专题02 Units 3～4（语篇综合练）英语沪教版必修第三册

专题02 Units 3~4（语篇综合练） （建议用时：40分钟） 语法填空 A 介绍独自旅行在年轻人中日益流行，分析其兴起原因、存在风险，强调独自旅行能锻炼独立性、带来自我成长，产生课堂教育无法比拟的深远影响 语法填空 B 介绍重庆因多层立体的独特地形被称作 “8D 魔幻城市”，疫情后当地旅游业迅猛发展，入境游客数量大幅增长，成为备受青睐的新兴热门旅游地 语法填空 C 作者讲述自己确诊 1 型糖尿病后，从恐惧、迷茫到逐渐接纳的心理历程，通过组织互助小组帮助他人，最终领悟挫折带来的教训是日后成功的重要基础 阅读理解 A 以中国游客的真实经历引出 “巴黎综合征”，说明游客因影视美化对巴黎产生美好想象，与现实落差引发心理不适，揭示这种文化冲击带来的心理影响 阅读理解 B 介绍秋季旅行从小众选择变成大众热门趋势，分析旅行行业繁荣、气候变化、过度旅游、灵活工作模式等因素，展现人们旅行观念的变化 阅读理解 C 提供在英国旅行的省钱实用方法，包括避开大型活动、不选车站附近住宿、入住自助公寓、骑行出行等，以此降低住宿和交通开销 阅读理解 D 讲述弗朗西丝・阿诺德敢于质疑权威、不走寻常路，坚持开展酶的定向进化研究，历经坚持与付出，最终荣获诺贝尔化学奖的故事 阅读理解 E 批判生物黑客过度监测身体各项数据的做法，指出人体系统复杂且不可控，无需纠结细微生理指标，只需遵守基础健康准则即可 阅读理解 F 介绍加州理工学院的一项研究：计算机可通过分析画作的低级和高级视觉特征，准确预测人们的艺术偏好，同时也指出个人经历等因素仍无法被完全解释 阅读理解 G 围绕建筑行业的碳排放问题展开，说明现有零碳建筑标准存在局限，提出使用木材等环保材料可降低建筑碳排放，呼吁完善相关环保政策 完形填空 A 讲述张家界大庸古镇项目投入巨资却惨遭失败，分析疫情影响、项目设计不合理、地理位置缺乏优势等原因，反映旅游开发需更理性高效 完形填空 B 作者结合自身在华经历，探讨英国人对旅行的看法，说明旅行不仅是休闲体验，还能让人在感受异国文化的同时，重新关注并热爱本国文化遗产 完形填空 C 讨论人工智能普及对人类就业的威胁，指出大量工作可能被自动化取代，同时总结出创意类、人际类、复杂环境操作类三类不易被 AI 替代的工作 选词填空 A 介绍与过度旅游相对的 “旅游不足” 现象，说明部分旅游地主动吸引游客，推荐小众旅游目的地，强调前往冷门地点旅行的独特价值 选词填空 B 介绍湖北恩施的自然风光与少数民族文化，重点描述土家族吊脚楼的建筑特色、苗族节日与银饰文化，展现恩施独特的人文魅力 选词填空 C 讲述美国 66 号公路的历史意义与文化价值，它见证了美国的发展变迁，作者计划完成全程自驾旅行，期待这场充满故事的公路探险 一、语法填空 A （24-25高一下·上海·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Transformative Power of Solo Travel Solo travel, considered by many as the ultimate form of self-discovery, has gained immense popularity among young adults in recent years. Unlike group tours 1 everything is arranged, traveling alone pushes individuals out of their comfort zones, forcing them to confront unexpected challenges. Statistics show that the number of solo travelers under 30 2 (increase) by 150% since 2015. What drives this trend? Psychologists suggest that young people, growing up in an increasingly digital world, 3 (pursue) authentic experiences that social media cannot provide. When you're alone in a foreign country with no one 4 (rely) on, every decision — from navigating public transportation 5 ordering food in a local dialect — becomes a lesson in independence. However, solo travel isn't without risks. Seasoned travelers recommend 6 (research) local customs thoroughly beforehand. In certain Middle Eastern countries, for instance, women traveling alone are expected to dress modestly to avoid unwanted attention. Failure 7 (respect) cultural norms may lead to serious consequences. Ultimately, those 8 have experienced solo travel often describe it as life-changing. The challenges overcome and perspectives gained tend to have 9 profound impact that no classroom education can match. As travel writer Pico Lyer once remarked, “We travel initially to lose ourselves; we travel next to find ourselves.” Perhaps this explains 10 more young people are choosing to embark on journeys alone, seeking not just destinations, but transformations. B （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The mindbending ‘cyberpunk city’ in China that exists on so many levels When visiting Chongqing for the first time last November, Joshua Guvi was worried that the city he’d seen on social media couldn’t possibly be as cool in real life. Located in a mountainous area of southwestern China, this city is known for 1 complex, multilayered layout (布局), causing some 2 (refer) to it as China’s “8D city.” Including its rural outer regions, the whole area is the size of Austria. 3 the city’s unique geography and rapid growth, Chongqing has had nowhere to go but up, to the point 4 one building even has a train running through the middle of it. For tourists — and even some locals — getting lost in winding, eye-popping Chongqing is part of the fun. “It actually shot a lot over my expectations,” says Guvi, a travel content creator from Canada. These moments 5 (sew) together into a video on Guvi’s YouTube channel. He wrote, “Chongqing feels like peering into the future. This city has its own pulse.” Guvi began his trip in Shanghai, 6 he wanted to experience a more authentically Chinese city. “I had heard some people talk about Chongqing in Shanghai… Shanghai is a(n) 7 (amaze) city, but I was curious to see more of the actual China, versus kind of the Shanghai where you can still get by on English.” He isn’t the only one who has been bypassing Beijing, Xi’an and other cities along the established Chinese tourist route in favor of Chongqing. Tourism in Chongqing has been skyrocketing 8 the country reopened post-pandemic. According to data 9 (release) by the Chongqing government, the city welcomed about 1.3 million inbound tourists in 2024, representing a year-on-year increase of 184%. In the first two months of 2025, the number of foreign nationals entering through the city’s ports increased by 60%. In fact, American tourists have seen 10 noticeable increase. That’s especially impressive considering there that the sole direct flight from the US to Chongqing is a once-a-week affair on Hainan Airlines. We have to say the outlook for inbound tourism is very promising. C （24-25高一下·上海·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. I was sure this was the worst day of my life. Being diagnosed with Type I diabetes felt almost like a death sentence. My life changed in an instant, and I was afraid 21 not being able to cope with a chronic (慢性的) disease and terrified that I would never get to be a normal child. Little did I know that this condition would later on allow me to give back to my community through my 22 (volunteer) initiatives and pursue a career where I could help others. The impact that my disease had on my family was profound. We all had to learn to adjust to a new reality. I knew that it was up to me to make this work, but I felt 23 (lose). After a few days, the initial shock 24 (replace) by denial, then came anger, and little by little, I later gained acceptance. By exercising determination and courage, I made a choice 25 (resist) letting it dictate who I was or what I could become. Meanwhile, I realized that some things in life are better dealt with by having a support system. With this in mind, I looked for positions where I 26 share my experience with others and listen to their own struggles. After getting involved in various initiatives, I decided to organize a support group for those 27 are dealing with difficult situations. The group was so successful 28 I was invited to other schools to talk about the difference we made in our members. We all have challenges in life. Looking back, 29 felt like a death sentence at first turned into a way of supporting others in my community. It 30 (prove) that the lessons we take from the setbacks we encounter can, in fact, be fundamental to later success. 二、阅读理解 A （24-25高一下·上海闵行·期末）Before arriving in Paris, Wu Shuyun, a 56-year-old Chinese housewife, imagined the French capital to be like film set for a romantic love story, picturing herself as a fashionable princess surrounded by elegant Parisians. Instead, Ms. Wu said she was shocked by the cigarette butts and dog poo on the street, and the indifference of the locals. Though friends had warmed her about thieves targeting Chinese people, she said she was nevertheless surprised when a number of her tour group was robbed on a crowded Metro train, as other passengers looked on. “For the Chinese, France has always been romantic, mysterious and attractive,” Ms. Wu said after a two-week tour. “Once I realized that the Parisians were indifferent, I made a decision: try to make the most of the trip, but never come back to Paris again.” Psychologists warned that Chinese tourists, shaken by disappointment, were at risk of Paris Syndrome, a condition during which foreigners suffer depression and anxiety when their rosy imagination of champagne, magnificent architecture and Monet are destroyed. The expression was coined 30 years ago by Paris-based Japanese psychiatrist, Hiroaki Ota, after several Japanese visitors to Paris fell ill when their culture of politeness was met with French arrogance. Thomas Deschamps, the head of research at the Paris Tourism Office, said culture shock was particularly common among travelers from Asia, who sometimes wrongly regarded the French capital as a museum. “They watch movies like Amelie. They think all Parisians carry Louis Vuitton purses and smell like Dior,” Thomas said. “They don’t know about the working-class suburbs, the overworked waiters, the more unpleasant parts of the city. Paris is not a museum. People are busy. They are stressed and living their lives.” To help protect Chinese tourists, the local tourism industry has redoubled its efforts to be more culturally sensitive. An online guide for hotels and businesses notes that for serving Chinese visitors, “a simple smile and hello in their language will obviously put them at ease.” 1．According to the passage, what surprised Wu Shuyun during her trip to Paris? A．The elegant Parisians and romantic atmosphere. B．The dirty streets and indifferent local people. C．The famous museums and historical landmarks. D．The warm welcome from French hotel staff. 2．Why does the author mention “Paris Syndrome” in the passage? A．To emphasize the severe medical risks of traveling abroad. B．To criticize Japanese tourists for overreacting to culture shock. C．To highlight the psychological impact of unmet expectations. D．To promote better mental health services for foreign visitors. 3．What can be inferred from Thomas Deschamps’ comments about Paris? A．Parisians dislike tourists who idealize their city. B．Movies often provide an unrealistic portrayal of Paris. C．Working-class Parisians are more welcoming to visitors. D．The city’s museums are the main cause of culture shock. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To criticize Paris for its poor urban management and unfriendly locals. B．To explain why Chinese tourists often experience disappointment in Paris. C．To compare cultural differences between Asian and French travelers. D．To suggest solutions for reducing culture shock among Chinese visitors. B （25-26高一上·上海徐汇·期中）Cinque Terre, Italy, in thermal layers. Ireland in ceaseless rain. For decades, I limited most of my European travels to fall because, whatever the weather, I enjoyed the feeling of having the hotel, trail, restaurant or cathedral to myself. But I won’t be alone this year. From resort towns in Europe to popular summer destinations in the United States, places once emptied by October are now filled with guests. Booking.com reported notable growth in searches for traditional beach trips such as the Hamptons — up 78% уear-over-year in September and 45% in October — and Cape Cod. Searches for rooms in Dublin are up 35% in the fall over summer, according to Expedia, and Virtuoso, a consortium of high-end travel agencies, says that fall bookings have climbed 30% this year. Fall’s popularity owes some credit to the broader boom in travel. Last year, 1.4 billion people traveled internationally, up from 673 million in 2000, according to the World Travel & Tourism Council. With more of them seeking better access and fewer crowds, the off-season is now its own season. In some destinations, climate change has encouraged fall travel by extending milder weather. In the Italian Alps, with diminished early snows, the Grand Hotel Courmayeur Mont Blanc will remain open this fall for the first time, rather than closing in mid-September and reopening in December for the ski season. The fallout from overtourism — including shoulder-to-shoulder summer crowds in places like Venice and Dubrovnik, Croatia, and anti-tourism protests in Spain — has pushed some travelers to delay departures to later in the year. To ease the pressure, sustainability-minded operators have introduced trips to lesser-traveled destinations such as Uzbekistan and Romania. While taking extended vacations during back-to-school season remains a challenge for many families, travel industry experts credit the shift in flexible work patterns for introducing travelers to the joys of fall trips. “Travelers are no longer bound by school calendars or 9-to-5 routines,” said Melissa Krueger, the CEO of a travel agency based in California. “They also want more meaningful trips — harvest festivals, culinary events, wildlife encounters — that don’t follow a summer-only mindset.” October is no longer a secret whispered among in-the-know travelers. It has confidently taken its place as the crown jewel of the year. 1．What can we know about the author’s past European travels in fall? A．He often faced unpleasant weather like ceaseless rain in Ireland. B．He found it hard to book hotels due to limited autumn openings. C．He enjoyed far less crowded tourist attractions during those trips. D．He preferred visiting Cinque Terre to other European destinations. 2．Which of the following does NOT account for the growing popularity of fall travel? A．Flexible work schedules allow people to travel during the offseason. B．Lower international travel costs make fall journeys more budget-friendly. C．Mild weather lasts longer in some destinations because of climate change. D．The problems caused by overtourism causes travelers to avoid summer trips. 3．According to the passage, it can be inferred that __________. A．travel agencies are struggling to meet the rising demand for fall trips. B．the author plans to avoid European travel this fall due to greater crowds. C．climate change has reduced the appeal of the Alps in fall among visitors. D．tourists now favor experiences over seasonal routines when planning trips. 4．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Fall Travel: From a Well-Kept Secret to a Beloved Choice B．The Rise of European Travel: Destinations and Highlights C．Overtourism: What Drives Travelers Towards Offseason Trips D．Embrace the Season: The Latest Data and Trend of Fall Travel C （23-24高一下·上海·期中）Planning a visit to the UK? Here we help with ways to cut your costs. AVOID BIG EVENTS Big sporting events, concerts and exhibitions can increase the cost of accommodation and make it harder to find a room. A standard double room at the Thistle Brighton on the final Friday of the Brighton Comedy Festival (19 Oct.) cost￡169.15 at Booking.com. A week later, the same room cost￡118.15. If you can be flexible and want to know dates to avoid — or you’re looking for a big event to pass your time-----check out sites such as Whatsonwhen.com, which allow you to search for events in the UK by city, date and category. STAY AWAY FROM THE STATION If travelling to your destination by train, you may want to find a good base close to the station, but you could end up paying more for the sake of convenience at the start of your holiday. Don’t be too choosy about the part of town you stay in. Booking two months in advance, the cheapest room at Travelodge’s Central Euston hotel in London for Saturday 22 September was￡95.95. A room just a tube journey away at its Covent Garden hotel was￡75.75. And at Farringdon, a double room cost just ￡62.95. LOOK AFTER YOURSELF Really central hotels in cities such as London, Edinburgh and Cardiff can cost a fortune, especially at weekends and during big events. As an alternative consider checking into a self-catering flat with its own kitchen. Often these flats are hidden away on the top floors of city centre buildings. A great example is the historic O’Neill Flat on Edinburgh’s Royal Mile, available for ￡420 for five days in late September, with room for four adults. GET ON A BIKE London’s ‘Boris bikes’ have attracted the most attention, but other cities also have similar programmes that let you rent a bicycle and explore at your own pace, saving you on public transport or car parking costs. Among the smaller cities with their own programmes are Newcastle (casual members pay around ￡1.50 for two hours) and Cardiff (free for up to 30 minutes, or ￡5 per day). 1．The Brighton Comedy Festival is mentioned mainly to show big events may ________. A．help travelers pass time B．attract lots of travelers to the UK C．allow travelers to make flexible plans D．cause travelers to pay more for accommodation 2．The passage shows that the O’Neill Flat ________. A．lies on the ground floor B．is located in central London C．provides cooking facilities for tourists D．costs over￡100 on average per day in late September 3．Cardiff’s program allows a free bike for a maximum period of ________. A．half an hour B．one hour C．one hour and a half D．two hours D （24-25高一下·上海·期末）Frances Arnold has always been a rebel (叛逆者). Her willingness to question authority and make her own way helped her earn the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her pioneering work in ‌“directed evolution of enzymes (酶)”. Getting there, though, required Arnold to enhance her innovative effort in a process that took decades. Arnold, 64, grew up in a conservative family in a suburb of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. At the age of 15, she left home to seek an independent life. She found her own apartment in the city and worked a number of jobs to get by — while still attending high school. The experience taught her valuable life lessons. ‌“I’m not a follower,” she says, ‌“I had to do my thing in my own way and often it was the hard way.” Arnold eventually gave in to her family. She applied to the Mechanical Engineering Department at Princeton University, her dad’s alma mater (母校). After graduating in 1979, she briefly took up jobs in solar technology before realizing it was not where her passion lay. Her determination to make a difference, however, remained unchanged. She went back to school to earn advanced degrees in chemical engineering at the University of California at Berkeley. When she completed her postdoctoral work there in 1986, Arnold joined the faculty at Caltech and has since been working there in the fields of chemical engineering, bioengineering and biochemistry. In terms of research potential, her timing was perfect. The world of DNA was just opening up. Gene splicing (基因剪接) technology was new. ‌“We were hoping to make the code of life work for us,” Arnold recalls. At the time it was a complicated, laborious process that required knowing which changes in the DNA would lead to whatever traits the researchers wanted to change. To make a useful medicine, for instance, the responsible gene had to be modified. Never one to follow the crowd, she thought she had a better idea — use evolution, because DNA was ‌“composed by evolution over the millennia”. Her vision was to speed it up and make it work for us. ‌“Humans have been creating new forms of life by artificial selection for thousands of years,” she says. ‌“From corn to hairless cats, we’ve been modifying DNA to serve us by choosing who goes on to parent the next generation.” She decided to breed proteins that had the traits she was interested in. And as it turned out, proteins were able to adapt quickly to new demands that were being placed upon them. ‌“To me, (directed evolution) seemed obvious,” she recalls. This was not true for everyone. ‌“I got a lot of pushback. People were telling me the only proper way was to sit down and design genes.” Despite the pressure, Arnold persevered. In part, it was her determination and courage. But she doesn’t claim credit for herself. ‌“Anything I do is small. But I enlarge that by sharing ideas with other people,” she says, ‌“They gave me the Nobel Prize really because my ideas were magnified by so many other people.” 1．Which of the following is true about Arnold? A．She never listened to what her parents said. B．She didn’t know early on that her interest was in studying DNA． C．She had to take several part-time jobs to put her through college. D．She applied to study engineering because it’s the best major in his father’s alma mater. 2．Which of the following is not the function of DNA before Arnold’s research? A．To make effective medicine. B．To cultivate plants. C．To change physical features of animals. D．To breed proteins. 3．What is the secret of Arnold’s success? A．Her optimistic attitude towards life. B．Her natural curiosity about everything. C．Her willingness and courage to take an unusual path. D．Her passion for making a difference in the scientific world. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The magic of the modification of DNA B．The unusual path to the Nobel Prize C．Being straightforward and stubborn works D．The power of team work in the scientific world E （24-25高一下·上海·期末）It’s easy to feel as though you’re doing something wrong these days if you don’t know your VO2-Max and how many hours of REM sleep you get each night, or if you’re not taking a dozen different supplements and scrutinizing every bite of food that makes its way into your mouth. “Biohackers” and other longevity seekers would have you believe that if you diligently measure your every bodily function and meticulously tailor your nutrition and exercise routine, you can reprogram your body to live longer and evade dreaded diseases. These folks’ logical flaw is to assume that the biological processes in your body are just as predictable and controllable as a microchip. What they don’t understand, or choose to ignore, is that the human organism is far too complex and unpredictable for that level of control. Take, for example, a recent fad among people without diabetes to closely monitor their bodies’ glucose (葡萄糖) levels. They claim to use the data generated by these devices to learn how to customize their diet for optimal glucose levels. The trouble is that our bodies’ glucose response to food intake is far too inconsistent to produce informative results. Researchers in a recent study fed participants identical meals separated by one week in a highly controlled hospital environment, while the participants wore continuous glucose monitors. Even when eating identical meals under these artificial conditions, the glucose measurements from a given participant looked no more similar than when the participants each ate an entirely different meal. A scatter chart the researchers made comparing the glucose results from one meal against the identical meal a week later looked like it could have been made by a person throwing darts blindfolded. Randomness is inherent to life. Our parents’ chromosomes (染色体) are shuffled like a deck of cards before we receive half of each of their genetic code. Diseases are often the result of random processes. More than two-thirds of cancer-causing mutations are not due to anything we’ve put our bodies through. They are the unavoidable result of random errors introduced in our DNA by the molecular machines that copy our DNA before our cells divide.   There is a growing industry of people and companies selling biohacking advice, tracking devices, and supplements. They believe they are selling people hope for better health. In reality, they may be selling people guilt that they haven’t done more already to control their health and may create a burden of unachievable expectations. Of course, none of this is meant to imply that there is nothing we can do to affect our health. Basic health maxims (箴言) still apply: Don’t smoke. Don’t drink excessive amounts of alcohol. If you’re obese, lose some weight. Control your blood pressure and cholesterol. Exercise. Get age-appropriate vaccinations and cancer screens. But obsessing over minute-to-minute changes in your glucose level or tracking your blood levels of a dozen different vitamins and minerals is unlikely to make a massive impact on your health. If you’re doing these things because you believe you can exert complete control over your health outcomes like a programmer writing a piece of code, my message is: Don’t sweat the small stuff. 1．The glucose monitoring study is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to demonstrate that ______. A．identical meals produce identical bodily responses B．the human body is highly variable and unpredictable C．continuous glucose monitors are inaccurate D．hospital conditions affect metabolic rates 2．The passage states that most cancer-causing mutations occur because of ______. A．inherited genetic defects B．environmental toxin exposure C．random DNA replication error D．terrible food choices 3．Which of the following behaviors does the expression “Don’t sweat the small stuff” (last paragraph) criticize? A．overemphasizing trivial biological data B．neglecting fundamental health principles C．rejecting cutting-edge medical technology D．underestimating genetic factors 4．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Genetic testing provides the most reliable health predictions among all forms of biohacking. B．Biohacking shifts the blame onto individuals for health problems that are often just bad luck. C．More advanced technology is needed to fully understand complex human biological systems. D．Ignoring modern health technologies is the key to better well-being. F （24-25高一下·上海·期末）Do you like the thick brush strokes and soft color palettes of an impressionist painting such as those by Claude Monet? Or do you prefer the bold colors and abstract shapes of a Rothko? Individual art tastes have a certain mystique to them, but now a new Caltech study shows that a simple computer program can accurately predict which paintings a person will like. The new study asked more than 1,500 volunteers to rate paintings in the genres of impressionism, cubism, abstract, and color field. The volunteers’ answers were fed into a computer program, which then could predict the volunteers’ art preferences. The findings not only demonstrated that computers could make these predictions but also led to a new understanding about how people judge art. “The main point is that we are gaining an insight into the mechanism that people use to make aesthetic judgments,” says O’Doherty, a neuroscientist in the team. In the study, the team programmed the computer to break a painting's visual attributes down into what they called low-level features—traits like contrast, saturation (饱和度), and color—as well as high-level features, which require human judgment and include traits such as whether the painting is dynamic or still. The computer program then estimates how much a specific feature is taken into account when making a decision about how much to like a particular piece of art. Both features are combined when making these decisions. Once the computer has estimated that, then it can successfully predict a person’s liking for another previously unseen piece of art. The researchers also discovered that the volunteers tended to cluster into three general categories: those who like paintings with real-life objects, such as an impressionist painting; those who like colorful abstract paintings; and those who like complex paintings, such as Picasso’s cubist portraits. The majority of people fell into the first “real-life object” category. While the computer program was successful at predicting the volunteers’ art preferences, the researchers say there is still more to learn about the nuances that go into any one individual’s taste. “There are aspects of individual preferences that we have not succeeded in explaining using this method,” says O’Doherty. “This more idiosyncratic component may relate to past experiences and other personal traits that might influence valuation.” 1．What was the main purpose of the Caltech study mentioned in the passage? A．To examine why people have different tastes in paintings. B．To compare different painting styles like impressionism and cubism. C．To prove that computers can create better art than humans. D．To determine the accuracy of computers’ prediction of art preferences. 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE about “high-level features” in the study? A．They were ignored by the computer program in the study. B．They involve subjective judgment. C．They are less accurate than low-level features in predicting preferences. D．They are easily quantifiable by machines. 3．The word “idiosyncratic” in the last paragraph most closely means A．vital B．predictable C．individual D．complex 4．Based on the passage, what is the likely next step for this research? A．Teaching computers to paint original artwork. B．Incorporating additional personal data into the prediction model. C．Eliminating the use of low-level features in predictions. D．Focusing mainly on impressionist paintings. G （24-25高一下·上海·期末）How Green Is the Building? In the world leaders meeting in Paris agreed to move towards zero net greenhouse-gas emissions in the second half of this century. That is a tall order, and the building industry makes it even taller. Cement-making alone produces 6% of the world’s carbon emission. 1 If you factor in all of the energy that goes into lighting, heating and cooling homes and offices, the world’s buildings start to look like a severe environmental problem. Governments in the rich world are now trying to promote greener behavior by obliging developers to build new projects to “zero carbon” standards. 2 All other types of buildings will follow in January of the next year. Governments in eight further countries are being advised to introduce a similar policy. 3 Wind turbines and solar panels on top of buildings look good but are much less productive than-wind and solar farms. And the standards only count the emissions from running a building, not those let out when it was made. Those are thought to account for between 30% and 60% of the total over a structure’s lifetime. Buildings can become greener. They can use more recycled steel and can be pre-made. The energy required to produce a wooden beam is one-sixth of that required for a steel one of comparable strength. When a mature tree is cut down, a new one can be planted to replace it, capturing more carbon. After buildings are torn down, old roofs are easy to recycle into-new structures. And for older buildings-to be more energy-efficient, wood is a good insulator (绝缘体). 4 Governments can help urge the industry to use more wood, particularly in the public sector — the construction industry’s biggest client. That would help wood-building specialists achieve greater scale and lower costs. A．For example, a softwood window frame provides 400 times as much insulation as a steel and 1,000 times as an aluminum. B．However, these standards are less green than they may seem. C．In January, all new buildings in the EU must be built to “nearly zero-energy” standards. D．Steel half of which goes into buildings, accounts for another 8%. E．This would favor wood as well as innovative ways of producing other materials. F．Zero-carbon building regulations should be altered to include the material emissions. 三、完形填空 A （25-26高一上·上海·月考）How an Ancient Town Became Empty The Dayong Town complex was supposed to be a game changer for Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province. However, three years after it opened, the ancient town was 1 . Located in the heart of Zhangjiajie, Dayong Town was designed to be a new 2 for the city. It features ornate pavilions, stone walls, and cobbled streets lined with stores. All these were 3 to recreate the glory of the city’s ancient past. The project has reportedly lost over 500 million yuan since it opened in 2021. In the first half of this year, only 2,300 tickets were sold — a(n) 4 of less than 20 per day. On many days, the site feels like a(n) 5 town, with its main square and stores empty. Behind Dayong Town is Zhangjiajie Tourism Group Co., the city’s largest tourism firm. It 6 made a huge commitment to the project, spending over 2.2 billion yuan. However, the 7 of its completion in 2021 couldn’t have been worse. The scenic spot began trial operations on June 21, 2021. Occasional pandemic controls for the next 18 months greatly impacted its ability to 8 visitors. Experts have also noted that Dayong Town was itself a deeply 9 project. Its 10 combination of faux-historic (仿古的) and modern buildings failed to attract tourists. 11 , its location, just three kilometers from the city’s railway station, wasn’t much of an advantage in practice. The most 12 tourist attraction in the city is the Wulingyuan Scenic Area. This mountain range is located around 60 kilometers from the city center. The local travel industry focuses on 13 tourists to its jagged (嶙峋的) peaks. Many travel agencies don’t even bother including the city center in their plans of trips. This has made it difficult for Dayong Town to attract visitors. The businesses inside Dayong Town have refused to pay their rent. “They argued that the scenic spot was not well managed and that no one came,” reveals one insider. The intermediate people’s court in Zhangjiajie has ruled that the Dayong Ancient Town Development Co., Ltd would 14 the reorganization process. Dayong Town now stands as a symbol of waste and excess. Its 15 highlights the need for more thoughtful and efficient tourism models. 1．A．crowded B．deserted C．collapsed D．applauded 2．A．museum B．palace C．contribution D．landmark 3．A．forced B．allowed C．meant D．elected 4．A．average B．total C．majority D．maximum 5．A．modern B．historic C．ghost D．accessible 6．A．considerately B．unwisely C．suddenly D．fortunately 7．A．location B．design C．timing D．cost 8．A．attract B．fancy C．ban D．blame 9．A．successful B．simple C．problematic D．mysterious 10．A．awkward B．smooth C．traditional D．creative 11．A．However B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．Moreover 12．A．popular B．energetic C．disappointing D．original 13．A．memorizing B．transporting C．reserving D．reflecting 14．A．bring up B．belong to C．break out D．go through 15．A．facility B．foundation C．failure D．preservation B （25-26高一上·上海·开学考试）In the UK, travel is an enriching life experience, because it is not simply a pursuit of 1 but also “character-building”. Most of the people I know here at university 2 the desire to travel and escape the stress surrounding us. But I don’t think, as UK students, we can blame our addiction to international travel simply on a stressful life. Yes, I have a lot to handle and it’s a fine 3 act managing my part-time job, my degree and my social life to a perfect level. In a truly open world, we can get anywhere, see anything and experience every culture under the sun, at the click of a button, the purchase of a ticket. Many people I met while working in China were surprised at the number of countries I’d travelled to. Compared to friends and family I consider myself vastly 4 . I’ve never set foot across the pond in the US and Canada, let alone South America and even within Europe my checklist of destinations is far from 5 . I was also met by surprise at how little travelling I had done within my own borders. This was something I had not really considered before. How much of my own country had I really seen and experienced? To those from a place as vast and 6 as China, Britain was really so small in comparison, and so to have spent 20 years there and not seen every part of it was quite surprising. I had a conversation with a Chinese colleague over the reasoning behind our use of golden Cotswold 7 which sounds dull for most people. As a student of history, I found anything historical fascinating. However it was not the stone within British cities I found interesting. What was 8 was that it was something I had never even considered, and yet here was someone crazy about something I had 9 taken for granted. We continued our discussion, yet I was left 10 that I could not answer her question. In China, as well as a wealth of new culture that fascinated me, I discovered that there were parts of the UK’s culture, history, the very structure of my identity that were so different, so unique from China that I also 11 a newly found interest in my own heritage. In this respect, travelling enables you with two things. Firstly you develop a(n) 12 with new cultures, understanding customs, experiencing cuisines and 13 the sights and smells of every new city. For many employers this 14 to new locations is seen as amazing in your personal resume. But besides increased 15 , through international, cross-cultural conversations, you develop an interest in your own history, culture, and customs. 1．A．leisure B．wealth C．youth D．master 2．A．reflect B．press C．overcome D．experience 3．A．balancing B．tempting C．judging D．travelling 4．A．over-travelled B．under-exchanged C．under-travelled D．over-exchanged 5．A．official B．relevant C．complete D．accurate 6．A．confusing B．varied C．alien D．amazed 7．A．key B．stone C．history D．luxury 8．A．observant B．strange C．pleasant D．curious 9．A．simply B．hardly C．literally D．generally 10．A．shocked B．disappointed C．puzzled D．convinced 11．A．ignored B．changed C．gained D．denied 12．A．observation B．solution C．fascination D．determination 13．A．resisting B．employing C．adjusting D．absorbing 14．A．discovery B．preference C．understanding D．adaptability 15．A．leisure B．employability C．fascination D．capability C （24-25高一下·上海·期末）Since the start of the industrial revolution, there have been threats that new machines — from mechanised looms to microchips — would usurp (侵占) human jobs. For the most part, the humans have prevailed (获胜，盛行). Now, say some experts, with AI ubiquity on the horizon, the 1 is being realised: the robots really are coming for some jobs. A March 2023 report from Goldman Sachs estimated that AI capable of content generation could do a quarter of all the work 2 done by humans. Across the European Union and US, the report further notes, 300 million jobs could be lost to 3 . And that could be dire, says Martin Ford, author of Rule of the Robots: How Artificial Intelligence Will Transform Everything. “It's not just that this would happen to 4 , but it could be pretty systemic,” he says. “It could happen to a lot of people, potentially quite suddenly, potentially all at the same time. And that has 5 not just for those individuals, but for the whole economy.” Thankfully, it’s not all bad news. The experts 6 their warnings with a caveat: there are still things AI isn’t capable of — tasks that involve 7 human qualities, like emotional intelligence and outside-the-box thinking. And moving into roles that center those skills could help 8 the chances of being replaced. “I think there are generally three 9 that are going to be relatively insulated (绝缘的，隔热的) in the foreseeable future,” says Ford. “The first would be jobs that are genuinely 10 : you’re not doing formulaic work or just rearranging things, but you're genuinely coming up with new ideas and building something new.” The second safe zone, he continues, is jobs that require 11 interpersonal relationships. He points to nurses, business consultants and investigative journalists. These are jobs, he says, “where you need a very deep 12 of people. I think it’ll be a long time before AI has the ability to interact in the kinds of ways that really build relationships”. The third safe zone, says Ford, “are jobs that really require lots of mobility and dexterity and problem-solving ability in 13 environments”. Many trade jobs – think electricians, plumbers, welders and the like – fall under this umbrella. “These are the kinds of jobs where you're dealing with a new situation all the time,” he adds. “They are probably the hardest of anything to automate. In order to automate jobs like this, you would need a science fiction robot. You’d need Star Wars’s C-3PO.” While humans will likely remain in jobs that fall within those categories, that doesn’t mean those professions are totally insulated from the ascent of AI. In fact, says Joanne Song McLaughlin, associate professor of labor economics at the University of Buffalo, US, most jobs, regardless of 14 , have aspects that are likely to be automated by the 15 . In short, seeking roles in dynamic, shifting environments that include unpredictable tasks is good way to stave off (挡开，避开 ) job loss to AI. At least, for a while. 1．A．issue B．threat C．ambition D．target 2．A．temporarily B．potentially C．currently D．probably 3．A．automation B．revolution C．imagination D．information 4．A．individuals B．white collars C．manual workers D．designers 5．A．benefits B．comments C．fascinations D．implications 6．A．receive B．propose C．issue D．cancel 7．A．indifferently B．distinctly C．deliberately D．collaboratively 8．A．increase B．lessen C．seize D．treasure 9．A．contents B．preferences C．factors D．categories 10．A．traditional B．physical C．creative D．mental 11．A．distant B．foreseeable C．simple D．sophisticated 12．A．administration B．development C．understanding D．misinterpretation 13．A．unpredictable B．dangerous C．controllable D．noisy 14．A．position B．occupation C．income D．industry 15．A．engineer B．technology C．potential D．tendency 四、选词填空 A （24-25高一下·上海·期末）Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．beaten   B．appeal   C． intersection   D．avoiding   E. difference   F. seeking G. undiscovered   H. conscious   I. destination   J. trustworthy   K. undermarketed Undertourism Overtourism has made travel headlines for a couple of years, pushing sustainable travelers to do their part by traveling in the off-season, shopping local, or 1 cities burdened with too many tourists. ·However, there is a growing trend on the opposite side of the coin: undertourism, the phenomenon of inadequate levels of tourism. While some cities cope with overcrowded streets, others are actively 2 tourists. Increasingly, destinations take advantage of undertourism as a benefit — like Norway’s 2017 declaration to “rescue tired travelers from overcrowded European cities by flying them to Oslo.” The bright side of undertourism? Being a mindful, 3 traveler is important no matter where you go. It’s a chance for travelers to plot paths where their money makes a real 4 . Travelers looking for genuine experiences could do better for themselves — and their destinations — by heading off the 5 track. Here are two “undertourist-ed” destinations recommended by travel writers:Flores and Sumba in Indonesia Traveller writer Kylie McLaughlin admitted Indonesia’s need for tourists is shocking considering how popular Bali (巴厘岛-印尼的岛屿) is among vacationers. But Bali is only one island. And Indonesia’s archipelago (群岛) has a population of 260million across islands still 6 by tourists. Fellow travel writer Ilona Biro said Flores and Sumba have similar 109 Western Mongolia Writer Aubrey Menarndt says traveling to 7 destinations makes her journeys feel like she is discovering something new. Hiking in Mongolia’s Bayan-Olgii provided such an adventure. “In the still-deep snow of late May, my friend and I climbed a peak to view the 8 of China, Russia, and Mongolia. The only being we encountered on our way was a(n) 9 mountain dog who motivated and kept us company in exchange for snacks,” she said. B （24-25高一下·上海浦东新·期中）Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．blanket  B．craftsmanship  C． delicately  D．integrating  E. medium F. mirrors  G. nestled  H. sheltering  I. snaking  J. spark  K. typically Enshi, a beautiful city in Hubei Province, is renowned for its stunning natural scenery and rich cultural heritage. Enshi is blessed with a pleasant climate throughout the year, 1 in the mountains. Lush forests 2 the area, and the air is refreshing establishing it as a natural oxygen bar. The famous Qingjiang River winds through the city, 3 like a blue ribbon. Along the river, there are countless peculiarly-shaped peaks and magnificent gorges, such as the Qingjiang Gallery, which attracts numerous tourists with its breathtaking views. Enshi serves as a homeland for diverse ethnic minorities, with the Tujia and Miao ethnic groups being the most prominent. The Tujia people have a long-standing history and a rich tapestry of traditions. Their distinctive dance, the “Hand-waving Dance”, is full of vitality and 4 their enthusiasm for life. Their architectural style, represented by the stilt-houses, known as “Diaojiaolou”, is not only practical but also aesthetically pleasing, 5 harmoniously with the natural environment. These houses are 6 built on slopes or near water. Supported by wooden stilts, the lower part of the house is left open, which can be used for storing tools or 7 livestock, while the upper part provides living quarters. The exteriors are adorned with delicate carvings of flowers, birds, and mythical creatures, showcasing the Tujia people’s superb 8 . The Miao ethnic group in Enshi also has its own unique charm. Their traditional festivals, such as the Sisters’ Meal Festival, are full of joy and festivity. During this festival, young Miao girls prepare colorful “sisters’ meals”, which are not only delicious but also carry symbolic meanings. Boys and girls use these meals as a(n) 9 to express their affection for each other. The Miao people are also well-known for their intricate silver jewelry. Necklaces, bracelets, earrings and 10 designed silver headdresses, are not only decorative but also hold cultural significance, representing wealth, status, and protection in Miao society. With its beautiful scenery, rich culture, and delicious food, Enshi is truly a shining gem in western Hubei, eagerly awaiting more people to discover and explore. C （24-25高一下·上海·期末）Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．follows   B．proudly   C． evolution   D．display   E. completely   F. winds G. considerable   H. weight   I. memorable   J. expedition   K. historically Route 66: The Mother Road There’s a piece of the road in the museum. I stare at the little bits of broken stone, forever frozen in the flattened pavement and wonder, how many cars passed over this spot? How many Midwestern thunderstorms rained down into those small holes, and how many people’s 1 helped settle, then polish, then crack and break this special bit of Route 66? The 2 at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History is big and lively. No other American highway has a place in the Smithsonian. Just how is it that Route 66 became more 3 than larger and longer interstate highways? Because this is the Mother Road— a road that 4 in the footsteps of Native Americans who once followed the buffalo (野牛); a road that 5 over the wagon ruts (马车车辙) of pioneers and breathes the lonely horse trails of cowboys. Route 66 represents the 6 of America from fresh wilderness to a nation of states. Route 66 is America’s history, spelled out in 2,488 miles. As stories go, Route 66 has been done to death — already. People ask how my trip will be new or different — how will I stand out from the millions who have traveled the iconic Route? What matters to me is that this trip is 7 new — to me. While I have driven 8 sections of Route 66 in the past, I have never traveled its entire lengths, from beginning to end. Like every great 9 this road trip will bring plenty of adventure and no lack of stories. In a way, we are traveling back in time, while following the sun westward, to the future. I expect this trip to be fun and educational, and at times, beautiful — and I imagine that somewhere west of Oklahoma City, I will encounter a square-shaped pothole (坑洼) and think of that part of asphalt (沥青) that sits 10 in the Smithsonian, a piece of highway with its very own spotlight. 五、书信写作 A （24-25高一下·上海·期末）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below. 假设你是光明中学高一学生王琳，学校英文报以“Travellers’ Tales”为主题，面向全校学生征集旅者轶事，请你投稿。稿件内容必须包含： （1）明确的旅行目的地，并简单介绍该地点。 （2）旅行中发生的某件事情，以及为什么这件事情给你留下了深刻的印象。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ B （24-25高一上·上海松江·期中）Directions: Write an English composition in at least 120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是李华，你的外国朋友Mike想假期外出旅游，请你给他回复一封邮件，推荐一座我国历史文化名城，内容包括：1. 推荐的城市；2. 城市特色；3. 表达祝愿。 注意：开头和结尾已给出，计入总词数。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 Units 3~4（语篇综合练） （建议用时：40分钟） 语法填空 A 介绍独自旅行在年轻人中日益流行，分析其兴起原因、存在风险，强调独自旅行能锻炼独立性、带来自我成长，产生课堂教育无法比拟的深远影响 语法填空 B 介绍重庆因多层立体的独特地形被称作 “8D 魔幻城市”，疫情后当地旅游业迅猛发展，入境游客数量大幅增长，成为备受青睐的新兴热门旅游地 语法填空 C 作者讲述自己确诊 1 型糖尿病后，从恐惧、迷茫到逐渐接纳的心理历程，通过组织互助小组帮助他人，最终领悟挫折带来的教训是日后成功的重要基础 阅读理解 A 以中国游客的真实经历引出 “巴黎综合征”，说明游客因影视美化对巴黎产生美好想象，与现实落差引发心理不适，揭示这种文化冲击带来的心理影响 阅读理解 B 介绍秋季旅行从小众选择变成大众热门趋势，分析旅行行业繁荣、气候变化、过度旅游、灵活工作模式等因素，展现人们旅行观念的变化 阅读理解 C 提供在英国旅行的省钱实用方法，包括避开大型活动、不选车站附近住宿、入住自助公寓、骑行出行等，以此降低住宿和交通开销 阅读理解 D 讲述弗朗西丝・阿诺德敢于质疑权威、不走寻常路，坚持开展酶的定向进化研究，历经坚持与付出，最终荣获诺贝尔化学奖的故事 阅读理解 E 批判生物黑客过度监测身体各项数据的做法，指出人体系统复杂且不可控，无需纠结细微生理指标，只需遵守基础健康准则即可 阅读理解 F 介绍加州理工学院的一项研究：计算机可通过分析画作的低级和高级视觉特征，准确预测人们的艺术偏好，同时也指出个人经历等因素仍无法被完全解释 阅读理解 G 围绕建筑行业的碳排放问题展开，说明现有零碳建筑标准存在局限，提出使用木材等环保材料可降低建筑碳排放，呼吁完善相关环保政策 完形填空 A 讲述张家界大庸古镇项目投入巨资却惨遭失败，分析疫情影响、项目设计不合理、地理位置缺乏优势等原因，反映旅游开发需更理性高效 完形填空 B 作者结合自身在华经历，探讨英国人对旅行的看法，说明旅行不仅是休闲体验，还能让人在感受异国文化的同时，重新关注并热爱本国文化遗产 完形填空 C 讨论人工智能普及对人类就业的威胁，指出大量工作可能被自动化取代，同时总结出创意类、人际类、复杂环境操作类三类不易被 AI 替代的工作 选词填空 A 介绍与过度旅游相对的 “旅游不足” 现象，说明部分旅游地主动吸引游客，推荐小众旅游目的地，强调前往冷门地点旅行的独特价值 选词填空 B 介绍湖北恩施的自然风光与少数民族文化，重点描述土家族吊脚楼的建筑特色、苗族节日与银饰文化，展现恩施独特的人文魅力 选词填空 C 讲述美国 66 号公路的历史意义与文化价值，它见证了美国的发展变迁，作者计划完成全程自驾旅行，期待这场充满故事的公路探险 一、语法填空 A （24-25高一下·上海·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Transformative Power of Solo Travel Solo travel, considered by many as the ultimate form of self-discovery, has gained immense popularity among young adults in recent years. Unlike group tours 1 everything is arranged, traveling alone pushes individuals out of their comfort zones, forcing them to confront unexpected challenges. Statistics show that the number of solo travelers under 30 2 (increase) by 150% since 2015. What drives this trend? Psychologists suggest that young people, growing up in an increasingly digital world, 3 (pursue) authentic experiences that social media cannot provide. When you're alone in a foreign country with no one 4 (rely) on, every decision — from navigating public transportation 5 ordering food in a local dialect — becomes a lesson in independence. However, solo travel isn't without risks. Seasoned travelers recommend 6 (research) local customs thoroughly beforehand. In certain Middle Eastern countries, for instance, women traveling alone are expected to dress modestly to avoid unwanted attention. Failure 7 (respect) cultural norms may lead to serious consequences. Ultimately, those 8 have experienced solo travel often describe it as life-changing. The challenges overcome and perspectives gained tend to have 9 profound impact that no classroom education can match. As travel writer Pico Lyer once remarked, “We travel initially to lose ourselves; we travel next to find ourselves.” Perhaps this explains 10 more young people are choosing to embark on journeys alone, seeking not just destinations, but transformations. 【答案】 1．where 2．has increased 3．pursue 4．to rely 5．to 6．researching 7．to respect 8．who 9．a 10．why 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨了独自旅行的变革力量，指出其近年来在年轻人中广受欢迎的原因、面临的挑战以及带来的深远影响。 1．考查定语从句。句意：与一切都安排妥当的团体旅游不同，独自旅行将个人推出舒适区，迫使他们面对意想不到的挑战。此处为定语从句，先行词为group tours，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：数据显示，自2015年以来，30岁以下的独自旅行者数量增加了150%。根据时间状语“since 2015”可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语为the number of solo travelers，助动词用has。故填has increased。 3．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：心理学家认为，在日益数字化的世界中成长的年轻人，正在追求社交媒体无法提供的真实体验。根据语境可知，此处描述的是目前正在发生的事情，应用现在进行时，主语为young people，谓语动词用复数形式。故填pursue。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：当你独自一人在异国他乡，无人可依靠时，从乘坐公共交通工具到用当地方言点餐，每一个决定都成为独立的教训。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构，rely on与no one构成逻辑上的动宾关系，应用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。故填to rely。 5．考查介词。句意：当你独自一人在异国他乡，无人可依靠时，从乘坐公共交通工具到用当地方言点餐，每一个决定都成为独立的教训。此处为固定短语from...to...，意为“从……到……”。故填to。 6．考查动名词。句意：经验丰富的旅行者建议事先彻底研究当地习俗。recommend doing sth.为固定短语，意为“建议做某事”，因此用research的动名词形式作宾语。故填researching。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：不尊重文化规范可能会导致严重后果。failure to do sth.为固定短语，意为“未能做某事”，因此用respect的不定式形式作定语。故填to respect。 8．考查定语从句。句意：最终，那些有过独自旅行经历的人常常将其描述为改变人生的经历。此处为定语从句，先行词为those，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 9．考查冠词。句意：克服的挑战和获得的见解往往会产生深远的影响，这是课堂教育无法比拟的。此处为固定短语have a profound impact，意为“产生深远影响”。故填a。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：也许这解释了为什么越来越多的年轻人选择独自踏上旅程，寻求的不仅仅是目的地，还有转变。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少原因状语，应用why引导。故填why。 B （25-26高一上·上海·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The mindbending ‘cyberpunk city’ in China that exists on so many levels When visiting Chongqing for the first time last November, Joshua Guvi was worried that the city he’d seen on social media couldn’t possibly be as cool in real life. Located in a mountainous area of southwestern China, this city is known for 1 complex, multilayered layout (布局), causing some 2 (refer) to it as China’s “8D city.” Including its rural outer regions, the whole area is the size of Austria. 3 the city’s unique geography and rapid growth, Chongqing has had nowhere to go but up, to the point 4 one building even has a train running through the middle of it. For tourists — and even some locals — getting lost in winding, eye-popping Chongqing is part of the fun. “It actually shot a lot over my expectations,” says Guvi, a travel content creator from Canada. These moments 5 (sew) together into a video on Guvi’s YouTube channel. He wrote, “Chongqing feels like peering into the future. This city has its own pulse.” Guvi began his trip in Shanghai, 6 he wanted to experience a more authentically Chinese city. “I had heard some people talk about Chongqing in Shanghai… Shanghai is a(n) 7 (amaze) city, but I was curious to see more of the actual China, versus kind of the Shanghai where you can still get by on English.” He isn’t the only one who has been bypassing Beijing, Xi’an and other cities along the established Chinese tourist route in favor of Chongqing. Tourism in Chongqing has been skyrocketing 8 the country reopened post-pandemic. According to data 9 (release) by the Chongqing government, the city welcomed about 1.3 million inbound tourists in 2024, representing a year-on-year increase of 184%. In the first two months of 2025, the number of foreign nationals entering through the city’s ports increased by 60%. In fact, American tourists have seen 10 noticeable increase. That’s especially impressive considering there that the sole direct flight from the US to Chongqing is a once-a-week affair on Hainan Airlines. We have to say the outlook for inbound tourism is very promising. 【答案】 1．its 2．to refer 3．Due to 4．where 5．were sewn 6．where 7．amazing 8．since 9．released 10．a 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了重庆成热门旅游地，入境游客数量大幅增长。 1．考查代词。句意：位于中国西南部的山区，这座城市以其复杂的多层布局而闻名，导致一些人将其称为中国的“8D城市”。根据空后的“complex, multilayered layout”可知，空处修饰名词，表示“它的复杂的多层布局”，应用形容词性物主代词its作定语。故填its。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：位于中国西南部的山区，这座城市以其复杂的多层布局而闻名，导致一些人将其称为中国的“8D城市”。cause sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“导致某人做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式，作宾语补足语。故填to refer。 3．考查介词短语。句意：由于这座城市独特的地理位置和快速发展，重庆别无选择，只能向上发展，以至于一栋建筑甚至有火车从中间穿过。根据空后的名词短语“the city’s unique geography and rapid growth”可知，此处表示“由于这座城市独特的地理位置和快速发展”，应用介词短语due to，表示原因，且空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Due to。 4．考查定语从句。句意：由于这座城市独特的地理位置和快速发展，重庆别无选择，只能向上发展，以至于一栋建筑甚至有火车从中间穿过。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the point，表示抽象地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 5．考查时态和语态。句意：这些时刻被剪辑在一起，制作成Guvi YouTube频道上的一个视频。句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，且主语These moments和动词sew之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用were。故填were sewn。 6．考查定语从句。句意：Guvi的旅程始于上海，在那里他想体验一个更真实的中国城市。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Shanghai，表示地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 7．考查形容词。句意：上海是一个令人惊叹的城市，但我想看看更多真实的中国，而不是那种你仍然可以用英语应付的上海。根据空后的名词city可知，空处修饰名词，需用形容词作定语，修饰物应用-ing形容词amazing，意为“令人惊叹的”。故填amazing。 8．考查连词。句意：自疫情后国家重新开放以来，重庆的旅游业一直在飙升。根据空前的现在完成进行时“has been skyrocketing”可知，此处表示“自疫情后国家重新开放以来”，空处引导时间状语从句，意为“自从”，需用连接词since。故填since。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据重庆市政府发布的数据，2024年，该市接待入境游客约130万人次，同比增长184%。空处是非谓语动词，动词release和逻辑主语data之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填released。 10．考查冠词。句意：事实上，美国游客的数量有显著增加。空后increase为可数名词单数，此处表泛指，需用不定冠词，且noticeable是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 C （24-25高一下·上海·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. I was sure this was the worst day of my life. Being diagnosed with Type I diabetes felt almost like a death sentence. My life changed in an instant, and I was afraid 21 not being able to cope with a chronic (慢性的) disease and terrified that I would never get to be a normal child. Little did I know that this condition would later on allow me to give back to my community through my 22 (volunteer) initiatives and pursue a career where I could help others. The impact that my disease had on my family was profound. We all had to learn to adjust to a new reality. I knew that it was up to me to make this work, but I felt 23 (lose). After a few days, the initial shock 24 (replace) by denial, then came anger, and little by little, I later gained acceptance. By exercising determination and courage, I made a choice 25 (resist) letting it dictate who I was or what I could become. Meanwhile, I realized that some things in life are better dealt with by having a support system. With this in mind, I looked for positions where I 26 share my experience with others and listen to their own struggles. After getting involved in various initiatives, I decided to organize a support group for those 27 are dealing with difficult situations. The group was so successful 28 I was invited to other schools to talk about the difference we made in our members. We all have challenges in life. Looking back, 29 felt like a death sentence at first turned into a way of supporting others in my community. It 30 (prove) that the lessons we take from the setbacks we encounter can, in fact, be fundamental to later success. 【答案】 1．of 2．volunteering 3．lost 4．was replaced 5．to resist 6．could 7．who 8．that 9．what 10．proves 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者被诊断出1型糖尿病后，从恐惧到接受，通过组织互助小组帮助他人，认识到挫折带来的教训很重要。 1．考查介词。句意：我的生活在一瞬间改变了，我害怕无法应对这种慢性疾病，也害怕自己永远无法成为一个正常的孩子。这里考查be afraid of...，为固定搭配，意为“害怕……”，符合语境。故填of。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：我几乎不知道，这种状况后来会让我通过志愿者计划回馈社区，并追求一份可以帮助他人的职业。这里考查volunteering initiative，表“志愿服务倡议”，为固定搭配，用动词ing形式作定语修饰后面名词。故填volunteering。 3．考查形容词。句意：我知道这取决于我能否做到，但我感到迷茫。系动词felt后接形容词作表语，lost意为“迷茫的”，符合语境，故填lost。 4．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：几天后，最初的震惊被否认所取代，然后是愤怒，渐渐地，我后来接受了。此空考查谓语动词，shock与replace为被动关系，且动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态；主语shock为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。故填was replaced。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过锻炼决心和勇气，我选择不让它决定我是谁或我能成为什么。这里考查make a choice to do sth.，为固定搭配，意为“做出做某事的选择”，用不定式作后置定语。故填to resist。 6．考查情态动词。句意：考虑到这一点，我寻找那些可以与他人分享我的经历并倾听他们自己挣扎的职位。根据语境，此处表示“能够”，且主句为一般过去时，用could。故填could。 7．考查定语从句引导词。句意：在参与了各种计划后，我决定为那些正在应对困难处境的人组织一个支持小组。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为those（指人），在从句中作主语，常用关系代词who引导。故填who。 8．考查状语从句、固定句型。句意：这个小组非常成功，我被邀请到其他学校谈论我们对成员的影响。这里考查so...that...，为固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填that。 9．考查主语从句。句意：回首往事，起初感觉像是死刑判决的事情，后来变成了支持社区中其他人的一种方式。空处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，指物，应用what引导。故填what。 10．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这证明，我们从所遇到的挫折中吸取的教训，实际上可能是后来成功的基础。此空考查谓语动词，这里考查It proves that，是一个常用句型，用于表达“这证明了……”，其中It作形式主语。这可理解为描述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语It为单数。故填proves。 二、阅读理解 A （24-25高一下·上海闵行·期末）Before arriving in Paris, Wu Shuyun, a 56-year-old Chinese housewife, imagined the French capital to be like film set for a romantic love story, picturing herself as a fashionable princess surrounded by elegant Parisians. Instead, Ms. Wu said she was shocked by the cigarette butts and dog poo on the street, and the indifference of the locals. Though friends had warmed her about thieves targeting Chinese people, she said she was nevertheless surprised when a number of her tour group was robbed on a crowded Metro train, as other passengers looked on. “For the Chinese, France has always been romantic, mysterious and attractive,” Ms. Wu said after a two-week tour. “Once I realized that the Parisians were indifferent, I made a decision: try to make the most of the trip, but never come back to Paris again.” Psychologists warned that Chinese tourists, shaken by disappointment, were at risk of Paris Syndrome, a condition during which foreigners suffer depression and anxiety when their rosy imagination of champagne, magnificent architecture and Monet are destroyed. The expression was coined 30 years ago by Paris-based Japanese psychiatrist, Hiroaki Ota, after several Japanese visitors to Paris fell ill when their culture of politeness was met with French arrogance. Thomas Deschamps, the head of research at the Paris Tourism Office, said culture shock was particularly common among travelers from Asia, who sometimes wrongly regarded the French capital as a museum. “They watch movies like Amelie. They think all Parisians carry Louis Vuitton purses and smell like Dior,” Thomas said. “They don’t know about the working-class suburbs, the overworked waiters, the more unpleasant parts of the city. Paris is not a museum. People are busy. They are stressed and living their lives.” To help protect Chinese tourists, the local tourism industry has redoubled its efforts to be more culturally sensitive. An online guide for hotels and businesses notes that for serving Chinese visitors, “a simple smile and hello in their language will obviously put them at ease.” 1．According to the passage, what surprised Wu Shuyun during her trip to Paris? A．The elegant Parisians and romantic atmosphere. B．The dirty streets and indifferent local people. C．The famous museums and historical landmarks. D．The warm welcome from French hotel staff. 2．Why does the author mention “Paris Syndrome” in the passage? A．To emphasize the severe medical risks of traveling abroad. B．To criticize Japanese tourists for overreacting to culture shock. C．To highlight the psychological impact of unmet expectations. D．To promote better mental health services for foreign visitors. 3．What can be inferred from Thomas Deschamps’ comments about Paris? A．Parisians dislike tourists who idealize their city. B．Movies often provide an unrealistic portrayal of Paris. C．Working-class Parisians are more welcoming to visitors. D．The city’s museums are the main cause of culture shock. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To criticize Paris for its poor urban management and unfriendly locals. B．To explain why Chinese tourists often experience disappointment in Paris. C．To compare cultural differences between Asian and French travelers. D．To suggest solutions for reducing culture shock among Chinese visitors. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了中国游客吴淑云（音译）在巴黎旅游时因现实与想象落差产生失望情绪，引出 “巴黎综合征” 这一现象，介绍其由来，并通过巴黎旅游办公室研究负责人的话解释游客产生这种心理落差的原因，当地旅游业也在努力缓解这种文化冲击。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Ms. Wu said she was shocked by the cigarette butts and dog poo on the street, and the indifference of the locals. (吴女士说，她对街上的烟头和狗屎，以及当地人的冷漠感到震惊)” 可知，吴淑云在巴黎之行中，对脏乱的街道和冷漠的当地人感到惊讶。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Psychologists warned that Chinese tourists, shaken by disappointment, were at risk of Paris Syndrome, a condition during which foreigners suffer depression and anxiety when their rosy imagination of champagne, magnificent architecture and Monet are destroyed.(心理学家警告说，失望动摇了中国游客的心理，他们面临着 “巴黎综合征” 的风险，这种情况下，外国人对香槟、宏伟建筑和莫奈的美好想象破灭时，会遭受抑郁和焦虑)” 可知，作者提到 “巴黎综合征” 是为了突出未满足期望带来的心理影响。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第七段“They watch movies like Amelie. They think all Parisians carry Louis Vuitton purses and smell like Dior,(他们看像《天使爱美丽》这样的电影。他们认为所有巴黎人都拿着路易威登手袋，身上散发着迪奥的香味)” 可知，托马斯・德尚的话表明电影常常对巴黎进行不切实际的描绘。故选B。 4．推理判断题。讲述了中国游客吴淑云在巴黎旅游时因现实与想象落差产生失望情绪，引出 “巴黎综合征” 这一现象，介绍其由来，并通过巴黎旅游办公室研究负责人的话解释游客产生这种心理落差的原因。所以主要目的是解释中国游客在巴黎常感到失望的原因。故选B。 B （25-26高一上·上海徐汇·期中）Cinque Terre, Italy, in thermal layers. Ireland in ceaseless rain. For decades, I limited most of my European travels to fall because, whatever the weather, I enjoyed the feeling of having the hotel, trail, restaurant or cathedral to myself. But I won’t be alone this year. From resort towns in Europe to popular summer destinations in the United States, places once emptied by October are now filled with guests. Booking.com reported notable growth in searches for traditional beach trips such as the Hamptons — up 78% уear-over-year in September and 45% in October — and Cape Cod. Searches for rooms in Dublin are up 35% in the fall over summer, according to Expedia, and Virtuoso, a consortium of high-end travel agencies, says that fall bookings have climbed 30% this year. Fall’s popularity owes some credit to the broader boom in travel. Last year, 1.4 billion people traveled internationally, up from 673 million in 2000, according to the World Travel & Tourism Council. With more of them seeking better access and fewer crowds, the off-season is now its own season. In some destinations, climate change has encouraged fall travel by extending milder weather. In the Italian Alps, with diminished early snows, the Grand Hotel Courmayeur Mont Blanc will remain open this fall for the first time, rather than closing in mid-September and reopening in December for the ski season. The fallout from overtourism — including shoulder-to-shoulder summer crowds in places like Venice and Dubrovnik, Croatia, and anti-tourism protests in Spain — has pushed some travelers to delay departures to later in the year. To ease the pressure, sustainability-minded operators have introduced trips to lesser-traveled destinations such as Uzbekistan and Romania. While taking extended vacations during back-to-school season remains a challenge for many families, travel industry experts credit the shift in flexible work patterns for introducing travelers to the joys of fall trips. “Travelers are no longer bound by school calendars or 9-to-5 routines,” said Melissa Krueger, the CEO of a travel agency based in California. “They also want more meaningful trips — harvest festivals, culinary events, wildlife encounters — that don’t follow a summer-only mindset.” October is no longer a secret whispered among in-the-know travelers. It has confidently taken its place as the crown jewel of the year. 1．What can we know about the author’s past European travels in fall? A．He often faced unpleasant weather like ceaseless rain in Ireland. B．He found it hard to book hotels due to limited autumn openings. C．He enjoyed far less crowded tourist attractions during those trips. D．He preferred visiting Cinque Terre to other European destinations. 2．Which of the following does NOT account for the growing popularity of fall travel? A．Flexible work schedules allow people to travel during the offseason. B．Lower international travel costs make fall journeys more budget-friendly. C．Mild weather lasts longer in some destinations because of climate change. D．The problems caused by overtourism causes travelers to avoid summer trips. 3．According to the passage, it can be inferred that __________. A．travel agencies are struggling to meet the rising demand for fall trips. B．the author plans to avoid European travel this fall due to greater crowds. C．climate change has reduced the appeal of the Alps in fall among visitors. D．tourists now favor experiences over seasonal routines when planning trips. 4．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Fall Travel: From a Well-Kept Secret to a Beloved Choice B．The Rise of European Travel: Destinations and Highlights C．Overtourism: What Drives Travelers Towards Offseason Trips D．Embrace the Season: The Latest Data and Trend of Fall Travel 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了秋季旅行从鲜为人知到广受欢迎的原因，包括旅行整体增长、气候变化、过度旅游问题及灵活工作模式等。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“For decades, I limited most of my European travels to fall because, whatever the weather, I enjoyed the feeling of having the hotel, trail, restaurant or cathedral to myself. (几十年来，我把大部分欧洲旅行都限制在秋季，因为无论天气如何，我都喜欢独自拥有酒店、小径、餐厅或大教堂的感觉)”可知，作者过去秋季在欧洲旅行时，旅游景点的人要少得多，他享受这种不那么拥挤的旅行。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Fall’s popularity owes some credit to the broader boom in travel. (秋季的流行在一定程度上要归功于旅游业的整体繁荣)”、第四段“In some destinations, climate change has encouraged fall travel by extending milder weather. (在一些目的地，气候变化通过延长温和天气鼓励了秋季旅行)”以及第五段“The fallout from overtourism — including shoulder-to-shoulder summer crowds in places like Venice and Dubrovnik, Croatia, and anti-tourism protests in Spain — has pushed some travelers to delay departures to later in the year. (过度旅游的后果——包括在威尼斯和克罗地亚杜布罗夫尼克等地夏季人挤人，以及西班牙的反旅游抗议——促使一些旅行者将出发时间推迟到今年晚些时候)”和第六段“While taking extended vacations during back-to-school season remains a challenge for many families, travel industry experts credit the shift in flexible work patterns for introducing travelers to the joys of fall trips. (虽然在返校季延长假期对许多家庭来说仍然是一个挑战，但旅游业专家认为，灵活工作模式的转变让旅行者体验到了秋季旅行的乐趣)”可知，灵活的工作安排、气候变化以及过度旅游问题都促使秋季旅行越来越受欢迎，而文中并未提及国际旅行成本降低使秋季旅行更具预算友好性。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第六段“Travelers are no longer bound by school calendars or 9-to-5 routines,” said Melissa Krueger, the CEO of a travel agency based in California. “They also want more meaningful trips — harvest festivals, culinary events, wildlife encounters — that don’t follow a summer-only mindset.” (“旅行者不再受学校日历或朝九晚五的作息时间的限制，”加州一家旅行社的首席执行官梅利莎·克鲁格说。“他们还想要更有意义的旅行——丰收节、美食活动、野生动物邂逅——这些旅行不遵循只在夏季的思维模式。”)”可知，现在游客在规划旅行时更注重体验，而不是季节性的常规安排。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“October is no longer a secret whispered among in-the-know travelers. It has confidently taken its place as the crown jewel of the year. (十月不再是资深旅行者之间窃窃私语的秘密。它自信地成为了一年中的瑰宝)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了秋季旅行从过去鲜为人知到现在广受欢迎的转变，“秋季旅行：从鲜为人知的秘密到备受喜爱的选择”适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 C （23-24高一下·上海·期中）Planning a visit to the UK? Here we help with ways to cut your costs. AVOID BIG EVENTS Big sporting events, concerts and exhibitions can increase the cost of accommodation and make it harder to find a room. A standard double room at the Thistle Brighton on the final Friday of the Brighton Comedy Festival (19 Oct.) cost￡169.15 at Booking.com. A week later, the same room cost￡118.15. If you can be flexible and want to know dates to avoid — or you’re looking for a big event to pass your time-----check out sites such as Whatsonwhen.com, which allow you to search for events in the UK by city, date and category. STAY AWAY FROM THE STATION If travelling to your destination by train, you may want to find a good base close to the station, but you could end up paying more for the sake of convenience at the start of your holiday. Don’t be too choosy about the part of town you stay in. Booking two months in advance, the cheapest room at Travelodge’s Central Euston hotel in London for Saturday 22 September was￡95.95. A room just a tube journey away at its Covent Garden hotel was￡75.75. And at Farringdon, a double room cost just ￡62.95. LOOK AFTER YOURSELF Really central hotels in cities such as London, Edinburgh and Cardiff can cost a fortune, especially at weekends and during big events. As an alternative consider checking into a self-catering flat with its own kitchen. Often these flats are hidden away on the top floors of city centre buildings. A great example is the historic O’Neill Flat on Edinburgh’s Royal Mile, available for ￡420 for five days in late September, with room for four adults. GET ON A BIKE London’s ‘Boris bikes’ have attracted the most attention, but other cities also have similar programmes that let you rent a bicycle and explore at your own pace, saving you on public transport or car parking costs. Among the smaller cities with their own programmes are Newcastle (casual members pay around ￡1.50 for two hours) and Cardiff (free for up to 30 minutes, or ￡5 per day). 1．The Brighton Comedy Festival is mentioned mainly to show big events may ________. A．help travelers pass time B．attract lots of travelers to the UK C．allow travelers to make flexible plans D．cause travelers to pay more for accommodation 2．The passage shows that the O’Neill Flat ________. A．lies on the ground floor B．is located in central London C．provides cooking facilities for tourists D．costs over￡100 on average per day in late September 3．Cardiff’s program allows a free bike for a maximum period of ________. A．half an hour B．one hour C．one hour and a half D．two hours 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文为一篇应用文，介绍了去英国旅游减少成本花费的方法。 1．细节理解题。根据AVOID BIG EVENTS中关键句“Big sporting events, concerts and exhibitions can increase the cost of accommodation and make it harder to find a room. A standard double room at the Thistle Brighton on the final Friday of the Brighton Comedy Festival(19 Oct.)cost￡169.15 at Booking.com. A week later, the same room cost￡118.15.(大型体育赛事、音乐会和展览会增加住宿成本，让人更难找到房间。布莱顿喜剧节最后一个星期五(10月19日)，在Booking.com上，布莱顿蓟酒店的标准双人房价格为169.15英镑。一周后，同样的房间价格为118.15英镑)”可知，文章提及布莱顿喜剧节是为了说明在大型活动时，旅行者会支付更多的住宿费用。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据LOOK AFTER YOURSELF中关键句“Really central hotels in cities such as London, Edinburgh and Cardiff can cost a fortune, especially at weekends and during big events. As an alternative consider checking into a self-catering flat with its own kitchen. Often these flats are hidden away on the top floors of city centre buildings. A great example is the historic O’Neill Flat on Edinburgh’s Royal Mile, available for ￡420 for five days in late September, with room for four adults.(在伦敦、爱丁堡和卡迪夫这样的城市，真正的中心酒店可能要花一大笔钱，尤其是在周末和大型活动期间。你也可以考虑住一套带厨房的自助式公寓。这些公寓通常隐藏在市中心建筑物的顶层。一个很好的例子是爱丁堡皇家英里大道上历史悠久的奥尼尔公寓(O’neill Flat)， 9月底的5天房租为420英镑，可容纳4名成人)”可知，奥尼尔公寓为游客提供烹饪设施。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据GET ON A BIKE中关键句“Among the smaller cities with their own programmes are Newcastle(casual members pay around ￡1.50 for two hours)and Cardiff(free for up to 30 minutes, or ￡5 per day).(一些较小的城市也有自己的项目，比如纽卡斯尔（临时会员两小时收费1.5英镑）和卡迪夫（30分钟免费，或者每天5英镑）)”可知，Cardiff项目可以最多免费骑车半个小时。故选A。 D （24-25高一下·上海·期末）Frances Arnold has always been a rebel (叛逆者). Her willingness to question authority and make her own way helped her earn the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her pioneering work in ‌“directed evolution of enzymes (酶)”. Getting there, though, required Arnold to enhance her innovative effort in a process that took decades. Arnold, 64, grew up in a conservative family in a suburb of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. At the age of 15, she left home to seek an independent life. She found her own apartment in the city and worked a number of jobs to get by — while still attending high school. The experience taught her valuable life lessons. ‌“I’m not a follower,” she says, ‌“I had to do my thing in my own way and often it was the hard way.” Arnold eventually gave in to her family. She applied to the Mechanical Engineering Department at Princeton University, her dad’s alma mater (母校). After graduating in 1979, she briefly took up jobs in solar technology before realizing it was not where her passion lay. Her determination to make a difference, however, remained unchanged. She went back to school to earn advanced degrees in chemical engineering at the University of California at Berkeley. When she completed her postdoctoral work there in 1986, Arnold joined the faculty at Caltech and has since been working there in the fields of chemical engineering, bioengineering and biochemistry. In terms of research potential, her timing was perfect. The world of DNA was just opening up. Gene splicing (基因剪接) technology was new. ‌“We were hoping to make the code of life work for us,” Arnold recalls. At the time it was a complicated, laborious process that required knowing which changes in the DNA would lead to whatever traits the researchers wanted to change. To make a useful medicine, for instance, the responsible gene had to be modified. Never one to follow the crowd, she thought she had a better idea — use evolution, because DNA was ‌“composed by evolution over the millennia”. Her vision was to speed it up and make it work for us. ‌“Humans have been creating new forms of life by artificial selection for thousands of years,” she says. ‌“From corn to hairless cats, we’ve been modifying DNA to serve us by choosing who goes on to parent the next generation.” She decided to breed proteins that had the traits she was interested in. And as it turned out, proteins were able to adapt quickly to new demands that were being placed upon them. ‌“To me, (directed evolution) seemed obvious,” she recalls. This was not true for everyone. ‌“I got a lot of pushback. People were telling me the only proper way was to sit down and design genes.” Despite the pressure, Arnold persevered. In part, it was her determination and courage. But she doesn’t claim credit for herself. ‌“Anything I do is small. But I enlarge that by sharing ideas with other people,” she says, ‌“They gave me the Nobel Prize really because my ideas were magnified by so many other people.” 1．Which of the following is true about Arnold? A．She never listened to what her parents said. B．She didn’t know early on that her interest was in studying DNA． C．She had to take several part-time jobs to put her through college. D．She applied to study engineering because it’s the best major in his father’s alma mater. 2．Which of the following is not the function of DNA before Arnold’s research? A．To make effective medicine. B．To cultivate plants. C．To change physical features of animals. D．To breed proteins. 3．What is the secret of Arnold’s success? A．Her optimistic attitude towards life. B．Her natural curiosity about everything. C．Her willingness and courage to take an unusual path. D．Her passion for making a difference in the scientific world. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The magic of the modification of DNA B．The unusual path to the Nobel Prize C．Being straightforward and stubborn works D．The power of team work in the scientific world 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了弗朗西丝·阿诺德凭借叛逆精神和创新思维，历经数十年探索，最终因在“酶的定向进化”方面的开创性工作获得2018年诺贝尔化学奖的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第四段中“After graduating in 1979, she briefly took up jobs in solar technology before realizing it was not where her passion lay. Her determination to make a difference, however, remained unchanged. She went back to school to earn advanced degrees in chemical engineering at the University of California at Berkeley.(1979年毕业后，她曾短暂从事太阳能技术工作，后来才意识到这并非她的兴趣所在。然而，她想要有所作为的决心始终未变。她回到学校，在加州大学伯克利分校攻读化学工程的高级学位)”可知，阿诺德早期曾短暂从事太阳能技术工作，后来才意识到这并非她的兴趣所在，然后又回到学校攻读化学工程的高级学位，这说明她之前并不知道自己的兴趣在于研究DNA。因此B项“She didn’t know early on that her interest was in studying DNA.”是正确表述。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“‘Humans have been creating new forms of life by artificial selection for thousands of years,’ she says. ‘From corn to hairless cats, we’ve been modifying DNA to serve us by choosing who goes on to parent the next generation.’ She decided to breed proteins that had the traits she was interested in. (‘几千年来，人类一直通过人工选择创造新的生命形式，’她说，‘从玉米到无毛猫，我们一直在通过选择下一代的繁衍者来改造DNA，为我们所用。’她决定培育具有她感兴趣特征的蛋白质)”可知，是阿诺德开始用DNA来培育蛋白质。所以在阿诺德的研究之前，培育蛋白质不是DNA的功能。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Her willingness to question authority and make her own way helped her earn the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her pioneering work in ‘directed evolution of enzymes (酶)’ .(她敢于质疑权威、坚持走自己的路，这使她因在‘酶的定向进化’方面的开创性工作而获得了2018年诺贝尔化学奖)”、倒数第四段“Never one to follow the crowd, she thought she had a better idea — use evolution, because DNA was ‘composed by evolution over the millennia’. Her vision was to speed it up and make it work for us.(她从不随波逐流，她认为自己有一个更好的主意——利用进化，因为DNA是‘历经数千年进化而成的’。她的愿景是加速进化，让它为我们所用)”和倒数第一段中“Despite the pressure, Arnold persevered.(尽管压力重重，阿诺德还是坚持了下来)”可知，阿诺德成功的秘诀在于她敢于质疑权威，愿意并且有勇气走不寻常的道路。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Her willingness to question authority and make her own way helped her earn the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her pioneering work in ‘directed evolution of enzymes’.(她敢于质疑权威、坚持走自己的路，这使她因在‘酶的定向进化’方面的开创性工作而获得了2018年诺贝尔化学奖)”以及后文对她不随波逐流，坚持独特研究方法的描述可知，文章主要讲述了阿诺德通过不寻常的方式获得了诺贝尔奖。B项“通往诺贝尔奖的不寻常之路”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选B项。 E （24-25高一下·上海·期末）It’s easy to feel as though you’re doing something wrong these days if you don’t know your VO2-Max and how many hours of REM sleep you get each night, or if you’re not taking a dozen different supplements and scrutinizing every bite of food that makes its way into your mouth. “Biohackers” and other longevity seekers would have you believe that if you diligently measure your every bodily function and meticulously tailor your nutrition and exercise routine, you can reprogram your body to live longer and evade dreaded diseases. These folks’ logical flaw is to assume that the biological processes in your body are just as predictable and controllable as a microchip. What they don’t understand, or choose to ignore, is that the human organism is far too complex and unpredictable for that level of control. Take, for example, a recent fad among people without diabetes to closely monitor their bodies’ glucose (葡萄糖) levels. They claim to use the data generated by these devices to learn how to customize their diet for optimal glucose levels. The trouble is that our bodies’ glucose response to food intake is far too inconsistent to produce informative results. Researchers in a recent study fed participants identical meals separated by one week in a highly controlled hospital environment, while the participants wore continuous glucose monitors. Even when eating identical meals under these artificial conditions, the glucose measurements from a given participant looked no more similar than when the participants each ate an entirely different meal. A scatter chart the researchers made comparing the glucose results from one meal against the identical meal a week later looked like it could have been made by a person throwing darts blindfolded. Randomness is inherent to life. Our parents’ chromosomes (染色体) are shuffled like a deck of cards before we receive half of each of their genetic code. Diseases are often the result of random processes. More than two-thirds of cancer-causing mutations are not due to anything we’ve put our bodies through. They are the unavoidable result of random errors introduced in our DNA by the molecular machines that copy our DNA before our cells divide.   There is a growing industry of people and companies selling biohacking advice, tracking devices, and supplements. They believe they are selling people hope for better health. In reality, they may be selling people guilt that they haven’t done more already to control their health and may create a burden of unachievable expectations. Of course, none of this is meant to imply that there is nothing we can do to affect our health. Basic health maxims (箴言) still apply: Don’t smoke. Don’t drink excessive amounts of alcohol. If you’re obese, lose some weight. Control your blood pressure and cholesterol. Exercise. Get age-appropriate vaccinations and cancer screens. But obsessing over minute-to-minute changes in your glucose level or tracking your blood levels of a dozen different vitamins and minerals is unlikely to make a massive impact on your health. If you’re doing these things because you believe you can exert complete control over your health outcomes like a programmer writing a piece of code, my message is: Don’t sweat the small stuff. 1．The glucose monitoring study is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to demonstrate that ______. A．identical meals produce identical bodily responses B．the human body is highly variable and unpredictable C．continuous glucose monitors are inaccurate D．hospital conditions affect metabolic rates 2．The passage states that most cancer-causing mutations occur because of ______. A．inherited genetic defects B．environmental toxin exposure C．random DNA replication error D．terrible food choices 3．Which of the following behaviors does the expression “Don’t sweat the small stuff” (last paragraph) criticize? A．overemphasizing trivial biological data B．neglecting fundamental health principles C．rejecting cutting-edge medical technology D．underestimating genetic factors 4．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Genetic testing provides the most reliable health predictions among all forms of biohacking. B．Biohacking shifts the blame onto individuals for health problems that are often just bad luck. C．More advanced technology is needed to fully understand complex human biological systems. D．Ignoring modern health technologies is the key to better well-being. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述生物黑客等长寿追求者观点的逻辑缺陷，指出人体复杂不可控，无需过度关注细节。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The trouble is that our bodies’ glucose response to food intake is far too inconsistent to produce informative results. Researchers in a recent study fed participants identical meals separated by one week in a highly controlled hospital environment, while the participants wore continuous glucose monitors. Even when eating identical meals under these artificial conditions, the glucose measurements from a given participant looked no more similar than when the participants each ate an entirely different meal. (问题在于，我们身体对食物摄入的葡萄糖反应极不稳定，无法得出有参考价值的结果。近期一项研究中，研究人员在高度可控的医院环境中，让参与者间隔一周食用完全相同的餐食，同时让他们佩戴持续葡萄糖监测仪。即便在这种人为控制的条件下食用相同餐食，同一参与者的葡萄糖测量结果之间的相似性，也并不比他们各自食用完全不同餐食时更高。)”可知，第三段提到葡萄糖监测研究是为了证明人体具有高度可变性和不可预测性。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“More than two-thirds of cancer-causing mutations are not due to anything we’ve put our bodies through. They are the unavoidable result of random errors introduced in our DNA by the molecular machines that copy our DNA before our cells divide. (超过三分之二的致癌突变不是由于我们对身体所做的任何事情。它们是细胞分裂前复制DNA的分子机器在DNA中引入随机错误的不可避免的结果。)”可知，文章指出大多数致癌突变的发生是因为随机的DNA复制错误。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中的“But obsessing over minute-to-minute changes in your glucose level or tracking your blood levels of a dozen different vitamins and minerals is unlikely to make a massive impact on your health. (但是，沉迷于葡萄糖水平的每分钟变化或追踪十几种不同维生素和矿物质的血液水平不太可能对您的健康产生巨大影响。)”可知，沉迷于健康数据不太可能对健康产生巨大影响，由此可知，作者反对过度关注琐碎的生理数据，所以划线句子“Don’t sweat the small stuff. (不要为小事烦恼。)”批评了“过度强调琐碎的生物数据”的行为。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“There is a growing industry of people and companies selling biohacking advice, tracking devices, and supplements. They believe they are selling people hope for better health. In reality, they may be selling people guilt that they haven’t done more already to control their health and may create a burden of unachievable expectations. (越来越多的人和公司出售生物黑客建议、追踪设备和补充剂。他们认为自己在向人们出售改善健康的希望。实际上，他们可能在让人们感到内疚，因为他们没有做更多的事情来控制自己的健康，并可能造成无法实现的期望的负担。)”可推断，生物黑客将健康问题的责任推给个人，而这些问题往往只是运气不好。故选B项。 F （24-25高一下·上海·期末）Do you like the thick brush strokes and soft color palettes of an impressionist painting such as those by Claude Monet? Or do you prefer the bold colors and abstract shapes of a Rothko? Individual art tastes have a certain mystique to them, but now a new Caltech study shows that a simple computer program can accurately predict which paintings a person will like. The new study asked more than 1,500 volunteers to rate paintings in the genres of impressionism, cubism, abstract, and color field. The volunteers’ answers were fed into a computer program, which then could predict the volunteers’ art preferences. The findings not only demonstrated that computers could make these predictions but also led to a new understanding about how people judge art. “The main point is that we are gaining an insight into the mechanism that people use to make aesthetic judgments,” says O’Doherty, a neuroscientist in the team. In the study, the team programmed the computer to break a painting's visual attributes down into what they called low-level features—traits like contrast, saturation (饱和度), and color—as well as high-level features, which require human judgment and include traits such as whether the painting is dynamic or still. The computer program then estimates how much a specific feature is taken into account when making a decision about how much to like a particular piece of art. Both features are combined when making these decisions. Once the computer has estimated that, then it can successfully predict a person’s liking for another previously unseen piece of art. The researchers also discovered that the volunteers tended to cluster into three general categories: those who like paintings with real-life objects, such as an impressionist painting; those who like colorful abstract paintings; and those who like complex paintings, such as Picasso’s cubist portraits. The majority of people fell into the first “real-life object” category. While the computer program was successful at predicting the volunteers’ art preferences, the researchers say there is still more to learn about the nuances that go into any one individual’s taste. “There are aspects of individual preferences that we have not succeeded in explaining using this method,” says O’Doherty. “This more idiosyncratic component may relate to past experiences and other personal traits that might influence valuation.” 1．What was the main purpose of the Caltech study mentioned in the passage? A．To examine why people have different tastes in paintings. B．To compare different painting styles like impressionism and cubism. C．To prove that computers can create better art than humans. D．To determine the accuracy of computers’ prediction of art preferences. 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE about “high-level features” in the study? A．They were ignored by the computer program in the study. B．They involve subjective judgment. C．They are less accurate than low-level features in predicting preferences. D．They are easily quantifiable by machines. 3．The word “idiosyncratic” in the last paragraph most closely means A．vital B．predictable C．individual D．complex 4．Based on the passage, what is the likely next step for this research? A．Teaching computers to paint original artwork. B．Incorporating additional personal data into the prediction model. C．Eliminating the use of low-level features in predictions. D．Focusing mainly on impressionist paintings. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了计算机程序能预测人们艺术偏好的研究。 1．细节理解题。 根据第一段“but now a new Caltech study shows that a simple computer program can accurately predict which paintings a person will like.(但现在加州理工学院的一项新研究表明，一个简单的计算机程序可以准确预测一个人会喜欢哪些画作) 以及根据第二段中“The new study asked more than 1,10 volunteers to rate paintings in the genres of impressionism, cubism, abstract, and color field. The volunteers’ answers were fed into a computer program, which then could predict the volunteers’ art preferences.(这项新研究让110多名志愿者对印象派、立体派、抽象派和色域派等不同流派的画作进行评分。志愿者的答案被输入到一个计算机程序中，该程序可以预测志愿者的艺术偏好) ”以及第三段中“The findings not only demonstrated that computers could make these predictions but also led to a new understanding about how people judge art.(研究结果不仅证明了计算机可以进行这些预测，还让我们对人们如何评判艺术有了新的认识)”可知，Caltech研究的主要目的是确定计算机预测艺术偏好的准确性。故选D。 2．推理判断题。 根据第四段“In the study, the team programmed the computer to break a painting's visual attributes down into what they called low-level features — traits like contrast, saturation (饱和度), and color — as well as high-level features, which require human judgment and include traits such as whether the painting is dynamic or still.(在研究中，研究团队让计算机将画作的视觉属性分解为他们所说的低级特征——如对比度、饱和度和颜色等特性——以及需要人类判断的高级特征，包括画作是动态的还是静态的等特性)”可推知，研究中的“高级特征”涉及主观判断。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。 根据最后一段中“There are aspects of individual preferences that we have not succeeded in explaining using this method,” says O’Doherty. “This more idiosyncratic component may relate to past experiences and other personal traits that might influence valuation.(O’Doherty说：“我们无法用这种方法解释个人偏好的某些方面。这种更idiosyncratic的成分可能与过去的经历和其他可能影响评估的个人特质有关。”)”可知，无法用这种方法解释个人偏好的某些方面，所以此处指这种更个人的成分可能与过去的经历和其他可能影响评估的个人特质有关，“idiosyncratic”在此处意为“个人的，独特的”。故选C。 4．推理判断题。 根据最后一段中“While the computer program was successful at predicting the volunteers’ art preferences, the researchers say there is still more to learn about the nuances that go into any one individual’s taste. “There are aspects of individual preferences that we have not succeeded in explaining using this method,” says O’Doherty. “This more idiosyncratic component may relate to past experiences and other personal traits that might influence valuation.”(虽然计算机程序在预测志愿者的艺术偏好方面取得了成功，但研究人员表示，对于每个人品味的细微差别，我们还有很多需要了解的地方。O’Doherty说：“我们无法用这种方法解释个人偏好的某些方面。这种更独特的成分可能与过去的经历和其他可能影响评估的个人特质有关。”)”可推知，这项研究的下一步很可能是将额外的个人数据纳入预测模型。故选B。 G （24-25高一下·上海·期末）How Green Is the Building? In the world leaders meeting in Paris agreed to move towards zero net greenhouse-gas emissions in the second half of this century. That is a tall order, and the building industry makes it even taller. Cement-making alone produces 6% of the world’s carbon emission. 1 If you factor in all of the energy that goes into lighting, heating and cooling homes and offices, the world’s buildings start to look like a severe environmental problem. Governments in the rich world are now trying to promote greener behavior by obliging developers to build new projects to “zero carbon” standards. 2 All other types of buildings will follow in January of the next year. Governments in eight further countries are being advised to introduce a similar policy. 3 Wind turbines and solar panels on top of buildings look good but are much less productive than-wind and solar farms. And the standards only count the emissions from running a building, not those let out when it was made. Those are thought to account for between 30% and 60% of the total over a structure’s lifetime. Buildings can become greener. They can use more recycled steel and can be pre-made. The energy required to produce a wooden beam is one-sixth of that required for a steel one of comparable strength. When a mature tree is cut down, a new one can be planted to replace it, capturing more carbon. After buildings are torn down, old roofs are easy to recycle into-new structures. And for older buildings-to be more energy-efficient, wood is a good insulator (绝缘体). 4 Governments can help urge the industry to use more wood, particularly in the public sector — the construction industry’s biggest client. That would help wood-building specialists achieve greater scale and lower costs. A．For example, a softwood window frame provides 400 times as much insulation as a steel and 1,000 times as an aluminum. B．However, these standards are less green than they may seem. C．In January, all new buildings in the EU must be built to “nearly zero-energy” standards. D．Steel half of which goes into buildings, accounts for another 8%. E．This would favor wood as well as innovative ways of producing other materials. F．Zero-carbon building regulations should be altered to include the material emissions. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讨论了建筑行业的碳排放问题以及如何通过采用更环保的建筑材料和建筑标准来减少碳排放。 1．根据上文“Cement-making alone produces 6% of the world’s carbon emission. (仅水泥生产就占全球碳排放的6%。)”可知，此处是在举例说明建筑行业碳排放占比高，D项“Steel half of which goes into buildings, accounts for another 8%. (钢铁行业占另外的8%，其中一半用于建筑行业。)”，进一步举例说明建筑行业碳排放占比高，与上文形成并列关系。故选D项。 2．根据上文“Governments in the rich world are now trying to promote greener behavior by obliging developers to build new projects to “zero carbon” standards. (富裕国家的政府如今正试图通过强制开发商按照“零碳”标准建设新项目，来推动更环保的行为。)”以及下文“All other types of buildings will follow in January of the next year.(所有其他类型的建筑将在明年1月跟进。)”可知，此处是在说明某个时间点对建筑的新要求，C项“In January, all new buildings in the EU must be built to “nearly zero-energy” standards. (1月份，欧盟所有新建筑必须按照“近零能耗”标准建造。)”，以具体案例（欧盟政策）衔接上文，又与下文时间相呼应。故选C项。 3．根据下文“Wind turbines and solar panels on top of buildings look good but are much less productive than wind and solar farms. And the standards only count the emissions from running a building, not those let out when it was made. (建筑物顶部的风力涡轮机和太阳能电池板看起来不错，但比风能和太阳能发电场的效率低得多。而且标准只计算建筑物运行时的排放，而不计算建造时的排放。)”可知，此处是在说明这些标准存在不足，B项“However, these standards are less green than they may seem. (然而，这些标准并不像看上去那么环保。)”，可作为段落主题句，通过转折词However引出现有标准的缺陷，与后文的具体分析形成呼应。故选B项。 4．根据上文“And for older buildings to be more energy-efficient, wood is a good insulator (绝缘体). (对于老建筑来说，为了提高能源效率，木材是一种很好的绝缘体。)”可知，此处是在说明木材作为绝缘体的优势，A项“For example, a softwood window frame provides 400 times as much insulation as a steel and 1,000 times as an aluminum. (例如，一个软木窗框的隔热性能是钢窗框的400倍，是铝窗框的1,000倍。)”中的“insulation”与上文“insulator”直接呼应，举例说明了木材的隔热性能。故选A项。 三、完形填空 A （25-26高一上·上海·月考）How an Ancient Town Became Empty The Dayong Town complex was supposed to be a game changer for Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province. However, three years after it opened, the ancient town was 1 . Located in the heart of Zhangjiajie, Dayong Town was designed to be a new 2 for the city. It features ornate pavilions, stone walls, and cobbled streets lined with stores. All these were 3 to recreate the glory of the city’s ancient past. The project has reportedly lost over 500 million yuan since it opened in 2021. In the first half of this year, only 2,300 tickets were sold — a(n) 4 of less than 20 per day. On many days, the site feels like a(n) 5 town, with its main square and stores empty. Behind Dayong Town is Zhangjiajie Tourism Group Co., the city’s largest tourism firm. It 6 made a huge commitment to the project, spending over 2.2 billion yuan. However, the 7 of its completion in 2021 couldn’t have been worse. The scenic spot began trial operations on June 21, 2021. Occasional pandemic controls for the next 18 months greatly impacted its ability to 8 visitors. Experts have also noted that Dayong Town was itself a deeply 9 project. Its 10 combination of faux-historic (仿古的) and modern buildings failed to attract tourists. 11 , its location, just three kilometers from the city’s railway station, wasn’t much of an advantage in practice. The most 12 tourist attraction in the city is the Wulingyuan Scenic Area. This mountain range is located around 60 kilometers from the city center. The local travel industry focuses on 13 tourists to its jagged (嶙峋的) peaks. Many travel agencies don’t even bother including the city center in their plans of trips. This has made it difficult for Dayong Town to attract visitors. The businesses inside Dayong Town have refused to pay their rent. “They argued that the scenic spot was not well managed and that no one came,” reveals one insider. The intermediate people’s court in Zhangjiajie has ruled that the Dayong Ancient Town Development Co., Ltd would 14 the reorganization process. Dayong Town now stands as a symbol of waste and excess. Its 15 highlights the need for more thoughtful and efficient tourism models. 1．A．crowded B．deserted C．collapsed D．applauded 2．A．museum B．palace C．contribution D．landmark 3．A．forced B．allowed C．meant D．elected 4．A．average B．total C．majority D．maximum 5．A．modern B．historic C．ghost D．accessible 6．A．considerately B．unwisely C．suddenly D．fortunately 7．A．location B．design C．timing D．cost 8．A．attract B．fancy C．ban D．blame 9．A．successful B．simple C．problematic D．mysterious 10．A．awkward B．smooth C．traditional D．creative 11．A．However B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．Moreover 12．A．popular B．energetic C．disappointing D．original 13．A．memorizing B．transporting C．reserving D．reflecting 14．A．bring up B．belong to C．break out D．go through 15．A．facility B．foundation C．failure D．preservation 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．A 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．D 15．C 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了湖南张家界大庸古镇项目从被寄予厚望到彻底失败的案例。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，开业三年后，这座古镇却被人遗弃。A. crowded挤满；B. deserted遗弃；C. collapsed倒塌；D. applauded鼓掌。根据前文“The Dayong Town complex was supposed to be a game changer for Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province.”，本句中“However”以及后文“with its main square and stores empty”可知，大庸古镇项目本应成为湖南省张家界市的一个颠覆者，却在开业三年后，被人遗弃。故选B项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：大庸古镇位于张家界市中心，被设计成为该市的一个新地标。A. museum博物馆；B. palace宫殿；C. contribution贡献；D. landmark地标。根据后文“It features ornate pavilions, stone walls, and cobbled streets lined with stores.”可知，这些都指向它是一个被精心打造的代表性工程，即被设计为城市的新地标。故选D项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有这些都旨在重现这座城市古老过去的辉煌。A. forced迫使；B. allowed允许；C. meant意在，旨在；D. elected选举。根据后文的“to recreate the glory of the city’s ancient past”可知，表示目的，说明设计的初衷。be meant to do sth是固定搭配，意为“旨在、目的是”。故选C项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今年上半年，仅售出2300张门票——平均每天不到20张。A. average平均值；B. total总数；C. majority大多数；D. maximum最大值。根据前文的“In the first half of this year, only 2,300 tickets were sold”可知，根据总销量计算出的每日平均值，每天售出不到20张门票。故选A项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在许多日子里，这个景区感觉像一座鬼城，主广场和商店都空无一人。A. modern现代的；B. historic有历史意义的；C. ghost幽灵，鬼魂；D. accessible易接近的，可到达的。根据后文“with its main square and stores empty”可知，这个景区空无一人，很荒凉，好似鬼城。故选C项。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：该公司不明智地对该项目做出了巨大承诺，耗资超过22亿元。A. considerately体贴地；B. unwisely不明智地；C. suddenly突然地；D. fortunately幸运地。根据前文“The project has reportedly lost over 500 million yuan since it opened in 2021. ”以及后文“However, the ____ of its completion in 2021 couldn’t have been worse.”可知，该项目损失巨大，完工时机正值疫情，说明这个巨额投资决策是不明智的。故选B项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，其在2021年完工的时机再糟糕不过了。A. location位置；B. design设计；C. timing时机；D. cost成本。根据后文的“The scenic spot began trial operations on June 21, 2021. Occasional pandemic controls for the next 18 months greatly impacted its ability to ____ visitors.”可知，完工时机正值疫情，极为不利。故选C项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随后的18个月里，断断续续的疫情管控极大地影响了其吸引游客的能力。A. attract吸引；B. fancy喜爱，想象；C. ban禁止；D. blame责备。根据后文“Its ____ combination of faux-historic (仿古的) and modern buildings failed to attract tourists.”以及景区的功能可知，景区需要具备吸引游客的能力。故选A项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：专家们也指出，大庸古镇本身就是一个非常成问题的项目。A. successful成功的；B. simple简单的；C. problematic有问题的；D. mysterious神秘的。根据后文“Its ____ combination of faux-historic (仿古的) and modern buildings failed to attract tourists. ____ , its location, just three kilometers from the city’s railway station, wasn’t much of an advantage in practice. ”可知，大庸古城建筑组合尴尬、位置优势不足等，说明项目本身存在严重问题。故选C项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其仿古与现代建筑的尴尬结合未能吸引游客。A. awkward笨拙的，尴尬的；B. smooth平滑的，顺利的；C. traditional传统的；D. creative有创造力的。根据前文提及景区经营不景气以及上文的“Experts have also noted that Dayong Town was itself a deeply ____ project.”以及“failed to attract tourists”可知，仿古与现代建筑的混合未能吸引游客，说明结合方式尴尬的。故选A项。 11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，其距离本市火车站仅三公里的位置，在实践中也算不上什么优势。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. Moreover而且，此外。根据前文“Experts have also noted that Dayong Town was itself a deeply ____ project.”可知，大庸古城是一个非常成问题的项目。此处补充说明位置优势不足，表示递进关系。故选D项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该市最受欢迎的旅游景点是武陵源风景区。A. popular受欢迎的；B. energetic精力充沛的；C. disappointing令人失望的；D. original原始的，独创的。根据前文的“The local travel industry focuses on ____ tourists to its jagged (嶙峋的) peaks. ”可知，武陵源才是当地最受欢迎的景点。故选A项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当地的旅游业专注于将游客运送至其嶙峋的山峰。A. memorizing记忆；B. transporting运输；C. reserving预订；D. reflecting反映，反思。根据前文“This mountain range is located around 60 kilometers from the city center. ”可知，武陵源风景区距离市中心较远，因此旅游业要将游客运送至景区。故选B项。 14．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：张家界市中级人民法院已裁定，大庸古城开发有限公司将经历重组过程。A. bring up提出，养育；B. belong to属于；C. break out爆发；D. go through经历，通过。根据前文“The businesses inside Dayong Town have refused to pay their rent. ”可知，说明公司已陷入经营困境，法院裁定后公司需经历重组程序。故选D项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它的失败凸显出对更周全、更高效的旅游模式的需求。A. facility设施；B. foundation基础，基金会；C. failure失败；D. preservation保护，保存。根据前文“Dayong Town now stands as a symbol of waste and excess.”可知，大庸古镇被定性为浪费与过度的象征，说明大庸古城项目是失败的，此处总结大庸古镇的失败教训，强调需更合理的旅游模式。故选C项。 B （25-26高一上·上海·开学考试）In the UK, travel is an enriching life experience, because it is not simply a pursuit of 1 but also “character-building”. Most of the people I know here at university 2 the desire to travel and escape the stress surrounding us. But I don’t think, as UK students, we can blame our addiction to international travel simply on a stressful life. Yes, I have a lot to handle and it’s a fine 3 act managing my part-time job, my degree and my social life to a perfect level. In a truly open world, we can get anywhere, see anything and experience every culture under the sun, at the click of a button, the purchase of a ticket. Many people I met while working in China were surprised at the number of countries I’d travelled to. Compared to friends and family I consider myself vastly 4 . I’ve never set foot across the pond in the US and Canada, let alone South America and even within Europe my checklist of destinations is far from 5 . I was also met by surprise at how little travelling I had done within my own borders. This was something I had not really considered before. How much of my own country had I really seen and experienced? To those from a place as vast and 6 as China, Britain was really so small in comparison, and so to have spent 20 years there and not seen every part of it was quite surprising. I had a conversation with a Chinese colleague over the reasoning behind our use of golden Cotswold 7 which sounds dull for most people. As a student of history, I found anything historical fascinating. However it was not the stone within British cities I found interesting. What was 8 was that it was something I had never even considered, and yet here was someone crazy about something I had 9 taken for granted. We continued our discussion, yet I was left 10 that I could not answer her question. In China, as well as a wealth of new culture that fascinated me, I discovered that there were parts of the UK’s culture, history, the very structure of my identity that were so different, so unique from China that I also 11 a newly found interest in my own heritage. In this respect, travelling enables you with two things. Firstly you develop a(n) 12 with new cultures, understanding customs, experiencing cuisines and 13 the sights and smells of every new city. For many employers this 14 to new locations is seen as amazing in your personal resume. But besides increased 15 , through international, cross-cultural conversations, you develop an interest in your own history, culture, and customs. 1．A．leisure B．wealth C．youth D．master 2．A．reflect B．press C．overcome D．experience 3．A．balancing B．tempting C．judging D．travelling 4．A．over-travelled B．under-exchanged C．under-travelled D．over-exchanged 5．A．official B．relevant C．complete D．accurate 6．A．confusing B．varied C．alien D．amazed 7．A．key B．stone C．history D．luxury 8．A．observant B．strange C．pleasant D．curious 9．A．simply B．hardly C．literally D．generally 10．A．shocked B．disappointed C．puzzled D．convinced 11．A．ignored B．changed C．gained D．denied 12．A．observation B．solution C．fascination D．determination 13．A．resisting B．employing C．adjusting D．absorbing 14．A．discovery B．preference C．understanding D．adaptability 15．A．leisure B．employability C．fascination D．capability 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．C 6．B 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．C 11．C 12．C 13．D 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要论述在英国旅行的意义，不仅是追求休闲和体验新文化，还能让人关注自身文化遗产。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在英国，旅行是一种丰富的人生经历，因为它不仅仅是对休闲的追求，更是“性格塑造”。A. leisure休闲；B. wealth财富；C. youth青春；D. master主人。根据后文“but also “character-building””可知，旅行不仅是追求休闲，还有更重要的意义。故选A项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在大学里，我认识的大多数人都有旅行的渴望，想逃离我们周围的压力。A. reflect反映；B. press按压；C. overcome克服；D. experience经历，有（某种感觉或想法）。根据后文的“the desire to travel”可知，此处指人们有旅行的渴望，“experience the desire”表示“有……的渴望”，符合语境。故选D项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：是的，我有很多事情要处理，把兼职工作、学位和社交生活做到完美平衡，是一件很难的事。A. balancing平衡；B. tempting诱惑；C. judging判断；D. travelling旅行。根据后文的“managing my part-time job, my degree and my social life to a perfect level”可知，作者要在兼职工作、学位和社交生活之间取得完美平衡。故选A项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与朋友和家人相比，我认为自己旅行得太少了。A. over-travelled旅行过多的；B. under-exchanged交流不足的；C. under-travelled旅行过少的；D. over-exchanged交流过多的。根据后文“I’ve never set foot across the pond in the US and Canada”可知，作者认为与朋友和家人相比，自己旅行得太少了。故选C项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我从未踏足过美国和加拿大，更不用说南美洲了，即使在欧洲内部，我的目的地清单也远未完成。A. official官方的；B. relevant相关的；C. complete完整的，完成的；D. accurate准确的。根据前文“I’ve never set foot across the pond in the US and Canada, let alone South America and even within Europe my checklist of destinations is far from”可知，作者还有很多地方没有去，甚至在自己所处的欧洲，目的地清单也未完成，即还有很多地方没有去。故选C项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于那些来自像中国这样幅员辽阔、多样化的地方的人来说，英国相比之下真的很小，所以在那里生活了20年却没有见过它的每一个地方，这相当令人惊讶。A. confusing令人困惑的；B. varied多样化的；C. alien陌生的；D. amazed惊讶的。根据前文“as vast”以及后文的“as China”可知，中国幅员辽阔且多样化。故选B项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我和一位中国同事讨论过我们使用科茨沃尔德金色石头的原因，这对大多数人来说听起来很无聊。A. key钥匙；B. stone石头；C. history历史；D. luxury奢侈品。根据后文“However it was not the stone within British cities I found interesting”可知，此处讨论的是“石头”符合语境。故选B项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：令人感到好奇的是，这是我从未考虑过的事情，但在这里，有人却对我习以为常的东西着迷。A. observant善于观察的；B. strange奇怪的；C. pleasant愉快的；D. curious引人好奇的，奇特的。根据后文“it was something I had never even considered, and yet here was someone crazy about something”再根据语境可推知，作者因中国同事对本国寻常石头的着迷，而对自己从未深思的事物产生了新的好奇与反思，这种由文化差异引发的启发式感受用curious最为准确。故选D项。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人感到好奇的是，这是我从未考虑过的事情，但在这里，有人却对我习以为常的东西着迷。A. simply仅仅，只不过；B. hardly几乎不；C. literally确实地；D. generally通常。根据语境和后文的“take for granted”表示“认为……理所当然”可知，作者对金色石头未加关注，只是把它当作平常事物，simply修饰该短语，符合语境。故选A项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们继续讨论，但我却因无法回答她的问题而感到困惑。A. shocked震惊的；B. disappointed失望的；C. puzzled困惑的；D. convinced确信的。根据后文的“that I could not answer her question”可知，无法回答问题应是感到困惑。故选C项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在中国，除了那些让我着迷的丰富新文化之外，我发现英国文化、历史的某些方面，以及我的身份结构，都与中国如此不同，如此独特，以至于我也对自己的文化遗产增添了新的兴趣。A. ignored忽视；B. changed改变；C. gained获得，增添；D. denied否认。根据语境和后文的“a newly found interest”可知，作者之前未关注本国文化，现在“增添”了新兴趣，符合语境。故选C项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：首先，你会对新文化产生浓厚兴趣，了解当地习俗，体验美食，感受每个新城市的景象和气息。A. observation观察；B. solution解决办法；C. fascination迷恋，兴趣；D. determination决心。根据后文“understanding customs, experiencing cuisines”可知，此处指的是对新文化产生兴趣。故选C项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，你会对新文化产生浓厚兴趣，了解当地习俗，体验美食，感受每个新城市的景象和气息。A. resisting抵抗；B. employing雇佣；C. adjusting调整；D. absorbing吸收，感受。根据前文的“Firstly you develop a(n) ___12___ with new cultures, understanding customs, experiencing cuisines”可知，旅行到新的环境中首先会对新文化产生兴趣，也会吸收每个新城市的景象和气味。故选D项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于许多雇主来说，这种对新环境的适应能力在你的个人简历中是很出色的。A. discovery发现；B. preference偏爱；C. understanding理解；D. adaptability适应能力。根据前文“Firstly you develop a(n) ___12___ with new cultures, understanding customs, experiencing cuisines and ___13___ the sights and smells of every new city.”及求职语境可知，旅行能让人对新文化产生兴趣，了解习俗，体验美食，吸收每个新城市的景象和气味，这说明旅行能增强人的适应能力，这也是公司看重的能力。故选D项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但除了提高就业能力之外，通过国际性的、跨文化的交流，你还会对自己的历史、文化和习俗产生兴趣。A. leisure休闲；B. employability就业能力；C. fascination迷恋；D. capability能力。根据前文“For many employers this ___14___ to new locations is seen as amazing in your personal resume.”可知，适应能力在个人简历中被视为巨大优势，说明旅行能提高就业能力。故选B项。 C （24-25高一下·上海·期末）Since the start of the industrial revolution, there have been threats that new machines — from mechanised looms to microchips — would usurp (侵占) human jobs. For the most part, the humans have prevailed (获胜，盛行). Now, say some experts, with AI ubiquity on the horizon, the 1 is being realised: the robots really are coming for some jobs. A March 2023 report from Goldman Sachs estimated that AI capable of content generation could do a quarter of all the work 2 done by humans. Across the European Union and US, the report further notes, 300 million jobs could be lost to 3 . And that could be dire, says Martin Ford, author of Rule of the Robots: How Artificial Intelligence Will Transform Everything. “It's not just that this would happen to 4 , but it could be pretty systemic,” he says. “It could happen to a lot of people, potentially quite suddenly, potentially all at the same time. And that has 5 not just for those individuals, but for the whole economy.” Thankfully, it’s not all bad news. The experts 6 their warnings with a caveat: there are still things AI isn’t capable of — tasks that involve 7 human qualities, like emotional intelligence and outside-the-box thinking. And moving into roles that center those skills could help 8 the chances of being replaced. “I think there are generally three 9 that are going to be relatively insulated (绝缘的，隔热的) in the foreseeable future,” says Ford. “The first would be jobs that are genuinely 10 : you’re not doing formulaic work or just rearranging things, but you're genuinely coming up with new ideas and building something new.” The second safe zone, he continues, is jobs that require 11 interpersonal relationships. He points to nurses, business consultants and investigative journalists. These are jobs, he says, “where you need a very deep 12 of people. I think it’ll be a long time before AI has the ability to interact in the kinds of ways that really build relationships”. The third safe zone, says Ford, “are jobs that really require lots of mobility and dexterity and problem-solving ability in 13 environments”. Many trade jobs – think electricians, plumbers, welders and the like – fall under this umbrella. “These are the kinds of jobs where you're dealing with a new situation all the time,” he adds. “They are probably the hardest of anything to automate. In order to automate jobs like this, you would need a science fiction robot. You’d need Star Wars’s C-3PO.” While humans will likely remain in jobs that fall within those categories, that doesn’t mean those professions are totally insulated from the ascent of AI. In fact, says Joanne Song McLaughlin, associate professor of labor economics at the University of Buffalo, US, most jobs, regardless of 14 , have aspects that are likely to be automated by the 15 . In short, seeking roles in dynamic, shifting environments that include unpredictable tasks is good way to stave off (挡开，避开 ) job loss to AI. At least, for a while. 1．A．issue B．threat C．ambition D．target 2．A．temporarily B．potentially C．currently D．probably 3．A．automation B．revolution C．imagination D．information 4．A．individuals B．white collars C．manual workers D．designers 5．A．benefits B．comments C．fascinations D．implications 6．A．receive B．propose C．issue D．cancel 7．A．indifferently B．distinctly C．deliberately D．collaboratively 8．A．increase B．lessen C．seize D．treasure 9．A．contents B．preferences C．factors D．categories 10．A．traditional B．physical C．creative D．mental 11．A．distant B．foreseeable C．simple D．sophisticated 12．A．administration B．development C．understanding D．misinterpretation 13．A．unpredictable B．dangerous C．controllable D．noisy 14．A．position B．occupation C．income D．industry 15．A．engineer B．technology C．potential D．tendency 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．D 6．C 7．B 8．B 9．D 10．C 11．D 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了随着人工智能的发展，其对人类就业的威胁以及人类仍具有优势的工作领域，强调在动态、多变环境且包含不可预测任务的工作更能避免被人工智能取代。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，一些专家表示，随着人工智能即将无处不在，这种威胁正在成为现实：机器人真的要来抢夺一些工作岗位了。A. issue问题；B. threat威胁；C. ambition抱负；D. target目标。根据上文“there have been threats that new machines — from mechanised looms to microchips — would usurp (侵占) human jobs”可知，此处指新机器抢夺人类工作岗位的威胁正在成为现实。故选B项。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：高盛2023年3月的一份报告估计，能够生成内容的人工智能可以完成目前由人类完成的所有工作的四分之一。A. temporarily暂时地；B. potentially潜在地；C. currently目前；D. probably可能。根据语境和下文“done by humans.”可知，此处是说人工智能能完成目前人类所做工作的四分之一，currently符合语义。故选C项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该报告进一步指出，在欧盟和美国，3亿个工作岗位可能会因自动化而消失。A. automation自动化；B. revolution革命；C. imagination想象；D. information信息。根据上文“AI capable of content generation could do a quarter of all the work...done by humans.”可知，提到人工智能对人类工作的威胁，这里指工作岗位因自动化（人工智能属于自动化范畴）而消失。故选A项。 4．考查名词词义和短语辨析。句意：《机器人规则：人工智能将如何改变一切》一书的作者马丁·福特说，这不仅仅会发生在个人身上，而且可能是系统性的。A. individuals个人；B. white collars白领；C. manual workers体力劳动者；D. designers设计师。根据下文“but it could be pretty systemic”以及“it could happen to a lot of people”以及“those individuals”可知，这里强调不只是个人会受影响，而是很多人，具有系统性。故选A项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这不仅对那些个人，而且对整个经济都有影响。A. benefits益处；B. comments评论；C. fascinations魅力；D. implications影响。上文“the report further notes, 300 million jobs could be lost”提到大量工作岗位可能消失，可知这对个人和经济都会产生影响。故选D项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：专家们在发出警告的同时也提出了一项告诫：仍然有一些事情是人工智能无法做到的——那些涉及独特人类品质的任务，比如情商和创造性思维。A. receive收到；B. propose提议；C. issue发布，发出；D. cancel取消。根据下文“their warnings”可知，是专家发出警告，issue符合语境。故选C项。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：专家们在发出警告的同时也提出了一项告诫：仍然有一些事情是人工智能无法做到的——那些涉及独特人类品质的任务，比如情商和创造性思维。A. indifferently冷漠地；B. distinctly独特地；C. deliberately故意地；D. collaboratively合作地。根据下文“human qualities, like emotional intelligence and outside-the-box thinking”可知，情商和创造性思维是人类独特的品质。故选B项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：转向以这些技能为核心的工作岗位有助于降低被取代的可能性。A. increase增加；B. lessen减少；C. seize抓住；D. treasure珍视。根据上文“AI isn’t capable of — tasks that involve... human qualities”可知，提到人工智能无法完成涉及独特人类品质的任务，所以从事这类工作能减少被取代几率。故选B项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：福特说：“我认为在可预见的未来，一般来说有三个类别相对不受影响。”A. contents内容；B. preferences偏好；C. factors因素；D. categories类别。根据下文提到的“The first...The second...The third...”可知，这里指三个工作类别。故选D项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首先是真正具有创造性的工作：你不是在做公式化的工作，或者只是重新整理一些东西，而是真正提出新的想法并构建新的东西。A. traditional传统的；B. physical体力的；C. creative创造性的；D. mental脑力的。根据“you're genuinely coming up with new ideas and building something new”可知，此处指具有创造性的工作。故选C项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他接着说，第二个安全区是需要复杂人际关系的工作。A. distant遥远的；B. foreseeable可预见的；C. simple简单的；D. sophisticated复杂的。根据下文“where you need a very deep ....of people. I think it’ll be a long time before AI has the ability to interact in the kinds of ways that really build relationships”可知，这些工作需要深入了解人，建立关系，所以是复杂的人际关系。故选D项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说，这些工作“需要对人有非常深入的理解。我认为，人工智能要具备以真正建立关系的方式进行互动的能力，还需要很长时间”。A. administration管理；B. development发展；C. understanding理解；D. misinterpretation误解。上文“require..interpersonal relationships.”提到需要复杂人际关系的工作，可知这里指深入理解人。故选C项。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：福特说，第三个安全区“是那些在不可预测的环境中真正需要大量移动性、灵活性和解决问题能力的工作”。A. unpredictable不可预测的；B. dangerous危险的；C. controllable可控制的；D. noisy嘈杂的。根据下文“These are the kinds of jobs where you're dealing with a new situation all the time”可知，总是面对新情况，所以是不可预测的环境。故选A项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，美国布法罗大学劳动经济学副教授乔安妮·宋·麦克劳克林说，大多数工作，无论所属行业，都有可能被这项技术自动化的方面。A. position职位；B. occupation职业；C. income收入；D. industry行业。根据上文“in jobs”可知，这里强调无论什么行业的工作都可能有部分被自动化，故选D项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，美国布法罗大学劳动经济学副教授乔安妮·宋·麦克劳克林说，大多数工作，无论所属行业，都有可能被这项技术自动化的方面。A. engineer工程师；B. technology技术；C. potential潜力；D. tendency趋势。根据上文提到人工智能对工作的影响，并结合上文“are likely to be automated”可知，这里指被人工智能这项技术自动化。故选B项。 四、选词填空 A （24-25高一下·上海·期末）Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．beaten   B．appeal   C． intersection   D．avoiding   E. difference   F. seeking G. undiscovered   H. conscious   I. destination   J. trustworthy   K. undermarketed Undertourism Overtourism has made travel headlines for a couple of years, pushing sustainable travelers to do their part by traveling in the off-season, shopping local, or 1 cities burdened with too many tourists. ·However, there is a growing trend on the opposite side of the coin: undertourism, the phenomenon of inadequate levels of tourism. While some cities cope with overcrowded streets, others are actively 2 tourists. Increasingly, destinations take advantage of undertourism as a benefit — like Norway’s 2017 declaration to “rescue tired travelers from overcrowded European cities by flying them to Oslo.” The bright side of undertourism? Being a mindful, 3 traveler is important no matter where you go. It’s a chance for travelers to plot paths where their money makes a real 4 . Travelers looking for genuine experiences could do better for themselves — and their destinations — by heading off the 5 track. Here are two “undertourist-ed” destinations recommended by travel writers:Flores and Sumba in Indonesia Traveller writer Kylie McLaughlin admitted Indonesia’s need for tourists is shocking considering how popular Bali (巴厘岛-印尼的岛屿) is among vacationers. But Bali is only one island. And Indonesia’s archipelago (群岛) has a population of 260million across islands still 6 by tourists. Fellow travel writer Ilona Biro said Flores and Sumba have similar 109 Western Mongolia Writer Aubrey Menarndt says traveling to 7 destinations makes her journeys feel like she is discovering something new. Hiking in Mongolia’s Bayan-Olgii provided such an adventure. “In the still-deep snow of late May, my friend and I climbed a peak to view the 8 of China, Russia, and Mongolia. The only being we encountered on our way was a(n) 9 mountain dog who motivated and kept us company in exchange for snacks,” she said. 【答案】 1．D 2．F 3．H 4．E 5．A 6．G 7．B 8．K 9．C 10．J 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕“旅游不足”这一现象展开，将其与“旅游过度”进行对比，介绍了旅游不足现象及其带来的影响，并推荐了相关旅游目的地。 1．考查动名词。句意：几年来，过度旅游一直是旅游领域的头条新闻，促使可持续的旅行者在淡季旅行，在当地购物，或者避开游客太多的城市，以此来尽自己的一份力量。与“traveling in the off-season, shopping local”并列，表达“避开”游客过多的城市，应用动名词形式。故选D。 2．考查现在分词。句意：当一些城市应对拥挤的街道时，另一些城市正在积极吸引游客。“are actively ______ tourists”需现在分词，意为“积极吸引游客”，与前半句“过度拥挤”形成对比，“seeking”表示“寻求、吸引”。故选F。 3．考查形容词。 句意：无论你去哪里，做一个有意识的旅行者都很重要。修饰“traveler”，“mindful, conscious”强调“有意识的、细心的”，符合“负责任旅行”的语境。故选H。 4．考查名词。 句意：对于旅行者来说，这是一个机会，他们可以规划出自己的钱能真正发挥作用的路线。固定搭配“make a real difference”，表示“产生真正的影响”，指游客的消费能切实帮助目的地。故选E。 5．考查固定短语。 句意：寻求真正体验的旅行者如果不走寻常路，对自己和目的地都有好处。固定短语beaten track意为“常规的路，老路”，符合句意，故选A。 6．考查过去分词。 句意：印度尼西亚的群岛有2.6亿人口，其中一些岛屿尚未被游客发现。设空处修饰名词作定语，“islands still undiscovered by tourists”表示“仍未被游客发现的岛屿”，强调未被开发状态，应用过去分词。故选G。 7．考查名词。 句意：旅行作家伊洛娜·比罗说，弗洛雷斯和松巴岛也有类似的吸引力。“similar appeal”指“类似的吸引力”，说明Flores和Sumba与巴厘岛一样有旅游价值，但未被过度关注。故选B。 8．考查形容词。 句意：作家奥布里·梅纳恩特说，去市场不太发达的目的地旅行让她觉得自己在发现一些新东西。修饰“destinations”，“undermarketed”表示“营销不足的”，符合“旅游不足”中目的地未被充分推广的特点。故选K。 9．考查名词。 句意：五月末，我和朋友在厚厚的积雪中爬上了一座山峰，想看看中国、俄罗斯和蒙古的交界处。“the intersection of China, Russia, and Mongolia”指“中、俄、蒙三国交界处”，符合句意，故选C。 10．考查形容词。 句意：我们在路上唯一遇到的是一只值得信赖的山地狗，它激励着我们，陪伴着我们，以换取零食。修饰“mountain dog”，“trustworthy”意为“值得信赖的”，与后文 “陪伴并激励游客”的描述一致。故选J。 B （24-25高一下·上海浦东新·期中）Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．blanket  B．craftsmanship  C． delicately  D．integrating  E. medium F. mirrors  G. nestled  H. sheltering  I. snaking  J. spark  K. typically Enshi, a beautiful city in Hubei Province, is renowned for its stunning natural scenery and rich cultural heritage. Enshi is blessed with a pleasant climate throughout the year, 1 in the mountains. Lush forests 2 the area, and the air is refreshing establishing it as a natural oxygen bar. The famous Qingjiang River winds through the city, 3 like a blue ribbon. Along the river, there are countless peculiarly-shaped peaks and magnificent gorges, such as the Qingjiang Gallery, which attracts numerous tourists with its breathtaking views. Enshi serves as a homeland for diverse ethnic minorities, with the Tujia and Miao ethnic groups being the most prominent. The Tujia people have a long-standing history and a rich tapestry of traditions. Their distinctive dance, the “Hand-waving Dance”, is full of vitality and 4 their enthusiasm for life. Their architectural style, represented by the stilt-houses, known as “Diaojiaolou”, is not only practical but also aesthetically pleasing, 5 harmoniously with the natural environment. These houses are 6 built on slopes or near water. Supported by wooden stilts, the lower part of the house is left open, which can be used for storing tools or 7 livestock, while the upper part provides living quarters. The exteriors are adorned with delicate carvings of flowers, birds, and mythical creatures, showcasing the Tujia people’s superb 8 . The Miao ethnic group in Enshi also has its own unique charm. Their traditional festivals, such as the Sisters’ Meal Festival, are full of joy and festivity. During this festival, young Miao girls prepare colorful “sisters’ meals”, which are not only delicious but also carry symbolic meanings. Boys and girls use these meals as a(n) 9 to express their affection for each other. The Miao people are also well-known for their intricate silver jewelry. Necklaces, bracelets, earrings and 10 designed silver headdresses, are not only decorative but also hold cultural significance, representing wealth, status, and protection in Miao society. With its beautiful scenery, rich culture, and delicious food, Enshi is truly a shining gem in western Hubei, eagerly awaiting more people to discover and explore. 【答案】 1．G 2．A 3．I 4．F 5．D 6．K 7．H 8．B 9．E 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了湖北城市恩施。 1．考查过去分词。句意：恩施全年气候宜人，坐落在群山之中。文章开篇描述恩施是一座美丽的城市且气候宜人，后面提到“in the mountains”，结合语境可知这里要表达恩施处于群山环抱之中的状态。nestled是nestle(使坐落于)的过去分词形式，作后置定语修饰Enshi，“nestled in the mountains”形象地描绘出恩施“坐落在群山之中”的情景。故选项G。 2．考查动词。句意：茂密的森林覆盖着这个地区，空气清新，使其成为一个天然的氧吧。前文提到恩施气候宜人，这里描述其周边环境，“Lush forests”与后面说的“the air is refreshing establishing it as a natural oxygen bar”存在关联，茂密的森林覆盖整个区域，使得空气清新，形成天然氧吧。动词blanket有“覆盖”的意思，作谓语，符合森林对该地区的作用描述。故选项A。 3．考查现在分词。句意：著名的清江蜿蜒穿过城市，像一条蓝色的丝带。前面提到“the famous Qingjiang River winds through the city”，强调清江蜿蜒穿过城市，而“like a blue ribbon”进一步形象地说明清江的形态。snaking是snake(蜿蜒前行)的现在分词形式，作伴随状语，生动地描绘出清江像丝带一样蜿蜒的状态。故选项I。 4．考查动词。句意：他们独特的舞蹈“摆手舞”充满活力，反映了他们对生活的热情。前文介绍土家族的“Hand waving Dance”充满活力，舞蹈是人们情感和生活态度的一种表达形式，那么这种舞蹈应该是反映了土家族人对生活的热情。mirrors作动词时有“反映”的意思，符合舞蹈与土家族人生活热情之间的逻辑关系。故选项F。 5．考查现在分词。句意：他们的建筑风格以“吊脚楼”为代表，不仅实用而且美观，与自然环境和谐地融为一体。前面描述土家族的“Diaojiaolou”(吊脚楼)不仅实用而且美观，接着提到与自然环境的关系，这种建筑风格应该是与自然环境相互融合的。integrating是integrate(使融合)的现在分词形式，作伴随状语，体现出吊脚楼与自然环境和谐融合的状态。故选项D。 6．考查副词。句意：这些房子通常建在山坡上或水边。文章在介绍吊脚楼的建造位置时，需要一个词来表明这种建造位置的常见性。typically是副词，意为“通常”，能准确说明吊脚楼建在山坡上或水边这一普遍情况。故选项K。 7．考查动词。句意：在木桩的支撑下，房屋的下部是开放的，可以用来存放工具或庇护牲畜，而上部则提供生活区。前面提到吊脚楼下部敞开，“used for storing tools”说明其用途之一是存放工具，后面用“or”连接，推测也是说其用途，结合“livestock”(牲畜)可知，这里是说可以用来圈养牲畜。sheltering有“庇护、保护”的意思，符合语境。故选项H。 8．考查名词。句意：外部装饰着精美的花卉、鸟类和神话生物雕刻，展示了土家族人高超的技艺。前文描述吊脚楼的外部装饰着精美的花卉、鸟类和神话生物雕刻，这些精美的雕刻体现了建造者的技艺水平。craftsmanship是名词，意为“技艺”，能够准确概括这些雕刻所展示出的土家族人的高超技艺。故选项B。 9．考查名词。句意：男孩和女孩用这些食物作为表达他们对彼此感情的媒介。男孩和女孩用这些饭作为一种媒介来表达彼此的感情。前面提到苗族的“ Sisters’ Meal Festival”(姊妹饭节)，年轻女孩准备“sisters’ meals”，后面说男孩和女孩通过这些饭来表达彼此的感情，说明这些饭起到了一种传递情感的媒介作用。medium作名词有“媒介”的意思，符合语境。故选项E。 10．考查副词。句意：项链、手镯、耳环和精心设计的银头饰，不仅具有装饰性，而且具有文化意义，在苗族社会中代表着财富、地位和保护。前文提到苗族以其精美的银饰闻名，“Necklaces, bracelets, earrings”以及银头饰都是苗族银饰的代表，描述银头饰时，需要一个词来强调其设计的精细程度。delicately是副词，意为“精致地，精心地”，能很好地修饰“designed”，体现出银头饰设计的精美。故选项C。 C （24-25高一下·上海·期末）Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．follows   B．proudly   C． evolution   D．display   E. completely   F. winds G. considerable   H. weight   I. memorable   J. expedition   K. historically Route 66: The Mother Road There’s a piece of the road in the museum. I stare at the little bits of broken stone, forever frozen in the flattened pavement and wonder, how many cars passed over this spot? How many Midwestern thunderstorms rained down into those small holes, and how many people’s 1 helped settle, then polish, then crack and break this special bit of Route 66? The 2 at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History is big and lively. No other American highway has a place in the Smithsonian. Just how is it that Route 66 became more 3 than larger and longer interstate highways? Because this is the Mother Road— a road that 4 in the footsteps of Native Americans who once followed the buffalo (野牛); a road that 5 over the wagon ruts (马车车辙) of pioneers and breathes the lonely horse trails of cowboys. Route 66 represents the 6 of America from fresh wilderness to a nation of states. Route 66 is America’s history, spelled out in 2,488 miles. As stories go, Route 66 has been done to death — already. People ask how my trip will be new or different — how will I stand out from the millions who have traveled the iconic Route? What matters to me is that this trip is 7 new — to me. While I have driven 8 sections of Route 66 in the past, I have never traveled its entire lengths, from beginning to end. Like every great 9 this road trip will bring plenty of adventure and no lack of stories. In a way, we are traveling back in time, while following the sun westward, to the future. I expect this trip to be fun and educational, and at times, beautiful — and I imagine that somewhere west of Oklahoma City, I will encounter a square-shaped pothole (坑洼) and think of that part of asphalt (沥青) that sits 10 in the Smithsonian, a piece of highway with its very own spotlight. 【答案】 1．H 2．D 3．I 4．A 5．F 6．C 7．E 8．G 9．J 10．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。66号公路在史密森尼博物馆有展品，它见证美国发展，作者将开启全程之旅，期待遇见与博物馆展品呼应的坑洼。 1．考查名词。句意：有多少场来自中西部的雷暴雨落入了这些小坑中？又有多少人的重量共同作用，使得这条特殊的 66 号公路路段得以稳固、打磨、开裂乃至最终崩塌？根据“helped settle, then polish, then crack and break this special bit of Route 66”以及句意“重量”可知应用名词weight，作主语，故选H。 2．考查名词。句意：史密森尼国家美国历史博物馆的这个展览规模宏大且充满活力。根据“at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History”以及句意“展览”可知应用名词display，作主语。故选D。 3．考查形容词。句意：那么，究竟是什么原因使得 66 号公路比那些规模更大、长度更长的州际公路更具“记忆点”呢？根据“than larger and longer interstate highways”以及句意“令人难忘”可知应用形容词memorable，作表语。故选I。 4．考查动词。句意：因为这就是“母亲之路”——这条道路沿着印第安人的足迹延伸而来，他们曾追随野牛迁徙；这条道路蜿蜒穿过先驱者的马车车辙，也饱含着牛仔们孤独的马蹄足迹。根据“in the footsteps of Native Americans who once followed the buffalo”以及句意“沿着”可知应用动词follow，作谓语，根据上文is可知为一般现在时，与先行词road保持一致，用三单形式。故选A。 5．考查动词。句意：因为这就是“母亲之路”——这条道路沿着印第安人的足迹延伸而来，他们曾追随野牛迁徙；这条道路蜿蜒穿过先驱者的马车车辙，也饱含着牛仔们孤独的马蹄足迹。根据“蜿蜒穿过”以及句意“over the wagon ruts of pioneers and breathes the lonely horse trails of cowboys”可知应用动词wind，作谓语，根据上文is可知为一般现在时，与先行词road保持一致，用三单形式。故选F。 6．考查名词。句意：66 号公路见证了美国从一片原始荒野到成为一个由多个州组成的国家的演变历程。根据“of America from fresh wilderness to a nation of states”以及句意“演变”可知应用名词evolution，作宾语，故选C。 7．考查副词。句意：对我来说重要的是，这次旅行对我来说是完全全新的体验。根据“What matters to me is that this trip is”以及句意“完全”可知应用副词completely，修饰new。故选E。 8．考查形容词。句意：虽然我过去曾驾驶过 66 号公路的不少路段，但从未完整地走完它的全程，即从起点到终点。根据“I have never traveled its entire lengths, from beginning to end.”以及句意“相当大的”可知应用形容词considerable，修饰名词sections。故选G。 9．考查名词。句意：就像每一次伟大的探险一样，这次公路旅行将会带来诸多惊险刺激的时刻，也会有数不尽的故事流传开来。根据“this road trip will bring plenty of adventure and no lack of stories”以及句意“探险”可知应用名词expedition，作宾语，故选J。 10．考查副词。句意：在俄克拉荷马城，我会遇到一个方形的坑洼，然后想起那块骄傲地陈列在史密森尼博物馆里的沥青——它是一段拥有专属聚光灯的公路。根据“a piece of highway with its very own spotlight”以及句意“骄傲地”可知应用副词proudly，修饰动词sit。故选B。 五、书信写作 A （24-25高一下·上海·期末）Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below. 假设你是光明中学高一学生王琳，学校英文报以“Travellers’ Tales”为主题，面向全校学生征集旅者轶事，请你投稿。稿件内容必须包含： （1）明确的旅行目的地，并简单介绍该地点。 （2）旅行中发生的某件事情，以及为什么这件事情给你留下了深刻的印象。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A Brush with History in Dunhuang       Last summer, I journeyed to Dunhuang, a Gansu city and a vital node on the ancient Silk Road. Famous for the Mogao Caves, it shelters thousands of centuries-old murals and statues, embodying China’s profound cultural heritage.​        In the dimly lit cave, I chanced upon an elderly mural restorer. With a brush so delicate, he was mending a faded section, his eyes fixed intently on the ancient artwork. He shared that restoring these treasures demanded not only knowledge of ancient pigments but also extreme patience. “We’re not just fixing paintings; we’re passing down history,” he said earnestly. His words, along with his unwavering dedication, deeply touched me. This encounter made me understand that Dunhuang isn’t just about scenery—it’s a testament to the perseverance of cultural preservation, teaching me to cherish the stories behind each relic. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以“Travellers’ Tales”为主题，就自己的旅游轶事向学校英文报投稿。其内容包括：致歉缘由、致歉理由和补救措施。 【详解】1.词汇积累 重要的：vital→important 著名的：famous →renowned 修补：repair→mend 认真地：earnestly→in earnest 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句： Last summer, I journeyed to Dunhuang, a Gansu city and a vital node on the ancient Silk Road. 拓展句： Last summer, I journeyed to Dunhuang, which is a Gansu city and was a vital node on the ancient Silk Road. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 Famous for the Mogao Caves, it shelters thousands of centuries-old murals and statues, embodying China’s profound cultural heritage.（运用了形容词短语和现在分词短语作状语） 【高分句型2】With a brush so delicate, he was mending a faded section, his eyes fixed intently on the ancient artwork. （运用了独立主格结构） B （24-25高一上·上海松江·期中）Directions: Write an English composition in at least 120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是李华，你的外国朋友Mike想假期外出旅游，请你给他回复一封邮件，推荐一座我国历史文化名城，内容包括：1. 推荐的城市；2. 城市特色；3. 表达祝愿。 注意：开头和结尾已给出，计入总词数。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Mike, I’m delighted to hear that you’re planning to travel during the holiday. I’d like to recommend Xi’an to you because it is a famous historic and cultural city in China. Xi’an was once the capital of thirteen ancient dynasties in China. The most famous attraction is the Terracotta Army, which is a collection of thousands of terracotta figures discovered near the tomb of the first Qin Emperor. The ancient city walls of Xi’an are also well worth visiting. These walls, dating back to the Ming Dynasty, encircle the old city and offer a great way to explore on a bike. In addition to its rich history, Xi’an is also famous for its delicious food, such as a popular meat burger named roujiamo, which is praised by tourists at home and aboard. Last but not least, local people in Xi’an are always warm-hearted and friendly and you will feel at home when travelling there. I’m sure you will be interested in Xi’an and I hope you will have a good time and a great experience in Xi’an. Best regards, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份给外国朋友Mike回复邮件，推荐一座中国的历史文化名城。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 高兴的，乐意的：delighted → glad/happy 推荐：recommend → suggest 著名的：famous → well-known 追溯到：date back to → date from 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Xi’an was once the capital of thirteen ancient dynasties in China. 拓展句：Xi’an, which is now a famous city attracting numerous tourists, was once the capital of thirteen ancient dynasties in China. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The most famous attraction is the Terracotta Army, which is a collection of thousands of terracotta figures discovered near the tomb of the first Qin Emperor. (运用了关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句) [高分句型2] These walls, dating back to the Ming Dynasty, encircle the old city and offer a great way to explore on a bike. (运用了现在分词短语作后置定语) 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $