精品解析：山东省日照第一中学高三下学期3月份单元质量检测英语试题

高三下学期3月份单元质量检测英语试题 英语试题 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分60分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分） 阅读下列短文，从题中所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A VEVYE is supplied as eye drops and used to treat the signs and symptoms (症状) of dry eye disease. It is a different kind of dry eye treatment that works quickly and gently so you can get the relief you’ve been looking for. The VEVYE Access for All program also offers fast, easy and affordable access to treatment. Speed up relief: In clinical studies, patients experienced corneal (角膜) repair with VEVYE in as little as 15 days. Maximize comfort: In clinical studies, 99.8% of patients reported no or only mild pain/ burning when applying VEVYE. Affordable access: Commercially insured patients may pay as little as $0, and uninsured patients can access a $59 Cash-pay option. HOW TO USE VEVYE? Use VEVYE eye drops exactly as directed by your doctor. Wash your hands before using the eye drops. The usual dose (剂量) is 1 drop into each eye twice daily, approximately 12 hours apart. If used with other eye drops then allow a 15-minute gap between products. SAFETY PROFILE Do not touch the bottle tip to the eye or other surfaces to avoid potential for eye injury. VEVYE should not be applied while wearing contacts. Remove contacts prior to using VEVYE. After applying VEVYE to the eyes, wait 15 minutes before putting contacts back in. Side effect: The most common side effects include eye pain (8%) and temporary blurred vision (3%). Safety and effectiveness: Safety and effectiveness in patients below the age of 18 years have not been established. No overall difference in safety or effectiveness has been observed between elderly and younger patients. To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Harrow at 1-833-442-7769 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 1. What can patients expect when using VEVYE? A. Mental relief. B. Fast recovery. C. Free insurance. D. Improved vision. 2. How should patients use VEVYE properly? A. Stop using contacts. B. Wash eyes before using it. C. Keep the tip away from eyes. D. Wait 15 minutes after the first drop. 3. Where is the text probably from? A. A website of a drug company. B. A patient review platform. C. An advertisement of a drugstore. D. A medical journal. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍干眼症治疗药物VEVYE的剂型、核心优势（起效快、温和、获取便捷经济）、使用方法、安全注意事项及不良反应报告渠道，为患者提供全面的用药相关信息。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Speed up relief: In clinical studies, patients experienced corneal (角膜) repair with VEVYE in as little as 15 days.(快速缓解：在临床研究中，使用VEVYE的患者在短短15天内就完成了角膜修复。)”可知，使用VEVYE时，患者可实现快速恢复。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据“SAFETY PROFILE”下文表格中“Do not touch the bottle tip to the eye or other surfaces to avoid potential for eye injury.(请勿让瓶口接触眼睛或其他表面，以免造成眼部损伤)”可知，患者使用VEVYE时，应让药瓶口远离眼睛。故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“VEVYE is supplied as eye drops and used to treat the signs and symptoms (症状) of dry eye disease. It is a different kind of dry eye treatment that works quickly and gently so you can get the relief you’ve been looking for. The VEVYE Access for All program also offers fast, easy and affordable access to treatment.(VEVYE为滴眼液剂型，适用于治疗干眼症的体征与症状。作为一款与众不同的干眼症治疗药物，其起效迅速且温和，能为你带来期待已久的缓解效果。“VEVYE全民关爱计划”更提供便捷、高效且经济实惠的治疗获取渠道。)”以及下文内容可知，文章介绍了药品VEVYE的剂型、药品功效、使用方法、安全性、价格政策、不良反应报告渠道等，这些信息通常来自药企官方网站。故选A。 B My dad is a crossword-lover. When I was a little girl, Dad would read his crossword puzzles to me from a magazine. I can still remember how he turned his pencil excitedly as he discovered a new phrase. If my attention weakened, he would say, “Feeling sleepy? Never mind, I’ll keep reading. Some of the words may crawl into your mind.” Bit by bit, Dad introduced me to the power of words and guided my life’s calling, a purpose I never questioned or bothered to pursue. Years passing, I grew into a professional writer. I found that he never asked me to suggest a word or help him with a puzzle when I was working. For him, my words were precious; each held value. But it did not matter much to me how much I got paid for writing. I wrote because I loved word-craft and making up stories that brought ideas to life. Recently when an editor surprised me with a lower rate of pay for a piece of essay that they chose to publish online rather than in print, I was kind of hurt! But I comforted myself by looking at the bright side — so many people read the piece and shared joyful emotions and praise on social media. Although some worldly-wise friends told me that I was paid peanuts, I myself felt well rewarded. While I was content, a certain anxiety would secretly emerge: would the thought of earnings cheapen the dignity of my work? Dad’s solution was: “Why not both? Money isn’t everything, but isn’t it good to have enough to help yourself and those close to you? And for your talents and efforts to be valued?” Dad believed not only that more wealth did not mean greater happiness, but also that no effort should be undervalued. Today, when doubts cloud my mind, I think of Dad’s pencil: its purpose may be to solve a crossword puzzle, but it was also there for anyone writing down a life-changing number in a lottery ticket (彩票). So couldn’t my words help complete my life purpose and earn a better living too? Now I take up assignments — some that pay well, some that don’t — and they both fill me with joy. 4. Dad didn’t turn to the author to solve puzzles probably because he________. A. didn’t know the fun of sharing games B. failed to see her willingness to help C. didn’t want to interrupt her literary creation D. trusted his own ability to solve puzzles 5. “I was paid peanuts” in paragraph 3 indicates that________. A. my writing deserved a better pay B. I got some nuts from my writing C. my writing ability was overrated D. I earned more than I should have 6. What does the author mainly convey in the last paragraph? A. Dad uses a pencil to balance his life wisely. B. Her life purpose is realized through writing. C. She sees both her words’ material and spiritual value. D. Multiple roles of a pencil may help change one’s life. 7. What can we learn about Dad and the author? A. Dad developed her attention by reading. B. Dad advised her to be a professional writer. C. Dad improved her ability to solve word puzzles. D. Dad helped shape her view on writing for a living. 【答案】4. C 5. A 6. C 7. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者受父亲影响成为作家，及对写作报酬与价值的看法。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Years passing, I grew into a professional writer. I found that he never asked me to suggest a word or help him with a puzzle when I was working. For him, my words were precious; each held value.(岁月流逝，我成为了一名职业作家。我发现，我工作时，他从不要求我帮忙想词或解谜题。对他来说，我的文字很珍贵，每一个都有价值。)”可知，父亲不找作者解谜题是因为不想打扰她的文学创作。故选C。 【5题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Recently when an editor surprised me with a lower rate of pay for a piece of essay that they chose to publish online rather than in print, I was kind of hurt! (最近，一位编辑让我大吃一惊，他们选择在网上而不是在印刷品上发表我的一篇文章，却给了我更低的稿费。)”和“Although some worldly-wise friends told me that I was paid peanuts, I myself felt well rewarded.(尽管一些精明的朋友告诉我，I was paid peanuts，但我自己觉得得到了很好的回报。)”可知，作者的稿费低于预期，I was paid peanuts意为“我得到的报酬很少”，暗示她的作品值得更高的报酬。故选A。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“So couldn’t my words help complete my life purpose and earn a better living too? Now I take up assignments — some that pay well, some that don’t — and they both fill me with joy.(那么，我的文字就不能帮助我完成人生目标，赚取更好的生活吗？现在，我接受任务——有些报酬丰厚，有些报酬不高——但它们都让我充满喜悦。)”可知，作者主要传达的是她既看到了文字的精神价值（实现人生目标），也重视其物质价值（赚取报酬）。故选C。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第四段中“Dad’s solution was: “Why not both? Money isn’t everything, but isn’t it good to have enough to help yourself and those close to you? And for your talents and efforts to be valued?” Dad believed not only that more wealth did not mean greater happiness, but also that no effort should be undervalued.(爸爸的解决办法是：“为什么不能两者兼得呢？钱不是一切，但有足够的钱来帮助自己和亲近的人不是很好吗？你的才能和努力得到重视不是很好吗？”爸爸不仅相信更多的财富并不意味着更大的幸福，而且相信任何努力都不应该被低估。)”、最后一段中“So couldn’t my words help complete my life purpose and earn a better living too? Now I take up assignments — some that pay well,some that don’t — and they both fill me with joy.(那么，我的文字就不能帮助我完成人生目标，赚取更好的生活吗？现在，我接受任务——有些报酬丰厚，有些报酬不高——但它们都让我充满喜悦。)”可知，父亲帮助作者塑造了她对写作谋生的看法。故选D。 C Nature words like river, moss and blossom have appeared less frequently in books over the past years. This decline, according to a study by professor Miles Richardson from the University of Derby, mirrors a broader change he has traced through 220 years of records on urbanisation, the loss of wildlife in neighbourhoods, and parents no longer passing on engagement with nature to their children. The computer modelling in the study also predicts an “extinction of experience”, with future generations continuing to lose an awareness of nature because it is not present in increasingly built-up neighbourhoods, while parents no longer pass on an “orientation(倾向)” towards the natural world. This is consistent with findings from other studies, which identify adult nature connectedness as the strongest predictor of whether a child will become close to nature. Richardson said that when he tested policy and urban environmental changes in the model he was surprised at the scale of the changes required to restore the connection to nature. Increasing biodiverse green spaces in a city by 30% might look like significant positive progress for wildlife and people but Richardson said his study suggests a city might need to be 10 times greener to turn around declines in nature connection. Efforts to simply encourage adults to engage with nature are often insufficient for lasting change. More effective are measures that build nature connection from an early age, such as forest schools for young children. Research indicates that government initiatives reshaping early education and urban design must be consistently applied over the next 25 years. Once established, this connection can become self-sustaining. Richardson said the scale of societal change required might not be as challenging as it appeared. A study on people in Sheffield found that they spent just 4 minutes and 36 seconds on average in natural spaces each day. “Increase that by ten, and people are spending 40 minutes outside every day — that may be enough,” he said. “The key is to make these gains last across generations,” he added. 8. What change has Richardson traced in his study? A. Nature words have disappeared from books. B. People have less direct contact with nature. C. Urbanisation has damaged wildlife habitats. D. Parents spend more time outdoors with kids. 9. What might cause future generations to have “extinction of experience” in the model? A. They are raised away from nature. B. They can’t adapt to changes in nature. C. High-rise buildings fill neighbourhoods. D. Schools offer few nature science lessons. 10. What is a most effective solution to the issue according to the text? A. Advancing long-term policies. B. Launching eco-friendly campaigns. C. Focusing on raising adults’ awareness. D. Enlarging green space in certain areas. 11. Richardson mentioned the study on people in Sheffield to show ________. A. nature contact varies from city to city B. people’s living habits are hard to change C. a new way to measure nature time is needed D. small efforts help improve contact with nature 【答案】8. B 9. A 10. A 11. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了近年来，书籍中自然词汇减少，反映出人们与自然的接触日益减少。研究表明，城市化、长辈不再引导孩子亲近自然等因素，可能导致后代出现“自然体验的灭绝”。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“This decline, according to a study by professor Miles Richardson from the University of Derby, mirrors a broader change he has traced through 220 years of records on urbanisation, the loss of wildlife in neighbourhoods, and parents no longer passing on engagement with nature to their children.(据德比大学的Miles Richardson教授的一项研究显示，这种下降趋势反映了他所追踪到的更为广泛的变革：220年来的城市化记录、社区内野生动物的减少，以及父母不再将与自然的接触方式传递给子女的现象。)” 可知，Richardson追踪到的核心变化是：城市化、社区野生生物减少、父母不再传递亲近自然的习惯，即，人们和自然的直接接触变少了。故选B项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“The computer modelling in the study also predicts an ‘extinction of experience’, with future generations continuing to lose an awareness of nature because it is not present in increasingly built-up neighbourhoods, while parents no longer pass on an ‘orientation’ towards the natural world.(该研究中的计算机模型还预测会出现“体验灭绝”现象，未来的世代将会逐渐失去对自然界的认知，因为自然环境已不再存在于日益密集的居民区之中，而父母们也不再向孩子们传递对自然世界的“认知导向”。)”可知，“体验灭绝”的原因是：社区逐渐被建筑覆盖，自然消失，同时父母不再传递亲近自然的倾向，即，下一代成长环境本身就远离自然。故选A项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容“More effective are measures that build nature connection from an early age, such as forest schools for young children. Research indicates that government initiatives reshaping early education and urban design must be consistently applied over the next 25 years. Once established, this connection can become self-sustaining.(更为有效的是那些能在孩子幼年时期就建立与自然联系的措施，比如为幼儿设立的森林学校。研究表明，政府针对早期教育和城市规划的改革举措必须在未来 25 年内持续推行。一旦这种联系得以确立，它就能实现自我维持。)”可知，更有效的方式是从小培养亲近自然的连接，政府调整早期教育和城市设计的举措，必须在未来25年持续推行，即长期政策才是有效的解决方案。故选A项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“A study on people in Sheffield found that they spent just 4 minutes and 36 seconds on average in natural spaces each day. ‘Increase that by ten, and people are spending 40 minutes outside every day — that may be enough,’ he said.(一项针对谢菲尔德市民的研究发现，他们平均每天在自然环境中停留的时间仅为4分36秒。“将这个时间增加 10 倍，人们每天就能在户外度过 40 分钟 —— 这或许已经足够了。”)”提及谢菲尔德市民每天只在自然环境中停留4分36秒，而只需增加十倍到四十分钟就够了，即，不用巨大改变，小努力就能提升亲近自然的时间。故选D项。 D We’ve all seen this happen in a science-fiction movie: The super heroes jump into a shaky spaceship and escape the bad guys by flying through the asteroid (小行星) belt, where huge rocks fall and spin so close that the crew has to duck and dive to avoid being broken into pieces. It’s exciting, but it’s wrong: In our solar system, the odds are pretty good that you could stand on the surface of an asteroid and not even be able to see another. Yet they do interact if given enough time. Even in the main asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, crashes are ineluctable. And when two space rocks go “crash” in the main belt, big impacts blow lots of asteroid fragments (碎片) out into space. In many cases, these fragments stay on much the same orbital path as the parent asteroid, although they gradually separate from it because of slight speed differences. After thousands of years, some fragments might be clear across the Sun, but their distance from the Sun and the shape and direction of their orbits remain similar. Such conserved features are collectively called an asteroid’s orbital elements. The groupings sharing orbital elements are identified as “families”, which are named after the largest asteroid in the group. Studying asteroids by focusing on their families can help us make a good guess about what properties a newly-found one has if it belongs to a better-studied family. Care must be taken, though. Some very large asteroids have differentiated materials in the center and on the surface, so confirming those guesses usually requires taking spectra, the time-consuming process of breaking an object’s incoming light into individual colors to reveal its composition. It’s more than a mere academic exercise to find this particular branch of an asteroid family tree: Some asteroids are potentially risky, meaning they could crash with Earth some time in the distant future. If we know how they find their way to the inner solar system from the main belt to pose threats in the first place, we can defend our planet from future worrisome asteroids. 12. What is the author’s view on the scene in the sci-fi movie? A. It goes against the established facts. B. It overstates the super heroes’ role. C. It downplays the special visual effects. D. It fuels people’s interest in the asteroid. 13. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “ineluctable” in paragraph 2? A. Unavoidable. B. Uncommon. C. Incredible. D. Invisible. 14. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The definition of orbital elements. B. The formation of asteroid families. C. The naming rule of asteroid groups. D. The moving pattern of asteroid fragments. 15. What can be inferred about the study of asteroid family? A. It is a high-risk practice. B. It is built on assumptions. C. Its value can’t be overstated. D. Its coverage needs to be expanded. 【答案】12. A 13. A 14. B 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科幻电影中关于小行星带的场景与现实不符，并介绍了小行星带中碰撞不可避免、小行星家族的形成、研究小行星家族的意义以及其对地球潜在威胁的防范作用。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“It’s exciting, but it’s wrong: In our solar system, the odds are pretty good that you could stand on the surface of an asteroid and not even be able to see another. （这很刺激，但这是错误的：在我们的太阳系中，你很有可能站在小行星的表面，却看不到另一颗小行星）”可知，作者认为科幻电影中的场景与事实不符。故选A项。 【13题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“Yet they do interact if given enough time. Even in the main asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, crashes are ineluctable. （然而，如果给它们足够的时间，它们确实会相互作用。即使在火星和木星轨道之间的主小行星带，碰撞也是ineluctable）”可知，前文提到小行星之间如果给予足够的时间会相互作用，接着举例说明即使在主小行星带，碰撞也是会发生的，即碰撞是不可避免的。由此可知，划线词ineluctable与A项Unavoidable“不可避免的”意思相近。故选A项。 【14题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“In many cases, these fragments stay on much the same orbital path as the parent asteroid, although they gradually separate from it because of slight speed differences. After thousands of years, some fragments might be clear across the Sun, but their distance from the Sun and the shape and direction of their orbits remain similar. Such conserved features are collectively called an asteroid’s orbital elements. The groupings sharing orbital elements are identified as ‘families’, which are named after the largest asteroid in the group. （在许多情况下，这些碎片与母小行星保持在大致相同的轨道上，尽管由于速度略有不同，它们会逐渐与母小行星分离。几千年后，一些碎片可能会在太阳的另一侧，但它们与太阳的距离以及轨道的形状和方向仍然相似。这些保存下来的特征统称为小行星的轨道元素。共享轨道元素的星群被确定为‘家族’，以该星群中最大的小行星命名）”可知，本段主要介绍了小行星碎片与母小行星的关系，以及具有相似轨道元素的星群如何形成小行星家族。因此，本段主要讲的是小行星家族的形成。故选B项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“It’s more than a mere academic exercise to find this particular branch of an asteroid family tree: Some asteroids are potentially risky, meaning they could crash with Earth some time in the distant future. If we know how they find their way to the inner solar system from the main belt to pose threats in the first place, we can defend our planet from future worrisome asteroids. （找到小行星家谱中的这一特定分支不仅仅是一项学术练习：有些小行星具有潜在风险，这意味着它们可能在遥远的未来与地球相撞。如果我们知道它们是如何从主带进入内太阳系并首先构成威胁的，我们就可以保护我们的星球免受未来令人担忧的小行星的侵害）”可知，研究小行星家族不仅仅是一项学术活动，它对于保护地球免受潜在危险小行星的撞击具有重要意义。因此，研究小行星家族的价值不可估量。故选C项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Do you believe that setting goals is an important part of success? Having free time to relax and just accepting whatever happens can be nice on occasion. ____16____ And that involves goals and planning. Successful people start with a goal. They know that without one, they have no direction or focus with which to achieve anything. ____17____ And your goal determines all of the steps you take towards it. Regardless of what type of goal you have, it’s important to be clear about it. When starting any plans to reach a goal, successful people know that it can help to map out the route to reach your destination. For example, what steps would you take? By having a plan, it gives you a clearer picture of where to start, and what milestones you can expect along the way. Goals allow you to experience success along the way. ____18____ Successful people know that having a goal is the motivator that drives you forward with confidence. When you know where you’re going, it can be exciting to see your progress as you move closer to the goal. ____19____ For example, with the road trip scenario, every time you get to the next town, you know you are making progress. And feeling successful can give you the confidence to do more. ____20____ By committing to the task or process involved in reaching a goal, you are telling yourself you intend to do it. Giving up or not putting enough effort into creating your step-by-step plan is not going to help you reach your goal. A. It’s the very basis of their success. B. Successful people achieve goals with commitment. C. They can make sure you get the training and experience they need. D. From time to time you need to see how much you have committed to your goal. E. Knowing what to expect around the next corner might make you feels less stressed. F. Having things planned out ahead of time can help you to reach your goal more smoothly. G. However, most of the time if you want to reach your dreams, you have to make an effort. 【答案】16. G 17. A 18. F 19. E 20. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了成功的人是如何实现自己的目标的。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Do you believe that setting goals is an important part of success? Having free time to relax and just accepting whatever happens can be nice on occasion.(你认为设定目标是成功的重要组成部分吗？偶尔有空闲时间放松一下，接受发生的一切也不错)”以及后文“And that involves goals and planning. (这包括目标和计划)”可知，前文提到有时放松和接受现状是好的，但后文提到成功涉及目标和计划，因此中间需要一个转折词。选项G中的“However”符合这一要求，故G选项“然而，大多数时候，如果你想实现梦想，你必须付出努力”符合语境，故选G。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Successful people start with a goal. They know that without one, they have no direction or focus with which to achieve anything.(成功的人从一个目标开始。他们知道，没有目标，他们就没有方向或焦点，无法取得任何成就)”以及后文“And your goal determines all of the steps you take towards it. Regardless of what type of goal you have, it’s important to be clear about it.(你的目标决定了你朝着目标所采取的所有步骤。不管你有什么样的目标，重要的是要明确它)”可知，前文提到成功的人都有一个目标，并且知道没有目标就没有方向或焦点，因此可以推断出目标是成功的基础。故A选项“这是他们成功的基础”符合语境，故选A。 【18题详解】 根据上文“When starting any plans to reach a goal, successful people know that it can help to map out the route to reach your destination. For example, what steps would you take? By having a plan, it gives you a clearer picture of where to start, and what milestones you can expect along the way. Goals allow you to experience success along the way.(当开始任何计划来达到一个目标时，成功人士知道它可以帮助你规划出到达目的地的路线。例如，你会采取什么步骤？有了一个计划，你就能更清楚地知道从哪里开始，以及在前进的道路上你可以期待哪些里程碑。目标让你在前进的道路上体验成功)”可知，前文提到成功的人知道在达到目标的过程中，制定计划可以帮助他们，并且有一个计划可以使他们更清楚地知道从哪里开始以及可以期待哪些里程碑。故F选项“提前把事情计划好可以帮助你更顺利地实现目标”符合语境，故选F。 【19题详解】 根据上文“Successful people know that having a goal is the motivator that drives you forward with confidence. When you know where you’re going, it can be exciting to see your progress as you move closer to the goal.(成功人士知道，目标是让你充满信心地前进的动力。当你知道你要去哪里，当你越来越接近目标时，看到你的进步是令人兴奋的)”以及后文“For example, with the road trip scenario, every time you get to the next town, you know you are making progress. And feeling successful can give you the confidence to do more. (例如，在公路旅行的场景中，每次你到达下一个城镇时，你都知道自己在进步。感觉成功可以给你信心去做更多的事情)”可知，前文提到知道你要去哪里时，看到自己在接近目标的过程中取得进步会令人兴奋，后文的例子表明知道接下来会发生什么可以让人感到更加轻松和自信。故E选项“知道下一个转角会发生什么可能会让你感觉压力小一些”符合语境，故选E。 【20题详解】 根据后文“By committing to the task or process involved in reaching a goal, you are telling yourself you intend to do it. Giving up or not putting enough effort into creating your step-by-step plan is not going to help you reach your goal.(通过致力于实现目标的任务或过程，你在告诉自己你打算去做。放弃或没有付出足够的努力来制定你的分步计划是不会帮助你实现目标的)”可知，本段的主旨是成功的人会投入实现目标的任务或过程，B选项中commitment对应后文committing。故B选项“成功人士通过承诺实现目标”符合语境，故选B。 第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从题中所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I’m up to my ankles in clay in southern Germany. It’s ____21____ and I’m completely wet. It’s not exactly what I pictured when I emailed paleontologist (古生物学者) Madelaine from my ____22____ Toronto bedroom last February. Having just finished her book Ancientbones, I asked if I could join her excavation (发掘古物). I wanted to be where the action was. A week later, her ____23____ came; I was very welcome. That’s why I found myself in the Hammerschmiede clay pit, my socks ____24____ with mud. For a moment, I wondered if I had made a ____25____. But then we ____26____ excavating, and the fossils appeared. It was a dream come true to witness the ____27____ of ancient life. Each morning, I climbed the 20-meter slope to the dig site. We moved the excavated clay-sand mixture into an opening, and high-pressure water ____28____ the sediment (沉淀物), leaving only stones, bones and shells. I ____29____ them for hours, sorting the bones by size and type. After a few days, I could ____30____ many of the 140 vertebrate species common to the site. In the evenings, all the volunteers — mostly locals — gathered to talk about that day’s ____31____. At times, it was a challenge not being ____32____ in German, but the practice paid off. By the end of the week, I was ____33____ conversational. It may be a strange way to vacation, but I was in my sweet ____34____. For me, this is the ____35____ way to travel: learning new skills, practicing a different language and truly getting to know a place. 21. A. pouring B. running C. flowing D. flooding 22. A. messy B. private C. tidy D. spacious 23. A. response B. letter C. recommendation D. turn 24. A. decorated B. coated C. marked D. occupied 25. A. joke B. fortune C. difference D. mistake 26. A. went on B. took over C. ended up D. set about 27. A. signals B. remains C. ruins D. leftovers 28. A. washed away B. picked up C. carried off D. wiped out 29. A. admired B. piled C. reflected D. screened 30. A. treasure B. illustrate C. encounter D. identify 31. A. adventures B. discoveries C. decisions D. trips 32. A. weak B. abundant C. fluent D. immersed 33. A. secretly B. suddenly C. nearly D. temporarily 34. A. fantasy B. spot C. leisure D. childhood 35. A. ideal B. possible C. safe D. long 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. C 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者从多伦多前往德国参加古生物发掘，虽环境艰苦，但见证化石、学习技能、练习德语，认为这是理想的旅行方式。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：雨下得正大，我浑身都湿透了。A. pouring下大雨；B. running跑；C. flowing流动；D. flooding淹没。根据后文“I’m completely wet”可知，全身湿透说明在下大雨，故选A。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这与我去年二月从整洁的多伦多卧室里给古生物学家玛德琳发电子邮件时所想象的情景并不完全一致。A. messy凌乱的；B. private私人的；C. tidy整洁的；D. spacious宽敞的。根据上文“I’m up to my ankles in clay in southern Germany.”可知，对比德国泥泞的发掘现场，作者是在自己整洁的多伦多卧室里发的邮件。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一周后，她给出了回复：非常欢迎你。A. response回复；B. letter信；C. recommendation推荐；D. turn轮流。根据上文“I asked if I could join her excavation”可知，一周后她的回复来了。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么我来到了哈默施迈德黏土矿场，我的袜子上沾满了泥土。A. decorated装饰；B. coated覆盖；C. marked标记；D. occupied占据。根据后文“with mud”可知，此处指作者的袜子沾满泥，应用coated with。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有那么一会儿，我怀疑自己是不是做错了什么。A. joke玩笑；B. fortune运气；C. difference不同；D. mistake错误。根据上文“I’m up to my ankles in clay in southern Germany.”以及“I’m completely wet.”可知，环境又湿又脏，作者一度怀疑自己是不是犯了个错误。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：但随后我们开始进行挖掘工作，结果那些化石就露了出来。A. went on继续；B. took over接管；C. ended up最终；D. set about开始。根据后文“excavating, and the fossils appeared”可知，他们开始进行挖掘工作，结果那些化石就露了出来。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：能够亲眼目睹那些古老生命的遗迹，这真是一场梦想成真的时刻。A. signals信号；B. remains遗迹；C. ruins废墟；D. leftovers剩菜。根据上文“the fossils appeared”可知，此处指那些古老生命的遗迹，故选B。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们将挖掘出的黏土沙混合物倒入一个开口处，然后用高压水冲洗掉沉积物，只留下石头、骨头和贝壳。A. washed away冲走；B. picked up捡起；C. carried off抢走；D. wiped out消灭。根据后文“the sediment, leaving only stones, bones and shells”可知，高压水冲走沉积物，只留下石头、骨头和贝壳。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我花了好几个小时对它们进行筛选，按照大小和种类对骨头进行了分类。A. admired欣赏；B. piled堆放；C. reflected反思；D. screened筛选。根据后文“them for hours, sorting the bones by size and type”可知，作者花数小时筛选它们。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：几天后，我能够辨认出该地点常见的140种脊椎动物中的许多种类。A. treasure珍视；B. illustrate说明；C. encounter遇见；D. identify识别。根据后文“many of the 140 vertebrate species common to the site”可知，作者识别出很多当地常见的脊椎动物物种。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：到了晚上，所有的志愿者（大多是当地居民）都会聚在一起，讨论当天的发现情况。A. adventures冒险；B. discoveries发现；C. decisions决定；D. trips旅行。根据上文“many of the 140 vertebrate species common to the site”可知，晚上大家聚在一起谈论当天的发现。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时，由于德语不够流利确实会是个难题，但这种努力还是得到了回报的。A. weak弱的；B. abundant丰富的；C. fluent流利的；D. immersed沉浸的。根据上文“it was a challenge not being”可知，德语不流利是个挑战。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：到周末的时候，我已经能够进行简单的交流了。A. secretly秘密地；B. suddenly突然；C. nearly几乎；D. temporarily暂时。根据上文“but the practice paid off. By the end of the week”可知，经过练习，作者能够进行简单交流，修饰fluent，表示“几乎流利”，符合学习进度。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种度假方式或许有些奇特，但对我来说却恰到好处。A. fantasy幻想；B. spot地点；C. leisure休闲；D. childhood童年。根据上文“It may be a strange way to vacation, but I was in my sweet”以及后文“learning new skills, practicing a different language and truly getting to know a place”可知，这种度假方式或许有些奇特，但对作者来说却恰到好处。短语in one’s sweet spot表示正合心意、得心应手。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，这就是一种理想的旅行方式：学习新技能、练习另一种语言，并真正地去了解一个地方。A. ideal理想的；B. possible可能的；C. safe安全的；D. long长的。根据后文“learning new skills, practicing a different language and truly getting to know a place”可知，对作者来说这是理想的旅行方式。故选A。 第二节（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The multifunctionality of bamboo is recognized in China, where the giant woody grass has been widely employed since the 11th century BC. ___36___ (bless) with a wealth of bamboo forests, China is the world’s largest producer of bamboo products and this resource secures its dominant position in the global market. Evolving into an eco-friendly replacement, bamboo ___37___ (celebrate) for its superior green nature. Its edge lies not only in toughness and strength ___38___ in rapid growth and renewability. As opposed to trees (such as oak or teak), ___39___ can take over a decade to mature, it reaches a harvest-ready stage in just four to six years, thus ___40___ (permit) repeated harvests without replanting. In Anji, a county in northwestern Zhejiang Province, bamboo ___41___ (replace) plastic in various products in recent years. With 666 square kilometers of bamboo forests covering an area about 80 percent of ___42___ size of New York City and a long-standing history of bamboo use, Anji serves as a model in advancing bamboo as an alternative ___43___ plastic. On the farm, bamboo-based film (薄膜) replaces plastic film in the ___44___ (preserve) of heat and water. The industrial development of bamboo benefits local communities as well, ____45____ (economic) revitalizing (使复兴) rural areas through bamboo harvesting. Scenes of harmony between humankind and nature are emerging in Anji, where bamboo-driven development is promoted to initiate dialogues with nature and champion a greener future. 【答案】36. Blessed 37. is celebrated 38. but 39. which 40. permitting 41. has replaced 42. the 43. to 44. preservation 45. economically 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了竹子在中国尤其是安吉县的多功能应用，强调其作为环保材料在替代塑料、促进可持续发展方面的优势，并指出竹产业的发展还带动了地方经济振兴。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国拥有丰富的竹林资源，是世界上最大的竹制品生产国，这一资源确保了其全球市场的主导地位。句子主干成分完整，空处是非谓语，固定短语be blessed with意为“被赋予/拥有……”，bless和China逻辑上是被动关系，因此用bless的过去分词形式，作原因状语，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Blessed。 【37题详解】 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：竹子逐渐成为一种环保替代品，因其卓越的绿色特性而受到赞誉。空处作句子的谓语，结合全文时态主要为一般现在时可知，此处同样描述当前的事实，时态应用一般现在时，celebrate“称赞”和主语bamboo之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是不可数名词，be动词应用is。故填is celebrated。 【38题详解】 考查连词。句意：它的优势不仅在于韧性和强度，还在于快速生长和可再生性。根据前面的“not only”可知，此处应用固定结构not only... but (also)...，表示“不仅……而且……”。故填but。 【39题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：与可能需要十多年才能成熟的树木（如橡木或柚木）不同，竹子仅需四到六年即可达到可收获阶段，从而允许无需重新种植即可重复收获。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词trees作补充说明，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：与可能需要十多年才能成熟的树木（如橡木或柚木）不同，竹子仅需四到六年即可达到可收获阶段，从而允许无需重新种植即可重复收获。句子主干成分完整，结合“thus”可知，空处表示随着谓语行为自然发生的结果，作结果状语，应用permit“允许”的现在分词形式。故填permitting。 【41题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在浙江省西北部的安吉县，近年来竹子已在多种产品中取代了塑料。空处作句子的谓语，结合“in recent years”可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作持续到现在，且主语bamboo不可数，助动词应用has。故填has replaced。 【42题详解】 考查冠词。句意：安吉拥有666平方公里的竹林，面积约为纽约市的80%，且具有悠久的竹子使用历史，是推动竹子作为塑料替代品的典范。the size of...为固定搭配，表示“……的大小”。故填the。 【43题详解】 考查介词。句意：安吉拥有666平方公里的竹林，面积约为纽约市的80%，且具有悠久的竹子使用历史，是推动竹子作为塑料替代品的典范。an alternative to...是固定搭配，表示“……的替代品”。故填to。 【44题详解】 考查名词。句意：在农场，竹基薄膜在保温和保湿方面取代了塑料薄膜。空处作in的宾语，空前有定冠词the，名词preservation符合题意，意为“保持，维持”，是不可数名词。故填preservation。 【45题详解】 考查副词。句意：竹子的工业发展也使当地社区受益，通过竹子采伐在经济上振兴了农村地区。空处修饰现在分词revitalizing，应用副词economically，意为“经济上”。故填economically。 第三部分 写作（满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，现在一所英国高中做交换生。因宿舍生活存在困扰，计划向宿管老师申请调换宿舍。请你写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 申请原因； 2. 表达感谢与期待。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Sir/ Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Ms. Wang, I’m Li Hua, a student from Class 3, Grade 2 in Dorm 402. I’m writing to formally request/ apply for a dormitory change. My roommate often stays up late playing games loudly, which severely disrupts my sleep. Consequently, I feel exhausted in class and struggle to focus on my studies. Despite repeated attempts to communicate with him, the situation has shown no improvement. I would be deeply grateful if you could help me find a more suitable dorm. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给宿管老师写一封邮件，申请调换宿舍，说明申请原因，并表达感谢与期待。 【详解】1.词汇积累 严重地：severely → seriously 扰乱：disrupt → disturb 专注于：focus on → concentrate on 感激的：grateful → appreciative 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Despite repeated attempts to communicate with him, the situation has shown no improvement. 拓展句：Although I have made repeated attempts to communicate with him, the situation has shown no improvement. 【点睛】【高分句型1】My roommate often stays up late playing games loudly, which severely disrupts my sleep.(运用了which引导的定语从句) 【高分句型2】I would be deeply grateful if you could help me find a more suitable dorm. (运用了if引导的状语从句) 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Jane had a deep affection for birds. Every morning, she scattered (抛撒) seeds in her backyard and whispered, “Good morning, my little friends!” To her, their songs sounded like cheerful laughter, and she often laughed along with them. However, her neighbor, Mr. Thompson, didn’t share her joy. He was constantly annoyed by the birds that flew into his yard. “They’re too noisy!” he complained. “And they make such a mess in MY yard!” His sharp words made Jane feel quite uneasy, yet she refused to give up on her feathered friends. She firmly believed that every small creature deserved care. One morning, Jane discovered a small sparrow (麻雀) shaking under the fence. One of its wings looked bent at a painful angle. Filled with worry, Jane carefully picked it up and named it Pip. She placed him in a small, warm basket in a safe corner right next to the fence. A week passed. Pip was getting better but still unable to fly. One afternoon, while Jane was feeding Pip by the fence, Mr. Thompson shouted from his side, “You’re just asking for trouble!” Jane gently lifted Pip in her hands so Mr. Thompson could see him through the gaps in the fence. “Look, Mr. Thompson. Pip’s wing is hurt.” Mr. Thompson cast an impatient glance at the tiny creature. For a moment, his frown (皱眉) softened. “That wing...” he said softly, almost to himself. Just then, Jane’s mother called her from the driveway, saying they were leaving for a family visit. Jane waved a quick goodbye to Pip and hurried to the car. However, on their way home, a heavy storm broke out. Watching the trees shaking in the strong wind, Jane felt very worried about Pip, who was left all alone in the yard. The moment they pulled into the driveway, she dashed toward the backyard, calling Pip’s name. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 To her horror, the basket was empty. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ At this moment, Mr. Thompson appeared with Pip. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 To her horror, the basket was empty. Jane’s heart sank as she frantically searched the yard, her voice trembling with fear as she called Pip’s name. Tears welled up in her eyes as she imagined the worst, fearing that Pip might have been blown away by the storm or hurt by the falling branches. She knelt down, scanning the ground for any sign of the little sparrow, her hands shaking as she picked up twigs and leaves. At this moment, Mr. Thompson appeared with Pip. He held the sparrow gently in his hands, his expression a mix of concern and embarrassment. “I found him hiding under my porch,” he said, his voice softer than usual. “The storm was too strong for him.” Jane rushed over, tears of relief streaming down her face as she took Pip back. She looked up at Mr. Thompson, her eyes shining with gratitude. “Thank you.” she whispered, her heart overflowing with joy and newfound respect for her neighbor. 【解析】 【导语】本文以Jane与邻居Mr. Thompson围绕鸟类的矛盾冲突为线索展开。Jane对鸟类满怀热爱，不仅每日在院子抛撒种子与鸟儿互动，还悉心救助了一只受伤的麻雀Pip。然而，邻居Mr. Thompson却对鸟儿极为厌烦，觉得它们吵闹且把院子弄得杂乱不堪。一次，Jane因外出遭遇暴风雨，回家后发现安置Pip的篮子空了，她顿时心急如焚，害怕Pip遭遇不测。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“令她惊恐的是，篮子是空的。”可知，第一段可着重描写Jane发现篮子空了之后，内心极度惊恐，进而在院子里疯狂寻找Pip，脑海中不断浮现各种Pip可能遭遇不幸的可怕场景。 ②由第二段首句内容“这时，汤普森先生带着Pip出现了。”可知，第二段可描写汤普森先生讲述找到Pip的过程，Jane对汤普森先生表达感激之情，同时她对汤普森先生的看法也发生了转变。 2. 续写线索： Jane发现篮子空了——内心焦急、流泪寻找——担忧Pip遭遇危险——Mr. Thompson带着Pip出现——Mr. Thompson说明救助经过——Jane欣慰落泪、道谢——邻里关系缓和 3. 词汇激活： 行为类 ①颤抖：tremble/shiver ②涌出：well up/spring up ③浏览：scan/look through 情绪类 ①恐惧：fear/dread ②宽慰：relief/comfort 【点睛】【高分句型1】Jane’s heart sank as she frantically searched the yard, her voice trembling with fear as she called Pip’s name.（运用了两个as引导的时间状语从句以及独立主格结构） 【高分句型2】She knelt down, scanning the ground for any sign of the little sparrow, her hands shaking as she picked up twigs and leaves.（运用了现在分词作状语、独立主格结构以及as引导的时间状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高三下学期3月份单元质量检测英语试题 英语试题 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分60分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分） 阅读下列短文，从题中所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A VEVYE is supplied as eye drops and used to treat the signs and symptoms (症状) of dry eye disease. It is a different kind of dry eye treatment that works quickly and gently so you can get the relief you’ve been looking for. The VEVYE Access for All program also offers fast, easy and affordable access to treatment. Speed up relief: In clinical studies, patients experienced corneal (角膜) repair with VEVYE in as little as 15 days. Maximize comfort: In clinical studies, 99.8% of patients reported no or only mild pain/ burning when applying VEVYE. Affordable access: Commercially insured patients may pay as little as $0, and uninsured patients can access a $59 Cash-pay option. HOW TO USE VEVYE? Use VEVYE eye drops exactly as directed by your doctor. Wash your hands before using the eye drops. The usual dose (剂量) is 1 drop into each eye twice daily, approximately 12 hours apart. If used with other eye drops then allow a 15-minute gap between products. SAFETY PROFILE Do not touch the bottle tip to the eye or other surfaces to avoid potential for eye injury. VEVYE should not be applied while wearing contacts. Remove contacts prior to using VEVYE. After applying VEVYE to the eyes, wait 15 minutes before putting contacts back in. Side effect: The most common side effects include eye pain (8%) and temporary blurred vision (3%). Safety and effectiveness: Safety and effectiveness in patients below the age of 18 years have not been established. No overall difference in safety or effectiveness has been observed between elderly and younger patients. To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Harrow at 1-833-442-7769 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 1. What can patients expect when using VEVYE? A. Mental relief. B. Fast recovery. C. Free insurance. D. Improved vision. 2. How should patients use VEVYE properly? A. Stop using contacts. B. Wash eyes before using it. C. Keep the tip away from eyes. D. Wait 15 minutes after the first drop. 3. Where is the text probably from? A. A website of a drug company. B. A patient review platform. C. An advertisement of a drugstore. D. A medical journal. B My dad is a crossword-lover. When I was a little girl, Dad would read his crossword puzzles to me from a magazine. I can still remember how he turned his pencil excitedly as he discovered a new phrase. If my attention weakened, he would say, “Feeling sleepy? Never mind, I’ll keep reading. Some of the words may crawl into your mind.” Bit by bit, Dad introduced me to the power of words and guided my life’s calling, a purpose I never questioned or bothered to pursue. Years passing, I grew into a professional writer. I found that he never asked me to suggest a word or help him with a puzzle when I was working. For him, my words were precious; each held value. But it did not matter much to me how much I got paid for writing. I wrote because I loved word-craft and making up stories that brought ideas to life. Recently when an editor surprised me with a lower rate of pay for a piece of essay that they chose to publish online rather than in print, I was kind of hurt! But I comforted myself by looking at the bright side — so many people read the piece and shared joyful emotions and praise on social media. Although some worldly-wise friends told me that I was paid peanuts, I myself felt well rewarded. While I was content, a certain anxiety would secretly emerge: would the thought of earnings cheapen the dignity of my work? Dad’s solution was: “Why not both? Money isn’t everything, but isn’t it good to have enough to help yourself and those close to you? And for your talents and efforts to be valued?” Dad believed not only that more wealth did not mean greater happiness, but also that no effort should be undervalued. Today, when doubts cloud my mind, I think of Dad’s pencil: its purpose may be to solve a crossword puzzle, but it was also there for anyone writing down a life-changing number in a lottery ticket (彩票). So couldn’t my words help complete my life purpose and earn a better living too? Now I take up assignments — some that pay well, some that don’t — and they both fill me with joy. 4. Dad didn’t turn to the author to solve puzzles probably because he________. A. didn’t know the fun of sharing games B. failed to see her willingness to help C. didn’t want to interrupt her literary creation D. trusted his own ability to solve puzzles 5. “I was paid peanuts” in paragraph 3 indicates that________. A. my writing deserved a better pay B. I got some nuts from my writing C. my writing ability was overrated D. I earned more than I should have 6. What does the author mainly convey in the last paragraph? A. Dad uses a pencil to balance his life wisely. B. Her life purpose is realized through writing. C. She sees both her words’ material and spiritual value. D. Multiple roles of a pencil may help change one’s life. 7. What can we learn about Dad and the author? A. Dad developed her attention by reading. B. Dad advised her to be a professional writer. C. Dad improved her ability to solve word puzzles. D. Dad helped shape her view on writing for a living. C Nature words like river, moss and blossom have appeared less frequently in books over the past years. This decline, according to a study by professor Miles Richardson from the University of Derby, mirrors a broader change he has traced through 220 years of records on urbanisation, the loss of wildlife in neighbourhoods, and parents no longer passing on engagement with nature to their children. The computer modelling in the study also predicts an “extinction of experience”, with future generations continuing to lose an awareness of nature because it is not present in increasingly built-up neighbourhoods, while parents no longer pass on an “orientation(倾向)” towards the natural world. This is consistent with findings from other studies, which identify adult nature connectedness as the strongest predictor of whether a child will become close to nature. Richardson said that when he tested policy and urban environmental changes in the model he was surprised at the scale of the changes required to restore the connection to nature. Increasing biodiverse green spaces in a city by 30% might look like significant positive progress for wildlife and people but Richardson said his study suggests a city might need to be 10 times greener to turn around declines in nature connection. Efforts to simply encourage adults to engage with nature are often insufficient for lasting change. More effective are measures that build nature connection from an early age, such as forest schools for young children. Research indicates that government initiatives reshaping early education and urban design must be consistently applied over the next 25 years. Once established, this connection can become self-sustaining. Richardson said the scale of societal change required might not be as challenging as it appeared. A study on people in Sheffield found that they spent just 4 minutes and 36 seconds on average in natural spaces each day. “Increase that by ten, and people are spending 40 minutes outside every day — that may be enough,” he said. “The key is to make these gains last across generations,” he added. 8. What change has Richardson traced in his study? A. Nature words have disappeared from books. B. People have less direct contact with nature. C. Urbanisation has damaged wildlife habitats. D. Parents spend more time outdoors with kids. 9. What might cause future generations to have “extinction of experience” in the model? A. They are raised away from nature. B. They can’t adapt to changes in nature. C. High-rise buildings fill neighbourhoods. D. Schools offer few nature science lessons. 10. What is a most effective solution to the issue according to the text? A. Advancing long-term policies. B. Launching eco-friendly campaigns. C. Focusing on raising adults’ awareness. D. Enlarging green space in certain areas. 11. Richardson mentioned the study on people in Sheffield to show ________. A. nature contact varies from city to city B. people’s living habits are hard to change C. a new way to measure nature time is needed D. small efforts help improve contact with nature D We’ve all seen this happen in a science-fiction movie: The super heroes jump into a shaky spaceship and escape the bad guys by flying through the asteroid (小行星) belt, where huge rocks fall and spin so close that the crew has to duck and dive to avoid being broken into pieces. It’s exciting, but it’s wrong: In our solar system, the odds are pretty good that you could stand on the surface of an asteroid and not even be able to see another. Yet they do interact if given enough time. Even in the main asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, crashes are ineluctable. And when two space rocks go “crash” in the main belt, big impacts blow lots of asteroid fragments (碎片) out into space. In many cases, these fragments stay on much the same orbital path as the parent asteroid, although they gradually separate from it because of slight speed differences. After thousands of years, some fragments might be clear across the Sun, but their distance from the Sun and the shape and direction of their orbits remain similar. Such conserved features are collectively called an asteroid’s orbital elements. The groupings sharing orbital elements are identified as “families”, which are named after the largest asteroid in the group. Studying asteroids by focusing on their families can help us make a good guess about what properties a newly-found one has if it belongs to a better-studied family. Care must be taken, though. Some very large asteroids have differentiated materials in the center and on the surface, so confirming those guesses usually requires taking spectra, the time-consuming process of breaking an object’s incoming light into individual colors to reveal its composition. It’s more than a mere academic exercise to find this particular branch of an asteroid family tree: Some asteroids are potentially risky, meaning they could crash with Earth some time in the distant future. If we know how they find their way to the inner solar system from the main belt to pose threats in the first place, we can defend our planet from future worrisome asteroids. 12. What is the author’s view on the scene in the sci-fi movie? A. It goes against the established facts. B. It overstates the super heroes’ role. C. It downplays the special visual effects. D. It fuels people’s interest in the asteroid. 13. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “ineluctable” in paragraph 2? A. Unavoidable. B. Uncommon. C. Incredible. D. Invisible. 14. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The definition of orbital elements. B. The formation of asteroid families. C. The naming rule of asteroid groups. D. The moving pattern of asteroid fragments. 15. What can be inferred about the study of asteroid family? A. It is a high-risk practice. B. It is built on assumptions. C. Its value can’t be overstated. D. Its coverage needs to be expanded. 第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Do you believe that setting goals is an important part of success? Having free time to relax and just accepting whatever happens can be nice on occasion. ____16____ And that involves goals and planning. Successful people start with a goal. They know that without one, they have no direction or focus with which to achieve anything. ____17____ And your goal determines all of the steps you take towards it. Regardless of what type of goal you have, it’s important to be clear about it. When starting any plans to reach a goal, successful people know that it can help to map out the route to reach your destination. For example, what steps would you take? By having a plan, it gives you a clearer picture of where to start, and what milestones you can expect along the way. Goals allow you to experience success along the way. ____18____ Successful people know that having a goal is the motivator that drives you forward with confidence. When you know where you’re going, it can be exciting to see your progress as you move closer to the goal. ____19____ For example, with the road trip scenario, every time you get to the next town, you know you are making progress. And feeling successful can give you the confidence to do more. ____20____ By committing to the task or process involved in reaching a goal, you are telling yourself you intend to do it. Giving up or not putting enough effort into creating your step-by-step plan is not going to help you reach your goal. A. It’s the very basis of their success. B. Successful people achieve goals with commitment. C. They can make sure you get the training and experience they need. D. From time to time you need to see how much you have committed to your goal. E. Knowing what to expect around the next corner might make you feels less stressed. F. Having things planned out ahead of time can help you to reach your goal more smoothly. G. However, most of the time if you want to reach your dreams, you have to make an effort. 第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从题中所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I’m up to my ankles in clay in southern Germany. It’s ____21____ and I’m completely wet. It’s not exactly what I pictured when I emailed paleontologist (古生物学者) Madelaine from my ____22____ Toronto bedroom last February. Having just finished her book Ancientbones, I asked if I could join her excavation (发掘古物). I wanted to be where the action was. A week later, her ____23____ came; I was very welcome. That’s why I found myself in the Hammerschmiede clay pit, my socks ____24____ with mud. For a moment, I wondered if I had made a ____25____. But then we ____26____ excavating, and the fossils appeared. It was a dream come true to witness the ____27____ of ancient life. Each morning, I climbed the 20-meter slope to the dig site. We moved the excavated clay-sand mixture into an opening, and high-pressure water ____28____ the sediment (沉淀物), leaving only stones, bones and shells. I ____29____ them for hours, sorting the bones by size and type. After a few days, I could ____30____ many of the 140 vertebrate species common to the site. In the evenings, all the volunteers — mostly locals — gathered to talk about that day’s ____31____. At times, it was a challenge not being ____32____ in German, but the practice paid off. By the end of the week, I was ____33____ conversational. It may be a strange way to vacation, but I was in my sweet ____34____. For me, this is the ____35____ way to travel: learning new skills, practicing a different language and truly getting to know a place. 21. A. pouring B. running C. flowing D. flooding 22. A. messy B. private C. tidy D. spacious 23. A. response B. letter C. recommendation D. turn 24. A. decorated B. coated C. marked D. occupied 25. A. joke B. fortune C. difference D. mistake 26. A. went on B. took over C. ended up D. set about 27. A. signals B. remains C. ruins D. leftovers 28. A. washed away B. picked up C. carried off D. wiped out 29. A. admired B. piled C. reflected D. screened 30. A. treasure B. illustrate C. encounter D. identify 31. A. adventures B. discoveries C. decisions D. trips 32. A. weak B. abundant C. fluent D. immersed 33. A. secretly B. suddenly C. nearly D. temporarily 34. A. fantasy B. spot C. leisure D. childhood 35. A. ideal B. possible C. safe D. long 第二节（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The multifunctionality of bamboo is recognized in China, where the giant woody grass has been widely employed since the 11th century BC. ___36___ (bless) with a wealth of bamboo forests, China is the world’s largest producer of bamboo products and this resource secures its dominant position in the global market. Evolving into an eco-friendly replacement, bamboo ___37___ (celebrate) for its superior green nature. Its edge lies not only in toughness and strength ___38___ in rapid growth and renewability. As opposed to trees (such as oak or teak), ___39___ can take over a decade to mature, it reaches a harvest-ready stage in just four to six years, thus ___40___ (permit) repeated harvests without replanting. In Anji, a county in northwestern Zhejiang Province, bamboo ___41___ (replace) plastic in various products in recent years. With 666 square kilometers of bamboo forests covering an area about 80 percent of ___42___ size of New York City and a long-standing history of bamboo use, Anji serves as a model in advancing bamboo as an alternative ___43___ plastic. On the farm, bamboo-based film (薄膜) replaces plastic film in the ___44___ (preserve) of heat and water. The industrial development of bamboo benefits local communities as well, ____45____ (economic) revitalizing (使复兴) rural areas through bamboo harvesting. Scenes of harmony between humankind and nature are emerging in Anji, where bamboo-driven development is promoted to initiate dialogues with nature and champion a greener future. 第三部分 写作（满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，现在一所英国高中做交换生。因宿舍生活存在困扰，计划向宿管老师申请调换宿舍。请你写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 申请原因； 2. 表达感谢与期待。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Sir/ Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Jane had a deep affection for birds. Every morning, she scattered (抛撒) seeds in her backyard and whispered, “Good morning, my little friends!” To her, their songs sounded like cheerful laughter, and she often laughed along with them. However, her neighbor, Mr. Thompson, didn’t share her joy. He was constantly annoyed by the birds that flew into his yard. “They’re too noisy!” he complained. “And they make such a mess in MY yard!” His sharp words made Jane feel quite uneasy, yet she refused to give up on her feathered friends. She firmly believed that every small creature deserved care. One morning, Jane discovered a small sparrow (麻雀) shaking under the fence. One of its wings looked bent at a painful angle. Filled with worry, Jane carefully picked it up and named it Pip. She placed him in a small, warm basket in a safe corner right next to the fence. A week passed. Pip was getting better but still unable to fly. One afternoon, while Jane was feeding Pip by the fence, Mr. Thompson shouted from his side, “You’re just asking for trouble!” Jane gently lifted Pip in her hands so Mr. Thompson could see him through the gaps in the fence. “Look, Mr. Thompson. Pip’s wing is hurt.” Mr. Thompson cast an impatient glance at the tiny creature. For a moment, his frown (皱眉) softened. “That wing...” he said softly, almost to himself. Just then, Jane’s mother called her from the driveway, saying they were leaving for a family visit. Jane waved a quick goodbye to Pip and hurried to the car. However, on their way home, a heavy storm broke out. Watching the trees shaking in the strong wind, Jane felt very worried about Pip, who was left all alone in the yard. The moment they pulled into the driveway, she dashed toward the backyard, calling Pip’s name. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 To her horror, the basket was empty. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ At this moment, Mr. Thompson appeared with Pip. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $