专题02 Units 3～4（语法综合练）英语沪教版选择性必修第三册

专题02 Units 3~4（语法综合练） （建议用时：40分钟） 一、单项选择。 二、单句语法填空。 三、完成句子。 四、语法填空。 一、单项选择 1．I can’t find my wallet now. I it in the bus just now, but I’m not sure. A．should leave B．might have left C．must have left D．might leave 2．The letters were beautifully illustrated, so each of them ________ its author a long time to complete. A．could take B．should have taken C．might take D．must have taken 3．I can’t find my keys. I ________ them in the car, but I’m not sure. A．must have left B．must leave C．may leave D．might have left 4．I’m not feeling well physically. It strikes me that I ________ a personal fitness plan to keep myself healthier. A．should set up B．must have set up C．should have set up D．must set up 5．Nobody answered the phone at his home. He ________ out to the supermarket, as he often does on Sunday mornings. A．should have gone B．must go C．might go D．must have gone 6．Lily got the first prize in the speech contest. She ________ many times last week. A．couldn’t have practised B．must have practised C．could practise D．might practise 7．Life is not always easy. You ________ some moments when you were disappointed. A．have B．could have had C．may had D．must have had 8．Judging by his confident expression, I am sure that he ________ fully for the exam. A．could have prepared B．must have prepared C．should have prepared D．may have prepared 9．From what I heard about their hotel and the terrible weather, they________ their holiday at all. A．would have enjoyed B．shouldn’t have enjoyed C．needn’t have enjoyed D．can’t have enjoyed 10．—I performed in the closing ceremony of English Festival held in our school yesterday. —Really? It ________ the highlight of your senior high. A．must be B．must have been C．should be D．should have been 二、单句语法填空 11．Look!The student seated in the corner of the classroom is (bury) in a novel while the teacher is giving a lesson. 12．Please remain (seat) ; the car is turning around a sharp turn. 13．When Bob got (absorb) in his world of music, he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him, like he had in his previous life. 14．Mr. Brown got up at six, got (dress) and went out to run along the river. 15．The students were (thrill) to learn that they would have the opportunity to meet a famous scientist in person. 16．The televisions are rented rather than (buy), so that they can be replaced with more up-to-date models at any time. 17． (locate) at the city centre of Nanjing was a statue of Sun Zhongshan. 18．When employees feel (misunderstand), they may have a low efficiency in the workplace. 19．His dream is to get (employ) by a bank, so he studies hard to improve his professional skills. 20．My efforts finally paid off and my academic scores got (improve). 21．People feel more and more (cheat) and get more and more angry. 22．Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish. 23．It’s hard to train children to be well (behave) at the table. 24．I was (involve) in reading so I didn’t hear your knock at the door. 25．I felt greatly （honour）to be invited here to give a speech. 26．We were (impress) by the small class size with no more than 15 students in each classroom. 27．I don’t think what he said is (relate) to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point. 28．Under the threat of illness, they are still (engage) in medical work, which is really admirable. 29．He would be (stick) in a low-level position because of it. 30．We became (trap) by the rising floodwater. 三、完成句子 31．既然玛丽不和我们一起吃晚饭，我们就不需要买这么多食物。 __________________________ now that Mary won’t be with us for dinner. 32．他们本该午饭时到达，但他们的航班延误了。 ________________ but their flight was delayed. 33．太遗憾了！鉴于他的能力和经验，他本可能做得更好。 What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, ________________________. 34．她不可能离开了学校，因为她的自行车仍然在这儿。 __________________________, for her bike is still here. 35．杰克把他的父亲描述为一个意志坚强的战士，他的父亲多年前肯定很勇敢。 Jack described his father, __________________ many years ago, as a strong-willed warrior. 36．马克本来不必要那匆忙的。这么高速驾驶之后，他早半个小时到达了。 ________________. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. 37．简感到被冷落，孤独使她感到绝望。 Jane _____________. 38．我们沉迷于壮丽的风景和当地人们的热情好客(hospitality)之中。(be absorbed in) _________the splendid scenery and the local people’s hospitality. 39．简感到被冷落, 孤独使她感到绝望。 ________________, Jane got desperate with loneliness. (非谓语动词作状语) 40．他们陶醉在景色中。 They were ________ of the scenery. 四、语法填空 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Friend or Enemy? It’s clear that the viruses 41 (trap) in our genome (基因组) have brought us enormous benefits on an evolutionary timescale. But they aren’t all so helpful. Around one in twenty human babies is born with a new viral ‘jump’ somewhere in its genome, which could deactivate an important gene and cause disease. There’s increasing evidence 42 jumping transposons (跳跃基因) contribute to the genetic problems inside cancer cells. And research suggests that brain cells are particularly good locations for reactivating jumping genes, possibly increasing the diversity of nerve cells and enhancing our brainpower but also potentially causing ageing-related memory problems 43 (occur). So are these viruses inside our DNA our friends or our enemies? Paolo Mita, a postdoctoral fellow researching transposons at NYU School of Medicine in New York, 44 (suggest) that it’s a bit of both. “I’ll call them our ‘frenemies’, because when you look at their role   45 one human lifespan, they are going to produce negative effects if 46 (mobilize),” he explains. “In the short term, they are our enemies. On the other hand, if you are looking across time, these elements are a powerful force of evolution and they are still active in our species today. Evolution is just the way 47 organisms respond to changes in the environment, and in this case they are definitely our friends because they have shaped 48 our genome works now.” And are the viruses   49 (infect) us today going to have an impact on our evolution in the future? “Of course! The answer is why not?” laughs Mita. “But it will be many generations until we can look back and say this evolution has happened. But you can see the remains of previous arms races in the genome between the endogenous retroviruses (内源性逆转录病毒) and the host cells. It’s a continuous battle, and I don’t think it   50 (stop) ever.” Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Cats have the power to glow in the dark, scientists discover Cats always land on their feet and are seen as a symbol of good luck in some cultures. They enjoy nine lives. But now the cat folk story has received an extra boost as scientists have found they can even glow in the dark. The domestic cat is one of 125 species that 51 (find) to have fluorescent (荧光的) properties that make them glow under UV light. This ability has been noted in various animals, including humans, but it was never known 52 widespread it was. Scientists in Australia reviewed a museum’s collection of mammals to see how many glowed in the dark 53 a UV light was turned on. They found 125 species had the ability. The research found that all 27 orders(目)—the level above genus(属)— 54 (have) members that possessed fluorescent properties. “Fluorescence was most common and most intense among night-active species, with more of their body 55 (be) more fluorescent,” the study authors said. “ 56 remains unclear whether fluorescence has any specific biological role for mammals. It appears to be a common property of colorless fur and skin. But it may function 57 (make) these areas appear brighter therefore enhancing visual signaling. This is especially true for night-active species.” There are various forms of fluorescence, but all involve the absorption of light and a low-level emission, 58 often resembles a glow. The role of this phenomenon in nature remains unknown but is likely to help animals of the same species communicate. People and rabbits were the first mammals 59 (show) to have fluorescent properties when an academic paper in 1911 found human hair could emit light in the UV range. Over the years, a few studies have identified specific individual species 60 fluorescent capabilities and provided unproven story-based evidence. 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 Units 3~4（语法综合练） （建议用时：40分钟） 一、单项选择。 二、单句语法填空。 三、完成句子。 四、语法填空。 一、单项选择 1．I can’t find my wallet now. I it in the bus just now, but I’m not sure. A．should leave B．might have left C．must have left D．might leave 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意：我现在找不到我的钱包了。我刚才可能把它落在公交车上了，但我不确定。这里是对过去发生事情的推测，might have done表示对过去发生事情的不确定推测，“可能做过某事”符合“不确定钱包是否落在公交车上”这一语境。故选B项。 2．The letters were beautifully illustrated, so each of them ________ its author a long time to complete. A．could take B．should have taken C．might take D．must have taken 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：这些信都配有精美的插图，所以每一封都一定花了作者很长时间才完成。A. could take可能会花费（对现在或将来的推测）；B. should have taken本应该花费（表示对过去行为的期望或建议，但实际未发生）；C. might take可能会花费（对现在或将来的推测，可能性较小）；D. must have taken一定花费了（对过去事实的肯定推测）。因为信都配有精美的插图，所以可以推测出每一封信的完成都一定花费了作者很长时间，这是对过去事实的肯定推测，故用must have taken。故选D。 3．I can’t find my keys. I ________ them in the car, but I’m not sure. A．must have left B．must leave C．may leave D．might have left 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词表推测。句意：我找不到我的钥匙了。我可能把它们落在车里了，但我不确定。根据“but I’m not sure”可知，此处表示对过去事情的不确定推测，“must have done”表示对过去情况的肯定推测，意为“一定做了某事”，不符合语境；“may leave”和“must leave”都表示对现在情况的推测，而此处说的是钥匙可能落在车里这一过去的事情，所以排除；“might have done”表示对过去事情的不确定推测，意为“可能做了某事”，符合语境。故选D。 4．I’m not feeling well physically. It strikes me that I ________ a personal fitness plan to keep myself healthier. A．should set up B．must have set up C．should have set up D．must set up 【答案】C 【详解】考查含情态动词的虚拟语气用法。句意：我身体不太舒服。我突然意识到自己应该制定一个个人健身计划，以让自己更健康。分析句子可知，第一句说“I’m not feeling well physically”（我身体感觉不舒服）。第二句“It strikes me that...”意为“我突然意识到……”。这是一个典型的虚拟语气语境，表示对过去事情的后悔或反思。说话者现在身体不好，是因为过去没有制定健身计划。所以此处为should have done的虚拟语气用法。表示“过去本应该做某事，但实际上没做”，带有责备或遗憾的语气，符合语境。故选C项。 5．Nobody answered the phone at his home. He ________ out to the supermarket, as he often does on Sunday mornings. A．should have gone B．must go C．might go D．must have gone 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：他家里没人接电话。他一定是去了超市，就像他每个星期天早上常做的那样。A. should have gone本应该去(但实际上没去)；B. must go必须去；C. might go可能去；D. must have gone一定去了(表示对过去事情的肯定推测)。根据上文“Nobody answered the phone at his home.”以及后文“as he often does on Sunday mornings”可知，他每个星期天早上常去超市，所以此处表示对过去发生事情的肯定推测，应用must have done。故选D项。 6．Lily got the first prize in the speech contest. She ________ many times last week. A．couldn’t have practised B．must have practised C．could practise D．might practise 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词+ have done的用法。句意：莉莉获得了演讲比赛一等奖。她上周肯定练习了很多次。根据句意可知，此处应表示“过去一定练习过”，是对过去的肯定推测，语气十分确定。结合“拿一等奖”的结果，能推断出她上周肯定反复练习了，符合逻辑。故选B项。 7．Life is not always easy. You ________ some moments when you were disappointed. A．have B．could have had C．may had D．must have had 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意：生活并不总是一帆风顺的。你一定有过失望的时候。根据“Life is not always easy.”和“some moments when you were disappointed.”可知，此处表示对过去情况的肯定推测，用must have done“肯定/一定做过某事”。故选D。 8．Judging by his confident expression, I am sure that he ________ fully for the exam. A．could have prepared B．must have prepared C．should have prepared D．may have prepared 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：从他自信的表情来看，我相信他一定为考试做了充分的准备。A. could have prepared本可以准备，表示过去本可以做某事但实际上没做；B. must have prepared一定做好准备，表示对过去事情的肯定推测；C. should have prepared本应该准备，表示过去本应该做某事但实际上没做；D. may have prepared可能已经准备，表示对过去事情的可能性推测。根据“Judging by his confident expression,”可知，他自信的表情可以很肯定地推测他一定为考试做了充分准备。故选B。 9．From what I heard about their hotel and the terrible weather, they________ their holiday at all. A．would have enjoyed B．shouldn’t have enjoyed C．needn’t have enjoyed D．can’t have enjoyed 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词+完成式。句意：从我所听到的关于他们的酒店和糟糕的天气来看，他们根本不可能享受他们的假期。根据语境，这里需要表达一种否定性的推测，即“不可能享受假期”。A. would have enjoyed表示“本来会享受”（虚拟语气，常用于与过去事实相反的假设），但题干没有虚拟条件，且句意需要否定含义，排除。B. shouldn’t have enjoyed表示“本不该享受”（责备或后悔的语气），但句意是客观推测而非主观评价，排除。C. needn’t have enjoyed表示“本不必享受”（强调不必要），与句意无关，排除。D. can’t have enjoyed表示“不可能享受”（对过去的否定推测），符合句意，正确。故选D。 10．—I performed in the closing ceremony of English Festival held in our school yesterday. —Really? It ________ the highlight of your senior high. A．must be B．must have been C．should be D．should have been 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意：——我昨天在我校举行的英语节闭幕式上表演了。 ——真的? 那一定是你高中最精彩的时刻了。情态动词用法must have done表示对过去情况的肯定的有把握的推测，符合句意，根据昨天优秀表现推测当时肯定是高中生活的高光时刻。故选B项。 二、单句语法填空 11．Look!The student seated in the corner of the classroom is (bury) in a novel while the teacher is giving a lesson. 【答案】buried 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看！坐在教室角落里的那个学生正在老师讲课时埋头看小说。be buried in“埋头于……，忙于……”是固定搭配，过去分词buried作表语。故填buried。 12．Please remain (seat) ; the car is turning around a sharp turn. 【答案】seated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：请在座位上坐着；车马上急转弯。remain/be seated“保持坐着的状态，坐着”，过去分词作表语。故填seated。 13．When Bob got (absorb) in his world of music, he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him, like he had in his previous life. 【答案】absorbed 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：当鲍勃沉浸在他的音乐世界里时，他感觉自己仿佛能“看见”周围世界的美好，就像他前世那样。分析句子可知，空格处考查固定搭配get absorbed in，意为“全神贯注于、沉浸在……中”。absorbed是过去分词作表语，此处表示状态，符合语境。故填absorbed。 14．Mr. Brown got up at six, got (dress) and went out to run along the river. 【答案】dressed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：布朗先生六点起床，穿上衣服，然后出去沿着河边跑步。固定搭配get dressed“穿上衣服”，过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态。故填 dressed。 15．The students were (thrill) to learn that they would have the opportunity to meet a famous scientist in person. 【答案】thrilled 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学生们得知将有机会亲自见到一位著名科学家，感到非常激动。句中谓语动词为系动词were，空处应用非谓语动词作表语，thrill为动词，其过去分词转化而来的形容词为thrilled，意为“感到激动的”，表达学生们的心理状态，说明学生们处于激动的情绪之中。故填thrilled。 16．The televisions are rented rather than (buy), so that they can be replaced with more up-to-date models at any time. 【答案】bought 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：电视是租来的，而不是买来的，这样它们就可以随时被更新型的电视所替换。rather than表示“而不是”，连接两个并列的成分，由于rented是过去分词形式，表示“租来的”，空处和rented并列，应填过去分词形式bought，表示“买来的”。故填bought。 17． (locate) at the city centre of Nanjing was a statue of Sun Zhongshan. 【答案】Located 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：坐落在南京市中心的是一座孙中山雕像。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词。be located in/at…是固定短语，意为“坐落在……”。此处是完全倒装句，located at the city centre of Nanjing在句中作表语。故填Located。 18．When employees feel (misunderstand), they may have a low efficiency in the workplace. 【答案】misunderstood 【详解】考查动词的过去分词作表语。句意：当员工感到被误解时，他们的工作效率可能会很低。设空处为非谓语在when引导的时间状语从句中作表语，和其逻辑主语employees之间是逻辑的被动关系，应用动词过去分词的形式作表语。故填misunderstood。 19．His dream is to get (employ) by a bank, so he studies hard to improve his professional skills. 【答案】employed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他的梦想是在银行工作，所以他努力学习以提高自己的专业技能。此处是“get＋动词-ed形式”，表示被动。故填employed。 20．My efforts finally paid off and my academic scores got (improve). 【答案】improved 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的努力终于得到了回报，我的学习成绩得到了提高。此处improve与scores为被动关系，故用过去分词作表语。故填improved。 21．People feel more and more (cheat) and get more and more angry. 【答案】cheated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：人们感到越来越受骗，越来越生气。此处非谓语动词cheat与逻辑主语people构成被动关系，故用过去分词作表语。故填cheated。 22．Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish. 【答案】swept 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Pahlsson和她的丈夫现在认为戒指可能被扔进了厨房的垃圾堆。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做表语，需使用非谓语动词形式，因与其逻辑主语the ring之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应使用过去分词，故填swept。 23．It’s hard to train children to be well (behave) at the table. 【答案】behaved 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：要训练孩子在餐桌上举止得体是很难的。结合句意表示“举止得体”可知短语为be well behaved，故填behaved。 24．I was (involve) in reading so I didn’t hear your knock at the door. 【答案】involved 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：我正忙于阅读，所以没有听到你敲门的声音。be involved in doing sth.是固定短语，意为“参加；参与；和……关系密切”。故填involved。 25．I felt greatly （honour）to be invited here to give a speech. 【答案】honoured 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：我很荣幸被邀请在这里发表演讲。分析句子可知，空格处应填入过去分词作表语。feel honoured to do sth. 意为“对做某事感到荣幸”。故填honoured。 26．We were (impress) by the small class size with no more than 15 students in each classroom. 【答案】impressed 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：每个教室不超过15个学生的小班给我们留下了深刻的印象。此处表示“对……印象深刻”，应用固定搭配be impressed by，故填impressed。 27．I don’t think what he said is (relate) to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point. 【答案】related 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：我认为他所说的和我们今天讨论的话题无关。他没有抓住要点。be related to是个固定搭配，意为＂和……相关＂。故填related。 28．Under the threat of illness, they are still (engage) in medical work, which is really admirable. 【答案】engaged 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：在疾病的威胁下，他们仍然从事医疗工作，这真是令人钦佩。be engaged in是固定短语，意为“从事”，因此空格处是engaged，故填engaged。 29．He would be (stick) in a low-level position because of it. 【答案】stuck 【详解】考查固定短语和过去分词。句意：他会因此被困在一个低级别的职位上。be stuck in是固定短语，意为“陷于，被困在”，因此空格处用过去分词stuck，故填stuck。 30．We became (trap) by the rising floodwater. 【答案】trapped 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：我们被不断上涨的洪水困住了。“我们”和“困住”之间是被动关系，用过去分词作表语，所以填trapped。 三、完成句子 31．既然玛丽不和我们一起吃晚饭，我们就不需要买这么多食物。 __________________________ now that Mary won’t be with us for dinner. 【答案】We needn’t have bought so much food 【详解】考查情态动词+have done结构。主语为we；表示“本来不需要做某事”用needn’t have done；表示“买这么多食物”为buy so much food。首字母大写。故填We needn’t have bought so much food。 32．他们本该午饭时到达，但他们的航班延误了。 ________________ but their flight was delayed. 【答案】They should have arrived at lunch time 【详解】考查should have done结构。should have done表示“本应该做某事（但实际未做）”，“午饭时”对应at lunch time，该结构可准确体现句子中“本该到达却因航班延误未按时到达”的虚拟语气语义。句首单词首字母大写，故填：They should have arrived at lunch time。 33．太遗憾了！鉴于他的能力和经验，他本可能做得更好。 What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, ________________________. 【答案】he could have done it better 【详解】考查含情态动词的虚拟语气。根据句意以及句子结构可知，句子表达“本可能做得更好（但实际上没做到）”，是对过去事情的虚拟，需要用情态动词 + have done的结构。could have done：表示“本能够 / 本可能做某事（但没做）”，符合句意。“Considering his ability and experience”（鉴于他的能力和经验）是现在分词短语作状语，暗示了他有能力做得更好，与后面的虚拟语气形成对比。此处需要用代词 it 来指代前面提到的“那件事”或 “那个任务”。表示“更好”为副词比较级better。故填he could have done it better。 34．她不可能离开了学校，因为她的自行车仍然在这儿。 __________________________, for her bike is still here. 【答案】She can’t have left school 【详解】考查情态动词。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“她不可能离开了学校”，空处是对过去事情的推测，应用情态动词+have done的结构，can’t have done表示“不可能做过某事”，语气肯定，用于对过去发生动作的否定推测，“她”用主格代词she，“离开”用动词leave，过去分词为left，“她不可能离开了学校”应用she can’t have left school，句首单词首字母需大写。故填She can’t have left school。 35．杰克把他的父亲描述为一个意志坚强的战士，他的父亲多年前肯定很勇敢。 Jack described his father, __________________ many years ago, as a strong-willed warrior. 【答案】who must have been a brave man 【详解】考查定语从句和情态动词表推测。“_____ many years ago”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词his father，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导该从句；“肯定……”表示对过去情况的肯定推测，用“must have been…”,“很勇敢”作表语，可理解为“一个勇敢的人”，译为a brave man。故填who must have been a brave man。 36．马克本来不必要那匆忙的。这么高速驾驶之后，他早半个小时到达了。 ________________. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. 【答案】Mark needn’t have hurried up 【详解】考查情态动词和短语。“本没有必要做某事”用needn’t have done；“匆忙”用短语hurry up。故填Mark needn’t have hurried up。 37．简感到被冷落，孤独使她感到绝望。 Jane _____________. 【答案】felt left out and was getting desperate with loneliness 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。“感到”使用动词feel，描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，“冷落”使用动词短语leave out，和主语She之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作feel的表语，“孤独”使用名词loneliness，“使……感到绝望”使用动词短语get desperate with，此处是描述过去一段时间内的状态，使用过去进行时，故填felt left out and was getting desperate with loneliness。 38．我们沉迷于壮丽的风景和当地人们的热情好客(hospitality)之中。(be absorbed in) _________the splendid scenery and the local people’s hospitality. 【答案】We were absorbed in 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。表示“沉迷于”应用短语be absorbed in；句子主语是“我们”，应用人称代词的主格we。根据句意，此处应用一般过去时态。故填We were absorbed in。 39．简感到被冷落, 孤独使她感到绝望。 ________________, Jane got desperate with loneliness. (非谓语动词作状语) 【答案】Feeling left out 【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词短语。“感到”是feel，和逻辑主语Jean是主动关系，用现在分词形式feeling，作原因状语，位于句首首字母大写。“冷落”是leave out，和逻辑主语Jean是被动关系，用过去分词作表语，故答案为：Feeling left out。 40．他们陶醉在景色中。 They were ________ of the scenery. 【答案】lost in admiration 【详解】考查过去分词和名词。表示“陶醉于……”应用短语be lost in…。根据空格后的of the scenery可知，此处还应填入一个名词，admiration意为“欣赏”，不可数名词，符合句意，故答案为：lost in admiration。 四、语法填空 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Friend or Enemy? It’s clear that the viruses 41 (trap) in our genome (基因组) have brought us enormous benefits on an evolutionary timescale. But they aren’t all so helpful. Around one in twenty human babies is born with a new viral ‘jump’ somewhere in its genome, which could deactivate an important gene and cause disease. There’s increasing evidence 42 jumping transposons (跳跃基因) contribute to the genetic problems inside cancer cells. And research suggests that brain cells are particularly good locations for reactivating jumping genes, possibly increasing the diversity of nerve cells and enhancing our brainpower but also potentially causing ageing-related memory problems 43 (occur). So are these viruses inside our DNA our friends or our enemies? Paolo Mita, a postdoctoral fellow researching transposons at NYU School of Medicine in New York, 44 (suggest) that it’s a bit of both. “I’ll call them our ‘frenemies’, because when you look at their role   45 one human lifespan, they are going to produce negative effects if 46 (mobilize),” he explains. “In the short term, they are our enemies. On the other hand, if you are looking across time, these elements are a powerful force of evolution and they are still active in our species today. Evolution is just the way 47 organisms respond to changes in the environment, and in this case they are definitely our friends because they have shaped 48 our genome works now.” And are the viruses   49 (infect) us today going to have an impact on our evolution in the future? “Of course! The answer is why not?” laughs Mita. “But it will be many generations until we can look back and say this evolution has happened. But you can see the remains of previous arms races in the genome between the endogenous retroviruses (内源性逆转录病毒) and the host cells. It’s a continuous battle, and I don’t think it   50 (stop) ever.” 【答案】 41．trapped 42．that 43．to occur 44．suggests 45．in 46．mobilized 47．that 48．how 49．infecting 50．has stopped 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项研究报告，人类基因组的某个地方出现的新病毒既是人类的朋友，也是敌人。 41．考查非谓语动词。句意：显然，在漫长的进化历程中，我们基因组中所携带的病毒为我们带来了巨大的益处。此处trap与viruses构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填trapped。 42．考查同位语从句。句意：越来越多的证据表明，跳跃式转座因子会引发癌细胞内部的遗传问题。引导同位语从句，说明evidence的内容，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，故用that。故填that。 43．考查不定式。句意：研究显示，脑细胞是激活跳跃基因的绝佳场所，这可能会增加神经细胞的多样性，提高大脑的智力水平，但同时也可能引发与衰老相关的记忆问题。cause...to do“导致……做某事”为固定搭配，不定式作宾补。故填to occur。 44．考查时态。句意：纽约大学医学院从事转座子研究的博士后研究员保罗·米塔认为，它们既可能是我们的朋友，也可能是我们的敌人。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为Paolo Mita，谓语用三单形式。故填suggests。 45．考查介词。句意：“我会称他们为我们的‘敌友关系者’，因为从一个人生的整个历程来看，一旦这些因素被激发出来，它们将会产生负面影响的。”他解释道。in one human lifespan“在人的一生中”是固定搭配。故填in。 46．考查状语从句的省略。句意：“我会称他们为我们的‘敌友关系者’，因为从一个人生的整个历程来看，一旦这些因素被激发出来，它们将会产生负面影响的。”他解释道。此处是条件状语从句的省略，完整句子应是if they are mobilized，they指代 viruses，和mobilize为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，省略主语和be动词。故填mobilized。 47．考查定语从句。句意：进化不过就是生物体对环境变化作出的反应方式，在这种情况下，它们无疑就是我们的朋友，因为正是它们塑造了我们现在的基因运作方式。定语从句修饰先行词way，在从句作方式状语，故填that。 48．考查宾语从句。句意：进化不过就是生物体对环境变化作出的反应方式，在这种情况下，它们无疑就是我们的朋友，因为正是它们塑造了我们现在的基因运作方式。引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，需用连接副词how, 故填how。 49．考查非谓语动词。句意：今天感染我们的病毒会对我们未来的进化产生影响吗？infect和主语viruses为主动关系，用现在分词形作后置定语。故填infecting。 50．考查冠词。句意：这是一场持续不断的战斗，我认为它从未停止过。ever用于现在完成时，主语是it，助动词用has。故填has stopped。 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Cats have the power to glow in the dark, scientists discover Cats always land on their feet and are seen as a symbol of good luck in some cultures. They enjoy nine lives. But now the cat folk story has received an extra boost as scientists have found they can even glow in the dark. The domestic cat is one of 125 species that 51 (find) to have fluorescent (荧光的) properties that make them glow under UV light. This ability has been noted in various animals, including humans, but it was never known 52 widespread it was. Scientists in Australia reviewed a museum’s collection of mammals to see how many glowed in the dark 53 a UV light was turned on. They found 125 species had the ability. The research found that all 27 orders(目)—the level above genus(属)— 54 (have) members that possessed fluorescent properties. “Fluorescence was most common and most intense among night-active species, with more of their body 55 (be) more fluorescent,” the study authors said. “ 56 remains unclear whether fluorescence has any specific biological role for mammals. It appears to be a common property of colorless fur and skin. But it may function 57 (make) these areas appear brighter therefore enhancing visual signaling. This is especially true for night-active species.” There are various forms of fluorescence, but all involve the absorption of light and a low-level emission, 58 often resembles a glow. The role of this phenomenon in nature remains unknown but is likely to help animals of the same species communicate. People and rabbits were the first mammals 59 (show) to have fluorescent properties when an academic paper in 1911 found human hair could emit light in the UV range. Over the years, a few studies have identified specific individual species 60 fluorescent capabilities and provided unproven story-based evidence. 【答案】 51．have been found 52．how 53．when 54．had 55．being 56．It 57．to make 58．which 59．shown 60．with 【导语】这是一篇说明文。科学家发现家猫等125种哺乳动物具有荧光特性，在紫外线下会发光，该现象在夜间活动物种中更常见，其生物学作用尚不明确，可能与视觉信号交流有关。 51．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：家猫是被发现具有荧光特性的125个物种之一，这些特性使它们在紫外线下发光。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，主语that（指代先行词species）与find为被动关系，且动作对现在有影响，用现在完成时的被动语态；that是复数意义，助动词用have。故填 have been found。 52．考查宾语从句。句意：这种能力在包括人类在内的各种动物中都有记载，但从未有人知道它的普及程度如何。空处引导宾语从句，修饰widespread，表程度，用连接代词how引导。故填how。 53．考查状语从句。句意：澳大利亚的科学家们查看了一家博物馆的哺乳动物藏品，想看看当紫外线灯打开时，有多少会在黑暗中发光。空处引导从句，表示“当……”，用when引导构成时间状语从句。故填when。 54．考查动词时态。句意：研究发现，所有27个目（属以上的分类级别）都有具有荧光特性的成员。空处为主句谓语动词，all 27 orders与have为主动关系，主句为一般过去时，从句动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填had。 55．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究作者说：“荧光在夜间活动的物种中最常见，也最强烈，它们身体的更多部位具有更强的荧光性。”这里考查“with + 宾语 + 宾补”结构，body与be为主动关系，应用现在分词作宾补。故填being。 56．考查形式主语。句意：目前尚不清楚荧光对哺乳动物是否有任何特定的生物学作用。真正主语为 whether引导的从句，这里应用it作形式主语，且句首时首字母应大写。故填It。 57．考查非谓语动词。句意：但它的功能可能是使这些区域显得更亮，从而增强视觉信号。此处表目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to make。 58．考查定语从句。句意：荧光有多种形式，但都涉及光的吸收和低水平的发射，这通常类似于发光。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a low-level emission，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 59．考查非谓语动词。句意：1911年的一篇学术论文发现人类头发可以在紫外线下发光，人类和兔子是首批被证明具有荧光特性的哺乳动物。此空考查非谓语，the first mammals与show 为被动关系，再由语境可知，这里应用过去分词作后置定语。故填shown。 60．考查介词。句意：多年来，一些研究已经确定了具有荧光能力的特定单个物种，并提供了未经证实的基于故事的证据。此处表示“具有”，用介词with。故填with。 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $