Unit 9 课时 8 Project & Review（分层作业）英语新教材仁爱科普版八年级下册

Unit 9 Forces of Nature 课时8 Project & Review 分层作业 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 词汇 towel n. 毛巾；手巾 coal n. 煤 global adj. 全球的；全世界的 nose n. 鼻子 mouth n. 嘴 terribly adv. 非常；很 several det., pron. 几个；数个 recent adj. 近来的；新近的 seriously adv. 严重地；严肃地 injured adj. 受伤的；有伤的 physically adv. 身体上；肉体上 scared adj. 害怕；恐惧 helpless adj. 无助的 normal adj. 正常的 none pron. 没有一个 短语 in danger 处于危险中 break down 倒塌；损坏 lead to 导致；引起 run out of 用完；耗尽 turn out 结果是；证明是 burn down 烧毁；烧塌 句型 1.Why are forest fires dangerous? 森林火灾为什么危险？ 2.What can we do to protect ourselves in natural disasters? 我们在自然灾害中如何保护自己？ 3.Natural disasters can break down houses and cause deaths. 自然灾害会摧毁房屋、造成死亡。 4.We should try our best to prevent natural disasters. 我们应该尽力预防自然灾害。 5.It is normal to feel scared after a natural disaster. 自然灾害后感到害怕是正常的。 6.Global warming can lead to more serious heatwaves. 全球变暖会导致更严重的热浪。 7.We can protect ourselves with wet towels in a fire. 火灾中我们可以用湿毛巾保护自己。 8.We need to learn how to protect ourselves in disasters. 我们需要学习如何在灾害中保护自己。 一、根据提示补全单词 1.Wipe your hands with a t__________ after washing. 2.Cover your n__________ and mouth with a mask. 3.He was s__________ hurt in the earthquake. 4.Several people were i__________ in the flood. 5.I felt s__________ when I saw the big fire. 6.The __________ /ˈɡləʊbl/warming brings more heatwaves. 7.He felt __________ /ˈhelpləs/after losing his home. 8.It is __________ /ˈnɔːml/to feel scared after a disaster. 9.We need to save __________ (煤) to protect the environment. 10.He was hurt __________ (身体上) in the accident. 二、完成句子 1.森林火灾让许多动物处于危险之中。 Many animals are __________ __________ because of the forest fire. 2.地震摧毁了许多房屋，让人们无家可归。 The earthquake __________ __________ many houses and made people homeless. 3.全球变暖导致了更多严重的自然灾害。 Global warming __________ __________ more serious natural disasters. 4.我们的水用完了，所以没法继续走了。 We __________ __________ __________ water, so we couldn't go on. 5.连词成句：should, we, our, best, try, to, prevent, disasters ___________________________________________________________ 三、句型转换 1.We should try our best to prevent natural disasters.（改为一般疑问句） __________ __________ try our best to prevent natural disasters? 2.The big fire burned down the small village.（改为否定句） The big fire __________ __________ down the small village. 3.The earthquake broke down many houses.（对划线部分提问） __________ __________ the earthquake break down? 4.He was terribly scared when the storm came.（改为同义句） He felt __________ __________ when the storm came. 5.We ran out of our water in the trip.（改为同义句） Our water __________ __________ in the trip. 四、语法选择 Last Friday evening, a terrible storm hit our city. I 1 doing my homework in my room at that time. My parents 2 watching TV in the living room. Suddenly, the lights went out with a loud sound. The wind 3 hard and the rain beat heavily against the windows. We heard loud thunder and saw bright lightning in the dark sky. My little sister was very scared and started 4 . My mother hugged her and told her not to be afraid. My father tried to find a flashlight, but he couldn’t find it anywhere. The storm 5 for about an hour. During that time, we sat together in the dark and talked quietly to calm down. When the storm stopped, the lights came back on. We found that a big tree in front of our house 6 down. The street was covered with broken leaves and small branches. But luckily, no one in our family 7 hurt in this terrible storm. This experience told me that nature’s temper is sometimes very terrible. We should learn to protect ourselves 8 natural disasters. We also need to know some safety knowledge. It can help us keep safe when a storm or earthquake 9 . And it’s also 10 to prepare some emergency things at home, like flashlights and water. 1．A．am B．was C．were 2．A．are B．was C．were 3．A．blow B．blew C．is blowing 4．A．cry B．to cry C．cried 5．A．lasted B．last C．lasts 6．A．fall B．fell C．falls 7．A．is B．was C．were 8．A．from B．to C．for 9．A．happen B．happens C．happened 10．A．important B．unimportant C．interesting 五、阅读理解 It was about two o’clock in the early morning. I was sleeping when the unexpected earthquake started. At first, I felt a little shake. Then I heard a loud noise like thunder (雷声). Soon the real noise came. The earth started to shake. People in the nearby blocks shouted in fear. Some people ran out of the building. I tried my best to run out too, but I could not. Outside, people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks (砖块) were falling down. Then the walls began to come down too! Suddenly, everything disappeared. The community was much quieter than before. And I could not see anything at all. I realized I was trapped (困住). The fear went through my mind, but I told myself to stay calm since I was still alive. I shouted for help, but no one answered. I started to pull myself slowly through the dark. Luckily, there was just enough space for me to move. Several hours later, as I was trying to find my way out, I made a discovery. I found a stone and I used it to make some noises to find help. Then I heard shouts from excited people. They quickly moved away the bricks. At last, I saw the bright light. I was saved. 1．What was the writer doing when the earthquake happened? A．Eating. B．Sleeping. C．Playing. D．Swimming. 2．Why did the writer think he was lucky when he was trapped? A．Because he had enough space to move. B．Because he had some food to eat. C．Because he could see light around him. D．Because he was not hurt at all. 3．What does the underlined word “calm” mean? A．Cool. B．Interested. C．Bored. D．Excited. 4．How did the writer let other people know where he was? A．By shouting aloud. B．By moving around. C．By moving a red flag. D．By knocking with a stone. 六、任务型阅读 Natural disasters bring huge losses to human lives. Here are key features of five major types. 1.________ It’s sudden shaking of the ground caused by tectonic movements (构造运动). It destroys buildings in seconds and often triggers landslides or tsunamis. 2.________ It’s a powerful tropical storm with violent (狂暴的) winds (over 120 km/h) and heavy rain. It floods coastal areas and uproots trees. 3.________ Heavy snow and freezing temperatures paralyze (使瘫痪) transport. Power lines break, cutting electricity supplies, and people get trapped (被困) without food or water. 4.________ Overflow of water submerges (淹没) land, especially near rivers. It washes away crops, damages houses, and spreads diseases through polluted water. 5.________ Giant ocean waves (up to 30 metres) caused usually by undersea earthquakes. They flood coasts rapidly, sweeping away everything in their path. These disasters remind us to respect nature and prepare for emergencies. Staying informed and united (保持信息灵通和团结一致) can save lives. 根据短文内容，从方框中选出每段的主旨大意，其中有一个选项是多余的。 A．Snowstorm B．Tsunami C．Earthquake D．Drought E．Typhoon F．Flood 6．根据短文内容，补全下面方框中的句子，每空一词。 Five Natural Disasters and Their Features ☆Earthquake is a (n) shaking of the ground caused by tectonic movements. ☆Typhoon is a tropical storm with violent winds (over 120 km/h) and heavy rain. ☆Snowstorm brings heavy snow and freezing . ☆Flood causes overflow of to submerge land, especially near rivers. ☆Tsunami produces giant ocean waves (up to 30 ) which is usually caused by undersea earthquakes. 1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 9 Forces of Nature 课时8 Project & Review 分层作业 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 词汇 towel n. 毛巾；手巾 coal n. 煤 global adj. 全球的；全世界的 nose n. 鼻子 mouth n. 嘴 terribly adv. 非常；很 several det., pron. 几个；数个 recent adj. 近来的；新近的 seriously adv. 严重地；严肃地 injured adj. 受伤的；有伤的 physically adv. 身体上；肉体上 scared adj. 害怕；恐惧 helpless adj. 无助的 normal adj. 正常的 none pron. 没有一个 短语 in danger 处于危险中 break down 倒塌；损坏 lead to 导致；引起 run out of 用完；耗尽 turn out 结果是；证明是 burn down 烧毁；烧塌 句型 1.Why are forest fires dangerous? 森林火灾为什么危险？ 2.What can we do to protect ourselves in natural disasters? 我们在自然灾害中如何保护自己？ 3.Natural disasters can break down houses and cause deaths. 自然灾害会摧毁房屋、造成死亡。 4.We should try our best to prevent natural disasters. 我们应该尽力预防自然灾害。 5.It is normal to feel scared after a natural disaster. 自然灾害后感到害怕是正常的。 6.Global warming can lead to more serious heatwaves. 全球变暖会导致更严重的热浪。 7.We can protect ourselves with wet towels in a fire. 火灾中我们可以用湿毛巾保护自己。 8.We need to learn how to protect ourselves in disasters. 我们需要学习如何在灾害中保护自己。 一、根据提示补全单词 1.Wipe your hands with a t__________ after washing. 【答案】towel 【答案】句意：洗手后用毛巾擦手。根据 “Wipe your hands” 和首字母提示，此处填 towel“毛巾；手巾”，前面有不定冠词 a，用单数形式，符合语境。 2.Cover your n__________ and mouth with a mask. 【答案】nose 【答案】句意：用口罩遮住你的鼻子和嘴。根据 “mouth with a mask” 和首字母提示，此处填 nose “鼻子”，符合语境。 3.He was s__________ hurt in the earthquake. 【答案】seriously 【答案】句意：他在地震中严重受伤。根据 “hurt” 和首字母提示，此处填 seriously “严重地”，副词修饰形容词 hurt，符合语法规则。 4.Several people were i__________ in the flood. 【答案】injured 【答案】句意：有几个人在洪水中受伤。根据 “in the flood” 和首字母提示，此处填 injured “受伤的”，形容词作表语，符合语境。 5.I felt s__________ when I saw the big fire. 【答案】scared 【答案】句意：看到大火时我感到害怕。根据 “saw the big fire” 和首字母提示，此处填 scared“害怕；恐惧”，形容词作表语，符合语境。 6.The __________ /ˈɡləʊbl/warming brings more heatwaves. 【答案】global 【答案】句意：全球变暖带来了更多的热浪。根据所给音标 /ˈɡləʊbl/，此处填 global“全球的；全世界的”，形容词修饰名词 warming，符合语境。 7.He felt __________ /ˈhelpləs/after losing his home. 【答案】helpless 【答案】句意：失去家园后他感到无助。根据所给音标 /ˈhelpləs/，此处填 helpless “无助的”，形容词作表语，符合语境。 8.It is __________ /ˈnɔːml/to feel scared after a disaster. 【答案】normal 【答案】句意：灾难后感到害怕是正常的。根据所给音标 /ˈnɔːml/，此处填 normal “正常的”，It is + adj. + to do sth. 是固定句型，符合语法规则。 9.We need to save __________ (煤) to protect the environment. 【答案】coal 【答案】句意：我们需要节约用煤来保护环境。根据汉语提示 “煤”，此处填 coal，是不可数名词，符合语境。 10.He was hurt __________ (身体上) in the accident. 【答案】physically 【答案】句意：他在事故中身体上受伤。根据汉语提示 “身体上”，此处填 physically“身体上；肉体上”，副词修饰形容词 hurt，符合语法规则。 二、完成句子 1.森林火灾让许多动物处于危险之中。 Many animals are __________ __________ because of the forest fire. 【答案】in danger 【答案】句意：森林火灾让许多动物处于危险之中。考点：考查固定短语 in danger “处于危险中”，在句中作表语，符合语境。 2.地震摧毁了许多房屋，让人们无家可归。 The earthquake __________ __________ many houses and made people homeless. 【答案】broke down 【答案】句意：地震摧毁了许多房屋，让人们无家可归。考点：考查固定短语 break down“倒塌；损坏”，句子为一般过去时，break 的过去式是 broke，符合语境。 3.全球变暖导致了更多严重的自然灾害。 Global warming __________ __________ more serious natural disasters. 【答案】leads to 【答案】句意：全球变暖导致了更多严重的自然灾害。考点：考查固定短语 lead to“导致；引起”，句子为一般现在时，主语 Global warming 是第三人称单数，lead 用三单形式 leads，符合语法规则。 4.我们的水用完了，所以没法继续走了。 We __________ __________ __________ water, so we couldn't go on. 【答案】ran out of 【答案】句意：我们的水用完了，所以没法继续走了。考点：考查固定短语 run out of“用完；耗尽”，句子为一般过去时，run 的过去式是 ran，符合语境。 5.连词成句：should, we, our, best, try, to, prevent, disasters ___________________________________________________________ 【答案】We should try our best to prevent disasters. 【答案】句意：我们应该尽力预防灾害。考点：考查情态动词 should 的用法和固定短语 try one's best to do sth.。句子为主谓结构，主语 We，情态动词 should 后接动词原形 try，符合陈述句语序。 三、句型转换 1.We should try our best to prevent natural disasters.（改为一般疑问句） __________ __________ try our best to prevent natural disasters? 【答案】Should we 【答案】句意：我们应该尽力预防自然灾害吗？考点：考查含有情态动词 should 的一般疑问句转换。将 should 提前到句首，主语 we 保持不变，故填 Should we。 2.The big fire burned down the small village.（改为否定句） The big fire __________ __________ down the small village. 【答案】didn't burn 【答案】句意：大火没有烧毁那个小村庄。考点：考查一般过去时的否定句转换。原句谓语 burned 是实义动词过去式，变否定句时加助动词 didn't，谓语动词还原为原形 burn，故填 didn't burn。 3.The earthquake broke down many houses.（对划线部分提问） __________ __________ the earthquake break down? 【答案】What did 【答案】句意：地震摧毁了什么？考点：考查特殊疑问句。划线部分是宾语，指代事物，用疑问词 What 提问；原句为一般过去时，加助动词 did，谓语动词还原为 break，故填 What did。 4.He was terribly scared when the storm came.（改为同义句） He felt __________ __________ when the storm came. 【答案】very scared 【答案】句意：暴风雨来临时他非常害怕。考点：考查副词同义转换。terribly（非常）的同义表达是 very，修饰形容词 scared，符合语境。 5.We ran out of our water in the trip.（改为同义句） Our water __________ __________ in the trip. 【答案】ran out 【答案】句意：我们在旅行中把水用完了。考点：考查固定短语同义转换。run out of sth.（用完某物）的同义表达是 sth. run out（某物用完），句子为一般过去时，run 的过去式是 ran，故填 ran out。 四、语法选择 Last Friday evening, a terrible storm hit our city. I 1 doing my homework in my room at that time. My parents 2 watching TV in the living room. Suddenly, the lights went out with a loud sound. The wind 3 hard and the rain beat heavily against the windows. We heard loud thunder and saw bright lightning in the dark sky. My little sister was very scared and started 4 . My mother hugged her and told her not to be afraid. My father tried to find a flashlight, but he couldn’t find it anywhere. The storm 5 for about an hour. During that time, we sat together in the dark and talked quietly to calm down. When the storm stopped, the lights came back on. We found that a big tree in front of our house 6 down. The street was covered with broken leaves and small branches. But luckily, no one in our family 7 hurt in this terrible storm. This experience told me that nature’s temper is sometimes very terrible. We should learn to protect ourselves 8 natural disasters. We also need to know some safety knowledge. It can help us keep safe when a storm or earthquake 9 . And it’s also 10 to prepare some emergency things at home, like flashlights and water. 1．A．am B．was C．were 2．A．are B．was C．were 3．A．blow B．blew C．is blowing 4．A．cry B．to cry C．cried 5．A．lasted B．last C．lasts 6．A．fall B．fell C．falls 7．A．is B．was C．were 8．A．from B．to C．for 9．A．happen B．happens C．happened 10．A．important B．unimportant C．interesting 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了上周五晚上一场暴风雨袭击作者所在城市时，作者一家人的经历，以及作者从中得到的启示。 1．句意：那时我正在房间里做作业。 am是，一般现在时；was是，一般过去时，单数；were是，一般过去时，复数。根据“Last Friday evening”和“at that time”可知，此处描述过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。主语是I，be动词用was。故选B。 2．句意：我的父母正在客厅看电视。 are是，一般现在时；was是，一般过去时，单数；were是，一般过去时，复数。根据上下文语境，此处描述过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。主语是My parents，be动词用were。故选C。 3．句意：风刮得很大，雨重重地打在窗户上。 blow吹，动词原形；blew吹，过去式；is blowing正在吹，现在进行时。根据“the rain beat heavily against the windows”中的动词beat可知，句子时态为一般过去时，动词blow应用过去式blew。故选B。 4．句意：我的小妹妹非常害怕，开始哭起来。 cry哭，动词原形；to cry哭，不定式；cried哭，过去式。根据固定搭配“start to do sth.”可知，此处应用动词不定式to cry。故选B。 5．句意：暴风雨持续了大约一个小时。 lasted持续，过去式；last持续，动词原形；lasts持续，一般现在时，单数。根据上下文语境，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，动词last应用过去式lasted。故选A。 6．句意：我们发现我们家门前的一棵大树倒了。 fall落下，动词原形；fell落下，过去式；falls落下，一般现在时，单数。根据“When the storm stopped, the lights came back on”可知，“树倒了”这一动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，动词fall应用过去式fell。故选B。 7．句意：但幸运的是，在这场可怕的暴风雨中，我们家没有人受伤。 is是，一般现在时，单数；was是，一般过去时，单数；were是，一般过去时，复数。根据“no one in our family”作主语时视为单数，且句子描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，be动词用was。故选B。 8．句意：我们应该学会保护自己免受自然灾害的侵害。 from从；to到；for为了。根据固定搭配“protect…from…”意为“保护……免受……”可知，此处应用介词from。故选A。 9．句意：当暴风雨或地震发生时，它可以帮助我们保持安全。 happen发生，动词原形；happens发生，一般现在时，单数；happened发生，过去式。根据“when a storm or earthquake”引导的时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时。主语是a storm or earthquake，动词用第三人称单数形式happens。故选B。 10．句意：在家里准备一些应急物品，比如手电筒和水，也很重要。 important重要的；unimportant不重要的；interesting有趣的。根据上下文语境，准备应急物品在自然灾害来临时是很重要的，因此应用形容词important。故选A。 五、阅读理解 It was about two o’clock in the early morning. I was sleeping when the unexpected earthquake started. At first, I felt a little shake. Then I heard a loud noise like thunder (雷声). Soon the real noise came. The earth started to shake. People in the nearby blocks shouted in fear. Some people ran out of the building. I tried my best to run out too, but I could not. Outside, people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks (砖块) were falling down. Then the walls began to come down too! Suddenly, everything disappeared. The community was much quieter than before. And I could not see anything at all. I realized I was trapped (困住). The fear went through my mind, but I told myself to stay calm since I was still alive. I shouted for help, but no one answered. I started to pull myself slowly through the dark. Luckily, there was just enough space for me to move. Several hours later, as I was trying to find my way out, I made a discovery. I found a stone and I used it to make some noises to find help. Then I heard shouts from excited people. They quickly moved away the bricks. At last, I saw the bright light. I was saved. 1．What was the writer doing when the earthquake happened? A．Eating. B．Sleeping. C．Playing. D．Swimming. 2．Why did the writer think he was lucky when he was trapped? A．Because he had enough space to move. B．Because he had some food to eat. C．Because he could see light around him. D．Because he was not hurt at all. 3．What does the underlined word “calm” mean? A．Cool. B．Interested. C．Bored. D．Excited. 4．How did the writer let other people know where he was? A．By shouting aloud. B．By moving around. C．By moving a red flag. D．By knocking with a stone. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在凌晨遭遇地震的经历，描述了地震发生时的混乱场景、被困后的恐惧与自救过程，以及最终获救的经过。 1．第一段提到“I was sleeping when the unexpected earthquake started.”，说明地震发生时作者正在睡觉。 2．第四段提到“Luckily, there was just enough space for me to move.”，作者认为自己幸运是因为还有足够的空间可以移动。 3．第三段作者被困后感到恐惧，但告诉自己“stay calm since I was still alive”，结合上下文，“calm”意为“冷静”。 4．第五段提到“I found a stone and I used it to make some noises to find help.”，作者通过用石头敲击发出声响来求救。 六、任务型阅读 Natural disasters bring huge losses to human lives. Here are key features of five major types. 1.________ It’s sudden shaking of the ground caused by tectonic movements (构造运动). It destroys buildings in seconds and often triggers landslides or tsunamis. 2.________ It’s a powerful tropical storm with violent (狂暴的) winds (over 120 km/h) and heavy rain. It floods coastal areas and uproots trees. 3.________ Heavy snow and freezing temperatures paralyze (使瘫痪) transport. Power lines break, cutting electricity supplies, and people get trapped (被困) without food or water. 4.________ Overflow of water submerges (淹没) land, especially near rivers. It washes away crops, damages houses, and spreads diseases through polluted water. 5.________ Giant ocean waves (up to 30 metres) caused usually by undersea earthquakes. They flood coasts rapidly, sweeping away everything in their path. These disasters remind us to respect nature and prepare for emergencies. Staying informed and united (保持信息灵通和团结一致) can save lives. 根据短文内容，从方框中选出每段的主旨大意，其中有一个选项是多余的。 A．Snowstorm B．Tsunami C．Earthquake D．Drought E．Typhoon F．Flood 6．根据短文内容，补全下面方框中的句子，每空一词。 Five Natural Disasters and Their Features ☆Earthquake is a (n) shaking of the ground caused by tectonic movements. ☆Typhoon is a tropical storm with violent winds (over 120 km/h) and heavy rain. ☆Snowstorm brings heavy snow and freezing . ☆Flood causes overflow of to submerge land, especially near rivers. ☆Tsunami produces giant ocean waves (up to 30 ) which is usually caused by undersea earthquakes. 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．A 4．F 5．B 6． sudden powerful temperatures water metres 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍地震、台风、暴风雪、洪水、海啸五种自然灾害的主要特点，提醒人们要尊重自然、做好应急准备。 1．根据文中“It’s sudden shaking of the ground caused by tectonic movements (构造运动). ”可知，本段介绍的是地震。故选C。 2．根据文中“It’s a powerful tropical storm with violent (狂暴的) winds (over 120 km/h) and heavy rain.”可知，本段介绍的是台风。故选E。 3．根据文中“Heavy snow and freezing temperatures paralyze (使瘫痪) transport.”可知，本段介绍的是暴风雪。故选A。 4．根据文中“Overflow of water submerges (淹没) land, especially near rivers.”可知，本段介绍的是洪水。故选F。 5．根据文中“Giant ocean waves (up to 30 metres) caused usually by undersea earthquakes.”可知，本段介绍的是海啸。故选B。 6．①句意：地震是由构造运动引起的地面突然震动。根据文中“It’s sudden shaking of the ground”可知，此处需要形容词sudden。故填sudden。 ②句意：台风是一场强劲的热带风暴，有强风 (每小时超过120千米) 和大雨。根据文中“It’s a powerful tropical storm”可知，此处需要形容词powerful。故填powerful。 ③句意：暴风雪带来大雪和冰冻气温。根据文中“Heavy snow and freezing temperatures”可知，此处需要名词temperatures。故填temperatures。 ④句意：洪水导致水泛滥淹没陆地，尤其是河流附近。根据文中“Overflow of water submerges (淹没) land”可知，此处需要名词water。故填water。 ⑤句意：海啸产生高达30米的巨大海浪，通常由海底地震引起。根据文中“Giant ocean waves (up to 30 metres)”可知，此处需要名词metres。故填metres。 1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $