内容正文:
零起点·英语
Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a
good way to have her written English
in a short period.
【答案】improved
【解析】宾语her written English与im
prove之间为被动关系,故应用过去分词作
宾补。
三、with的复合结构
“with+宾语(名词或代词)+非谓语动
词”,此时的非谓语动词也有形式上的变化。
With all the work finished,he happily
went home.所有工作都做完了,他愉快地
回家了。(work与finish之间是被动关系)
The man felt very happy with so many
children sitting around him.有这么多的孩子
坐在他周围,那个男人感到很高兴。(chil
dren与sit之间是主动关系))
The little boy looks sad,with so much
homework to do..有这么多的家庭作业要做,
小男孩看上去很难过。(homework与do之
间是主动关系,且动作发生在将来)
例2 With the boy
(lead)
us,we found the house easily.
【答案】leading
【解析】with结构在句中作状语,现在
分词作宾语补足语,宾语和lead之间是主动
关系,且是正在进行的动作。
第四节
非谓
知识梳理
一、动词不定式作状语
不定式可作目的状语、结果状语等,
82
巩固练习
用括号中动词的适当形式填空。
1.The teacher asked us
not
make)so much noise
2.He allowed me
(stay)and
watch.
3.I saw her
water)flowers in the
garden when I passed by.
4.He raised his voice to make himself
(hear).
5.Listen!Do you hear someone
call)for help?
6.Did you have your homework
(finish)?
7.-Look!There is a man
per-
form)Taiji near the river.
一Wow!It's my teacher,Mr.Wu.
8.With so many people
(look)at
him,he felt very nervous.
9.They use computers to keep the traffic
(run)smoothly.
10.With a lot of difficult problems
solve),the newly elected president is
having a hard time.
语动词作状语
还可以用在某些作表语的形容词后面作原
因状语。
I stayed there to see what would happen.
我待在那里,想看看会发生什么。(目的)
I am very glad to see you.我很高兴见
到你。(原因)
He hurried to the station only to find the
train gone.
他匆忙赶到火车站,结果发现火
车已经开走了。(only to表结果,引导结果
状语从句)
动词不定式作结果状语,往往表示出
乎意料的、令人不快的结果。
【翻译】西蒙制作了一个大竹盒来养
这只生病的小鸟,直到它能飞起来。
Simon made a big bamboo box
the little sick bird till it could fly.
【答案】to keep
【解析】made a big bamboo box的目的
是keep the little sick bird,因此用不定式表
示目的状语。
二、分词作状语
分词在句中可以作时间状语、原因状
语、条件状语、让步状语、伴随状语等(常
与主句用逗号隔开),并且分词作状语时,
也有形式上的变化。
分词作状语,其逻辑主语是句子的主
语。现在分词与句子的主语是主动关系,
过去分词与句子的主语是被动关系。
Hearing the news,she burst into tears.
听到这个消息,她流泪了。(she和hear是
主动关系)
Written in a hurry,this article was not so
g0od.因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好。
(this article和write是被动关系)
The teacher came into the lab,followed
by some students.老师走进实验室,后面跟
着一些学生。(过去分词,伴随状语)
The manager walked into the room,hold-
第十三章非谓语动词
ing his head high.经理走进了房间,把头抬
得高高的。(现在分词作伴随状语)
【翻译】建于1911年的清华大学培养
了一大批杰出的人才。
Tsinghua University,
in1911,
is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
【答案】founded
【解析】Tsinghua University与found之
间存在着被动关系,且动作已经完成,故
用过去分词。
三、不定式作表语形容词的状语
在句型“主语+be+ad.+todo”中,主
动表示被动。此类形容词有:easy,hard,
difficult,safe,interesting,pleasant,comforta-
ble,dangerous,impossible等。
The washing machine is very easy to use.
这种洗衣机很容易使用。(machine与use
之间是被动关系,但用不定式的主动形式
来表达)
巩固练习
用括号中动词的适当形式填空。
1.
(complete)the project in time,
the staff were working at weekends.
2
make)it easier to get in touch
with us,you'd better keep this card at
hand.
3.Sarah pretended to be cheerful,
say)nothing about the argument.
4.
(open)in 1955,Disneyland in
California is regarded as the most interest-
ing.
5.They cut off the electricity,
83
零起点·英语
prevent)a fire in time.
6.
(sleep)late in the morning,Bob
turned off the alarm.
7.Like ancient sailors,birds can find their
way
(use)the sun and the stars.
8.The man is difficult
(get)along
with.
9.He hurried to the booking office only
tell)that all the tickets had
been sold out.
10.He got up early
catch)the
first bus.
11.
(give)a chance,I can surprise
the world.
12.
come)into the room,he
found his father angry.
13.Seriously
(injure),she had to
be sent to hospital at once.
14.
(found)in 1636,Harvard is
84
one of the most famous universities in the
United States.
15.
lose)in the fog,we were
forced to spend two hours in the woods.
16.Tom took a taxi to the airport,only
(find)his plane high up in
the sky.
17.The three travelers finally reached the
home of Bertha's mother around dusk,
cover)65 miles in less than
12 hours.
18.This machine is very easy
(op-
erate).Anybody can learn to use it in a
few minutes.
19.Film has a much shorter history,especially
when
compare)to such art
forms as music and painting.
20.George returned after the war,only
tell that his wife had
left him.第四节非谓语动词作状语
巩固练习
1.To complete不定式作目的状语。2.To make3.saying
4.0 pened5.preventing非谓语动词作结果状语。6.To
sleep 7.using 8.to get easy,difficult,hard,comfort-
able等形容词构成的复合宾语里,用不定式作状语,并且用
主动表示被动意义。9.to be told10.to catch11.Given
12.Coming13.injured injure与句子主语she之间为被动
关系,因此用injured。l4.Founded15.Lost非谓语动
词作状语,逻辑主语是句子的主语w,非谓语动词与逻辑
主语之间是被动关系,故用过去分词。l6.to find此处
的分句为结果状语,不定式表示意想不到的结果。
l7.having covered cover与three travelers之间是主动关系,
并且发生在句子谓语动作之前,应用现在分词的完成时。
l8.to operate在句型“主语+be+ad.+odo”中,用主动表
被动。I9.compared film与compare之间是被动关系。
此处也可理解成状语从句的省略,全句可看成when film is
compared to....20.to be told
第十四章主谓一致
巩固练习
1.is;takes句意:成功是每天一点点小的努力的总和,而
且往往要花好长时间才能获得,记住这点很重要。
remember后面的宾语从句中,success充当主语且为单数
形式,又因本句话陈述的内容为客观事实,因此其后的两
个谓语动词be和take都应用第三人称单数形式。
2.is;are
3.were句意:昨天晚上参加会议的人都强烈反对他的计
划。根据句意可知,此处的AⅡ指人,代替复数名词,根据
句中的时间状语last night可知是一般过去时,所以用
wereo
4.belongs 5.is taught 6.is 7.knows
8.s句意:不仅学生们,而且老师本人也开始对足球表现
出兴趣。not only..but also.连接两个名词或代词作主语
时,谓语动词要遵循就近一致原则,所以填s。
9.is working
l0.were sent句意:受伤的人被送到医院后不久,医生就开
始给他们做手术。the injured意为“受伤的人”,是复数
概念。由于send和the injured之间有动宾关系,所以用
一般过去时的被动语态。
11.are 12.is 13.lies
14.was句意:那位篮球教练以及他的球队在比赛后不久就
因为他们杰出的表现而受到采访。as well as连接两个名
词或代词作主语时,谓语动词的数由第一个名词或代词决
定。由时间状语yesterday可知用一般过去时。
15.has 16.has been tried 17.has 18.agrees
19.are 20.is 21.were used 22.am
第十五章倒装句和省略句
巩固练习
1.B倒装语序的用法。not until位于句首时要用半倒装的
句型,把助动词did提到主语Mum的前面。故选B。
2.B副词then位于句首,且当句子的主语是名词时,句子
用全部倒装,故选B。
3.C考查时态及倒装。never是否定副词,置于句首,句子
要部分倒装:由语意可知说话人以前从未喝过这样特别的
饮料,应该用现在完成时,故选C。
4.D本题考查的是以oly引导的状语从句引起的部分倒
装,应把主句中动词的助动词提前至句首,故选D。
5.D here,there,thus,then等副词位于句首,且当句子的
主语是名词时,句子用全部倒装句,故选D。
6.A考查倒装句。为了表示强调,把作状语的介词短语提
到句首,此时句子采用完全倒装的语序。
7.D seldom,hardly,never,.no等具有否定意义的词位于句
首,句子用部分倒装语序。
8.C在含有“oy+状语”的句子中,需要部分倒装。这句话
的意思是:只有用这种方法才能改善操作系统。
9.D本题考查固定句式。“so+系动词/助动词/情态动词+
主语”表示“…也…”;“s0+主语+系动词/助动词/情
态动词”表示“…的确如此”,由此及句意可知,A、B两
项不对;上句为实义动词promised,下句应用助动词did,
故选D。
10.B否定副词置于句首时,谓语动词要用部分倒装结构。
11.D否定副词itle提前,主句用部分倒装。
12.B句意:Bil对Jason耽误了报告的事不高兴,我也是
(我也不高兴)。表示“某人也不…时”,应该用
“neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”倒装。
13.B not until位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装语序。
14.C句意:据宣布,只有在火势被控制住的时候居民们才
被允许回到家中。that从句中only引导的时间状语从句
位于句首,that从句需用部分倒装结构。
15.A little是具有否定意义的词,位于句首时句子用部分
倒装句,且时态为过去时,故选A。
l6.A as told=as they were told,此处是as引导的方式状语
从句的省略。当从句主语与主句主语一致,且谓语动词
含有be时,将从句的主语和be省略。又因为workers与
tel之间是被动关系,且时态为过去时,故选A。
17.C省略句式。在f引导的条件状语从句中,从句应还原
为if I am not tired from work,根据省略的原则,故选C。
18.C本题考查f条件句中的省略情况。本句的句子的主
语是the experiment;谓语动词是shows.。that引导宾语从
句,宾语从句的主千:proper amounts of exercise can
improve our health;if__regularly是插入的条件从
句,从句的主语是proper amounts of exercise,此时应用
thy代替前面提到的主语,条件句的主语与主句的主语