Unit 4 Space Exploration 阅读·久久为功-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册教师用书word（人教版）

本讲义聚焦太空探索主题，构建“主题名句积累—课文精读—词汇记忆—写作输出—拓展阅读”的学习支架。从尼尔·阿姆斯特朗等中外名人的主题名句引入，通过两篇课文（《太空：最后的边境》《探索太空是浪费时间和金钱吗？》）的对译、难句破解及词汇拓展，系统提升学生对太空探索相关语言知识的理解与运用。 该资料特色在于融合语言能力与文化意识培养，如引用刘慈欣等中外名言渗透人类命运共同体意识，通过课文对比分析（太空探索的成就与争议）提升思维品质，写作任务（邮件、通知）结合真实情境增强语言运用能力。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后助力学生通过词汇表、范文及拓展阅读查漏补缺，巩固主题知识与语言技能。

附：《阅读·久久为功》 一、背主题名句，写大气文章 1．(教材名句)Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man's desire to understand.—Neil Armstrong 神秘感激发好奇心，而好奇心则是人们探索未知事物的前提。——尼尔·阿姆斯特朗 2．The pursuit of the ultimate truth of the universe is the final objective and destination of civilization.—Liu Cixin 对宇宙终极真理的追求是文明的最终目标和归宿。——刘慈欣 3．Remember to look up at the stars and not down at your feet.Try to make sense of what you see and wonder about what makes the universe exist.Be curious.—Stephen Hawking 记住要仰望星空，而不是低头看脚下。尝试去理解你所看到的事物，并思考宇宙何以存在。保持好奇心。——斯蒂芬·霍金 4．Space travel is not the thing of a person or a group of people, but is the historical process of human natural in its development.—Yuri Gagarin 太空旅行不是一个人或某群人的事，而是人类自然发展的历史进程。——尤里·加加林 5．Space exploration contributes not only to the improvement of the quality of human life, but also to our understanding of the interdependence of all beings. 太空探索不仅有助于改善人类的生活质量，而且也有助于我们理解所有生物的相互依赖性。 二、课文不厌百遍读，书中自有“黄金屋” 课文1　SPACE：THE FINAL FRONTIER(太空：最后的边境) “Are we alone? What's out there？” People have always looked up at the stars and wondered about space.Today, scientists design vehicles to carry astronauts into space to make important discoveries. enough to support life.　　 [课文对译] “我们是孤家寡人吗？外面还有什么呢？”人们一直仰望星空，想要认识太空。如今，科学家们研制飞行器，将宇航员送入太空，去获得重要的发现。太空探索已取得很大进步，现在我们希望发现能够维持生命存在的其他行星。 [难句破解]　句①　and连接的并列复合句。第二个分句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词other planets。 Before the mid－20th century, most people felt travelling into space was only a dream that could never come true.However, scientists were determined to realise that dream.After many experiments, they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earth's gravity.On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth.Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, person in the world to enter space.Over eight years later, on 20 July 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, famously saying, “That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.” Following this, there were many more important space achievements.For example, on 5 September 1977, America's NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 to study deep space, and it still transmits data to this day.And the International Space Station (1998) has provided a continuous human presence in space, with astronauts from many different countries on board.　　 [课文对译] 二十世纪中叶之前，大部分人认为在太空旅行是一个无法实现的梦。然而，科学家们下定决心要实现那个梦想。无数次实验之后，他们终于成功研制出能够摆脱地心引力的火箭。1957年10月4日，“旅伴一号”人造卫星在苏联发射升空，并成功环绕地球运行。之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。八年后，美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗于1969年7月20日踏上月球，说出了那句名言：“对一个人来说，这是一小步；对人类来说，这是一大步。”此后，更多重要的太空成就得以实现。例如，为了研究外太空，美国国家航空航天局于1977年9月5日发射“旅行者一号”，该探测器至今仍在传回数据。并且有来自不同国家的宇航员在飞船上，国际空间站(1998年)在太空中提供了持续的人类存在。 [难句破解]　句②　sb./sth.be/become the first ...to do ...“某人/某物是成为第一个……做……”，句中的to do作后置定语。 Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen.For example, all the astronauts on the Soyuz 11, Challenger, and Columbia spacecraft died during their missions.However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die. despite the huge risks.　　 [课文对译] 虽然科学家们极力确保万无一失，但事故仍时有发生。比如“联盟11号”“挑战者号”和“哥伦比亚号”飞船上的宇航员们在执行任务时全部遇难。然而，尽管这些灾难带来了许多悲伤和失望，但是，探索宇宙的愿望永不磨灭。这是因为尽管风险巨大，人类还是坚信太空探索极为重要。 [难句破解]　句③　This is because ...，“这是因为……”。because引导表语从句，其后接原因。despite ...是介词短语作状语。 China's space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, but it has made great progress in a short time.China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003, . Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed by . On 23 July 2020, China sent Tianwen 1 to explore the surface of Mars.It arrived in February 2021 and then sent back lots of valuable information.And from 2021 to 2022, China completed a number of rocket missions to establish its own space station.In 2022, the launch of the Mengtian module signaled the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station.This modern space station will allow astronauts to conduct many important experiments, greatly furthering our understanding of the universe.　 　[课文对译] 中国的太空项目起步晚于俄罗斯和美国，但在短时间内发展迅速。2003年，杨利伟乘坐“神舟五号”宇宙飞船成功环绕地球运行，中国成为世界上第三个能够独立将人类送入太空的国家。之后，“神舟六号”和“神舟七号”分别完成了第二次载人环绕地球飞行和中国人的第一次太空漫步。紧接着，“玉兔号”月球车飞抵月球，开展月球表面研究。2020年7月23日，中国发射了天问一号去探索火星表面。它在2021年2月到达，然后传回了许多珍贵的信息。从2021年到2022年，中国完成了许多火箭任务以建立自己的空间站。2022年，梦天实验舱的发射标志着天宫空间站的基本完成。这个现代化的空间站将使宇航员进行许多重要的实验，极大地促进了我们对宇宙的理解。 [难句破解] 句④　when引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词2003。 句⑤　followed ...是过去分词短语作伴随状语；being sent ...是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰the vehicle Jade Rabbit。 The future of space exploration remains bright.Many countries have plans to further study planets like Mars and Jupiter.Despite the difficulties, will enable the human race to survive well into the future.　　 [课文对译] 太空探索的未来仍然是光明的。许多国家都已制订计划，将进一步研究和探索火星、木星等行星。尽管困难重重，科学家们希望做出更有价值的发现，能让人类延续生存，直到未来。 [难句破解]　句⑥　that引导定语从句，修饰先行词discoveries。 课文2　IS EXPLORING SPACE A WASTE OF TIME AND MONEY? (探索太空是浪费时间和金钱吗？) whether to Mars or other planets much further away.Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.Instead, we should feed the world's poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases. which fails to realise how exploring space helps us.　　 [课文对译] 世界各国正在投入数十亿美元的资金和大量时间执行各种太空任务，无论是去火星还是更远的星球。一部分人认为，我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱去探索太空。相反，我们应该解决世界上穷人的温饱问题，并尽快找到污染、致命性疾病等其他问题的解决方案。然而，另一部分人觉得这是一种肤浅的观点，没有认识到探索太空对我们有多大帮助。 [难句破解]　句①　whether ... or ...“无论……还是……”，作让步状语。 句②　which引导定语从句修饰先行词view; how引导宾语从句，动名词短语exploring space在从句中作主语。 Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth.A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns.Then the data is transmitted to scientists on Earth.After careful analysis, the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers. As a result, space－based 　　 [课文对译] 首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。这使得如今环绕地球运行的卫星有很多。许多卫星记录着陆地与天气模式数据，然后把这些数据传输给地球上的科学家。经过仔细的分析，科学家们可以为农民提供有用的建议和意见。因此，基于太空的科学有助于提高农业产量，从而为地球上不断增长的人口提供充足的食物。 [难句破解]　 句③　in its efforts to ...“为了做成……”，在句中作状语，其中不定式短语to grow ...作后置定语修饰efforts。 Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all. High－end products around the of advanced technology ,which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration. For example, space technologies have helped the research and development of different types of new material.They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that doctors regularly use.Today, space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries, and everyday products, such as memory foam pillows and smartphone cameras, are changing our lives.　　 [课文对译] 其次，太空探索也已经推动了科技进步，使全人类受益。由于采用了先进的技术，如今全球高端产品的生产标准提高了，而这些技术最初是为了满足太空探索的要求而研制出来的。例如，太空技术促进了各种新型材料的研发，还帮助一些公司制造出更好的心脏监测仪以及医生经常使用的其他设备。如今，太空技术广泛应用于各行各业，一些日用产品，如记忆海绵枕头、智能手机的摄像头等，都正在改变我们的生活。 [难句破解]　句④　because of后接advanced technology 作状语；which引导定语从句，修饰先行词advanced technology。 Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world's problems and even to find ways to solve them. Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people. scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home.The greatest attention at present is on Mars because it is closer to Earth.In the future, humans may live on both planets.　　 [课文对译] 最后，将航天员送入太空促使人们思考全球问题，甚至去寻找解决办法。看着我们星球的照片，犹如黑色汪洋大海中的一个小岛，使人们意识到地球的资源是有限的。为了满足快速增长的人口需求，科学家们正在努力寻找有朝一日能够成为我们新家园的其他星球。目前最受关注的是火星，因为它离地球较近。未来，人类很可能居住在这两个星球上。 [难句破解]　句⑤　动名词短语Seeing pictures ...在句中作主语；that引导宾语从句。 句⑥　In order to ...作目的状语；that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词planets。 In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits.Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people's short－term and long－term problems.　　 [课文对译] 总而言之，太空探索给世界带来了种种好处。因此，这项事业应该继续下去，以便为人类(面临)的短期问题和长期问题提供新的、更好的解决方案。 三、词汇记忆无诀窍，适时“回首”记得牢 1．astronaut n．　宇航员；太空人 2．procedure n. 程序；步骤；手续 3．mental adj. 精神的；思想的 拓展|mentally adv. 精神上 联想 4．intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的 拓展|intelligence n. 智慧 5．rocket n. 火箭；火箭弹 6．gravity n. 重力；引力 7．frontier n. 边境；国界；边远地区 8．vehicle n. 交通工具；车辆 9．determined adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的 搭配|be determined to do sth. 　　下定决心做某事 拓展 10．satellite n. 人造卫星；卫星 11．launch vt.& n. 发射；发起；上市 12．orbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt.& vi. 沿轨道运行；环绕……运行 13．giant adj. 巨大的；伟大的 n. 巨人；巨兽；伟人 同义|enormous adj. 巨大的；庞大的 14．leap n. 跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi.& vt. 跳过；跃过 搭配|a giant leap 巨大的飞跃 15．mankind n. 人类 16．agency n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处 拓展|agent n. 代理人；经纪人 17．transmit vt.& vi. 传输；发送 拓展|transmission n. 传输；传送 18．data n. [pl.]资料；数据 联想|database n. 数据库；资料库 19．on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 20．spacecraft n. 航天器；宇宙飞船 21．disappointment n. 失望，沮丧 拓展 22．desire n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望 搭配|have a desire to do 渴望做…… 23．universe n. 宇宙；天地万物 拓展|universal adj. 全球的；普遍的 24．carry on 继续做；坚持干 25．independently adv. 独立地；自立地 拓展 26．spacewalk n. 太空行走；太空行走的时间 27．jade n. 玉；翡翠；玉器 28．module n. 舱；组件；模块 29．signal vt.& vi. 标志着；标明；发信号 n. 信号；标志 拓展|sign n. 征兆；迹象 30．in the hope of doing sth. 抱着……的希望 31．so as to (do sth.) 为了；以便 联想|in order to do 为了 32．recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用 拓展|recyclable adj. 可循环的；可回收的 联想|renewable adj. 可回收利用的 33．muscle n. 肌肉；实力；影响力 34．lack n. 缺乏；短缺 vt. 没有；缺乏 35．float vi. 浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt. 使浮动；使漂流 36．otherwise adv. 否则；要不然 37．beyond prep. 在更远处；超出 38．solar adj. 太阳的；太阳能的 联想|solar system 太阳系；类太阳系 39．current adj. 当前的；现在的 n. 水流；电流；思潮 拓展|currently adv. 目前 40．figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白 41．sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的 42．soap n. 肥皂 43．towel n. 毛巾；抹布 联想|tower 塔楼 44．telescope n. 望远镜 45．microwave n. 微波炉 46．tissue n．纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织 47．facility n. 设施；设备 同义 48．keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的 搭配|be keen on ... 喜欢…… 49．globe n. 地球；世界；地球仪 拓展|global 全球的 50．argue vt.& vi. 论证；争辩；争论 拓展|argument n. 争论；争吵；论点 51．fatal adj. 致命的；灾难性的 52．shallow adj. 肤浅的；浅的 联想|swallow n．& v. 吞；咽 53．result in 导致；造成 拓展|result from 由……造成 54．pattern n. 模式；图案；模范 55．analysis n．(pl.analyses ) (对事物的)分析；分析结果 拓展|analyse v. 分析 56．as a result 所以；结果(是) 拓展|as a result of ... 由于…… 57．high－end adj. 高端的 58．monitor n. 监视器；监测仪 vt. 监视；监测；监控 59．regularly adv. 经常；定期地 拓展 60．foam n. 泡沬橡胶；泡沫 61．pillow n. 枕头 62．smartphone n. 智能手机 63．resource n. 资源；财力；物力 联想|source n. 来源；水源 64．limited adj. 有限的 拓展 65．provide for sb. 提供生活所需 66．closing adj. 结尾的；结束的 n. 停业；关闭；倒闭 搭配|in closing 最后 67．mystery n. 神秘事物；谜 拓展|mysterious adj. 神秘的 68．run out 用完；耗尽 拓展|run out of 用完；耗尽 69．attach vt. 系；绑；贴 搭配|attach great importance to认为……重要；重视 70．oxygen n. 氧；氧气 四、范文佳作多背诵，写作增分最实用 (一)单元写作任务范文背诵 假定你是李华，上周参加了市天文馆举办的为期两天的太空体验项目。请给你的新西兰笔友Pal写封邮件，分享此次经历。 写作话题 1　太空体验 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；　2.请按如下格式作答。 Dear Pal， ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua [推荐范文] Dear Pal， Remember I'd signed up for the space program? Well, I just got back from the two－day simulated manned flight activities, and it was awesome! We started out with some theory, and then launched model rockets.After that we tried the simulator.I put on a spacesuit and tried walking in a world with zero gravity.It's strange to float around like that — in fact, many people got space sick! Luckily, I felt fine.Then I returned to the capsule and travelled to the “Moon” for some lunar exploration.You should join such programs too — you'd love it! Write soon! Yours， Li Hua 写作话题 2　观看太空探索纪录片 假定你校英语社团将组织一次观看中国太空探索纪录片(documentary)的活动。请你用英语写一则通知，内容包括： 1．活动目的；　2.活动内容；　3.欢迎参加。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；　2.请按如下格式作答。 Notice ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ The English Club [推荐范文] Notice To raise students' awareness of Chinese space exploration knowledge, our school will organize us to watch a documentary called Chinese Space Exploration. As scheduled, we are to gather in the lecture hall in our school at 6：50 and the documentary will begin at 7：00.While watching the documentary, everyone shouldn't chat with others casually or eat some snacks.Moreover, don't forget to take a pen and notebook in case you write something down.Please do arrive on time. We are looking forward to your participation. The English Club (二)单元主题优美语段背诵 语段1　星空描写 At the midnight the sky became clearer and the stars grew brighter.It was so quiet.There was almost no wind — only the flames of our fire for company.As I lay beneath the stars, I thought about how far we had already travelled. 午夜时分，天空变得更加晴朗，星星变得更加明亮。周围如此安静，几乎没有风——只有篝火的火焰与我们做伴。 我躺在星空下，想着我们已经走了多远。 语段2　天空描写 Night had fallen fast upon the land.No more than an hour ago the sky was painted with hues of red, orange and pink, but all colors, had faded, leaving only a matt black canvas with no stars to be looked upon. 夜幕快速降临大地。 不到一个小时前，天空还是五彩缤纷的，有红色、橙色和粉色。但所有的颜色都褪去了，只剩下一块乌黑的画布，没有星星能看到。 语段3　月亮描写 The moon had risen, and its orb was shedding a flood of light over the dark outline of pines which crowned the eastern mountain ... The rays from the moon were striking upon the smooth white surfaces of the lake and fields, reflecting upwards a light that was brightened by the spotless color of the immense bodies of snow which covered the Earth. 月亮升起来了，它的圆球将一片月光倾泻在东山上的松树那黑暗的轮廓上……月亮的光线照射在湖面和田野光滑的白色表面上，向上反射出一道亮光，那亮光是被覆盖在地球上的巨大雪体的一尘不染的颜色照亮的。 五、主题集群阅读，拓展主题认知 时尚悦读　眺望夜空的眼睛 The night sky has been an endless source of fascination since the start of human history.For example, the mysterious large－eyed, bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, ， were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars.In reality, humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye.And, for a long while, people were unable to understand what they could see.Not knowing what the stars were, people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky. Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically when the first telescope was angled at the night sky, to understand that the universe is far larger than was previously imaginable.The planets were seen to be worlds similar to our own, many of them even having their own moons.Soon, it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.Some 300 years later, we learnt that the Milky Way itself was just one galaxy among billions of others, spread across the blackness of space like great islands of light and matter . Almost 400 years after the first Earth－based telescope was invented, the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit，giving astronomers — indeed all of us — the first breathtakingly beautiful images of our universe taken from beyond Earth.Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great distances, from enormous clouds of gas ， to huge black holes, and even to new planets where we might conceivably find life.Not only that — it has also helped us to work out the age and nature of the universe, and discover the incredible fact expanding at an ever－increasing speed. To see even further into the universe, many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes.Currently, China operates the world's largest and most powerful radio telescope, the FAST telescope, completed in 2016.The 500－metre dish of the“Eye of Heaven”， as it is known, is being used in the search for dark matter, thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes.This vast dish also has the ability to explore regions of space billions of light years away, right at the edge of the visible universe. The Hubble and the space telescopes constructed after it will allow us to see further and further into space.We will view stars and galaxies billions of light years away and look back at a past that was billions of years ago.Using ever－larger radio telescopes as our eyes, we will one day be able to look back to a time in the very early universe, before the existence of light.But the human quest for knowledge reaches even beyond that. we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery. [难句破解]　 句①　过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词短语the mysterious large－eyed, bronze statues。 句②　现在分词短语increasing ... and enabling ...作状语，其中含有as引导的方式状语从句和that引导的宾语从句。 句③　现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词islands。 句④　where引导定语从句，修饰先行词 clouds of gas。 句⑤　that引导同位语从句。 句⑥　此处so ...that ...“如此……以至于……”，其中so提至句首时，主句可用部分倒装。 [助读译文] 从人类有史以来，夜空就一直是让人浮想联翩的不竭源头。例如在中国考古遗址三星堆发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目铜像，古时的人们认为它能够看到遥远的星空。事实上，人类仅凭肉眼只能看到夜空很小的一部分。并且在很长一段时间里，人们都无法理解他们所看到的事物。古时的人们并不知道星星到底是什么，所以他们便凭着想象去创造了一个空中世界。 当第一台望远镜对准夜空时，我们探索进而理解太空的能力就发生了巨大变化，它不仅增强了人类肉眼观测的能力，而且也让我们明白宇宙要比之前想象的大得多。每个行星都可以被视为和我们地球类似的星球，其中许多行星甚至有它们自己的卫星。很快，我们明白太阳只不过是银河系中数十亿计的恒星中的一个。大约300年后，我们又得知，银河系只是数十亿个散落在黑色太空中的星系之一，就像漂浮在宇宙汪洋中的一座光与物质组成的大型岛屿。 第一个地基望远镜问世将近400年之后，哈勃空间望远镜发射入轨，不仅让宇航员，事实上还让我们所有人，都看见了来自地球之外令人叹为观止的宇宙美景。它让我们史无前例地看到了如此遥远的景观——从星体诞生的巨大气体云团，到巨型黑洞，甚至到可能会发现生命迹象的新行星。不仅如此，它还帮助我们测算宇宙的年龄并分析宇宙的本质，且发现了惊人的事实——宇宙正在以不断增加的速度扩大。 为了能更加深入地观察宇宙，很多国家开始投入研发更先进的望远镜。近来，中国研发了世界最大、功能最强的射电望远镜——FAST 望远镜，于2016年建成。众所周知，这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径巨盘用于探寻暗物质。暗物质被认为由亚原子粒子组成，一般望远镜是观测不到的。这个巨盘还能探索数十亿光年之外的太空领域，那里是看得到的宇宙的边界。 哈勃望远镜以及在它之后建成的太空望远镜将使我们能看见更加遥远的太空。我们将能观察几十亿光年外的星体和星系，回看数十亿年之前的过去。终将有一天，我们会使用更巨大的射电望远镜，当作人类之眼，回看在光产生之前的宇宙的最早时期。但人类对知识的渴望不止于此。宇宙还有很多的未知领域，我们才刚刚接近这段奇幻发现之旅的起点。 109 / 111 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $