内容正文:
Section 4 Focus on Language:Adjectives
课时目标
1.掌握形容词的用法,并学以致用。
2.运用相关的语言知识,对科技创新方面涌现出的先驱及其成就发表看法。
语境中体悟
I bought an ①interesting novel yesterday.The book is so ②interesting that I can hardly let go of it.③Worried about my study, my mother took it away.However, I found my mother ④absorbed in it.
In my family, my mother is ⑤the thinnest.My father is much ⑥taller than her and me, but he is twice ⑦as heavy as my mother, and becoming ⑧fatter and fatter.He is quite worried because ⑨the fatter he is, ⑩the more likely he is to be ill.
[语法入门]
①处修饰名词用形容词作定语。
②处系动词之后用形容词作表语。
③处表示情绪和精神状态的形容词作状语。
④处在find+宾语之后,形容词作宾补,说明宾语的状态。
⑤⑥处分别是形容词最高级和比较级。
⑦处是as+adj.+as结构。
⑧⑨⑩处是固定结构。
学案中理清
形容词表示人或物的性质、特征或属性,可在句中对名词或代词起修饰和描绘作用,作定语、表语、补足语和状语。有些形容词能接受程度副词的修饰,并有比较级和最高级。
一、形容词的构成
1.动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀
后缀
例词
-able
accept→acceptable 可接受的
comfort→comfortable 舒适的
fashion→fashionable 时髦的
suit→suitable 合适的
reason→reasonable 有道理的
-al
music→musical 音乐的
origin→original 最初的
person→personal 个人的;私人的
centre→central 中央的;中心的
nature→natural 自然的;天生的
-ful
doubt→doubtful 怀疑的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
harm→harmful 有害的
hope→hopeful 有希望的
peace→peaceful 和平的
-ed
scare→scared 感到恐惧的
confuse→confused 感到困惑的
underline→underlined 加下划线的
-ing
surprise→surprising 令人惊讶的
convince→convincing 令人信服的
satisfy→satisfying 令人满意的
-ible
access→accessible 容易取得的
horror→horrible 可怕的;恐怖的
terror→terrible 可怕的
-ive
act→active 积极的;活跃的
effect→effective 有效的;生效的
attract→attractive 有吸引力的
impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的
-ous
continue→continuous 不断的;持续的
anxiety→anxious 忧虑的
caution→cautious 十分小心的;谨慎的
curiosity→curious 好奇的
humor→humorous 幽默的
-some
tire→tiresome 令人厌倦的
trouble→troublesome 麻烦的
-y
taste→tasty 美味的;可口的
health→healthy 健康的
wealth→wealthy 富裕的;丰富的
-ern
east→eastern 东方的;向东的
-ish
child→childish 孩子气的
fool→foolish 愚蠢的;可笑的
self→selfish 自私的
-ic
allergy→allergic 过敏性的
energy→energetic 精力充沛的
science→scientific 科学的
|名|师|点|津| -ed形容词多表示主语所处的状态,意为“感到……的”,通常修饰人;-ing形容词多表示主语所具有的特征,意为“令人……的”,通常修饰物或事。
2.复合形容词的构成
构成方式
例词
形容词+名词+-ed
good-tempered 好脾气的
kind-hearted 热心肠的
形容词+现在分词
good-looking 好看的
easy-going 容易相处的
副词+现在分词
hard-working 努力工作的
far-reaching (影响)深远的
名词+现在分词
peace-loving 爱好和平的
English-speaking 讲英语的
名词+过去分词
state-owned 国有的
heart-felt 衷心的
副词+过去分词
well-known 著名的
wide-spread 分布广泛的
形容词+过去分词
ready-made 做好的,现成的
名词+形容词
self-confident 自信的
self-satisfied 自我满足的
[对点练] (用所给词的适当形式填空)
①(2025·全国Ⅰ卷) Tu says the balance between the black and white pieces, beauty in the strategic (strategy) placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings ...
②(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang ... where bamboo and tea bushes grow wild in the mountains, the chickens are always free range, dog leashes are optional, and central (center) heating doesn't exist.
③(2025·浙江1月高考)“I think it's an amazing (amaze) idea,” says Tanya Perilli, who owns a clothing rental shop.
④(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The latest engineering techniques are used to create a protective functional (function) structure that is also beautiful.
⑤(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot, tasty (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
⑥(2023·全国甲卷)Different (difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
⑦(2023·浙江1月高考)The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by spacious (space) homes and walled gardens.
⑧If he wants to become a successful (success) singer, he should take some special courses in this area.
二、形容词的功能
1.形容词作定语修饰名词或代词,说明其性质、特征等。
These are valuable suggestions.
这些是宝贵的建议。
2.形容词作表语与连系动词构成系表结构,说明主语的性质或特征。
His suggestions are very valuable.
他的建议很有价值。
3.形容词作补足语说明宾语或主语的性质、状态或特征。
I consider his suggestion very valuable.
我认为他的建议很有价值。
4.形容词作状语主要表示原因、伴随等。
He returned home, safe and sound.
他回到了家,安然无恙。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①Did you have_sufficient_time to do the work?
你有足够的时间做这项工作吗?
②Surprised_and_delighted,_he stood still, barely believing what he heard.
惊喜交加,他一动不动地站在那里,几乎不相信自己听到的。
③You'll find these meals quick_and_convenient to prepare.
你会发现这些饭菜准备起来又快又方便。
④After the accident, she felt lonely_and_hopeless.
事故发生后,她感到孤独和绝望。
⑤The little boy was so_curious that he reached for the package.
小男孩很好奇,伸手去拿包裹。
三、形容词的位置
1.形容词短语作定语,须后置。
This is a book suitable for children.
这是一本适合孩子的书。
There is a huge room, simple and beautiful.
这里有一个大房间,简单且漂亮。
2.表语形容词(afraid、 alike、 alone、 asleep、 awake、 alive等)作定语时,须后置,如a man alive。有些表示身体健康状况的形容词如well、 faint、 ill只作表语;sick既可作表语又可作定语。ill如果不是表示身体状况,而是表示类似bad(不好的)的意思时,通常只作定语。
He's been ill since then.从那时以来他一直病着。
By ill luck, my flight had been cancelled.
不幸的是,我的航班被取消了。
3.形容词用作定语,修饰由no、 any、 some、 every与body、 one、 thing等构成的复合不定代词如anything、 somebody等时,通常后置。
I have something important to tell you.
我有重要的事情要告诉你。
4.else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。
Who else wants to go there?
还有谁想去那儿?
5.当含有old、 long、 high、 wide、 deep等词的数量词短语作定语时,须后置。
At that time she was only a girl five years old.
那时她只是一个五岁的女孩。
6.多个形容词作定语的排列顺序
几个并列的形容词作定语,其语序通常为:
限定词(包括冠词、所有格、人称代词、指示代词、数词等)+观点词(品质、状态,即表示好、坏、美、丑等的词)+形状或样式词(大小、长短或高低词)+年龄或新旧词+颜色词+产地或来源词+材料或种类词+用途词+名词。如:
a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella
一把沉重的黑色中国钢伞
[对点练] (完成句子)
①What will happen if you do not eat a_balanced_diet?
如果你的饮食不均衡会发生什么?
②She has bought herself an_expensive_purple_cotton_dress.
她给自己买了一件昂贵的紫色棉布衣服。
③Tony is going camping with two_other_little_boys.
托尼要和另外两个小男孩去露营。
④We only had ¥100 and that was nowhere near enough to buy a_new_computer.
我们只有100美元,这远远不够买一台新电脑。
⑤She has a_beautiful_new_diamond_ring which is bought by her husband.
她有一枚漂亮的新钻戒,是她丈夫买给她的。
四、形容词的比较级和最高级
1.形容词比较级和最高级的变化规则
情况
规则
原级
比较级
最高级
一般
情况
加-er和-est
high
higher
highest
以不发音字母e结尾的单音节词
加-r和-st
brave
wide
braver
wider
bravest
widest
以辅音字母+y结尾的
双音节词
变y为i加
-er和-est
happy
lucky
happier
luckier
happiest
luckiest
以重读闭音节
结尾且末尾只
有一个辅音字
母的词
双写末尾的辅音字母,再加
-er和-est
hot
big
thin
hotter
bigger
thinner
hottest
biggest
thinnest
部分双音节词和
多音节词
在原级前加more和
most
interesting
popular
more
interesting
more
popular
most
interesting
most
popular
|名|师|点|津| 不规则形容词的比较级和最高级的变化有:good/well的比较级是better和best;ill/bad的比较级和最高级是worse和worst;many/much的比较级和最高级是more和most;little的比较级和最高级是less和least。
2.形容词的比较级用法
形容词的比较级常用于两者之间的比较。表示“和……一样……”“比……更……”等;原级常用于“(not) as+原级+as”结构;比较级常用于“比较级+than”结构,than有时可省略。
It's as tough and strong as any other cars running on the street.
它和街上跑的其他汽车一样牢固结实。
I do hope so, because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.
我的确希望这样,因为我想要你像我一样活得健康长寿。
Your mother knows best: nothing is more important than health.
你母亲最清楚:没有什么比健康更重要。
|名|师|点|津| 形容词的比较级前可以加any、 far、 much、 a lot、 a little、 a bit、 even、 still等程度副词修饰。
The film is far more interesting than any one that I have ever seen.
这部电影比我曾看过的任何一部电影都有趣得多。
3.形容词的最高级用法
形容词的最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较,常见的结构是“the+最高级+比较范围”。
California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州,但却是人口最多的州。
This is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.这是我参观过的最美的城市。
|名|师|点|津| 有些形容词本身就有比较含义,所以没有比较级,如senior、junior、superior、minor等,还有些形容词本身就含有“最……”的含义,所以没有最高级,如unique、perfect、whole、favorite等。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①Some outstanding students in school have turned out not to be as_successful_as_they_were_expected_in_society.
学校里的一些优秀学生在社会上并没有像人们期望的那样成功。
②I think finding information on the Internet is more_convenient_than_searching_for_books
_in_a_library.
我认为在网上查找信息比在图书馆查书更方便。
[随堂应用体验]
根据汉语提示完成短文
I have a pet as my friend.It's ①a_little_dog_I_picked_up_in_the_street (我在街上捡到的一只小狗).It was ②very_dirty_and_ugly (很脏、很丑) at that time, but now it's ③very_beautiful_and_cute (又漂亮又可爱). I like it very much because ④it's_funny_to_play_with_it (跟它玩起来很有趣).It's ⑤smart,_brave_and_friendly (聪明、勇敢、友好).My dog is ⑥anything_but_stupid (一点也不笨).In fact, it's very clever.It keeps itself and everything around it nice and clean.Although it ⑦seems_a_little_lazy (看起来有点懒), it's very cute and lovely when it's sleeping in its house.I feed it three times a day and it ⑧never_leaves_the_food_unfinished (从不把食物剩下).And I often walk my dog after dinner.We have become very good friends.
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