第9章 虚拟语气-【高考零起点】2026年新高考英语总复习（艺考）

零起点·英语 第九章 虚拟语气 知识梳理 、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用 从句（条件） 主句（结果）》 f+主语+动词的过去式(be用were) 主语+would/should/could/might-+动词原形 与现在事 (If sb.did sth.) (sb.would/should/could/might do sth.) 实相反 1.If I were you,I should study English. 2.I would certainly go if I had time. 主语+would/should/could/might+have+动词的过 f+主语+had+动词的过去分词 去分词 与过去事 If sb.had done sth. (sb.would/should/could/might have done sth.) 实相反 1.If you had taken my advice,you would not have failed in the test. 2.If I had left a little earlier,I would have caught the train. 道引导 的条件 f+主语+ 句 1.动词的过去式(be动词用were) 主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形 与将来事 2.should+动词原形 (sb.would/should/could/might do sth. 实相反 3.were to+-动词原形 1.If it were to rain tomorrow,the sports meeting would be put off. 2.If you came tomorrow,we would have the meeting. 在f引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把虚拟条件句中的连词f省去，而将had, 条件从句 should,were提到主语之前。 中省略迁 如：原句：If she were younger,.she would do it.. 去掉if:Were she younger,,she would do it.. 根据从句与主句表示的不同时间，参照f引导的条件句的三种情况进行调整。 错综时间条件句（从 句与主句所表示的 1.If you had worked hard yesterday,you would be tired now. 时间不一致) 2.If she had followed the doctor's advice,she would be quite all right now. (从句—对过去虚拟；主句—对现在的虚拟) 有时虚拟条件句并没用f从句表示出来，而是用某些词或短语(otherwise,or,without,.but for 等)、上下文或其他方式来表示。此时，应根据句子表达的实际情况，参照f引导的条件句的 三种情况，选用主句中相应的动词形式。 含蓄条件句 1.Without air,there would be no living things 2.I would have given you more help,but I was busy. 3.I was very busy yesterday.Otherwise I would have come to see you. 52 第九章 虚拟语气 【翻译】 用过去完成时(had done)。 1.如果明天下雨，我们就会推迟运 I wished I had known the answer 动会。 ③对将来情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词 If it tomorrow,we would 用“would/could/might+动词原形”(would have to put off the sports meeting. do,一般不用should)。 【答案】rained/should rain/were to rain We wish our parents wouldn't punish us. 2.如果你早点听我的话，那你现在就 2.if only引出感叹句，意思是“要是 不会感到抱歉了。 …多好”，表示说话人的一种愿望，动词 If you me earlier,you 形式与wish的情况相同。 sorry now. 1 If only he didn't drive so fast! 【答案】had listened to;wouldn't be (现在) 【解析】混合虚拟语气，从句是对过去 2 Look at the terrible situation I am in! 的假设，所以根据f虚拟条件句的规则， If only I had followed your advice.(过去) 要用过去完成时，而主句部分讲的是目前 ③If only the rain would stop.(将来) 3.would rather(宁愿)引导的宾语从句 的情况，所以要用would-+do。 ①与现在事实或将来事实相反：一般 3.要是没有我的英语老师的帮忙，我 不可能在这次英语写作竞赛中获得一等奖。 过去时(u.ed),表示“宁愿做什么”。 I would rather they came tomorrow. But for the help of my English teacher,I ②与过去事实相反：过去完成时(had first prize in the English done)o Writing Competition. I would rather I had never done it to him 【答案】would not have won 【翻译】我要是带了雨伞该多好呀，我 【解析】but for意为“要不是”，（含蓄 全身都湿透了。 条件句)相当于f引导的条件状语从句， If only I an umbrella！I "If it were not for the help of my English was wet through. teacher...”。主句表示与过去事实相反，句 【答案】had taken 子谓语动词用would/.should/could/might+ 三、虚拟语气用在表示命令、要求、建 have done结构。 议的从句中，此时从句中的谓语动词用 二、虚拟语气表示不可实现或实现概 “should-+动词原形”，should可以省略 率很小的愿望 常用的此类动词有(“二四六”法则)： 1.wish引导的宾语从句。 两个命令：order,.command ①对现在情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词 四个建议：advise,suggest, that sb. 用过去式(were/u.-ed)。 recommend,propose should I wish I were a bird. 六个要求：demand,require, do sth. ②对过去情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词 request,desire,urge,insist 零起点·英语 【翻译】 outing with you. 1.我建议我们下周开个会。 2.If you tell)me in advance,I I suggest that we would have met him at the airport. meeting next week. 3.How I wish I have)the chance 【答案】(should)hold to watch the football game with my father, 2.她要求我马上完成这项工作。 who was a reporter there. She insisted that I the 4.The tone of the letter should be personal, work at once. as if you (be)speaking face to 【答案】(should)finish face to the donor. 四、固定句型中虚拟语气的运用 5.We would rather our daughter Itis(about/high)time+that中的虚拟 (stay)at home with us,but it is her 语气，that后面用一般过去时或“should-+动 choice,and she is not a child any longer. 词原形”(should不可以省略)，表示“该做 6.His classmate suggested that he …的时候了”。 take)a rest immediately. It is (high)time that we went/should go 7.There is a good social life in the village, to bed.我们该睡了。 and I wish I have)a second 【翻译】你该是时候学会自己做决 chance to become more involved. 定了。 8.We lost our way in that small village;other- It's high time you to wise we (visit)more places of in- make the decision yourself. terest yesterday 【答案】learnt/should learn 9.They might have found a better hotel if they 五、asf/though引导的虚拟语气 (drive)a few more kilometers. 1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况 10.George is going to talk about the geography 有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式(u.-ed)。 of his country,but I'd rather he She looks after the boy as if he were her (focus)more on its culture. own son. 11.If we catch)the flight yester- 2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用 day,we would be enjoying our holiday on 过去完成时(had done)。 the beach now. He looks as if he had been to Beijing. 12. be)it not for the support of the teachers,the student could not over- 巩固练习 come her difficulty. 用括号中动词的适当形式填空。 13.If he catch)drunk driving the 1.Sorry,I am too busy now.If I other day,he would be watching TV on (have)time,I would certainly go for an the cozy sofa at home now. 54 第九章 虚拟语气 14.But for the traffic jam,I wouldn't this morning,but I had to get up and (miss)the interview. come to class. 15.Jack is a great talker.It's high time that 19.I should not have laughed if I he (do)something instead of (think)you were serious. just talking. 20.The old lady insisted that the thief 16.Bob would have helped us yesterday,but (send)to the police station. he (be)busy. 21.Eye doctors recommend that a child's first 17. (have)they got any information eye exam (be)at the age of six about the earthquake,they would have months old. made some preparations. 22.It was John who broke the window.Why are 18.How I wish I (sleep)longer you talking to me as if I (do)it? 55第六章动词的时态 第一节一般现在时、一般过去时、 一般将来时和过去将来时 巩固练习 1.will go/are going are about to go;doesn't rain 2.had3.spend;will be if引导的条件状语从句用一般现 在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时。4.didn't realize 5.lived6.leave此句中before引导一个时间状语从句，要 用一般现在时表将来，前往非洲这件事情还没发生。 7.takes/is taking8.travels表示客观事实、自然规律时用 一般现在时。9.would send/was going to send/had sent 第二节现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时 巩固练习 1.is coming此处是现在进行时表将来，表示按计划或安排 最近要进行的动作。2.are;holding3.was watching 4.is playing5.will be writing6.are climbing while引导的 时间状语从句用现在进行时。7.forgot;are;leaving答 语不是强调进行时态，而是说话者的一种态度。8.will be flying/am flying 第三节现在完成时、过去完成时、 将来完成时和现在完成进行时 巩固练习 1.saw 2.has left 3.have changed 4.have heard 5.has saved6.had played由句意所知是先弹钢琴弹了很多年， 然后开了音乐会，故表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。 7.have taken 8.had seen 9.have been looking 10.has been teaching到目前为止一直都在教汉语，现在还在教，故 用现在完成进行时。ll.has been studying;will have gradu- ated 12.will have prepared 第七章动词的语态 巩固练习 1.tastes2.are said be said to..意为“据说.”。3.was published 4.be taken 5.are required 6.will be built 7.belongs to8.is sent9.were treated此处表示“被款待”。 10.is being taken 11.sells;reading 12.had been noticed 13.will have been cleaned 14.are being hunted 第八章 情态动词 巩固练习 1.could/was able to 2.may/might 3.must 4.mustn't 5.might句意：对于你来说这似乎不像是一个大买卖，然而 从长远来看，你会获利。根据seem“似乎”推知“可能性 小”，所以填might。6.ought to/should7.needn't/don't have to 8.will not 9.must 10.would 11.couldn't 12.could 13.shall 14.might/may 15.should 16.needn't句意：结果是路线在小册子中用红色标了出来， 我根本没必要费心把地点记住。表示做了没必要做的事请 要用needn't have done,所以填needn't。I7.cant表示强 烈的否定推测，后面给出了理由。l8.wouldn't此处表示 意愿。19.must20.mustn't21.needn't22.shouldn't 第九章虚拟语气 巩固练习 1.had 2.had told由主句would have met可知，这是对过去的虚 拟，f从句的谓语用had done。 3.had had由定语从句可知，父亲在之前的足球赛中当记 者。此处wish的宾语从句中谓语用had done,是对过去的 虚拟，表达难以实现的愿望。 4.were句意：写信的语气要亲切，好像你和捐赠者在面对 面交谈。这里asf后要用一般过去时表示虚拟语气。 5.stayed句意：我们宁愿我们的女儿和我们待在家里，但是 那是她的选择，而且她不再是一个孩子了。would rather 后的宾语从句要采用虚拟语气，从s这个动词的使用看， 是与现在事实相反，则从句用一般过去时表示与现在事实 相反。 6.(should)take 7.had 8.would have visited 9.had driven 10.focused 11.had caught 12.Were 13.hadn't been caught句意：如果几天前他没有被抓到酒驾 的话，现在他就会坐在家里舒适的沙发上看电视了。根 据语境推知“他酒驾被抓了”，由此推知从句是与过去事 实相反的假设，所以用过去完成时。 14.have missed句意：要不是交通堵塞的话，我就不会错过面 试了。but for“要不是…的话”，句子表示对过去发生情况 的假设，所以用wouldn't have done 15.did/should do 16.was 17.Had句意：如果他们得知地震的消息的话，他们会做准备 的。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句中应用过去完成 时，此处是省略f的倒装形式。 l8.had slept句意：我真希望我今天早晨能睡得再长一些， 但是我得起床来上学。wish后面的宾语从句用虚拟语 气。表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。 19.had thought 20.(should)be sent 21.(should)be 22.had done 第十章定语从句 第一节关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 巩固练习 -1.who/that 2.which/that 3.whom/who/that 4.that/which 5.whose 6.whose 7.in which/where