Unit 12 Innovation 阅读·久久为功-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教师用书word（北师大版）

本讲义聚焦“科学与创新”主题，构建“主题名句积累—课文精读理解—词汇系统记忆—写作实践应用—拓展阅读深化”的学习支架，涵盖科技突破、科学家事迹（如霍金）等核心内容，助力学生系统掌握相关语言知识与主题认知。 该资料亮点在于融合语言能力与文化意识培养，通过课文对译、难句破解提升语言理解与表达能力，借助中外科学家事迹（如爱因斯坦、霍金）增强家国情怀与人类命运共同体意识。课中辅助教师开展主题教学，课后提供词汇表、范文及拓展阅读，帮助学生查漏补缺，培养自主学习能力。

附：《阅读·久久为功》 一、背主题名句，写大气文章 1．(教材名句)Innovation is the primary driver of growth. —Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China 创新是第一动力。——中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会报告 2．(教材名句)Every once in a while, a new technology, an old problem, and a big idea turn into an innovation.—Dean Kamen 每隔一段时间，一项新技术、一个老问题和一个伟大的想法都会变成一项创新。——迪安·卡门 3．(教材名句)I am one of those who think like Nobel, that humanity will draw more good than evil from new discoveries.—Marie Curie 我和诺贝尔一样认为，人类将从新发现中汲取更多的善而不是恶。——玛丽·居里 4．(教材名句)Intelligence is the ability to adapt to change.—Stephen Hawking 智慧就是适应变化的能力。——斯蒂芬·霍金 5．The advance of technology is based on making it fit in so that you don't really even notice it, so it's part of everyday life.—Bill Gates 技术的进步是基于让它融入你的生活，这样你甚至不会真正注意到它，如此一来它就成了日常生活的一部分。——比尔·盖茨 6．Science and technology constitute a primary productive force.—Deng Xiaoping 科学技术是第一生产力。——邓小平 7．Scientific progress depends on the labor and the value of their inventions of scientists.—Pasteur 科学的进步取决于科学家的劳动和他们发明的价值。——巴斯德 二、课文不厌百遍读，书中自有“黄金屋” Lesson 1　Scientific Breakthroughs(科学突破) have a real problem on your hands. In just 100 years, the world has changed completely.Amazing discoveries were made in medicine, communications and transport, not to mention our knowledge of the world and space.Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased organs with donated ones.Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones, and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.We started flying around the world, launching satellites into orbit and, at the same time, previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe. [课文对译] 如果必须在20世纪重大发现中选出最重要的一项，这可不是件容易的事。在仅仅100年中，世界就完全变样了。医学、通信和交通方面都有惊人的发现，更别提我们对世界和太空的认识了。医学上的进步范围很广，从利用显微镜揭示病因，施行手术，到用捐赠的器官做器官移植。移动电话的使用给通信业带来了改变，通信方式从写信到发电子邮件和发送即时信息。我们开始坐飞机周游世界，把人造卫星发射至轨道。同时，科学家们发现了如何分裂原子。在此之前，原子被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。 [难句破解]　 句①：本句使用了虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反的假设。If引导的状语从句谓语用一般过去式，主句谓语用“would＋动词原形”。 句②：“疑问词＋to do sth.”在句中作宾语；thought to ...universe 为过去分词短语作定语，修饰the atom。 , it is possible to single out a few pioneers of the 20th century.Here are some of them. One of the 20th century's premier scientists was Albert Einstein.In the summer of 1905, . Subsequently，“E＝mc2” was born.It showed how a small piece of mass could produce an unbelievable amount of energy.Einstein then showed in his “theory of relativity” that not even time, mass or length are constant — they change according to our experience of them. [课文对译] 尽管不太可能选出哪项发现是最重要的，但是挑选出20世纪的几位先驱还是可能的。例如以下几位。 20 世纪最杰出的科学家，爱因斯坦是其一。1905年夏天，这个坦率的年轻人给他一岁的孩子晃动摇篮时，突然受到启发。于是，“E＝mc2”诞生了。它证明了一小块物质可以产生巨大的能量。爱因斯坦随后在他的“相对论”中指出，即使是时间、质量或长度也不是恒定不变的，它们根据我们对它们的感知而变化。 [难句破解]　 句③：although引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。 句④：使用了sb.was doing sth.when ...句型，表示“某人正在做某事，这时(突然)……”。 In 1928, another important finding was made by biologist Alexander Fleming.Before he went on holiday, Fleming left a dish of bacteria in his laboratory.When he came back, he noticed something strange. which Fleming perceived could be used to kill bacteria.A few years later, penicillin was being mass-produced and helping to save the lives of millions.Fleming remained humble about the amazing outcome of his discovery.“Nature made penicillin，” he said, “I just found it.” [课文对译] 1928年，另一项重要的发现由生物学家亚历山大·弗莱明发现了。在去度假之前，弗莱明在实验室里放了一个培养细菌的器皿。回来时，他注意到器皿里有点儿奇怪。经过反复检查，他发现器皿里有一种蓝色的霉菌，而霉菌周围的细菌已经被杀死了。这种蓝色的霉菌实际上是自然状态的青霉素，弗莱明认为它可以用来杀死细菌。数年后，青霉素开始大量生产，帮助挽救了数百万人的生命。弗莱明对他这一惊人的发现态度谦虚，他说：“是大自然制造了青霉素，我只是发现了它。” [难句破解]　 句⑤：“介词＋which”引导定语从句，修饰先行词 dish。 句⑥：which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词penicillin；从句中Fleming perceived作插入语。 During World War Ⅱ， when Fleming's discovery was first helping to cure people, the US Navy was looking for ways of improving the accuracy of their missiles.The navy turned to Eckert, an engineer, and Mauchly, a physicist, to deal with the problem and produce a machine to do the job in a joint effort.Although they only finished after the war in 1946, it did not matter.This huge machine was the world's first computer, but it was nothing like our computers today.It measured 100 feet long by over 10 feet high and weighed over 30,000 kilograms.With 18,000 tubes, thousands of circuits and 6,000 switches, the lights in the local town went out！ [课文对译] 第二次世界大战期间，正当弗莱明的发现首次用来帮助治愈疾病时，美国海军正在寻找提高导弹精度的方法。海军求助于工程师埃克特和物理学家莫克利，两人共同制造一台机器来完成这项工作。尽管机器在1946年战争结束后才制造出来，但仍产生了巨大影响。这台巨大的机器是世界上第一台计算机，但是与今天的计算机完全不同。它长100英尺，高10英尺，重30 000多公斤。它有18 000个显像管，数千条电路和6 000 个开关，耗电量异常巨大，以至于当它启动的时候，当地所有的灯都熄灭了！ [难句破解]　 句⑦：so ... that ...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句；该从句中又包含了一个when引导的时间状语从句。 With the development of computers, people expected to get more things done efficiently.During the Cold War, a“huge network” of computers was proposed by two American scientists. , it would enable government leaders to communicate with each other.By the end of the 1960s, some mini-networks were established, but only a few computers could connect to them.In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web, which enabled computers all over the world to communicate with each other.Nowadays, life without the Internet for most people is unimaginable. [课文对译] 随着计算机的发展，人们期望能有效地完成更多的事情。冷战期间，两位美国科学家提出建立一个计算机的“庞大网络”。计算机能互换信息，可使政府领导人相互沟通。到20 世纪60 年代末，一些小型网络已经建立起来，但只有少数计算机可以接入。1990 年，蒂姆·伯纳·李发明了万维网，使世界各地的计算机能够相互通信。如今，对大多数人来说，没有互联网的生活是难以想象的。 [难句破解]　 句⑧：with复合结构，其中现在分词作宾语补足语，补充说明computers。 These pioneers of the 20th century were all dedicated to improving the quality of human life on Earth.Human life on this planet has been transformed into a “global village”， with all the different countries linked in the chain of common interests.There is no doubt about it. Without the as we know it today would be a completely different place. [课文对译] 这些20 世纪的先驱都致力于改善地球上人类的生活质量。不同国家因共同利益而连接起来，使得这个星球上人类的生活已经转变为“地球村”。毫无疑问，如果没有这些先驱取得的科技突破，无论这些突破是偶然发现的还是计划之中的，我们今天所熟知的世界将是一个完全不同的地方。 [难句破解]　 句⑨：本句是含蓄虚拟条件句。Without引导的短语表示含蓄条件，句子谓语用虚拟语气；whether lucky or planned是一个省略句，补全为whether it was lucky or it was planned; as we know it today是as引导的方式状语从句。 Lesson 3　Stephen Hawking(斯蒂芬·霍金) died at his home in England, aged 76. Hawking was famous, not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology, but also for overcoming the challenges of ALS (a disease that affects muscle control)． [课文对译] 2018年3月14日，世界上最有影响力的科学家之一，斯蒂芬·霍金在英格兰的家中去世，享年76岁。霍金不仅因在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出研究而著名，更是因克服了肌萎缩侧索硬化症(一种影响肌肉控制的疾病)的挑战而令人敬佩。 [难句破解]　 句①：aged 76为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词Stephen Hawking。 Stephen Hawking was born on 8 January, 1942, in Oxford.He went to the University of Oxford to study physics in 1959.At the age of 21, when Hawking spent his first year at the University of Cambridge, physicians discovered he had a rare, slow-progressing form of ALS.He was only expected to live for a few years. [课文对译] 1942年1月8日斯蒂芬·霍金出生于牛津，1959年进入牛津大学学习物理学。21岁那年，也是霍金在剑桥大学的第一年，医生发现他患有一种罕见的慢性肌萎缩侧索硬化症，预言他只能再活几年。 Hawking later found a job at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge.In the early stages of his career, his illness got worse, but he was allowed to do research only rather than teach, .In 1985, he had to have an operation.As a result, he lost his speech.Soon his doctors developed a piece of speech-generating equipment that allowed him to speak. However, . [课文对译] 后来霍金在剑桥天文研究所找了份工作。职业生涯刚一开始他的病情就转而恶化，研究所允许他可以只做研究而不用教学，这对他来说更容易。1985年，他不得不动手术，结果丧失了说话能力。很快，医生为他开发了一种发声设备使他能够说话。但是，他的病情继续恶化，手也动不了了。 [难句破解]　 句②：which引导定语从句，指代前面整个句子。 句③：as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”。 Although Hawking's physical abilities declined over decades, he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes.Hawking believed that the birth of the universe (the “Big Bang”) created many small black holes. of hole in the centre of a black hole. This hole led to another universe, completely separate from our own. [课文对译] 尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降，但他从未停止过研究，对黑洞有了许多新的想法。霍金认为宇宙诞生时(即宇宙大爆炸)创造了许多小黑洞，在黑洞的中心还有一种洞，这种洞通向另一个宇宙，与我们的世界完全分隔。 [难句破解]　 句④：that引导表语从句，从句中使用了there be 句型。 Hawking also wrote books.His 1988 book, A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes, sold one copy for every 750 people on Earth.However, many people could not really understand what he had written.Therefore, Hawking decided to write a simpler version, A Briefer History of Time(2005)． In The Grand Design(2010, with Leonard Mlodinow), for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of the universe. Instead of trying to find one big new explanation, scientists should put together all the ideas that they already have. [课文对译] 霍金还写书。1988年出版的《时间简史：从大爆炸到黑洞》一书，地球上平均每750人便购买过一本。然而，许多人并不能真正理解他写的内容。因此，霍金决定写一个简化的版本，即《时间简史》(2005)。 在《宏伟设计》(2010年出版，与莱昂纳德·蒙洛迪诺合著)一书中，霍金提出我们应该用一种不同的方式去发现宇宙最深处的秘密。与其说尝试寻找一个全新的解释，科学家们不如把他们已经有的想法汇集起来。 [难句破解]　 句⑤：动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词way。 At the opening of the London 2012 Olympics, Hawking said to a TV audience of 900 million people：“Look up at the stars and not down at your feet ... be curious.” In spite of his disease, Hawking didn't consider himself an unlucky man.He said it had not prevented him from having a family, and being successful in his work.“My expectations were reduced to zero when I was 21.Everything since then has been a bonus.” And he believed this was because of the help he received from his family and a large number of people and organisations. [课文对译] 2012年伦敦奥运会开幕式上，霍金对9亿电视观众说：“仰望星空，而不是俯视脚下……要保持好奇心。” 尽管霍金患有疾病，但他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。他说，这并没有阻碍他拥有家庭，也没有妨碍他在工作中取得成功。“21岁时，我的人生期望值降为零。从那以后，一切都是馈赠。”他认为自己所取得的一切都源于家人的支持和他人的帮助。 Fact File (事实档案) WHAT IS A BLACK HOLE？(什么是黑洞？) A black hole is a place in space where gravity is very strong.Anything that falls into it never comes out.Nothing can escape from it, not even light.As a result, it is impossible to see a black hole. [课文对译] 黑洞是宇宙空间中引力极其强大的地方。 落入黑洞的任何物质都不可能再出来。任何东西，包括光，都无法从黑洞中逃脱。因此，黑洞是无法直接观测到的。 三、词汇记忆无诀窍，适时“回首”记得牢 Topic Talk 1．well-being n．　　　　　　健康，幸福，舒适 2．vitamin n. 维生素 3．entertainment n. 娱乐活动，娱乐节目 拓展 4．gifted adj. 有天赋的，有才华的 拓展 5．labour-saving adj. 节省劳力的 6．productive adj. 多产的；丰饶的；富有成效的 拓展 7．garbage n. 垃圾 同义|rubbish/waste 8．device n. 设备，装置；修辞手段 Lesson 1 1．scientific adj. 科学(上)的 拓展 2．microscope n. 显微镜 3．donate vi. & vt. 捐献(器官)，献(血)；捐赠，捐献 拓展 4．correspond vi. 通信 拓展|correspondence n. 通信；一致；相关 5．instant adj. 立刻的，马上的 拓展 6．launch vt. 发射；发动，发起，开始从事 7．satellite n. 人造卫星；卫星 8．orbit n. 轨道 vi. & vt. 沿轨道运行 9．split vi. &vt. 分割，把……分开；分成(不同部分) 10．particle n. 粒子，质点 11．premier adj. 最好的；最重要的 12．outspoken adj. 坦率的，直言不讳的 13．subsequently adv. 后来，随后 拓展|subsequent adj. 随后的 14．relativity n. 相对性 拓展 15．constant adj. 恒久不变的；持续不断的，经常发生的 n. 常量，恒量 拓展|constantly adv. 不断地；时常地 16．finding n. 研究的结果；发现 17．biologist n. 生物学家 拓展|biology n. 生物；生物学 18．mould n. 霉，霉菌 19．penicillin n. 青霉素，盘尼西林 20．perceive vt. 察觉，注意到，发觉 21．million num. 百万 搭配|millions of 大量的 22．humble adj. 谦虚的，谦卑的 近义|modest adj. 谦虚的，谦逊的 23．outcome n. 结果，后果 联想|income n. 收入，收益 24．navy n. 海军 25．accuracy n. 准确性；精准度；正确，准确 拓展 26．missile n. 导弹，飞弹 27．physicist n. 物理学家 28．joint adj. 联合的，共同的，共有的 29．tube n. 圆管，管子；电视显像管，阴极射线管 30．circuit n. 电路，线路；环形道路 31．efficiently adv. 有效率地，高效能地 拓展 32．propose vt. 提出(某观点、方法等) 拓展|proposal n. 提议，建议；求婚 Lesson 2 1．emerge vi. 出现，浮现 2．coincidence n. 运气；巧合 搭配|by coincidence 碰巧 3．clueless adj. 一无所知的，一窍不通的 拓展|clue n. 线索；(故事等的)情节 4．incubation n. 孵化 5．evaluation n. 评估，评价 拓展|evaluate v. 评价；估价 6．elaboration n. 详尽说明，阐述 Lesson 3 1．theoretical adj. 理论的 拓展|theory n. 理论；原理 2．overcome vt. 克服(困难)，控制(感情)；征服，战胜 3．decline vi. 减少，降低 生义|v. 拒绝，谢绝 4．PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) n．　 博士学位 5．cosmology n. 宇宙论，宇宙学 6．grand adj. 宏伟的，壮丽的，隆重的 7．in spite of 虽然；不顾；尽管……(仍……) 8．bonus n． 意外收获，额外的好处；奖金；红利 9．gravity n. 重力，引力 Writing Workshop 1．steam n. 水蒸气； 蒸汽动力 2．kettle n. 水壶，壶 3．boil vi. & vt. (使)沸腾，煮沸；(用开水)煮 n. 沸腾 4．improvement n. 改善，改进；改进之处 拓展|improve v. 改善，增进 5．revolution n. 彻底变革，革命 拓展|revolutionize v. 革命化；从事革命 6．availability n. 可能性 拓展|available adj. 可用的，可获得的；有空的 Reading Club 1&2 1．fibre n. (木材、碳等天然材料的)纤维 2．explode vi.& vt. (使)爆炸；急剧增长 拓展|explosion n. 爆炸；爆发；激增 3．mass n. 大量，大宗 adj. 大量的 搭配|a mass/masses of 大量；许多 4．sailor n. 水手，海员 5．illustrate vt. 说明，阐明；给(书籍、文章等)加插图 6．regulate vt. 控制，管理 7．mechanical adj. 机械的 8．preserve vt. 保存(食物)，腌制；维护，保护 n. 腌菜，果酱 拓展|preservation n. 保存，保留 9．specifically adv. 特定地，专门地 10．electric adj. 用电的，带电的，电动的 拓展|electricity n. 电力；电流四、范文佳作多背诵， 写作增分最实用 (一)单元写作任务范文背诵 写作话题 1　介绍科学家 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友David发来邮件，提到中国所取得的科技成就举世瞩目，他非常想了解一些中国科学家的光荣事迹。请你用英语给他写一封邮件，向他介绍一位你最钦佩的中国科学家，内容包括： 1．科学家简介； 2．取得的主要成就； 3．对你的影响。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 [推荐范文] Dear David， I'd like to introduce the scientist I admire most to you. He is Qian Xuesen, a patriotic, outstanding and gifted scientist. Initially, Qian Xuesen studied Railway Mechanical Engineering, but after the Songhu Battle broke out, he shifted his major to aviation. In 1955, he returned China and was in charge of China's space and missile programme. Under his leadership, China made steady progress in aerospace and aviation. He made great contributions to the development of China's aerospace. Qian Xuesen inspires me to follow my dream. I'll work hard to make our country stronger. Sincerely yours， Li Hua 写作话题 2　介绍科技发明 假定你是李华，想邀请英国交换生David下周一参加你校举办的科技节，并欣赏学生们的科技小发明。请给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1．写信目的；　2.活动过程；　3.表达希望。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 [推荐范文] Dear David， I'm glad to invite you to the Science Festival to be held in our school next Monday to enjoy the students' technology gadgets. The Science Festival is scheduled to take place on the playground from 8：00 a．m. to 11：00 a．m., lasting three hours. Its purpose is to encourage us students to think creatively as well as share our works with others. At this festival, you can enjoy various gadgets which are of great use in our daily life. What's more, some excellent student inventors will introduce the functions of their technology gadgets and perform them on the spot, which I think will be the most exciting part. I would appreciate it if you could join in the coming Science Festival. Looking forward to your reply and your coming. Yours， Li Hua (二)单元主题优美语段背诵 语段1　科技发明比赛场景 The day of the competition came very fast. We all brought our masterpieces into the classroom. Every team had a different design — from boxes made of different materials to boxes that operated in different ways. One fellow even attached a motor to his box and turned it into a refrigerator. Before we left school, Mr Hussey gave each group an ice tube of the same size. We put them in the iceboxes that were placed side by side on the table. Then we left for home, hoping that we would win. 比赛日来得很快。我们都把自己的杰作带进了教室。每个团队都有不同的设计——从由不同材料制成的盒子到以不同方式操作的盒子。一个伙伴甚至在他的箱子上安装了一个马达，把它变成了一个冰箱。在我们离开学校之前，赫西老师给了每组一个大小相同的冰管。我们把它们放进并排摆放在桌子上的冰箱里。然后我们就回家了，希望我们能赢。 语段2　科技改变了老年人的生活 We should thank our children and grandchildren. It was our children and grandchildren that taught us to use technology so that I could find a solution on the Internet by myself. Without them, our life is always invariable and boring. Our children and grandchildren “force” us to accept and use technology, which seems to put us under pressure. However, the fact is that our children and grandchildren let us really accept and use technology to make our life more convenient. 我们应该感谢我们的孩子和孙子们。是他们教会了我们使用技术，这样我就可以自己在互联网上找到解决方案。没有他们，我们的生活总是一成不变、枯燥乏味。我们的孩子和孙子们“强迫”我们接受和使用技术，这似乎给我们带来了压力。然而，事实是，他们让我们真正接受并使用技术，让我们的生活更加方便。 五、主题集群阅读，拓展主题认知 时尚悦读(一)　人工智能：真正的威胁？ In the words of Professor Stephen Hawking, artificial intelligence will be “either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity”. Technology of Tomorrow Forum wants to hear your thoughts on AI. Is it our greatest human achievement so far? Or is it the biggest threat to our existence？Here are the opinions of three netizens. Millenniumbutterfly Thanks to AI, I've got my own super-smart personal assistant built into my phone. She always has an immediate answer for any question I put to her, and even uses my answers to learn more about my preferences. It used to feel like 50 per cent of my time was spent researching new restaurants. In contrast, my PA only needs a few seconds to find the right place. Every recommendation she gives me is great . And speaking of hanging out, I'm hoping that self-driving cars are available soon. I've been taking driving lessons for over a year, and still haven't got my licence. Self-driving cars can learn to drive in the same way that we do, and can make judgements based on information. And as they won't be susceptible to human error, they'll certainly be a lot safer. The only thing is that there ， so perhaps I'd better learn to drive first. Still, I do think that developments in AI will on the whole make doing day-to-day things a lot easier. Popkid The technology you're using and enjoying today is a basic form of AI which can't think independently without programming. Of course, it could be very useful to have a more advanced form of AI — a truly independent form of artificial intelligence, capable of exercising its own judgement, could help us solve many of the world's problems. But have you ever thought about the risks? After all, why would an independent form of AI need to consider the opinions and desires of humans? We could be seen as a “small” inconvenience that's in the way of a solution to a bigger problem. If we're lucky, AI might think we're valuable enough to keep around. If not, it might wipe us all out! Even if that doesn't happen, there are other risks. Millenniumbutterfly, you say how great it , but what about all the taxi drivers who would lose their jobs? They would just be among the first victims of AI. Nearly every job is potentially at risk in the long run. Even journalists are now being replaced with technology that can write basic news reports. As it is, almost 50 per cent of US jobs are at risk from automation in the next 20 years. The truth is that none of us is prepared for the challenges of AI. Pink_haze Machine learning is something we have come to accept as a part of our modern world. I believe most of the value of AI lies in its capacity to analyse and interpret vast amounts of data, which means it can even solve problems that are too challenging for human experts. But while super-intelligent AI could be the biggest leap forward in human history, if it goes wrong or falls into the wrong hands, it could also be the most dangerous. However, AI is not going to go away. We have no choice but to embrace it and regulate it. One thing I think we all agree on， won't be any excuse for illegal or immoral behaviour! [难句破解]　 句①：since引导原因状语从句，意为“由于，因为”；if引导宾语从句。 句②：The only thing is that ...是常用句型，用来引出唯一需要解决的事情。本句中that引导表语从句，when引导时间状语从句。 句③：how引导宾语从句，是感叹句形式。 句④：I think是插入语，we all agree on是定语从句，修饰先行词One thing，省略了关系代词that。 [助读译文] 用斯蒂芬·霍金教授的话说，人工智能将是“人类有史以来最好或最坏的事情”。明日科技论坛希望听到您对人工智能的想法。到目前为止，人工智能算是我们人类最伟大的成就还是对我们生存的最大威胁呢？下面是三位网友的看法： 千禧蝶 多亏了人工智能，我才可以在手机中内置个人超级智能私人助手。我向她提任何问题，她总能立即答复，甚至可以通过我的答案了解更多关于我的个人偏好。过去，我觉得自己有50%的时间花在了研究新餐厅上，相比之下，有了私人助手，只需数秒就能找到正确的餐厅了。因为她可以预测我是否会喜欢某一个餐厅，所以她给我的每一个建议都很棒。 说到出去玩，我希望自动驾驶汽车能很快面世。我已经上驾驶课一年多了，但仍然没有拿到驾照。自动驾驶汽车可以学习与我们相同的驾驶模式，并且可以根据信息做出判断。而且由于它们不会受到人为错误的影响，肯定会安全得多。唯一的问题是， 当第一批汽车上市时，可能会有一些机器学习问题，所以也许我最好先学会驾驶。不过，我确实认为，总体而言，人工智能的发展将使日常工作变得更加容易。 小破孩儿 你今天正在使用和享受的技术是人工智能的基本形式，没有程序它就无法独立思考。当然，拥有更先进的人工智能形式非常有用，这种更先进的人工智能形式是一种真正独立的人工智能形式，能够运用自己的判断力，可以帮助我们解决世界上的许多问题。但是你是否考虑过风险？毕竟，为什么独立的人工智能形式需要考虑人类的选择和欲望？我们可能会被视为解决更大问题道路上的一个“小”麻烦。如果幸运的话，人工智能可能会认为我们足够有价值，可以留下来。否则，它可能会扫清我们所有人！ 尽管还没有发生什么，但确实存在其他的风险。千禧蝶，你说拥有自动驾驶汽车会很棒，但出租车司机会失业这个问题呢？他们将会是人工智能的第一批受害者。 长此以往，几乎所有工作都可能处于潜在危险之中。甚至现在的新闻工作者也正在被可以撰写简单的新闻报道的技术所取代。实际上，在未来20年中，美国有将近50%的工作会受到自动化的威胁。 事实上，我们中没有人做好了面对人工智能的挑战的准备。 粉红_烟雾 机器学习作为现代世界的一部分，已经成为我们接受的东西。我认为人工智能的大部分价值在于它分析和解析庞大数据的能力，也就是说它甚至能够解决对于人类专家来说具有挑战性的问题。 虽然超智能AI可能是人类有史以来的最大飞跃，但如果出错或者落入坏人手中，它同时可能是最危险的。但是，人工智能不会消失。我们别无选择，只能接受它并加以规范。不过，我想大家都认可的一点就是，“这是我的AI做的！”这句话不会成为非法行为或不道德行为的任何借口。 时尚悦读(二)　新发明时代 Interviewer: Good evening, and welcome to Between the Pages.This evening, I'll be talking to Welcome, Richard! Richard: Thank you.It's a pleasure to be here. Interviewer: I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before. It suggests invention is over. Richard: Well, that's an interesting point.There have been golden ages of invention throughout history. Think of the four great inventions in Ancient China: gunpowder, papermaking, printing and the compass. These things changed the world forever.Then there were the great Western inventions: the steam engine, the telephone and the radio.And now, we find ourselves in the great new age of technology. Interviewer: So are most of the new great inventions tech-based? Richard: A lot, yes. For example, advances in virtual reality and wearable tech, as well as the flexible battery, mean we should soon be seeing further developments. In addition, important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power. Interviewer: Can you give us some examples? Richard: Sure.New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts. In terms of the environment, it is now possible to create an intelligent walking house. It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places, with computing technology controlling its “legs”. What's more, huge advances in solar technology mean it can be eco-friendly, too. Interviewer：Impressive stuff! I've also been told that you're an inventor yourself.Is that correct? Richard: Yes, I am, but I'm only one member of a big team — most inventors now work as part of big international teams. Interviewer: I see. So what is it that inspires us to invent things? Richard: Most inventions start with recognising a problem that needs a solution. This was no doubt the reason behind the invention of the wheel in ancient times, which much later developed into the car.Now, reduced energy supplies and environmental pollution have led to more advances in the technology of new energy vehicles.But what remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create, and that's the real spirit of invention. Interviewer: One last question.This is the one everyone really wants to know: will anybody ever invent a time machine? Richard: I think you've been watching too many movies！Nothing like this has been invented yet and I'd say we're a long way from an invention like that at the moment! But, as they say, “ Never say never！” [难句破解]　 句①：句中will be doing为将来进行时；whose引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Dr Richard Fairhurst。 句②：It suggests that ...是常用句式，意为“这表明……”。suggest意思是“表明”，that引导的是宾语从句，but后面的分句中that引导宾语从句。 [助读译文] 采访人：晚上好，欢迎来到《字里行间》。今晚的嘉宾是理查德·费尔赫斯特博士，他的新书《新发明时代》刚刚出版。欢迎您，理查德！ 理查德：谢谢！很高兴能来到这里。 采访人：我猜已经有人就书名向您提问了。书名提示现在是发明创造的新时代，但可能很多人都认为辉煌的发明时代已经结束了。 理查德：嗯，这个观点很有意思。纵观历史，我们经历过很多发明创造的黄金时代。想想中国古代的四大发明：火药、造纸术、印刷术和指南针。它们永远地改变了世界。而后西方也出现了蒸汽机、电话、广播等伟大的发明。而现在，我们自己正处于伟大的科技新时代。 采访人：所以大多数伟大的新发明都是科技产品吗？ 理查德：是的，很多都是。比如说，虚拟现实、可穿戴科技设备与柔性电池技术的进步意味着我们很快会看到更多相关领域的产品研发。此外，得益于不断强化的计算机能力，医药与环境科学也取得了重要进展。 采访人：您能给我们举几个例子吗？ 理查德：当然可以。3D打印机之类的新发明已经应用于制作移植心脏与部分骨骼。在环境领域，建造智能可移动房屋现在已成为可能。它能依靠全球定位系统技术四处移动，计算机技术则控制着它的“双腿”。此外，太阳能技术的巨大进步也意味着它可以很环保。 采访人：真是了不起的发明！我听说您自己也是个发明家。是这样吗？ 理查德：是的。但我只是一个大型团队中的一分子——大多数发明家现在都在大型国际团队中工作。 采访人：明白了。那是什么激励着人们进行发明创造呢？ 理查德：发现某个需要解决的问题，这是绝大多数发明的起点。古代轮子的发明无疑也是如此，后来演变为汽车。现在，能源供应紧缩与环境污染推动了新能源汽车技术的进一步发展。不过有一点依旧重要，就是我们对思考与创造有着一种极度的渴望，而这正是真正的发明精神。 采访人：最后一个问题，也是大家都很想知道的：会有人发明出时光机吗？ 理查德：我觉得您是电影看多了！目前还没有类似的发明，而且我认为，我们离这样的发明还远着呢！不过，就像人们说的：“凡事没有绝对！” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $