Unit 3 Section Ⅳ Discovering Useful Structures-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册教师用书word（人教版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语“省略”语法项目，系统梳理从词法（介词、替代性、不定式省略）到句法（简单句、并列句、复合句省略）的完整脉络，以例句引入、规则解析、对点练习为学习支架，构建“现象感知-规则归纳-应用巩固”的递进式学习路径。 资料以Tom和Peter的故事串联例句，情境化呈现省略现象提升语言理解与表达能力，通过分类对比不同省略规则培养分析归纳的思维品质，配套对点练和综合转换题助力学生自主巩固，课中辅助教师高效讲解，课后帮助学生查漏补缺，强化语法应用能力。

Section Ⅳ　Discovering Useful Structures 语法项目——省略 ①(You) Believe yourself Tom and Peter are twins.They look as if ②(they were) the same person.Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hardworking while Peter is lazy.Tom always wins the first place in the exams while Peter doesn't ③(win the first place)．Peter felt sad one day.When ④(he was) asked why he was so sad, he said he had been robbed of the opportunity of going abroad.Peter determined to spend nearly half of his summer holiday ⑤(in) studying English.Their parents believe if Peter worked as hard as Tom ⑥(worked), he would do as well as his brother ⑦(did) in his study.And their parents suggest that they ⑧(should) finish their homework before playing computer games.Not surprisingly, Peter succeeded.It's worth mentioning that ⑨were it not for the support of the teachers, Peter could not overcome his difficulty. [语法入门] ①祈使句中常省略主语； ②④as if/when引导状语从句，主从句主语一致，且从句谓语部分含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词可省略； ③⑥⑦while或as ...as ...连接两个并列分句时，若主语不同，但主要动词相同，则可省略后面句子中的主要动词； ⑤介词的省略； ⑧suggest意为“建议”，后接宾语从句时，从句中谓语用“should＋do”，should可以省略； ⑨if虚拟条件句中，省略if时，句子需倒装。 在英语中，为了使语言简洁、紧凑、重点突出，常常省略句中的一个或多个成分，这种 语法现象叫省略。 一、词法上的省略　 (一)介词的省略 1．一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构有： have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. be busy (in) doing sth. spend some time (in) doing sth. stop/prevent sb.(from) doing sth. 2．表示时间的介词at, on和in在next, last, this, these, yesterday, tomorrow, one, any, every, each, some等词之前时，一般省略。 •The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time. 大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。 •We go to school (on) every day except Sundays. 除了星期天外，我们每天都去上学。 [对点练]　(补全下列句子中省略的介词) ①It was quite light and (at) any moment now the sun would rise. ②There were plenty of empty seats (on) that night. ③I have some trouble (in) learning English. (二)替代性省略 在英语中，可以用so, not或其他方式来替代省略的上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。 ①—Can you finish your work today? ——你今天能完成工作吗？ —I think so. ——我认为能。 —I don't think so./I think not. ——我认为不能。 ②—The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they? —I guess not. ——男孩们工作做得一点儿也不好，是吗？ ——我猜是没做好。 [对点练]　(完成句子) ①—Is he feeling better today? —I'm_afraid_not (我恐怕他没有好转)． ②—Tom was injured, or he would have won the race. —I_think_so (我认为如此)． (三)动词不定式的省略 1．当不定式在形容词afraid, anxious, eager, glad, happy, ready, willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。 You can't force him to answer the question if he's not ready to (answer the question)． 如果他没有准备好回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。 2．某些使役动词，如：make, let, have等和感官动词，如：see, watch, notice, observe, hear等后面作宾语补足语的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态时，则to不能省略。 We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom. →She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom. 我们经常听见她在教室里唱一首英文歌。 3．并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不能省略to。 •He likes to swim more than (to) skate. 比起溜冰他更喜欢游泳。 •He believes it important to study rather than to make friends. 他认为重要的是学习而不是交朋友。 4．介词but, except (除了) 前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式不带to。 All he could do was nothing but wait and see. 他所能做的只有等着瞧。 5．当不定式在be going to, be able to, have to, ought to, used to后作复合谓语时，不定式可省略。 They didn't visit their parents as much as they ought to (visit their parents)． 他们应该多看望父母，但他们没有。 [名师点津]　省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，to后要保留have或be。类似这样用法的还有动词短语ought to, be going to, be about to, be supposed to, have to, used to及形容词glad, happy, pleased, delighted等。 He didn't come, but he ought to have. 他没来，但他应该来。 —Are you a physician? —No，but I used to be (a physician)． ——你是个内科医生吗？ ——不是，但我过去是。 [对点练]　(按要求填序号) ①There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but to wait. ②We can do nothing but to give up. ③He was noticed to leave the office. ④The city now is much noisier than it used to be. ⑤My mother wouldn't let me to go to see the film. (1)以上句子中，加黑部分应省略的是：②⑤。 (2)不能省略的是：①③④。 二、句法上的省略　 (一)简单句中的省略 1．省略主语：一般情况下，主语是不能省略的，但在祈使句或其他不容易引起歧义的情况下，特别是在口语中，主语常常省略，主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。 •(You) Want a hand? 需要帮忙吗？ •(I) Beg your pardon. 请再说一遍。 •(It)Doesn't matter. 没关系。 2．省略宾语：当上、下或前后两个句子的宾语一致时，下句或后句常省略宾语。 —Do you know Miss Gao? —I don't know (her)． ——你认识高女士吗？ ——不认识。 3．省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)：在某些具体的场合下，主语和谓语都很明确，此时为了简化或显得亲切等，可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省略，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。 •(You come) This way, please. 请走这边。 •(Have you) Got any ink? 你有墨水吗？ [对点练]　(用省略结构完成下列句子) ①Obey_the_rules,_or you will get punished. 遵守规则，否则你会受到惩罚。 ②John is a lawyer, and his_wife_a_teacher. 约翰是律师，他的妻子是教师。 ③I like red wine better_than_white. 我喜欢红葡萄酒胜过白葡萄酒。 ④Got_any_idea about the plan? 对这个计划有什么想法吗？ (二)并列句中的省略 在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。 1．省略共同的主语或宾语。 2．若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。 3．若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。 4．若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。 •(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)I ran like crazy through the airport building and (I) jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought. 我疯狂地跑过机场大楼，毫不犹豫地跳上了第一辆出租车。 •Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework. 杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。 •His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry. 他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。 •He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn't (have a knowledge of first aid)． 他具备急救知识，但他朋友不具备。 [对点练]　(写出下列句中可以省略的部分) ①Let's do the dishes.I'll wash the dishes and you'll dry the dishes.wash和dry后的the_dishes ②He gave up drinking several months, but he returned to his old way later.he ③My friend didn't come to school, but I wonder why he didn't come to school.he_didn't_come_to_school (三)复合句中的省略 1．状语从句的省略 当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it, 并且又含有be动词时，常可省略从句中的主语和be 动词。 •(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when (digital texts, audio and video are) providing resources not available in print. 数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，特别是当(数字文本、音频和视频)无法提供可利用的印刷资源时。 •Will you be free this Sunday？If (it is) so, let's go camping. 这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。 2．定语从句的省略 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语且前面无介词时，可以省略关系代词。 (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷) ...but I'm old－fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages (that/which) I can leaf through with my fingers. ……但是我很守旧，更喜欢硬皮的封面和可以用手指翻阅的书页。 3．宾语从句的省略 宾语从句中一般可以省略that，但如果动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。 He said (that) the diagram was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 他说这个图表很重要，我们应该牢记在心。 [对点练] (1)把下列句子改为省略句 ①If it is so, I hope you will have a wonderful time. →If_so,_I hope you will have a wonderful time. ②The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as they are in Guangzhou. →The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as_in_Guangzhou. (2)写出下列句子中可以省略的部分 ①Among many dangers which sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.which ②Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.that ③Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.that ④She didn't go swimming yesterday.I don't know why she didn't go swimming yesterday.she_didn't_go_swimming_yesterday Ⅰ.同义句转换(改为省略句) 1．He hoped more people could volunteer to help the people in need if it is possible. →He hoped more people could volunteer to help the people in need if_possible. 2．The employees just did the work as they were told. →The employees just did the work as_told. 3．This meeting is successful than it was expected. →This meeting is successful than_expected. 4．While I was reading a book, I heard a knock on the door. →While_reading_a_book,_I heard a knock on the door. 5．The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful. →The burn that she got from the iron was red and very_painful. 6．Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students haven't done a first aid course. →Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most_haven't. 7．John will go abroad to travel but his brother will not go abroad to travel. →John will go abroad to travel but his_brother_will_not. 8．If it is so, I hope you will get well soon. →If_so,_I hope you will get well soon. Ⅱ.根据括号内的汉语提示用省略结构补全短文 Mom was in the kitchen.She talked ①while_preparing_their_supper (当准备他们的晚饭时)．She said to Tom, “②Look_out_for_cars (当心车辆) when crossing the street.” ③If_necessary (如果有必要的话), she let Tom wait for a while.However, Tom didn't respond.She hurriedly left the room ④as_if_angry (好像生气了)．Seeing this, Tom felt sorry and ⑤frightened (害怕), so he ran to Mom apologizing to her. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $