,” Jiang told Xinhua. The European Space Agency (ESA) began studying the use of natural caves for astronaut training in 2005. Ye Guangfu took part in one of ESA’s cave training programs in Italy in 2016. “Compared with the European training, our support team intervened (干预) as little as possible,” Ye told Xinhua. This allows astronauts to trust their own instincts (直觉) and solve problems on their own, he added. 1．What is the key reason a natural cave is better than special training areas for astronaut training? A．Its conditions are closer to those in real space. B．It costs less than specially built training areas. C．It gives trainees a more comfortable environment. D．It offers real experience and unplanned challenges. 2．How did the psychological team help astronauts adapt to life in the cave? A．By recording their health data. B．By giving individual guidance. C．By using group support methods. D．By arranging (安排) specific social activities. 3．According to Ye, how was China’s cave training different from ESA’s training? A．It lasted longer per session. B．Its safety measures were more complete. C．Its support team was less involved. D．It was more physically challenging. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 【导语】本文介绍了中国首次在重庆武隆天然洞穴开展的航天员洞穴训练任务，说明了洞穴训练模拟太空环境、锻炼航天员身心素质的价值，还对比了中国训练和欧洲空间局同类训练的不同特点。 1．根据第三段内容“These conditions can be copied in special training areas, but nothing is better than the real experience and unexpected challenges of a natural cave”可知，特殊训练区也能模拟类似太空的环境，但没有什么比天然洞穴能提供真实体验和不可预见的突发挑战，对应D选项的表述。 2．倒数第二段明确说明：“To help astronauts get used to life in the cave, Jiang and her team used group support methods.”，为了帮助宇航员适应洞穴生活，心理团队采用了团队支持法，直接对应C选项。 3．最后一段叶光富明确对比：“Compared with the European training, our support team intervened (干预) as little as possible”，和欧空局的训练相比，中国训练的支持团队尽可能少干预，也就是支持团队介入更少，对应C选项。 What do you think causes the northern lights? Many years ago, people who saw waves of colour dance across the sky at night were afraid. Some people made up stories to explain what today is known as the northern lights, or aurora borealis (北极光). The sun gives off particles (粒子) filled with energy. Large groups of these particles travel together. They are called solar wind. They travel through space at hundreds of miles per second. Even at that speed, it still takes several days to reach Earth. When the solar wind gets close to Earth, it moves toward the North Pole and the South Pole. These particles enter the atmosphere (大气层) near the poles. They run into gases in the atmosphere. The energy that is made in that crash creates lights. When lots of these crashes happen, northern lights can be seen from Earth. Northern lights are harmless, but they can be frightening if you don’t know what they are. As far as scientists can tell, the northern lights do not make any sounds that people can hear. However, if you live where the northern lights appear, you might notice problems with your radio or cell phone when the lights are strong, because the activity messes with the signals (信号) in the atmosphere. The northern lights are amazing, especially the first time you see them. Even at the highest latitudes (纬度), the lowest part of the lights is about 60 miles above Earth. They can reach up to 600 miles into the atmosphere. Imagine what a light show you would see if you were an astronaut looking down on the northern lights from space. 1．Where is this passage most likely from? A．A travel guide. B．A story book. C．A news report. D．A science magazine. 2．How are the northern lights formed? A．Solar wind hits air gases. B．Sun sends out energy particles. C．Particles travel fast in space. D．Particles move to Earth’s poles. 3．What problem may the northern lights bring? A．They may use up energy high above Earth. B．They may cause trouble for cell phone signals. C．They may harm the people living near the poles. D．They may stop astronauts from seeing Earth clearly. 4．How does the writer organize the information in the passage? A．By comparing past and present views. B．By describing problems and solutions. C．By telling stories from different cultures. D．By explaining causes and effects step by step. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文介绍北极光的成因、相关现象、影响及外观特点，属于科普知识。 1．全文介绍科学知识，这类内容常出现在科学杂志上。 2．第三段提到“They run into gases in the atmosphere. The energy that is made in that crash creates lights.”，说明太阳风与大气气体碰撞形成北极光。 3．第四段提到“you might notice problems with your radio or cell phone when the lights are strong”，说明北极光会影响手机信号。 4．文章先解释成因，再说明影响，按因果顺序逐步说明。 There are many problems that young people have to face when we stop being children. At this age all feelings and emotions are very strong. All problems seem very important. The first terrible thing is misunderstanding from the dearest people—parents. They do not understand why we need to buy things we want to buy, listen to this type of music or spend most of our spare time with our friends. We do not want to hurt their feelings but they should try to understand us. The same misunderstanding we face sometimes comes from the side of the teachers. They think that youth is given for studying. But a person who only studies is dull (无趣的). Some teachers do not understand that youth is the time for us to learn about people and about ourselves, to play and to try things. They try to keep us away from all dangers in our lives. But teenagers need adults to take them seriously and give them a friendly hand, not a punishment. ▲ I think, young people need to have pocket money for buying books, pens, ice-cream and so on. But I do not think it is a good idea to ask parents to give me some money. If I find a part-time job, they will say it distracts (使分心) me from studies. If I ask for money, they say they spend too much on my school, clothes and other things. Sometimes the problem of fashion appears. My parents try to buy me clothes to their taste. Sometimes that’s all right, but sometimes I want something more fashionable, especially for summer. Then we can argue (争吵) for hours. It is interesting that in the question of clothes, my mother is on my side, but in the question of books and music, my father supports me. Being young is not easy, but it is an important time to learn and grow. Problems like these may feel big now, but they also help us understand ourselves better. If we can talk with adults honestly, find good friends who support us, and be true to who we are, we will get through these years smoothly. Remember, all these experiences—the good and the hard—are preparing us for the future ahead. 1．Which of the following sentences can be put in ▲ ? A．The problem of money is important as well. B．A part-time job is another common problem. C．It’s hard for us to ask parents for some money. D．Saving money is a necessary skill for the future. 2．Which sentence would the writer keep in his diary? A．I am too busy to take part-time jobs. B．I like my parents to buy clothes for me. C．I want to make more choices by myself. D．I hope my teachers help me with my study. 3．How is the passage organized? A．Time order. B．Space order. C．From specific to general. D．From general to specific. 4．What’s the main purpose of the passage? A．To show youth is even better than adulthood. B．To encourage teenagers to take on challenges. C．To advise teenagers to face problems bravely. D．To guide teenagers to deal with their daily needs. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文讲述青少年成长中面临的误解、金钱、时尚等问题，并给出应对建议。 1．第四段引出话题：“young people need to have pocket money...”，整段围绕金钱问题展开，说明金钱也是重要问题。 2．文中多处表达：“they should try to understand us” “I want something more fashionable”，体现作者希望自己做选择。 3．首段总述青少年面临很多问题，中间分段具体介绍，结尾总结，是从总到分的结构。 4．尾段建议：“If we can talk with adults honestly...we will get through these years smoothly”，鼓励青少年勇敢面对成长问题。 Qinqiang Opera is one of the earliest forms of opera in China. It started from the ancient folk songs and dances of the Han people in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. According to historical records, the local opera dates all the way back to the Qin dynasty. Qinqiang Opera shows the daily life and feelings of ancient Chinese people. In 2006, Qinqiang Opera was added to China’s National Intangible Heritage List (非物质文化遗产名录). Hou Yan, 48, the master of Qinqiang Opera, started learning it from her mother when she was 4 years old. Training in the basic skills of Qinqiang Opera is very challenging. In 1985, Hou studied at an art school in Ningxia, where teachers were very strict with students. Leg stretching (伸展), waist bending (弯曲) and somersaults (翻筋斗) were just some of her daily training routines. Her hard work paid off. Hou became a performer with a troupe at the age of 16. But since 1993, the sweeping trend (趋势) of pop and Western music has hit Qinqiang Opera hard. The troupe was closed and Hou had no choice but to leave the opera stage she loved. After 1995, however, China has made great efforts to develop its traditional culture. Hou returned to the stage in 2000 and devoted herself to the opera form. “I knew I’d planted my roots on the opera stage,” said Hou. Now, Hou’s team presents hundreds of Qinqiang Opera performances every year in the towns and villages of Ningxia. The average age of Hou’s opera team is 30. In 2021, they staged about 150 school performances. “As we become more confident about our culture, more young people take traditional culture as a fashionable trend and become promoters of our own culture,” says Hou. 1．Why does the writer mention Hou Yan’s daily training in Paragraph 2? A．To explain why Hou Yan left the opera stage in the 1990s. B．To prove the art school in Ningxia was popular at that time. C．To show how difficult it is to master Qinqiang Opera’s basic skills. D．To express that Qinqiang Opera’s basic skills are mainly for the young. 2．Which of the following shows the development of Qinqiang Opera? A． B． C． D． 3．What does Hou Yan’s team’s work show about the inheritance of Qinqiang Opera? A．Qinqiang’s inheritance needs young people’s efforts. B．Government support is the key to Qinqiang’s survival. C．Western music doesn’t have much influence on Qinqiang. D．School shows get more attention than village shows for Qinqiang. 4．What can we learn from Hou Yan’s words in the last paragraph? A．Traditional art can be promoted if it follows Western music. B．Traditional culture should be considered as a fashion for fun. C．Cultural confidence can lead to promoting traditional culture. D．Culture promoting needs support from people around the world. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了中国最古老的戏曲形式之一——秦腔的历史渊源，以及秦腔艺术家侯艳从小学艺、历经波折到回归舞台并致力于传承的感人故事。 1．第二段详细描述了侯艳在艺校的日常训练，包括“Leg stretching, waist bending and somersaults were just some of her daily training routines.”，并且提到“teachers were very strict”，这些内容旨在说明掌握秦腔基本功的艰辛与挑战。 2．秦腔起源于秦代，1985年侯艳进入宁夏艺校学习，1993年受到打击，1995年中国大力发展传统文化，20年秦腔重返舞台，2021年举办约150场学校演出。对应“上升→下降→再上升”的曲线，与选项B的曲线图对应。 3．第四段提到侯艳的团队每年演出数百场，且“The average age of Hou’s opera team is 30.”，第五段提到他们进行了大量校园演出，说明年轻一代正在参与到秦腔的传承中，这体现了传承需要年轻人的努力。 4．最后一段侯艳说“As we become more confident about our culture, more young people take traditional culture as a fashionable trend and become promoters of our own culture.”，明确指出文化自信促使年轻人成为传统文化的推广者。 ①Chinese animated film Nobody《浪浪山小妖怪》has become a dark horse sweeping the box office this summer. After 29 days, it had made over 1.4 billion yuan. Many people love it, giving it a high score of 8.6 out of 10 on Douban, a famous review website. ②The story follows a small pig monster who lives in a place called Langlang Mountain. He works hard for the Cave King, but doesn’t know how to please the king and makes him angry. After losing his job, he decides to leave the mountain and teams up with three other small and nameless monsters. Together, they pretend (假装) to be the famous group from Journey to the West and start a dangerous journey to grow and find their true selves. ③The film touches hearts because it shows the hardship of common people. The little monsters face big challenges and laugh at difficulties. Even though they are weak, they fight bravely. Many viewers (观众) say they see themselves in these characters. ④Nobody also stands out for its beautiful art style. Made by Shanghai Animation Film Studio, it uses traditional Chinese painting skills. The soft colors of ink-wash paintings and detailed brushwork create a special, dreamlike world. Scenes like foggy mountains or the fur on the monsters look very real and artistic. The movie shows respect for Chinese culture, too. For example, it references (参考) the classic 1986 TV show Journey to the West and ancient buildings from Shanxi Province. These small details make the story feel both old and new. ⑤Nobody is more than just a movie. It shows that Chinese stories can be told in fresh, exciting ways. As one viewer said, “The real hero is someone who keeps trying, even when things are tough.” This simple but powerful message makes Nobody a must-watch for everyone. 1．What can we know about the box office and Douban score of the animated film Nobody? A．It made over 1.4 billion yuan in the first 29 days and got 8.6 points on Douban. B．It swept the box office and got 10 points on Douban. C．It made 1.4 billion yuan in total and was loved by few people. D．It got a low score on Douban though it was a box-office success. 2．What does the underlined word “hardship” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．happiness B．difficulty C．luck D．wealth 3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．The film Nobody is made by Shanghai Animation Film Studio. B．The film Nobody has a beautiful art style and shows respect for Chinese culture. C．The ink-wash painting in the film create a dreamlike world. D．The film references the 1986 TV show Journey to the West. 4．Which of the following elements in the film is NOT mentioned as a way to show respect for Chinese culture? A．Traditional Chinese painting skills. B．The classic 1986 TV show Journey to the West. C．Ancient building from Shanxi Province. D．Traditional Chinese folk music. 5．What can we learn from Nobody? A．Only a strong person can be a hero. B．Giving up is the best choice. C．Keeping trying makes a real hero. D．Famous stories are always better. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．C 【导语】这篇文章主要讲了《浪浪山小妖怪》这部国产动画电影的火爆表现和成功原因。 1．细节理解题。根据“After 29 days, it had made over 1.4 billion yuan. Many people love it, giving it high score of 8.6 out of 10 on Douban, a famous review website.”可知，电影在29天内票房超过14亿元，豆瓣评分为8.6分。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“The film touches hearts because it shows the hardship of common people. The little monsters face big challenges and laugh at difficulties. Even though they are weak, they fight bravely.”可知，小妖怪们要面对巨大挑战，笑对困难，故推出hardship意为“困难”或“艰辛”。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据“Nobody also stands out for its beautiful art style.”及“The movie shows respect for Chinese culture, too.”可知，本段主要介绍了电影的两个特点：水墨画风格的艺术表现及对中国文化的致敬。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“it uses traditional Chinese painting skills.”及“it references (参考) the classic 1986 TV show Journey to the West and ancient buildings from Shanxi Province”可知，提到的中国文化元素包括水墨画技巧、参考1986版《西游记》和山西古建筑，没有提到传统民乐。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据“The real hero is someone who keeps trying,”可知，真正的英雄是即使处境艰难也坚持尝试的人。故选C。 Since the comedy TV show Amazing Night 2 was first shown on Tencent Video on Sept 26, it has started lively discussions about its sketch comedies (小品喜剧). Wang Xinran, 31, is one of the comedy writers for Amazing Night 2. In 2016, she took an improv comedy (即兴喜剧) course in Shanghai and fell in love with this art form. Since then, she has performed in about 1,000 improv comedy shows. “In improv comedy, what is performed on stage is not planned in advance; instead, it is created by actors on the spot,” Wang explained. After developing her acting skills and taking writing classes, Wang wrote a few comedy scripts and got the chance to write for Amazing Night 2. At the show, she worked with actors to create a sketch comedy called That Day, I Was on the Rooftop. Creating a comedy show often needs teamwork between actors and writers, as they act out a story idea and turn it into a complete scene through improvisation (即兴创作). That’s why Wang believes improv acting skills help build a strong base for comedy writing. Before the show is filmed, writers and actors must change something to improve their scripts all the time based on audience feedback. “We polish (润色) every script until the last second, adding more jokes and changing actors’ performances,” Wang said. Though many believe comedies are always positive, they often start with a negative feeling or idea. “For example, if you’re angry with someone who loves telling others what to do, you can turn that feeling into a ‘game’,” Wang said. In this case, the “game” can be a person who lectures others anytime and anywhere. With this idea, the writer can then decide the setting and character relationships to make the show as funny as possible. While comedies always try to be funny, Wang believes a good comedy show should also connect with the audience. “Comedies have the power to heal (治愈), and that’s a big reason behind Amazing Night 2’s success,” Wang said. 1．What can we learn about Wang Xinran’s comedy experience from the passage? A．She became a comedy actor right after taking acting classes. B．She has already written over 1000 comedy scripts since 2016. C．She started to show her love for comedy with an improv course. D．She works as a full-time teacher of improv comedy writing at school. 2．Before the show is filmed, how do writers and actors make their scripts better? A．By strictly following the writer’s suggestions. B．By making changes based on the audience’s advice. C．By changing all the negative ideas into positive ones. D．By learning funny points from other popular comedies. 3．What does Wang Xinran mean by the “game” when writing a sketch comedy? A．It is an unplanned performance made up by actors on the stage. B．It is a humorous situation mainly created from positive feelings. C．It means an interesting idea developed from unpleasant emotions. D．It means the competition between writers to create the funniest script. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To advise people to take improv courses to become comedy writers. B．To tell readers when the TV show Amazing Night 2 became successful. C．To share Wang Xinran’s experience and opinions on comedy creation. D．To explain the differences between sketch comedy and improv comedy. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了喜剧编剧Wang Xinran的成长经历，以及她对即兴喜剧、小品创作和喜剧治愈力量的理解与看法。 1．第二段提到“In 2016, she took an improv comedy course in Shanghai and fell in love with this art form.”，说明她是通过一门即兴喜剧课程开始爱上喜剧的。 2．第四段提到“Before the show is filmed, writers and actors must change something to improve their scripts all the time based on audience feedback.”，表明编剧和演员会根据观众的反馈不断修改剧本。 3．第五段提到“For example, if you’re angry with someone who loves telling others what to do, you can turn that feeling into a ‘game’.”，这个例子说明“game”是将负面情绪（如愤怒）转化为有趣的喜剧设定。 4．全文围绕Wang Xinran的个人经历展开，讲述了她如何接触即兴喜剧、如何成为编剧、以及她对喜剧创作的看法，因此主要目的是分享她的经验和观点。 Have you ever thought that seemingly bad events in our lives might actually carry hidden blessings? This idea is what we call the broken umbrella theory. It suggests that every small unlucky moment we are faced with in our daily lives actually has a deeper purpose. Picture this: on a rainy morning, you’re rushing to an important job interview when your umbrella breaks, water soaking your suit. Frustrated (沮丧的) and worried about your appearance, you quickly run into a coffee shop for shelter in a hurry. There, you start a conversation with a stranger, sharing your hobby, work experiences, career goals and so on. To your surprise, this person is a manager at a famous company. Impressed by your passion and excellent working experience, he offers you a well-paid job right away—a far better chance than the interview you might miss. What seems like bad luck suddenly turns into a wonderful surprise. In other words, the broken umbrella theory encourages you to change your thinking pattern. When we choose to view the world in a more positive (积极的) light, we can be less anxious and stop worrying that we can’t manage what’s going on around us. Instead of focusing on small problems that aren’t actually that serious, it helps us learn to see the bigger picture. It also pushes us to find value in the difficulties we face. This way, we become better at dealing with future troubles, thus making us more ready for the future hardships. So, next time you feel yourself becoming worried or frustrated by an inconvenience (麻烦), try reshaping your thoughts by telling yourself what you are thankful for the inconvenience. While keeping a positive mindset can go a long way, the broken umbrella theory is not without its disadvantages. Be mindful that if you only focus on positive thoughts, you’re actually stopping yourself from dealing with challenging or tough emotions. You end up just pretending (假装) everything is okay, instead of truly facing and understanding how you really feel. 1．Which of the following is an example of the broken umbrella theory? A．Getting good grades after studying hard. B．Meeting a good friend after missing a plane. C．Becoming friends again after dealing with problems. D．Losing a job because you forgot to wake up on time. 2．How does the broken umbrella theory influence you according to Paragraph 3? A．It helps you avoid small troubles in your daily life. B．It pushes you to think more about future difficulties. C．It makes you feel more worried when facing failures. D．It gets you to think positively when you are in trouble. 3．What may happen if you only care about positive thoughts? A．You may solve difficult problems smoothly. B．You may stay far away from your true feelings. C．You’ll improve your ability when dealing with troubles. D．You’ll discover more value when facing daily difficulties. 4．What is probably the best title for the text? A．Practice Makes Perfect B．Better Late Than Never C．It Never Rains But It Pours D．Every Cloud Has A Silver Lining 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文通过提出“破伞理论”，阐释了“生活中小挫折可能隐含意外机遇”的哲学观点，并辩证分析了该理论的实践价值与潜在局限。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段举例“雨伞损坏→躲雨进咖啡店→偶遇经理获得好工作”可知，该理论核心是“看似倒霉的小事带来意外好运”。选项中“错过飞机后遇到了好朋友”符合“因小挫折引发积极转折”的逻辑。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In other words, the broken umbrella theory encourages you to change your thinking pattern. When we choose to view the world in a more positive (积极的) light, we can be less anxious and stop worrying that we can’t manage what’s going on around us.”可知，破伞理论鼓励你转变思维模式，以更积极的眼光看待世界。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“if you only focus on positive thoughts... you’re actually stopping yourself from dealing with challenging or tough emotions”可知，过度乐观可能导致逃避真实感受。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。全文围绕“坏事件可能隐含转机”展开，强调以积极视角看待挫折。英文谚语“Every Cloud Has A Silver Lining (乌云背后总有一线光芒)”完美呼应这一主题。故选D。 重难语篇练习 Like millions of Americans, I am dyslexic (有读写障碍的). I can’t remember which side is my right and which is my left. I know this makes no sense. After all, I have no problem telling the difference between other things. I know up from down. I know black from white. I know forks from spoons. And yet, I do not know left from right. My brain is not wired that way. This is true for many dyslexics, and I suspect multimodal large language models (MLLMs) may be dyslexic too. As a kid with dyslexia, school was very hard for me. For example, we humans created two lowercase (小写字体的) letters in the English alphabet — “b” and “d” — that are only different because one points left and one points right. For decades, I could not tell the difference. This is a very common problem among dyslexics. The same is true for telling time on traditional clock faces — it only makes sense if you know the difference between clockwise and counterclockwise. These challenges don’t end in elementary school. I still remember getting a problem wrong in a physics class at Stanford because I applied the “right-hand rule” with my left hand. Dyslexia has nothing to do with focus or intelligence — your brain just works differently from the people who created the cultural conventions we use in symbolic languages, mathematics, and many branches of science. I surely know what’s going on. It all relates to the “mind’s eye.” By this, I mean the way I visualize things inside my mind and store spatial (空间的) elements in memory. When I recall things in my mind (objects, environments, images, or text), I don’t visualize them from a fixed first-person perspective. I think about them from all directions at once. This brings me back to MLLMs that process and interpret images and videos. These models are remarkable. They can match or exceed human performance on countless tasks, for example, diagnosing cancers from visual slides better than any human. And yet, a recent study found a surprising result: Nowadays all major MLLMs have troubles in telling time on analog clocks (模拟时钟). According to the study, GPT-4.0 was only able to correctly read clock faces 8% of the time. Claude-3-5-sonnet was worse at 6%. Gemini 2.0 was the best, but still at only 20%. These numbers are surprisingly low, especially when you consider that these AI models can perform so well in other contexts. This is surprisingly similar to dyslexia in humans, not just in the simple artifacts that cause problems like clocks, but in the contradictory mix of strengths and weaknesses that enables a person like me to earn a PhD (博士学位) and work successfully as a computer scientist and engineer, and yet still fail the “turn left here” test. 1．The phrase “mind’s eye” (paragraph 4) refers to ______. A．literal visual perception through biological eyes B．a medical device used to treat dyslexia C．the brain’s ability to form and store mental images D．a metaphor for intelligence quotient (IQ) 2．What does the underlined word “interpret” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Learn. B．Understand. C．Explain. D．Translate. 3．Why do MLLMs struggle to read analog clocks accurately, according to the passage? A．Their cognitive process of spatial information is similar to that of dyslexic humans. B．They were primarily trained on digital clocks, leaving analog clock recognition underdeveloped. C．Clock faces require understanding of cultural conventions, which AI lacks compared to humans. D．Their visual recognition systems focus more on object detection like cancer diagnosis than directional interpretation. 4．Why does the author emphasize that he failed a physics task due to left-right confusion yet ultimately earned a PhD? A．To argue that universities should lower some standards for dyslexic students B．To suggest AI could make up for human limitations in scientific research. C．To reflect that physics is uniquely difficult for people with spatial processing differences. D．To highlight that dyslexia’s problems are particular rather than reflective of overall intellectual ability. 5．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．The Complete Guide to Dyslexia Treatments B．When Machines Mirror Human Learning disabilities C．Are Large Language Models Dyslexic? D．Why Schools Must Adapt to Dyslexic Students 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要通过作者个人经历与AI表现的类比，探讨了诵读困难的认知特点，并提出了一个有趣的猜想：多模态大语言模型(MLLMs)可能也存在类似的“数字诵读困难”。 1．第四段中“By this, I mean the way I visualize things inside my mind and store spatial ( 空间的) elements in memory.”明确解释了 “mind’s eye”的含义，即在脑海中想象事物并在记忆中存储空间元素的方式，选项C与之对应。 2．第五段第一句“This brings me back to MLLMs that process and interpret images and videos.”中，process“处理”与“interpret”动词并列，推断出“interpret”在语境中为“对图像和视频进行理解和解读”之意，选项B“理解”与之对应。 3．第五段“Nowadays all major MLLMs have troubles in telling time on analog clocks (模拟时钟).”提到了MLLMs在阅读模拟时钟时表现极差，最后一段“This is surprisingly similar to dyslexia in humans, not just in the simple artifacts that cause problems like clocks, but in the contradictory mix of strengths and weaknesses...”指出了原因，即MLLMs的问题与人类诵读困难者的认知特点相似——在处理空间方向信息（如左右、时钟方向）时存在特定障碍，但在其他任务上表现优异。选项A与之对应。 4．第四段第一句“Dyslexia has nothing to do with focus or intelligence”表明阅读障碍与专注力或智力毫无关系，最后一段“...but in the contradictory mix of strengths and weaknesses that enables a person like me to earn a PhD (博士学位) and work successfully as a computer scientist and engineer, and yet still fail the “turn left here” test.”指出诵读困难者具有优势与劣势的矛盾组合，从而表明诵读困难的问题只是特定的，并不反映整体智力水平。选项D与之对应。 5．文章描述主线为作者先讲述自己作为诵读困难者的体验(左右不分、时钟困难)；再将这种体验与MLLMs在类似任务(如读模拟时钟)上的失败进行类比；最后探讨MLLMs是否也可能存在某种“数字诵读困难”。选项C与之对应。 When people think of a classic detective, one name often comes to mind first: Sherlock Holmes. Created by British writer Sir Arthur Conan Doyle over 130 years ago, this character has never gone out of style. You might have seen him in modern TV shows, movies, or even as a reference in your favorite video games. But what makes this fictional detective, who lived at 221B Baker Street in London during the 1800s, so endlessly fascinating and educational for students today? The answer lies not in action scenes, but in his method: the power of observation and logical reasoning, which he called “the science of deduction.” Holmes is not a superhero with physical powers. His “superpower” is his mind. He trains himself to see everything that others hardly look at. In the story A Scandal in Bohemia, he deduces that a visitor has come from Afghanistan just by observing his skin tone, his stiff arm, and his military bearing. He explains, “You see, but you do not observe. The distinction is clear.” For students, this is the first key lesson: paying active attention to details—in texts, in experiments, in daily life—is a skill that can be developed. Holmes treats every piece of information as a potential clue, and every clue as a piece of a puzzle. His most famous case, The Hound of the Baskervilles, showcases his method perfectly. When a man is found dead on the misty moors with a look of terror on his face, local people believe in a ghostly dog curse. Holmes, however, refuses to accept a supernatural explanation. He visits the scene, not just once, but in secret, to observe without influencing events. He measures footprints, analyzes the type of mud, and questions the timing of events. He separates emotional fears from factual evidence. Ultimately, he reveals the crime was committed by a human using a trained dog and clever tricks. This teaches a critical idea for any investigation: seek rational, evidence-based explanations before jumping to easy or sensational conclusions. Beyond solving crimes, the character of Holmes teaches about the balance of knowledge. He has a vast understanding of chemistry, soil types, and newspaper archives, but famously does not know that the Earth goes around the Sun because he sees that fact as irrelevant to his work. His extreme view sparks debate: is it better to be a specialist or a generalist? For students, it highlights the importance of building a broad knowledge base while also diving deep into areas of passion. Finally, Holmes’s relationship with his friend and assistant, Dr. John Watson, is central. Watson stands for the reader—smart but not a genius, who needs the detective’s reasoning explained. Through their conversations, we learn how Holmes connects his clues. This partnership shows that collaboration and clear communication are vital, even for a brilliant mind. Sherlock Holmes’s lasting legacy is that he turned detective work into a science of thinking, proving that the most powerful tool for solving mysteries—whether in stories, history, or math problems—is a trained, observant, and logical mind. 1．What is described as Sherlock Holmes’s true “superpower”? A．His observation and logical reasoning. B．His ability to use magical tools. C．His physical strength and fighting skills. D．His knowledge of every fact in the world. 2．In the example from A Scandal in Bohemia, what does Holmes criticize about most people? A．They see things but don’t observe them. B．They are not strong and clever enough. C．They are afraid of traveling very much. D．They do not think critically. 3．What does the passage say Holmes’s limited knowledge about astronomy (the Earth and Sun) sparks a debate about? A．The importance of being good at all subjects. B．Whether detectives should study science. C．The value of being a specialist versus a generalist in learning. D．If a detective should explore the mysteries in space. 4．What important role does Dr. Watson play in the stories, according to the passage? A．He does all the dangerous physical work and helps Holmes connect the clues to all cases. B．He often solves the cases before Holmes does. C．He is the real genius behind the solving of the cases. D．He represents the reader, showing the value of working and communicating with others. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文介绍了经典侦探角色夏洛克·福尔摩斯，分析了他的核心能力、办案方法、知识观以及华生的角色，阐明了福尔摩斯对学生的教育意义——培养观察、逻辑推理与广泛学习的能力。 1．第1段提到“his method of observation and logical reasoning, which he called ‘the science of deduction.’”，第2段明确指出“His ‘superpower’ is his mind.”，说明福尔摩斯真正的“超能力”是观察与逻辑推理能力。 2．第2段提到福尔摩斯说“You see, but you do not observe. The distinction is clear.”，批判大多数人只是看见事物却没有真正观察。 3．第4段提到“His extreme view sparks debate: is it better to be a specialist or a generalist?”，说明福尔摩斯的天文学知识局限引发了关于“学习中做专家还是通才”的价值讨论。 4．最后一段提到“Dr. John Watson, is central. Watson stands for the reader—smart but not a genius, who needs the detective’s reasoning explained… This partnership shows that collaboration and clear communication are vital”，说明华生代表读者，展现了与他人合作、沟通的价值。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 阅读理解之说明文10篇 （南京专用） 内容导航 内容速递 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 内容速递 本资料共10篇专项训练 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 Music is beauty in sounds. Why not make your own music with the help of AI? Artificial intelligence (AI) can do many different things. From controlling the lights in our homes to helping us order pizzas, it seems there aren’t many more uses for AI than we already have. However, can AI make music like human beings? Thanks to a team of Swiss scientists, AI may soon be able to come up with music especially for us. Researchers at the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland have created a computer algorithm (算法), the “Deep Artificial Composer” (DAC), which can create original music all by itself. Florian Colombo, an EPFL scientist who helped create the DAC, said that AI could produce complete melodies (旋律), with a beginning and an end. At present, the DAC is only able to produce several pieces of traditional Irish folk music, but it’s hoped that it will be able to create songs based on any type of music in the end. To “teach” the DAC, the scientists trained it to “listen” to over 2,000 different folk songs. Based on this input (输入), the AI taught itself how to compose music, from getting the pitch (音高) and timing right, to choosing the right notes. This process is still in its early stages, with the DAC still not producing perfect results, but Colombo told AFP that the AI’s music is still “quite pleasant to listen to.” While the idea sounds very hopeful, we shouldn’t expect the DAC to replace real-life composers any time soon. According to Colombo, the system was designed to produce only simple melodies. So far, it can only create songs based on a single instrument. Colombo said that his purpose in creating the DAC was to help people create their own music, not to have it made for them. His exciting new ideas came from Austrian composer Wolfgang Mozart. It’s said that he used to throw dice (掷骰子) to help him pick which notes to use when making new music. “A good composer with creative ideas will never be replaced by an algorithm.” Colombo told AFP. 1．How does the writer begin the passage? A．By sharing different ideas on AI. B．By explaining the meaning of AI. C．By showing the development of AI. D．By presenting the advantages of AI. 2．Why does Colombo mention Austrian composer Wolfgang Mozart? A．To express his respect for Mozart. B．To present his achievement on AI music. C．To praise Mozart’s contribution to music. D．To explain his purpose in creating the DAC． 3．What can we learn about the DAC from the passage? A．The DAC was refused by some composers. B．The DAC can’t be used instead of real-life composers. C．Music creation has to depend on the DAC． D．Scientists are amazed at music made by the DAC． 4．Which can be a suitable title for the passage? A．AI is Changing Music Creation B．AI Composers VS Human Composers C．How AI Replaces Human Composers D．Colombo Helped Create the DAC Dark, cold and wet, a cave deep in the mountains of Wulong district, Chongqing, welcomed special visitors in winter. From December 2025 to January 2026, 28 astronauts joined China’s first cave-training mission, reported Xinhua. They were divided into four teams, with each team spending six days and five nights in the cave while carrying out tasks such as scientific research and basic life-support work. The cave environment shares many similarities with space. Astronauts are separated from the outside world, have very little room to move and have limited privacy or physical comfort. These conditions can be copied in special training areas, but nothing is better than the real experience and unexpected challenges of a natural cave, according to Beijing Daily. Inside the cave, the temperature stays at an average of about 8 C, and the humidity (湿度) reaches up to 99 percent. The cave has many narrow passages and steep rock walls, pushing astronauts to their physical limits. Sudden dangers, such as falling rocks or getting lost, help astronauts improve their quick-thinking and decision-making skills. Cave training also helps astronauts develop mental strength. Jiang Yuan, a psychological trainer for the astronauts, entered the cave herself during the early planning stage. “The biggest challenge for me was the darkness,” Jiang told Xinhua. “I lost track of time, my memory started to blur and my reactions slowed down.” Zhu Yangzhu, an astronaut who joined the cave training, also mentioned the strange quietness, similar to space. “We could hear our own heartbeat and breath,” he told CGTN after coming out of the cave. Humans are active during the day and enjoy social contact. Staying too long in darkness and being alone can cause anxiety and even hallucinations (幻觉), according to the American Psychological Association. To help astronauts get used to life in the cave, Jiang and her team used group support methods. “The data we gathered will help guide future long-term space station missions and manned lunar missions,” Jiang told Xinhua. The European Space Agency (ESA) began studying the use of natural caves for astronaut training in 2005. Ye Guangfu took part in one of ESA’s cave training programs in Italy in 2016. “Compared with the European training, our support team intervened (干预) as little as possible,” Ye told Xinhua. This allows astronauts to trust their own instincts (直觉) and solve problems on their own, he added. 1．What is the key reason a natural cave is better than special training areas for astronaut training? A．Its conditions are closer to those in real space. B．It costs less than specially built training areas. C．It gives trainees a more comfortable environment. D．It offers real experience and unplanned challenges. 2．How did the psychological team help astronauts adapt to life in the cave? A．By recording their health data. B．By giving individual guidance. C．By using group support methods. D．By arranging (安排) specific social activities. 3．According to Ye, how was China’s cave training different from ESA’s training? A．It lasted longer per session. B．Its safety measures were more complete. C．Its support team was less involved. D．It was more physically challenging. What do you think causes the northern lights? Many years ago, people who saw waves of colour dance across the sky at night were afraid. Some people made up stories to explain what today is known as the northern lights, or aurora borealis (北极光). The sun gives off particles (粒子) filled with energy. Large groups of these particles travel together. They are called solar wind. They travel through space at hundreds of miles per second. Even at that speed, it still takes several days to reach Earth. When the solar wind gets close to Earth, it moves toward the North Pole and the South Pole. These particles enter the atmosphere (大气层) near the poles. They run into gases in the atmosphere. The energy that is made in that crash creates lights. When lots of these crashes happen, northern lights can be seen from Earth. Northern lights are harmless, but they can be frightening if you don’t know what they are. As far as scientists can tell, the northern lights do not make any sounds that people can hear. However, if you live where the northern lights appear, you might notice problems with your radio or cell phone when the lights are strong, because the activity messes with the signals (信号) in the atmosphere. The northern lights are amazing, especially the first time you see them. Even at the highest latitudes (纬度), the lowest part of the lights is about 60 miles above Earth. They can reach up to 600 miles into the atmosphere. Imagine what a light show you would see if you were an astronaut looking down on the northern lights from space. 1．Where is this passage most likely from? A．A travel guide. B．A story book. C．A news report. D．A science magazine. 2．How are the northern lights formed? A．Solar wind hits air gases. B．Sun sends out energy particles. C．Particles travel fast in space. D．Particles move to Earth’s poles. 3．What problem may the northern lights bring? A．They may use up energy high above Earth. B．They may cause trouble for cell phone signals. C．They may harm the people living near the poles. D．They may stop astronauts from seeing Earth clearly. 4．How does the writer organize the information in the passage? A．By comparing past and present views. B．By describing problems and solutions. C．By telling stories from different cultures. D．By explaining causes and effects step by step. There are many problems that young people have to face when we stop being children. At this age all feelings and emotions are very strong. All problems seem very important. The first terrible thing is misunderstanding from the dearest people—parents. They do not understand why we need to buy things we want to buy, listen to this type of music or spend most of our spare time with our friends. We do not want to hurt their feelings but they should try to understand us. The same misunderstanding we face sometimes comes from the side of the teachers. They think that youth is given for studying. But a person who only studies is dull (无趣的). Some teachers do not understand that youth is the time for us to learn about people and about ourselves, to play and to try things. They try to keep us away from all dangers in our lives. But teenagers need adults to take them seriously and give them a friendly hand, not a punishment. ▲ I think, young people need to have pocket money for buying books, pens, ice-cream and so on. But I do not think it is a good idea to ask parents to give me some money. If I find a part-time job, they will say it distracts (使分心) me from studies. If I ask for money, they say they spend too much on my school, clothes and other things. Sometimes the problem of fashion appears. My parents try to buy me clothes to their taste. Sometimes that’s all right, but sometimes I want something more fashionable, especially for summer. Then we can argue (争吵) for hours. It is interesting that in the question of clothes, my mother is on my side, but in the question of books and music, my father supports me. Being young is not easy, but it is an important time to learn and grow. Problems like these may feel big now, but they also help us understand ourselves better. If we can talk with adults honestly, find good friends who support us, and be true to who we are, we will get through these years smoothly. Remember, all these experiences—the good and the hard—are preparing us for the future ahead. 1．Which of the following sentences can be put in ▲ ? A．The problem of money is important as well. B．A part-time job is another common problem. C．It’s hard for us to ask parents for some money. D．Saving money is a necessary skill for the future. 2．Which sentence would the writer keep in his diary? A．I am too busy to take part-time jobs. B．I like my parents to buy clothes for me. C．I want to make more choices by myself. D．I hope my teachers help me with my study. 3．How is the passage organized? A．Time order. B．Space order. C．From specific to general. D．From general to specific. 4．What’s the main purpose of the passage? A．To show youth is even better than adulthood. B．To encourage teenagers to take on challenges. C．To advise teenagers to face problems bravely. D．To guide teenagers to deal with their daily needs. Qinqiang Opera is one of the earliest forms of opera in China. It started from the ancient folk songs and dances of the Han people in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. According to historical records, the local opera dates all the way back to the Qin dynasty. Qinqiang Opera shows the daily life and feelings of ancient Chinese people. In 2006, Qinqiang Opera was added to China’s National Intangible Heritage List (非物质文化遗产名录). Hou Yan, 48, the master of Qinqiang Opera, started learning it from her mother when she was 4 years old. Training in the basic skills of Qinqiang Opera is very challenging. In 1985, Hou studied at an art school in Ningxia, where teachers were very strict with students. Leg stretching (伸展), waist bending (弯曲) and somersaults (翻筋斗) were just some of her daily training routines. Her hard work paid off. Hou became a performer with a troupe at the age of 16. But since 1993, the sweeping trend (趋势) of pop and Western music has hit Qinqiang Opera hard. The troupe was closed and Hou had no choice but to leave the opera stage she loved. After 1995, however, China has made great efforts to develop its traditional culture. Hou returned to the stage in 2000 and devoted herself to the opera form. “I knew I’d planted my roots on the opera stage,” said Hou. Now, Hou’s team presents hundreds of Qinqiang Opera performances every year in the towns and villages of Ningxia. The average age of Hou’s opera team is 30. In 2021, they staged about 150 school performances. “As we become more confident about our culture, more young people take traditional culture as a fashionable trend and become promoters of our own culture,” says Hou. 1．Why does the writer mention Hou Yan’s daily training in Paragraph 2? A．To explain why Hou Yan left the opera stage in the 1990s. B．To prove the art school in Ningxia was popular at that time. C．To show how difficult it is to master Qinqiang Opera’s basic skills. D．To express that Qinqiang Opera’s basic skills are mainly for the young. 2．Which of the following shows the development of Qinqiang Opera? A． B． C． D． 3．What does Hou Yan’s team’s work show about the inheritance of Qinqiang Opera? A．Qinqiang’s inheritance needs young people’s efforts. B．Government support is the key to Qinqiang’s survival. C．Western music doesn’t have much influence on Qinqiang. D．School shows get more attention than village shows for Qinqiang. 4．What can we learn from Hou Yan’s words in the last paragraph? A．Traditional art can be promoted if it follows Western music. B．Traditional culture should be considered as a fashion for fun. C．Cultural confidence can lead to promoting traditional culture. D．Culture promoting needs support from people around the world. ①Chinese animated film Nobody《浪浪山小妖怪》has become a dark horse sweeping the box office this summer. After 29 days, it had made over 1.4 billion yuan. Many people love it, giving it a high score of 8.6 out of 10 on Douban, a famous review website. ②The story follows a small pig monster who lives in a place called Langlang Mountain. He works hard for the Cave King, but doesn’t know how to please the king and makes him angry. After losing his job, he decides to leave the mountain and teams up with three other small and nameless monsters. Together, they pretend (假装) to be the famous group from Journey to the West and start a dangerous journey to grow and find their true selves. ③The film touches hearts because it shows the hardship of common people. The little monsters face big challenges and laugh at difficulties. Even though they are weak, they fight bravely. Many viewers (观众) say they see themselves in these characters. ④Nobody also stands out for its beautiful art style. Made by Shanghai Animation Film Studio, it uses traditional Chinese painting skills. The soft colors of ink-wash paintings and detailed brushwork create a special, dreamlike world. Scenes like foggy mountains or the fur on the monsters look very real and artistic. The movie shows respect for Chinese culture, too. For example, it references (参考) the classic 1986 TV show Journey to the West and ancient buildings from Shanxi Province. These small details make the story feel both old and new. ⑤Nobody is more than just a movie. It shows that Chinese stories can be told in fresh, exciting ways. As one viewer said, “The real hero is someone who keeps trying, even when things are tough.” This simple but powerful message makes Nobody a must-watch for everyone. 1．What can we know about the box office and Douban score of the animated film Nobody? A．It made over 1.4 billion yuan in the first 29 days and got 8.6 points on Douban. B．It swept the box office and got 10 points on Douban. C．It made 1.4 billion yuan in total and was loved by few people. D．It got a low score on Douban though it was a box-office success. 2．What does the underlined word “hardship” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．happiness B．difficulty C．luck D．wealth 3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．The film Nobody is made by Shanghai Animation Film Studio. B．The film Nobody has a beautiful art style and shows respect for Chinese culture. C．The ink-wash painting in the film create a dreamlike world. D．The film references the 1986 TV show Journey to the West. 4．Which of the following elements in the film is NOT mentioned as a way to show respect for Chinese culture? A．Traditional Chinese painting skills. B．The classic 1986 TV show Journey to the West. C．Ancient building from Shanxi Province. D．Traditional Chinese folk music. 5．What can we learn from Nobody? A．Only a strong person can be a hero. B．Giving up is the best choice. C．Keeping trying makes a real hero. D．Famous stories are always better. Since the comedy TV show Amazing Night 2 was first shown on Tencent Video on Sept 26, it has started lively discussions about its sketch comedies (小品喜剧). Wang Xinran, 31, is one of the comedy writers for Amazing Night 2. In 2016, she took an improv comedy (即兴喜剧) course in Shanghai and fell in love with this art form. Since then, she has performed in about 1,000 improv comedy shows. “In improv comedy, what is performed on stage is not planned in advance; instead, it is created by actors on the spot,” Wang explained. After developing her acting skills and taking writing classes, Wang wrote a few comedy scripts and got the chance to write for Amazing Night 2. At the show, she worked with actors to create a sketch comedy called That Day, I Was on the Rooftop. Creating a comedy show often needs teamwork between actors and writers, as they act out a story idea and turn it into a complete scene through improvisation (即兴创作). That’s why Wang believes improv acting skills help build a strong base for comedy writing. Before the show is filmed, writers and actors must change something to improve their scripts all the time based on audience feedback. “We polish (润色) every script until the last second, adding more jokes and changing actors’ performances,” Wang said. Though many believe comedies are always positive, they often start with a negative feeling or idea. “For example, if you’re angry with someone who loves telling others what to do, you can turn that feeling into a ‘game’,” Wang said. In this case, the “game” can be a person who lectures others anytime and anywhere. With this idea, the writer can then decide the setting and character relationships to make the show as funny as possible. While comedies always try to be funny, Wang believes a good comedy show should also connect with the audience. “Comedies have the power to heal (治愈), and that’s a big reason behind Amazing Night 2’s success,” Wang said. 1．What can we learn about Wang Xinran’s comedy experience from the passage? A．She became a comedy actor right after taking acting classes. B．She has already written over 1000 comedy scripts since 2016. C．She started to show her love for comedy with an improv course. D．She works as a full-time teacher of improv comedy writing at school. 2．Before the show is filmed, how do writers and actors make their scripts better? A．By strictly following the writer’s suggestions. B．By making changes based on the audience’s advice. C．By changing all the negative ideas into positive ones. D．By learning funny points from other popular comedies. 3．What does Wang Xinran mean by the “game” when writing a sketch comedy? A．It is an unplanned performance made up by actors on the stage. B．It is a humorous situation mainly created from positive feelings. C．It means an interesting idea developed from unpleasant emotions. D．It means the competition between writers to create the funniest script. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To advise people to take improv courses to become comedy writers. B．To tell readers when the TV show Amazing Night 2 became successful. C．To share Wang Xinran’s experience and opinions on comedy creation. D．To explain the differences between sketch comedy and improv comedy. Have you ever thought that seemingly bad events in our lives might actually carry hidden blessings? This idea is what we call the broken umbrella theory. It suggests that every small unlucky moment we are faced with in our daily lives actually has a deeper purpose. Picture this: on a rainy morning, you’re rushing to an important job interview when your umbrella breaks, water soaking your suit. Frustrated (沮丧的) and worried about your appearance, you quickly run into a coffee shop for shelter in a hurry. There, you start a conversation with a stranger, sharing your hobby, work experiences, career goals and so on. To your surprise, this person is a manager at a famous company. Impressed by your passion and excellent working experience, he offers you a well-paid job right away—a far better chance than the interview you might miss. What seems like bad luck suddenly turns into a wonderful surprise. In other words, the broken umbrella theory encourages you to change your thinking pattern. When we choose to view the world in a more positive (积极的) light, we can be less anxious and stop worrying that we can’t manage what’s going on around us. Instead of focusing on small problems that aren’t actually that serious, it helps us learn to see the bigger picture. It also pushes us to find value in the difficulties we face. This way, we become better at dealing with future troubles, thus making us more ready for the future hardships. So, next time you feel yourself becoming worried or frustrated by an inconvenience (麻烦), try reshaping your thoughts by telling yourself what you are thankful for the inconvenience. While keeping a positive mindset can go a long way, the broken umbrella theory is not without its disadvantages. Be mindful that if you only focus on positive thoughts, you’re actually stopping yourself from dealing with challenging or tough emotions. You end up just pretending (假装) everything is okay, instead of truly facing and understanding how you really feel. 1．Which of the following is an example of the broken umbrella theory? A．Getting good grades after studying hard. B．Meeting a good friend after missing a plane. C．Becoming friends again after dealing with problems. D．Losing a job because you forgot to wake up on time. 2．How does the broken umbrella theory influence you according to Paragraph 3? A．It helps you avoid small troubles in your daily life. B．It pushes you to think more about future difficulties. C．It makes you feel more worried when facing failures. D．It gets you to think positively when you are in trouble. 3．What may happen if you only care about positive thoughts? A．You may solve difficult problems smoothly. B．You may stay far away from your true feelings. C．You’ll improve your ability when dealing with troubles. D．You’ll discover more value when facing daily difficulties. 4．What is probably the best title for the text? A．Practice Makes Perfect B．Better Late Than Never C．It Never Rains But It Pours D．Every Cloud Has A Silver Lining 重难语篇练习 Like millions of Americans, I am dyslexic (有读写障碍的). I can’t remember which side is my right and which is my left. I know this makes no sense. After all, I have no problem telling the difference between other things. I know up from down. I know black from white. I know forks from spoons. And yet, I do not know left from right. My brain is not wired that way. This is true for many dyslexics, and I suspect multimodal large language models (MLLMs) may be dyslexic too. As a kid with dyslexia, school was very hard for me. For example, we humans created two lowercase (小写字体的) letters in the English alphabet — “b” and “d” — that are only different because one points left and one points right. For decades, I could not tell the difference. This is a very common problem among dyslexics. The same is true for telling time on traditional clock faces — it only makes sense if you know the difference between clockwise and counterclockwise. These challenges don’t end in elementary school. I still remember getting a problem wrong in a physics class at Stanford because I applied the “right-hand rule” with my left hand. Dyslexia has nothing to do with focus or intelligence — your brain just works differently from the people who created the cultural conventions we use in symbolic languages, mathematics, and many branches of science. I surely know what’s going on. It all relates to the “mind’s eye.” By this, I mean the way I visualize things inside my mind and store spatial (空间的) elements in memory. When I recall things in my mind (objects, environments, images, or text), I don’t visualize them from a fixed first-person perspective. I think about them from all directions at once. This brings me back to MLLMs that process and interpret images and videos. These models are remarkable. They can match or exceed human performance on countless tasks, for example, diagnosing cancers from visual slides better than any human. And yet, a recent study found a surprising result: Nowadays all major MLLMs have troubles in telling time on analog clocks (模拟时钟). According to the study, GPT-4.0 was only able to correctly read clock faces 8% of the time. Claude-3-5-sonnet was worse at 6%. Gemini 2.0 was the best, but still at only 20%. These numbers are surprisingly low, especially when you consider that these AI models can perform so well in other contexts. This is surprisingly similar to dyslexia in humans, not just in the simple artifacts that cause problems like clocks, but in the contradictory mix of strengths and weaknesses that enables a person like me to earn a PhD (博士学位) and work successfully as a computer scientist and engineer, and yet still fail the “turn left here” test. 1．The phrase “mind’s eye” (paragraph 4) refers to ______. A．literal visual perception through biological eyes B．a medical device used to treat dyslexia C．the brain’s ability to form and store mental images D．a metaphor for intelligence quotient (IQ) 2．What does the underlined word “interpret” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Learn. B．Understand. C．Explain. D．Translate. 3．Why do MLLMs struggle to read analog clocks accurately, according to the passage? A．Their cognitive process of spatial information is similar to that of dyslexic humans. B．They were primarily trained on digital clocks, leaving analog clock recognition underdeveloped. C．Clock faces require understanding of cultural conventions, which AI lacks compared to humans. D．Their visual recognition systems focus more on object detection like cancer diagnosis than directional interpretation. 4．Why does the author emphasize that he failed a physics task due to left-right confusion yet ultimately earned a PhD? A．To argue that universities should lower some standards for dyslexic students B．To suggest AI could make up for human limitations in scientific research. C．To reflect that physics is uniquely difficult for people with spatial processing differences. D．To highlight that dyslexia’s problems are particular rather than reflective of overall intellectual ability. 5．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．The Complete Guide to Dyslexia Treatments B．When Machines Mirror Human Learning disabilities C．Are Large Language Models Dyslexic? D．Why Schools Must Adapt to Dyslexic Students When people think of a classic detective, one name often comes to mind first: Sherlock Holmes. Created by British writer Sir Arthur Conan Doyle over 130 years ago, this character has never gone out of style. You might have seen him in modern TV shows, movies, or even as a reference in your favorite video games. But what makes this fictional detective, who lived at 221B Baker Street in London during the 1800s, so endlessly fascinating and educational for students today? The answer lies not in action scenes, but in his method: the power of observation and logical reasoning, which he called “the science of deduction.” Holmes is not a superhero with physical powers. His “superpower” is his mind. He trains himself to see everything that others hardly look at. In the story A Scandal in Bohemia, he deduces that a visitor has come from Afghanistan just by observing his skin tone, his stiff arm, and his military bearing. He explains, “You see, but you do not observe. The distinction is clear.” For students, this is the first key lesson: paying active attention to details—in texts, in experiments, in daily life—is a skill that can be developed. Holmes treats every piece of information as a potential clue, and every clue as a piece of a puzzle. His most famous case, The Hound of the Baskervilles, showcases his method perfectly. When a man is found dead on the misty moors with a look of terror on his face, local people believe in a ghostly dog curse. Holmes, however, refuses to accept a supernatural explanation. He visits the scene, not just once, but in secret, to observe without influencing events. He measures footprints, analyzes the type of mud, and questions the timing of events. He separates emotional fears from factual evidence. Ultimately, he reveals the crime was committed by a human using a trained dog and clever tricks. This teaches a critical idea for any investigation: seek rational, evidence-based explanations before jumping to easy or sensational conclusions. Beyond solving crimes, the character of Holmes teaches about the balance of knowledge. He has a vast understanding of chemistry, soil types, and newspaper archives, but famously does not know that the Earth goes around the Sun because he sees that fact as irrelevant to his work. His extreme view sparks debate: is it better to be a specialist or a generalist? For students, it highlights the importance of building a broad knowledge base while also diving deep into areas of passion. Finally, Holmes’s relationship with his friend and assistant, Dr. John Watson, is central. Watson stands for the reader—smart but not a genius, who needs the detective’s reasoning explained. Through their conversations, we learn how Holmes connects his clues. This partnership shows that collaboration and clear communication are vital, even for a brilliant mind. Sherlock Holmes’s lasting legacy is that he turned detective work into a science of thinking, proving that the most powerful tool for solving mysteries—whether in stories, history, or math problems—is a trained, observant, and logical mind. 1．What is described as Sherlock Holmes’s true “superpower”? A．His observation and logical reasoning. B．His ability to use magical tools. C．His physical strength and fighting skills. D．His knowledge of every fact in the world. 2．In the example from A Scandal in Bohemia, what does Holmes criticize about most people? A．They see things but don’t observe them. B．They are not strong and clever enough. C．They are afraid of traveling very much. D．They do not think critically. 3．What does the passage say Holmes’s limited knowledge about astronomy (the Earth and Sun) sparks a debate about? A．The importance of being good at all subjects. B．Whether detectives should study science. C．The value of being a specialist versus a generalist in learning. D．If a detective should explore the mysteries in space. 4．What important role does Dr. Watson play in the stories, according to the passage? A．He does all the dangerous physical work and helps Holmes connect the clues to all cases. B．He often solves the cases before Holmes does. C．He is the real genius behind the solving of the cases. D．He represents the reader, showing the value of working and communicating with others. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $