Unit 11 Section 8 Writing Workshop-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教师用书word（北师大版）

Section 8　 Writing Workshop 课时目标 1.了解范文的关键信息，归纳议论文的语言特点及基本结构。 2.根据所学知识，写一篇议论文。 1．In my opinion，we should go further and ban advertisements for any unhealthy products such as alcohol and fried food. 在我看来，我们应该更进一步，禁止任何不健康产品的广告，如酒精和油炸食品。 ★ban vt.(banned, banned)禁止，取缔n.禁令，禁止 |用|法|感|知| ·(“环境保护”主题佳句)Some measures have been taken to ban the use of plastic bags in the supermarket. 已采取一些措施禁止在超市使用塑料袋。 ·(“环境保护”主题佳句)A ban against uncontrolled deforestation, aimed at preserving biodiversity, is crucial for ecological balance. 一项针对无序砍伐森林的禁令，旨在保护生物多样性，对生态平衡至关重要。 归纳点拨 (1)ban (doing) sth.　　　　 禁止(做)某事 ban sb.from (doing) sth. 禁止某人(做)某事 (2)put/place a ban on 禁止 a ban on/against ... 对……的禁令 联想发散 近义短语： prohibit/forbid sb. from doing sth.禁止某人做某事 forbid sb. to do sth.　 　 禁止某人做某事 |应|用|融|会| (1)单句语法填空 ①Chemical weapons are_banned (ban) internationally. ②Local officials are so worried about air quality that they are considering a temporary ban on private cars. (2)一句多译 为了创建更干净的环境，禁止人们乱扔垃圾。 ③To create cleaner surroundings, people_are__banned_from_littering_everywhere. (ban) ④To create cleaner surroundings，people_are_forbidden_from_littering/to_litter_everywhere. (forbid) 2．It is clearly desirable to limit TV advertisements for fast food. 限制快餐的电视广告显然是可取的。 ★desirable adj.理想的，值得拥有的；值得做的 |用|法|感|知| ·(“环境保护”主题佳句)Using renewable energy sources is desirable for a sustainable future, as it can reduce carbon emissions that harm the planet. 使用可再生能源对可持续的未来而言是理想的，因为它能减少危害地球的碳排放。 ·(“求助”类佳句)It's our desire that you should provide some money to fund our program, as well as offer us some practical suggestions. 我们渴望你能为我们的项目提供一些资金支持，并为我们提供一些实用的建议。 [归纳点拨] (1)desire n．　　　　　　　　　 渴望，欲望 have a/the desire to do sth. 有做某事的欲望 have a/the desire for sth. 渴望得到某物 (2)desire v. 想要，要求 desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 desire for sth. 想要得到某物 desire that ...(should) do sth. 渴望……做某事 |应|用|融|会| (1)单句语法填空 ①Reading satisfies my desire to_keep (keep) learning. ②Everyone has a desire for success while success only belongs to the hard-working people. ③She had a computer at home, and her parents desired that she (should)_do (do) all her work at home. (2)一句多译 我们班的每个学生都渴望上名牌大学。 ④Each student in our class has_a_desire_to_go to a famous university. (desire n．) ⑤Each student in our class desires_to_go to a famous university.(desire v．) 3．Furthermore, it is not right to make money from activities which harm human health. 此外，从危害人类健康的活动中赚钱是不对的。 ★harm vt.伤害n.损害，危害 |用|法|感|知| ·Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin. 在阳光下暴露太久对皮肤有伤害。 ·(“网络科技”主题佳句)As far as I am concerned, playing computer games not only wastes much time but also is harmful to our health. 就我而言，玩电脑游戏不仅浪费很多时间，而且对我们的健康有害。 [归纳点拨] (1)do harm to sb./sth.＝do sb./sth.harm 对某人/某物有害 There is no harm in doing sth. 做某事无害 (2)harmful adj. 有害的 be harmful to 对……有害 harmless adj. 无害的 |应|用|融|会| (单句语法填空/完成句子) ①As parents, they have responsibility to make sure their children won't be_harmed (harm)． ②Eating and drinking too much and so on will surely do harm to their health. ③The air pollution is very serious, so taking outdoor exercise may be harmful (harm) to our health. ④I think this kind of behaviour is normal and harmless (harm)． ⑤Now that you have realized your mistakes, there_is_no_harm_in_apologising to him first. 既然你已经意识到了自己的错误，你不妨先向他道歉。 4．To conclude, laws to ban TV advertisements of unhealthy products are beneficial to society. 最后，法律禁止不健康产品的电视广告对社会是有益的。 ★conclude vt.作出结论，推断出 |用|法|感|知| ·(“感谢”类佳句)To conclude, I would like to thank everyone who helped to make this event possible. 最后，我要感谢所有帮忙使这一活动成为可能的人。 ·(“感悟”类佳句)We drew a conclusion/concluded from her story that no pains, no gains. 从她的故事中我们得出了一个结论：一分耕耘，一分收获。 归纳点拨 (1)conclude sth.with sth.　 以……结束…… conclude sth.by (doing) sth. 以(做)……结束…… conclude　(从……中)推断出…… to conclude 最后(一句话) (2)conclusion n. 结论 draw a conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion 最后，总而言之 联想发散 除in conclusion外，写作时还常常用到下面短语作为全文总结语：in short；in a word；in brief；all in all；to sum up；briefly (speaking)；on the whole等。 |应|用|融|会| (完成句子) ①I concluded/drew_a_conclusion_from my own experiences that where there is a will, there is a way. 我从我自己的经历中得出结论：有志者，事竟成。 ②To_conclude/In_conclusion,_walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.总之，散步是一种廉价、安全、有趣且易实施的锻炼方式。 ③When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude_it_with important points. 当小组讨论接近尾声时，一定要用几个要点作为结束。 ★beneficial adj.有利的，有帮助的，有用的 |用|法|感|知| ·(“环境保护”主题佳句)Garbage classification is beneficial to environmental protection, but there are still many problems to be overcome if it is to be promoted on a large scale.垃圾分类对环保有利，但要大规模推广还需克服许多难题。 ·(“学习生活”主题佳句)As we all know, books are the source of knowledge.I benefit a great deal from reading. 众所周知，书籍是知识的源泉。我从读书中获益匪浅。 [归纳点拨] (1)be beneficial to 　 　 对……有益；对……有利 (2)benefit n. 益处；利益 vt. 使受益 vi. 得益于 for the benefit of ＝ for one's benefit 为了……的利益 be of benefit to 有益于；对……有好处 have the benefit of 得益于 (3)benefit sb./sth. 使某人或某物受益 benefit from/by ... 从……中受益/获益 |应|用|融|会| (1)完成句子 ①If I am lucky enough to be elected, I will make every effort to serve for_the_benefit_of_students_and_our_club. 如果我足够幸运被选上了，我将努力为学生们和我们俱乐部的利益服务。 (2)同义句转换 A harmonious family benefits a child in his mental and physical development. ②A harmonious family is_beneficial_to_a child's mental and physical development.(beneficial adj.) ③A harmonious family is_of_benefit_to_a child's mental and physical development.(benefit n．) ④A child's mental and physical development benefits_from_a harmonious family.(benefit vi.) 写作项目——Write an opinion essay　 本单元的写作任务是写一篇利弊分析型议论文。议论文是以议论为主要表达方式，运用一定的材料并通过一定的论证方法来表明自己的立场、观点或态度的文体。议论文一般由论题、论点、论据论证和结论构成。在议论文中，作者先就论题(某一问题或现象)提出论点，然后辅之以相关的论据并在此基础上进行论证，以使读者同意自己的看法，最终得出结论。行文中适当地运用过渡性表达可以表现出文章的逻辑性。 由教材学写作 一、学写作架构 阅读课文，总结该类文体的框架结构如下： 二、学要点构思 议论文写作可用PEEL结构来完成，其中P代表Point(观点)，E分别代表Evidence(论据)和Explanation(解释)，L代表Link(衔接)。如本文第一段提出论点，作者结合目前一些国家制定禁止烟草广告法律的事实，提出了自己的看法，认为应该加强力度，禁止播放任何不健康产品的广告。第二段为立论，作者针对不健康产品广告的危害，如快餐、烟草、酒等，进行分析说明。第三段为驳论，作者针对一些人提出的生产不健康产品可以带来更多的工作岗位和提升税收的观点进行了驳斥。第四段再次点明作者的观点，呼应首段。 三、学行文逻辑 议论文侧重以严密的推理来揭示事物的本质和规律，表明作者的观点和态度，其上下文之间应有密切的逻辑关系，常用表示辩论、推理等功能的衔接过渡词或句型，如：in my opinion、 undoubtedly、 in addition、 however、 surely、 furthermore、 to conclude、 It is clearly desirable to ...、 they are much less likely to ...、 it is not right to ...等。这些词汇和句型的使用增加了文章的条理性和逻辑性，从而使文章的论证和推理条理清晰，富有说服力。 [提能训练]　(翻译句子) ①毫无疑问，在很脏的房间里做的食物对我们的健康有害。 Undoubtedly,_the_food_made_in_the_dirty_room_is_bad_to_our_health._ ②砍伐树木显然是违法的。 It_is_clearly_illegal_to_cut_down_the_trees. 四、学论证手法 为使论证更具权威性，增加说服力，议论文的写作中常运用下列手法： 1．举出确凿典型的事实或数据来证明论点，如第二段中“In some countries, it is second only to smoking as a cause of death.”。 2．列举典型的例子进行论证，如第三段中“such as those that improve our environment”。 具体写作指导 Write a pros and cons opinion essay ——写一篇利弊分析型的议论文 第一步：构思谋篇 Tense Present simple tense Person Third person Main points Part 1: Introduce debate topics. Part 2: List the viewpoints of both sides and explain the reasons behind them. Part 3: Express your viewpoint. 第二步：要点表达 第一部分　开门见山，引入辩论话题 ①A discussion about the relationship between economic development and environment protection was held in our class.我们班举行了一次关于经济发展和环境保护之间关系的讨论。 ②Recently, we have had a heated discussion on whether_we_should_explore_space.(whether引导的宾语从句)最近，我们就是否应该探索太空进行了热烈的讨论。 ③When_it_comes_to_losing_weight,_different people have different views. 说到减肥，不同的人有不同的看法。 第二部分　列举正方和反方的观点并说明理由 1．引出正反观点 ①However, every_coin_has_two_sides. 然而，任何事物都有两面性。 ②Opinions vary_from_person_to_person. 观点因人而异。 2．正方观点 ①Some students believe we should never sacrifice environment for economy.They think the present environmental problems are_largely_caused_by_rapid economic development. 一些学生认为我们不应该为了经济而牺牲环境。他们认为目前的环境问题主要是由快速的经济发展造成的。 ②There are some people who_support_the_idea_because they find it more convenient to communicate with each other through the Internet. 有些人支持这个想法，因为他们发现通过互联网彼此交流更方便。 ③Exploring space has already made_a_great_contribution to giving us more information about our solar system and universe. 探索太空在给我们提供更多关于太阳系和宇宙的信息方面已经做出了巨大贡献。 3．反方观点 ①However, other students think_it_unnecessary_to_consider environmental problems now because economic development comes first. 然而，其他学生认为现在没有必要考虑环境问题，因为经济发展是第一位的。 ②Others believe that the private cars can cause_environmental_pollution. 另一些人认为私家车会造成环境污染。 ③On the other hand, other students are against the_idea_that_parents_should_rent_a__house_ near_school to take care of their children.(同位语从句) 另一方面，另一些学生反对父母在学校附近租房子来照顾他们孩子的这一想法。 第三部分　表明自己的观点 ①I think the second view is_completely_wrong.The purpose of economic development is to provide a comfortable and happy life for our people.We should aim at sustainable development and find_a_balance between the two. 我认为第二种观点是完全错误的。经济发展的目的是为我们的人民提供舒适、幸福的生活。我们应该以可持续发展为目标，在两者之间找到平衡。 ②In_my_opinion,_people should be pioneering, and therefore such exploration into the outer space is_worth_trying_out. 在我看来，人类应该具有开拓性，因此这种对外太空的探索是值得尝试的。 [针对练笔] 最近，你班同学就“Is it better to employ self-study or teamwork study？”进行了讨论，大家观点不一。请你作为小组代表，写一个片段，简要介绍此次讨论的情况。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文： 55% of the students support self-study.Not only can it avoid interruption from others, but it can also develop our ability to think independently.Besides, it will be much easier for us to gain a sense of achievement.On the other hand,45% of the students think that teamwork study can help create a more enjoyable learning atmosphere and develop the spirit of cooperation. 写作素材储备 (一)写作佳句 1．引出讨论话题 (1)Recently we have had a heated discussion on ... 最近我们就……进行了激烈的讨论。 (2)According to a recent survey ... 根据最近的一项调查…… (3)Opinions are divided on the question. 在这个问题上有意见分歧。 2．陈述正/反方观点及论据(理由) (1)Some students are for the idea, while others think otherwise.一些学生赞成这个想法，而另一些学生则不这么认为。 (2)However, there are a large number of people who hold a different view concerning this case. 然而，有很多人对这件事情持不同的看法。 (3)It has more disadvantages than advantages. 它的弊大于利。 (4)Some hold the view that ..., while others think that ... 有些人认为……，然而另一些人认为…… 3．归纳总结或发表自己的观点 (1)Therefore, we can draw the conclusion that ... 因此，我们可以得出……的结论。 (2)I hold the belief that ...我相信…… (3)Taking everything into consideration, we should make good use of the precious resources. 考虑到一切，我们应该好好利用宝贵的资源。 (4)As far as I am concerned ... 就我而言…… 4．衔接词汇 (1)表示并列：what's more，in addition，as well，besides，furthermore，moreover，what's worse (2)表示因果：therefore，for this reason，thus, consequently (3)表示转折：but，however，on the contrary，instead (4)表示时间顺序：later，afterwards，from then on，eventually，in the meantime，then，at the same time，after a while，at present，after that，finally (5)表示列举：first，to begin with，secondly，first of all，then，next，finally (6)举例说明：such as，for example，for instance，take ...for example (7)表示让步：nevertheless，still (8)表示对比：on the contrary，in contrast (9)陈述事实：in fact，actually，as a matter of fact，to tell you the truth (10)表示总结：in a word，in short，to sum up，in conclusion，on the whole，to conclude，in brief，in summary，in general，all in all (11)表示意义重复：that's to say，in other words，to put it in another way，to put it differently, similarly (12)表示强调：above all，more importantly，indeed，without any doubt (二)主题语段 1．是否应该允许宠物进入社区 First of all, people, especially the aged living alone, can enjoy the company of the lovely pets. Besides, pets can act as a doorkeeper.When you are concerned about the problem of home safety, the well-trained pets can help to solve it.In spite of the benefits mentioned above, apparently, there are also some disadvantages.Firstly, the annoying noises the pets make always disturb those who prefer quiet life. Usually if the pet keeper happens to be a lazybones, the smelly odour from the pets is really unbearable. 首先，人们，尤其是独居的老年人，可以享受可爱宠物的陪伴。此外，宠物可以充当看门人。当你担心家庭安全问题时，训练有素的宠物可以帮助解决这个问题。尽管有上述好处，但显然也有一些弊端。首先，宠物发出的恼人的噪声总是打扰那些喜欢安静生活的人。通常，如果宠物主人碰巧是个懒人，宠物身上的臭味真的让人难以忍受。 2．外卖食品是否应该进校园 People's opinions are divided when it comes to the question whether we can order takeout food at school. Some people are in favour of it because it saves them much trouble, allowing them to have delicious food delivered directly to them. However, others don't think it right to do so. They point out that takeout food is usually delivered in plastic containers. Countless plastic bags and boxes will cause white pollution. What's more, there can be health risks involved in takeout food. 对于我们是否可以在学校点外卖食品的问题，人们的意见存在分歧。有些人支持，因为这为他们省去了很多麻烦，让他们可以直接吃到送到手上的美味食物。然而，其他人认为这样做是不对的。他们指出，外卖食品通常装在塑料容器里。无数的塑料袋和塑料盒将造成白色污染。另外，外卖食品可能存在健康风险。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $