专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，黑吉辽蒙专用）高一英语下学期

专题02 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·内蒙古包头·期中） Sunglasses, or dark glasses, have always guarded against strong sunlight, but is there more to “shade” than we think? Our eyes are sensitive and react immediately to strong light. Protecting them against light — even the brightness reflected off snow — is important for everyone. Himalayan mountaineers wear goggles (护目镜) for this exact purpose. The Roman Emperor Nero is reported as holding polished gemstones to his eyes for sun protection as he watched fighting gladiators (角斗士). Canadian far north Copper Inuit and Alaskan Yup’ik wore snow goggles made of whalebone and with tiny slits. They were protected against the snow’s brilliant light when hunting. The narrow eye holes also helped them to focus on their animals. In 12th-century China, judges wore sunglasses with smoked quartz lenses (石英镜片) to hide their facial expressions — perhaps to keep their dignity or not convey emotions. In the18th century, noble Venetian ladies held green colored glasses in tortoiseshell frames to their eyes, a design similar to a hand-held mirror. These glasses were used to protect their eyes and eyes of their children from sunlight. Protection of the eyes took an interesting turn when movie making began. Film stars’ eyes became stressed as artificial studio set lights were very strong. They began to wear colored glasses outside the studio as their eyes became painful. They sought out privacy by wearing dark glasses on public occasions as well. The first anti-glare (防炫光的) glasses, originally with green glass blocking ultraviolet(UV) rays, were invented in 1939. Their shapes reduced light from any angle. Dark glasses were to become increasingly popular accessories from the late 1920s. They took on new life as basic male and female fashions in the 1960s and 1970s. There are hundreds of different designs on the market today. Dark glasses are everywhere: worn on the street, for driving, on the beach and on the tennis court. Dark glasses are rich with different meanings. 1．Why did Himalayan mountaineers wear goggles? A．To protect their eyes from the cold wind in the mountains. B．To help them tell the light of snow from the strong sunlight. C．To protect their eyes from the strong sunlight reflected by snow. D．To be recognized more easily in the snow-covered environment. 2．What does the underlined word “slits” in paragraph 2 probably refer to? A．Openings. B．Coverings. C．Parts. D．Decorations. 3．What was the function of sunglasses for judges in 12th-century China? A．To protect their eyes from sunlight. B．To hide their facial expressions. C．To strengthen their authority during trials. D．To show their professional identity as a judge. 4．What can we infer from the text about sunglasses? A．Not all expensive sunglasses can block UV rays. B．They are mainly used for fashion purposes today. C．They were originally used to protect film stars’ privacy. D．They have served as more than a tool for eye-protection. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·内蒙古赤峰·期中） Historically, a university’s primary role has been to ensure students’ outstanding performance academically, but higher education can also change lives by supporting their well-being. Despite growing evidence of the importance of students’ well-being and an abundance of best practices, most universities have yet to prioritize (优先) it as much as they do with enrollment (入学), graduation and grades. A new study led by University of Maine researchers provides guidance on how universities can support and improve students’ well-being, and breaks down the various benefits for learners during and beyond their university career. The study defines well-being as a combined sense of belonging, agency, purpose, identity, citizen engagement (公民参与度) and financial stability. Quoting a long-term investigation, researchers identified key student experiences that result in improved well-being later in life: working at a job or internship (实习); conducting a project that takes a semester or longer to complete; extensively participating in extracurricular (课外的) activities; having at least one professor who either personally cares about their students, and encourages them to pursue their goals or makes them excited to learn. “There is a growing recognition of the importance of affective student outcomes such as a sense of belonging and agency, as well as a lot of evidences showing that student-centered practices can meaningfully support these. We hope that this will encourage other educators to consider how to support well-being in their own learning context,” said Holly White, lead researcher. Researchers identified six guiding principles for improving students’ well-being, among which are Research Learning Experiences (RLEs). According to researchers, RLEs encourage “partner relationships and a sense of belonging, as well as developing purpose and identity through enriching research experiences.” “A unique feature of our RLEs is that they are open to all entering first-year students, no matter what prior experiences students may have had. Our early results on the positive impact of RLEs on students’ overall well-being are very encouraging.” said John Volin, study coauthor. “I think it’s really important to recognize that we can support students’ well-being and learning. These two aspects are not contradictory. It also doesn’t have to be one or the other.” White said. 1．Which may fail to improve students’ well-being according to the text? A．Gaining an internship opportunity. B．Engaging in after-class activities widely. C．Carrying out a long-term project with others. D．Having a professor who is strict about their study. 2．What can we know about RLEs? A．They have been practiced in many universities. B．They are mainly targeted at students lacking in experience. C．They play a positive role in enhancing students’ well-being. D．They are the best method among the guiding principles identified. 3．What do White’s words in the last paragraph suggest? A．Student learning is more important than well-being. B．Universities should take students’ well-being more seriously. C．It is difficult to support students’ well-being in many universities. D．Universities can help with students’ well-being and studies at the same time. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·吉林长春·期中） Due to social events in recent years, the relationship between social media and teenagers mental health has been under heated discussion. On Sept.30, a British court decided that content on social media platforms led to the depression (抑郁) of 14-year-old Molly Russell. Russell interacted with 2,100 posts related to pessimistic (悲观) and self-harm in the six months, leading up to her depression, reported the Observer website. The correlation has also been proved by science. A study in 2019 showed that the frequent use of social media by teenagers can lead to a decrease in their mental health. So, how can we make sure that teenagers won’t get hurt while using social media? Chan, 18, from the University of Macao shared her experience. Chan said that she once came across short videos romanticizing (浪漫化) mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety. She immediately reported them to the platform. But she said that the users’ power to control videos is still limited. “It is ultimately the responsibility of the social media platforms to get rid of content that is potentially harmful.” She also noticed that the age of social media users has become increasingly younger. Society should pay attention to this, she said. “Since it’s not possible to cut off access to social media for younger users, why not introduce a ‘supervision mode’ (监管模式) with which parents can regulate the content to be viewed by teenagers beforehand?” she said. Wu Chengyu, 18, studies at Tianjin Experimental High School. He said that several years ago he came across a game that attracts teenagers to self-abuse and depression. He quickly chose to ignore it so he wouldn’t be influenced. This is the same way he reacts when exposed to negative content on social media. In Wu’s opinion, teenagers today should improve their social media literacy (素养), telling real from fake and good from bad. “Also, everyone can be a content creator on social media.” he said, “We should all strengthen our awareness of ethics”. 1．What led to Russell’s depression according to a British court? A．Her interaction with others online. B．Negative information on social media platforms. C．Short videos she watched on the Internet. D．Her addiction to online posts. 2．Who should be ultimately responsible for removing negative content according to Chan? A．Parents. B．Schools. C．Content creators. D．Social media platforms. 3．Which of the following statements does Chan probably agree with? A．A supervision mode ought to be introduced by parents. B．The number of younger social media users should be limited. C．It is the responsibility of the society to romanticize mental illnesses. D．Parents should monitor the content to be viewed by teenagers in advance. 4．What does Wu suggest teenagers should do? A．Use social media wisely. B．Reduce social media usage. C．Stay away from online games. D．Learn more about social media. Passage 4 （24-25高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中） Using dozens of cameras set up throughout Sweden’s big forests, weeks-long live broadcasts (电视节目) of deer and other wild animals have caught Swedish audiences’ hearts. As three deer nervously come to a lake on screen, comments on the live TV program flood in. “Go on!”; “Jump in!”; “They’re beautiful!” The program Den stora älgvandringen has attracted a large community that watches and comments on the animals’ every move. Den stora älgvandringen is another example of the so-called “slow TV”, where things are just left to happen at their own pace (节奏). Broadcast for a few weeks each spring on TV and online, the video is recorded in real time from a control room lined with screens. Teams work day and night to offer different viewpoints from 30 cameras, some of which can be controlled from a distance. “We can’t decide what happens. We don’t want everything to be perfect. I mean that this is nature and anything can happen. And we really want to show what it is like,” producer Johan Erhag said. “On all the social media, most things are very stressful. There’s a lot of music in programs. There’s a lot of speaking. But this program is the totally opposite way.” A hunter in his spare time, Persson said he enjoys the slow and natural pace of the show. “It’s kind of calming and also interesting. It’s basically wind blowing and you are waiting for something hopefully to show up. You might think that a day spent waiting would be a day lost but it’s not. Instead, it could be an activity that is quite healthy for more people,” Persson said. “After watching the program, I find there are many things to look at and feel about nature,” Anders Lindberg, a columnist said. “The whole idea of sitting and watching nothing happening for hours in nature is wonderful. We can practice meditation (冥想), which I think for many people is something they lack in big cities. Nature could be a powerful tool used to bridge the gap between mind and body, making us feel close to the world around us.” 1．Which description is special about Den stora älgvandringen? A．It features animals’ fun activities. B．It follows wild animals’ life in a natural way. C．It records animal experiments in natural settings. D．It uses digital sound effects to impress the viewers. 2．What can we learn from Persson’s words about the program? A．It teaches him to protect animals. B．It gives him a sense of achievement. C．It brings him pleasure and relaxation. D．It causes him to pay attention to health. 3．How can the program benefit people according to Anders Lindberg? A．By showing humans’ role in wildlife care. B．By raising their interest in outdoor activities. C．By speeding up local tourism development. D．By encouraging a deeper connection with nature. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．Sweden calls for wildlife protection. B．A realistic nature TV show attracts attention. C．The beauty of Swedish forests comes into sight. D．Directors show their creativity in a slow TV program. Passage 5 （24-25高一下·内蒙古包头·期中） It looks like it could be the child of Pixar movie characters, Wall-E and Eve, but the tiny robot developed by Anki is real enough to hold in your hand. Cozmo is a tiny robot equipped with a powerful brain and an emotion engine, allowing it to get close to humans. The robot, which is worth $180, reacts to your emotions and remembers the faces it’s seen before, communicating through facial expressions and its own unique language. The hand-sized robot is made up of more than 300 parts, and the creators describe him as lovable and a bit naughty. Although he is small, Cozmo is very intelligent. Cozmo checks his environment all the time, and when he sees a face he knows, his eyes will light up in recognition. When put on his charging dock (充电座) , Cozmo goes to sleep, even snoring (打呼噜) as he rests. The robot engages with humans to play games and get to know you over time, and has a “dynamic soundtrack (动态音效) ” that changes depending on his mood or the current activity. With Cozmo’s unique abilities, the researchers aim to bring the magic of robotic characters to life. “We’ve had this promise in science fiction about all the robots that could exist. But in reality, what we have are robots that have been used for industrial, space and research applications,” said Boris Sofman, CEO of Anki. “But there have been very few applications where a robot really feels like a character that connects with humans around them.” The team combines PhD persons who are expert in the field of robotics with game developers and even a lead designer of Batman’s car to create a real-life robotic character that can form connections with humans. He may be playful, but Cozmo’s emotions aren’t limited only to expressions of happiness. If you treat him badly, the tiny robot just might be angry. 1．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．Eve is a role in a film. B．Wall-E was designed by Anki. C．Wall-E can be held in one hand. D．Anki is a member of the Pixar company. 2．How will Cozmo’s react when he sees a familiar person? A．He will hold out his hands. B．He will change his voice. C．He will turn rather joyful. D．He will appear a little shy. 3．Why is Cozmo unique based on paragraph 5? A．He can be used for scientific research in space. B．He can develop relations with humans. C．He usually acts in science fiction films. D．He often helps people do housework. 4．What do we know about Cozmo according to the text? A．He tends to check his environment when charged. B．He doesn’t communicate with unknown people. C．He never gets angry even if treated badly. D．He can have different kinds of feelings. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·辽宁·期中） January 20, 2025, a Chinese tech company named DeepSeek made a new AI called DeepSeek-R1, which has emerged as a pioneer especially in educational technology. This smart program can solve math problems, write code, and answer questions like top models such as OpenAI’s GPT-4o, but it costs much less to build. It combines advanced machine learning methods to provide personalized learning solutions for students worldwide. Unlike traditional AI models that rely on pre-programmed answers, DeepSeek-R1 learns by trying many times and getting better, like how students practice maths. DeepSeek-R1 improves by itself by using reinforcement (强化) learning to simulate (模拟) human reasoning. This allows it to guide students through problem-solving step by step, much like a patient tutor. For example, when a student struggles with a math equation, DeepSeek-R1 doesn’t just give the answer; it breaks down the logic, identifies errors, and encourages critical thinking. The model’s applications extend beyond academics. In language learning, it analyzes (分析) students’ pronunciation through AI speech recognition and offers real-time feedback. For teachers, DeepSeek-R1 can provide lesson plans that agree with curriculum standards and even predict students’ learning difficulties based on historical data. Its “adaptive testing” feature creates customized quizzes that adjust difficulty according to individual progress. However, challenges remain. Critics argue that over-reliance on AI might reduce human interaction in education. DeepSeek’s developers address this by emphasizing its role as a “supplement (补充), not a replacement.” As Dr. Li, a DeepSeek researcher, stated, “Our goal is to free teachers from repetitive tasks so they can focus on inspiring creativity.” Looking ahead, DeepSeek aims to bring virtual reality (VR) into its platform, allowing students to explore historical events or scientific concepts in immersive 3D environments. While ethical debates about AI in education still exist, one thing is clear: tools like DeepSeek are reshaping how we learn, combining technology with human wisdom. 1．What makes DeepSeek-R1 different from traditional AI models? A．It uses pre-programmed answers. B．It focuses on memorization techniques. C．It creates fixed test patterns for all the students. D．It employs reinforcement learning for reasoning. 2．What does the underlined word “adaptive” in paragraph 3 most likely mean? A．fixed B．adjustable C．complex D．outdated 3．What’s the author’s attitude towards the use of DeepSeek-R1? A．skeptical B．critical C．positive D．indifferent 4．What is the main purpose of writing the passage? A．To advertise DeepSeek products. B．To criticize the risks of DeepSeek in schools. C．To discuss the role of DeepSeek in transforming education. D．To compare different AI models. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·吉林通化·期中） Bangladesh has a large population. The nation mainly grows rice. Growing rice requires a lot of water and energy, especially during the dry season from January to June when farmers mostly depend on bringing groundwater to the surface using a machine , which results in serious reduction (减少) of groundwater as well as contributes to greenhouse gas emissions (排放). Researchers from the University of Washington and Bangladesh’s Ministry of Agriculture have developed a system called Integrated Rice Advisory System (IRAS), which works by combining (结合) satellite (人造卫星) data on water use, rainfall, and weather reports with crop water demand characteristics (特点) to produce location-specific suggestions for farmers. The suggestions tell farmers how much water they have, how much they are using, and how much they need for their crops. They also remind farmers if they have over-or under-watered their fields. The IRAS team states that the system can help reduce agricultural water waste by about 30 percent, cut fuel (燃料) use by 45 percent, save $115 million yearly, and lower carbon emissions by 300,000 tons per year. IRAS is an example of how global cooperation and the sharing of important data among nations can help improve food safety, water management, and environmental protection around the world. “In addition to being affordable and convenient for farmers, the method can help the world become more water-saving and energy-saving in growing food,” said Faisal Hossain, professor at the University of Washington and leader of IRAS. The IRAS team completed its first nationwide effort in June 2023, after working with staff from Bangladesh’s Department of Agricultural Extension and Agro-Meteorological Information Service to set up the system. Faisal Hossain and his colleagues want to apply IRAS to other crops that demand large amounts of water in the future, like sugar cane. They believe that this affordable tool will be applied to any area where they know what crop is being grown and what their crop water demand characteristics are. 1．How does IRAS mainly serve farmers? A．By collecting data about weather. B．By observing the growth of crops. C．By guiding them on water management. D．By helping them look for new groundwater. 2．What does the author want to tell us by listing numbers? A．The benefits of the system. B．Researchers’ expectations for the system. C．Significance of global cooperation. D．The necessity of environmental protection. 3．What is Faisal Hossain’s attitude toward the system? A．Unclear. B．Amazed. C．Satisfied. D．Concerned. 4．What may the researchers do next? A．Teach farmers how to use IRAS. B．Try to broaden the reach of IRAS. C．Encourage international cooperation. D．Study characteristics of different crops. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·吉林长春·期中） Museums have regained their popularity among young people because of social media, but one person shared on Twitter that people shouldn’t use such ways for their photos. Milo Atienza Parada, an Instagram user, said that people have been going to museums for the sake of taking selfies(自拍)to be posted on their social media. Although there is nothing wrong with it, he still thinks that museums are places of art appreciation(欣赏). Last month, the National Museum of the Philippines opened its newest building to the public — the National Museum of Natural History. It houses the country’s collections of plants and animals. According to its Facebook post, visitors are not allowed to engage in photography. They are also not allowed to take videos or touch museum objects. However, Parada has noticed that many people have been touching artworks during their visit. Besides, the museum has been turned into a place to take photos. “For visitors who only wish to enjoy artworks, taking selfies bothers them,” said Parada. “They will feel angry when seeing some people taking selfies with great artworks they want to enjoy.” But some museums are now accepting the selfie phenomenon(现象). The Artists’ Network shared that the popularity of selfies is an important factor in making people visit museums. The Frick Collection in New York City allows people to take selfies with the artworks. “If they share those images on social media, museums will get a much appreciated’ word of mouth’ result. Search for information about museum selfies on the Internet and you’ll be surprised by all the fun ways people put themselves and objects of art and history together. And that makes other people visit these museums in person,” Heidi Rosenau, the Frick’s communication director said. 1．Why is Parada against taking selfies in museums? A．It may put pressure on museum management. B．It affects the popularity of social media sites. C．It may take people’s focus away from artworks. D．It damages artworks that should avoid flash photography. 2．What can be learned about the mentioned museum from Paragraph 2? A．Many visitors are blind to its rules. B．Many visitors disagree with its rules. C．It should set up some photo-taking areas. D．It needs to spend more on protecting artworks. 3．According to Paragraph 4, taking selfies in museums can ________ A．leave some special memories for visitors B．offer a new chance to express people’s creativity C．draw people’s attention to the protection of artworks D．promote the artworks and the museums to the public 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The influences of social media on the changes in museums. B．Some benefits and harm of taking selfies in museums. C．Some common behaviors among visitors to museums. D．Different creative ideas for taking selfies in different museums. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·内蒙古乌兰察布·期中） Though fireworks (烟花) on Bonfire Night bring joy to many people, it is likely to be a night of fright and pain for the UK’s geese. Research by Anglia Ruskin University has found that firework displays (表演) cause wild birds to suffer significant pain, and researchers have recommended that displays should not take place in areas with large wildlife populations. A study, published in the journal Conservation Physiology, is one of the first carried out into the effects of fireworks on wildlife. It found that the heart rate of geese increased by 96% when they were influenced by firework displays. The study involved 20 wild greylag geese fitted with recorders to record their heart rates and body temperatures, which are measures of physiological stress. Claudia Wascher, who led the research, found that the average heart rate increased from 63 to 124 beats per minute, and their average body temperature increased from 38℃ to 39℃ in the first hour of firework displays. It took the geese about five hours to display normal body temperatures. “Ours is one of the first scientific studies to examine whether fireworks disturb wildlife. There have been previous studies showing that fireworks can cause anxiety in pets, for example in dogs, but little research has been done into how animals in the wild react. We need to carry out further research to conclusively tell whether the geese are reacting to the noise or the light pollution from the fireworks, or a combination of both. Many people get a lot of enjoyment from fireworks but it’s important that we consider animals both pets and wildlife — whenever planning a display,” Wascher said. 1．What advice do researchers give according to the findings of the study? A．Geese should be protected especially at night. B．Great attention should be paid to the UK’s geese. C．Firework displays should be held without harming wildlife. D．Firework displays should take place to bring joy to people. 2．Why were 20 wild greylag geese fitted with recorders? A．To measure their physiological stress. B．To make them safe and sound in the wild. C．To keep their body temperatures normal. D．To compare the heart rates between them. 3．How long do the geese need to get over the effect of firework displays on body temperatures? A．About four hours. B．About five hours. C．About six hours. D．About ten hours. 4．What might Wascher’s further research be about? A．The influence of a display on pets and wildlife. B．Whether fireworks influence other wild animals. C．The relations between light pollution from fireworks and geese. D．The effects of noise and light pollution from fireworks on geese. 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·辽宁朝阳学·期中） 3D printing is becoming more and more popular. We are now able to create things we need very quickly and easily using 3D printers. But can you imagine printing food? Some scientists are trying to completely change the dining experience by doing this. They hope that having a 3D printer in the kitchen will be as common as the fridge. Scientists say that it’ll be quite easy: You simply have to choose a recipe (食谱) and put the food “inks” into the printer. You can also adapt the instructions to make the food exactly how you want it. This means that it would be very quick and easy to create tasty and healthy meals. Using 3D printers to create your meals would also be saving the environment. There would be less need for traditional growing, transporting and packaging processes as food production would be a lot more efficient. Printing food could also help people who suffer from dysphagia (吞咽困难). They could programme the printer to print softer foods so that they would not have trouble swallowing (吞咽) them. However, some people think that a future of 3D food printing would be a disaster. It could take away many jobs, including those from growing, transporting and packaging food. Imagine a world where there was no need for farming or growing crops and the same tastes could be printed from a “food ink”. Likewise, traditional cafes and restaurants might lose business. Also, there are concerns about the nutritional (营养的) value of printed food: Is it really possible to get the nutrients we need from food-based inks? What’s more, cooking and eating together with family and friends has long been a traditional and enjoyable activity. It is hard to imagine a world where the pleasure of cooking is dead and meals can be created at the touch of a button. 1．Why is the question raised in Paragraph 1? A．To list some facts. B．To show the author’s curiosity. C．To ask readers for their answers. D．To introduce the topic of the text. 2．How does 3D food printing benefit people with dysphagia? A．By printing tasty and healthy meals. B．By cutting down the time spent cooking. C．By producing food that is easier to swallow. D．By helping put more nutrition into the food. 3．What influence might 3D food printing bring? A．Traditional food would disappear. B．We could all eat the same food. C．Many people could lose their jobs. D．It would be bad for the people’s health. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．3D Food Printing: Coming to the Kitchen B．3D Printing Is Able to Create Everything C．The Disadvantages of 3D Food Printing D．3D Printing Food Will Soon Be in Fashion Passage 2 （24-25高一下·内蒙古包头·期中） January 2025 was the hottest January in recorded human history, with global temperatures entering record territory according to Copernicus Climate Change Service and Atmosphere Monitoring Service and ECMWF ERA5 dataset. Climate scientist Zeke Hausfather said that January 2025 was warmer than every January measured by scientists, surpassing the last record set in January 2024 by a sizable margin (幅度). “This means that January 2025 stands out as abnormal even by the standards of the last two years,” Hausfather explains. Scientists expected this January to be cooler than previous Januaries because of the ocean current cycles like El Niño and La Niña. Yet those predictions (预测) did not come to pass. “We don’t have El Niño to kick around anymore,” Yulsman said. “Its impacts actually disappeared months ago. Adding to the puzzle is the fact that we’re in the midst of a La Niña, which typically cools things down.” The year 2024 was the warmest year in modern history, with average global temperatures surpassing 1.5 ℃ above pre-industrial levels for the first time ever. The Atlantic hurricane (飓风) season was unusually extreme, droughts and wildfires causing widespread suffering. Humans emitted (排放) a record-breaking 37.4 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, though. The total carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has increased from 280 ppm before the Industrial Revolution to 420 ppm as of 2023, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “The human emissions of heat-trapping gases are the primary cause of the increases in extreme weather like flood, drought, heatwaves, and generally unusual weather that we are all experiencing,” Dr. Twila Moon, the deputy lead scientist at the National Snow and Ice Data Center, said. “It is well known that reducing these emissions is key to minimizing risk and damage into the future. And how to achieve these reductions is well mapped out with the technology to do it. The pressure is now focused on social, cultural, business and political will.” 1．Why did scientists fail to predict the temperature of January 2025? A．The reference data was limited. B．La Niña didn’t function as expected. C．The influence of El Niño continued. D．Ocean current cycles changed sharply. 2．What do the figures in paragraph 4 mainly show? A．Climate cycles have their own natural phenomena. B．La Nina’s effect is weaker than scientists expected. C．Emissions continue despite worsening climate impacts. D．Global temperatures experience regular ups and downs. 3．What do Dr. Twila Moon’s words suggest in the last paragraph? A．Action falls behind solutions. B．Technology is still the barrier. C．Climate change is unavoidable. D．Governments refuse teamwork. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．La Niña’s Cooling Effect: Why It Failed in 2025? B．Extreme Weather: Has It Been a Concern from 2024? C．El Niño’s Disappearance: a Challenge for Climate Science D．Record Heat and Emissions: a Wake-up Call for Humans Passage 3 （24-25高一下·黑龙江黑河·期中） Many kinds of birds migrate (迁徙) every year, raising a family in one place during the warm summer months before flying to a warmer place to spend the cold winter months. In the northern half of the world, many birds fly north in the summer and south in the winter, looking for food and better conditions. Many birds die along the way. Some of these deaths are the result of human actions, such as hunting or clearing huge areas of land that used to be used by migrating birds. But one of the biggest threats to migrating birds comes from things humans have built. Experts say that as many as one billion birds may die every year in the US alone as a result of flying into buildings. Other tall structures, such as power lines and cell towers, also lead to many bird deaths. Buildings are a special challenge for migrating birds. The windows can reflect things like the sky or trees, causing birds to fly directly into the glass. And many birds migrate at night. As a result, the difficulty in migrating is amplified at night. That is because the bright city lights can confuse birds that are normally guided by the stars. Philadelphia got a sad reminder of that last October when thousands of migrating birds were killed in one night. Over 1,000 birds were believed to have died in just one small area. Scientists still aren’t sure what made that night so bad, but it may have been connected with the low clouds over the city at the time. Now the city begins a program called Lights Out Philly. Twice a year (from April 1 to May 31. and from August 15 to November 15), many of the city’s buildings go dark at night. The program, run by Bird Safe Philly, asks building owners and people who live in the area to keep the lights off between midnight and 6 in the morning. So far, many of the city’s best-known and tallest buildings have taken part in the program. 1．What does paragraph 2 tell us about the migration of birds? A．It takes place once a year. B．It can affect human activities. C．It can be hard and dangerous. D．It is caused by human actions sometimes. 2．What does the underlined word “amplified” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Increased. B．Reduced. C．Handled. D．Replaced. 3．What does the program run by Bird Safe Philly ask people to do? A．Stop hunting birds. B．Go out less at night. C．Build homes for birds in cities. D．Tum off lights during the required time. 4．Why is Lights Out Philly started? A．To protect the environment. B．To educate the public on birds. C．To cut the cost of electricity. D．To help birds pass Philadelphia safely. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·辽宁朝阳·期中） After bikes and umbrellas are made sharable across China, some companies started eyeing the fitness market, so shared gym rooms have hit the streets in Beijing. Unlike common gyms that provide large, open spaces for many members to share at the same time, the newly built shared gym rooms are small, separate rooms for a person to use, often set up near living communities. Every four-square-metre room provides a treadmill (跑步机), an air cleaner, a mirror, a television and an air conditioner, and users can let down the curtains (窗帘) for privacy. When exercising, users can listen to music, watch movies and check emails by connecting to the Internet by the screen fixed on the treadmill. But there’s no shower. Similar to using a shared bike, users can locate a shared gym room by a smartphone app, book a room in advance and then need to scan a QR code (二维码) for use. A refundable deposit (可退还的押金) of 99 yuan is required, and users are charged 1 yuan every 5 minutes. The shared gym rooms are created by Misspao, a Beijing-based technology company founded in July. Within several months since it was founded, the company has already raised over 100 million yuan. However, the idea of the shared fitness experience is not totally new. Last December, the company VRUN set up shared treadmills in office and apartment buildings. The sharing economy is still becoming popular in China. According to Yicai Global, confident people are pouring millions into sharing start-ups. In March, the State Information Centre published a report which says that the total value of China’s sharing economy will see a yearly growth of 40% in the coming years, and it is expected to make a great contribution to the country’s GDP. 1．What makes the shared gym room different from the common one? A．Sharing open spaces. B．Providing free training courses. C．Holding one person at a time. D．Having some advanced equipment. 2．What do people need to do to use the shared gym room? A．Pay 100 yuan first. B．Book a room ahead of time. C．Have a shower before exercise. D．Let down curtains for privacy. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards China’s sharing economy? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Worried. D．Positive. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce shared gym rooms. B．To praise a technology company. C．To support the idea of sharing gym rooms. D．To tell the future of shared gym rooms. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·吉林省·期中） People have been wondering why elephants do not develop cancer even though their lifespans can reach 50 to 70 years. Now scientists believe they know why. A team at the University of Chicago has found that elephants carry a large number of genes (基因) that stop tumors (肿瘤) developing. To be precise, they found 20 copies of an anti-tumor gene called TP53 in elephants. Most other species only carry one copy. According to the research, the extra copies of the gene improve the animal’s sensitivity to DNA damage, which lets the cells quickly kill themselves when damaged before they can go on to form deadly tumors. “An increased risk of developing cancer has stood in the way of the evolution (进化) of large body sizes in many animals,” said the study author Dr. Vincent Lynch. If every living cell has the same chance of becoming cancerous, large creatures with a long lifespan like whales and elephants should have a greater risk of developing cancer than humans and rats. But across species, the risk of cancer does not show a connection with body mass. This phenomenon was found by Oxford University scientist Richard Peto in the 1970s.Biologists believe it results from larger animals using protection that many smaller animals do not use. In the elephant’s case, the making of TP53 is nature’s way of keeping this species alive. The study also found that when the same genes were brought to life in rats, they had the same cancer resistance as elephants. This means researchers could use the discovery to develop new treatments that can help stop cancer spreading or even developing in the first place. “Nature has already figured out how to prevent cancer,” said Joshua Schiffman, a biologist in the University of Utah. “It’s up to us to learn how different animals deal with the problem so that we can use those strategies to prevent cancer in people.” 1．Why are elephants unlikely to develop cancer? A．They have a rather large body size. B．Their genes suffer no DNA damage. C．Certain genes in their body kill existing tumors. D．They carry many genes to prevent tumors developing. 2．According to the passage, what has been a risk in the evolution of large animals? A．Deadly tumors. B．The huge body mass. C．Cells killing themselves. D．Sensitivity to DNA damage. 3．What does the underlined part “This phenomenon” in paragraph 5 probably refer to? A．Larger animals have protection from TP53. B．The risk of cancer is not related to body sizes. C．Larger animals suffer the same risk of cancer as smaller ones. D．The huger animals are, the bigger risk of cancer they will have. 4．What can be concluded from the passage? A．Depending on nature is surely enough to fight against cancer. B．Humans are expected to prevent cancer with the making of TP53. C．The TP53 genes have proved useful in stopping cancer in people. D．The extra copies of elephants’ genes have been used to cure cancer patients. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·黑龙江·期中） Elephants’ important role in maintaining biodiversity (生物多样性) and healthy ecosystems has earned them various names including ecosystem engineers and forest gardeners. However, African forest elephants — a species living in the rainforests of central Africa — are increasingly recognized by another name: “climate heroes”. African forest elephants help lessen climate change by increasing carbon storage (存储) in their forest habitats, meaning they help remove heat-trapping CO2 from the atmosphere. They do this by influencing the forest structure, including by increasing the diversity and abundance (丰盛) of plant species. It’s estimated that one forest elephant can increase the net (净的) carbon capture (捕获) capacity (容量) of the forest by almost 250 acres. This is equal to removing from the atmosphere a year’s worth of emissions (排放量) from 2,047 cars. “As strange as it seems, all that eating and destruction help the forest pull more carbon out of the air,” says Alison Pearce Stevens in the book Animal Climate Heroes!. Elephants eat more than 400 pounds of food a day, so they spend a lot of time searching for food. As they walk through the forest, they do a lot of damage to the surrounding smaller trees, leading to the survival of trees that have the ability to absorb and store more CO2. In addition, their thirst for fruits also helps to promote forest growth. This is because elephants disperse fruit seeds. In other words, the seeds pass through the elephant bodies until they drop back to the forest floor. But African forest elephants are seriously endangered and continue to face threats. These mainly come from hunting for the illegal international trade in elephant ivory (象牙), but also from habitat loss and fewer food sources. The number of forest elephants fell by more than 86% over a period of 31 years, and their habitats are thought to have reduced by 75%. Protecting forest elephants and the forests they depend on means we are safeguarding their ecological contributions that we all rely on. 1．How do African forest elephants help relieve climate change? A．They reduce the diversity of wildlife species. B．They help to maintain the plants of the forest. C．They take in heat-trapping CO2 from the atmosphere. D．They promote the net carbon capture ability of the forest. 2．What does the underlined word “disperse” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Damage. B．Preserve. C．Spread. D．Gather. 3．What are the threats facing African forest elephants? A．Illegal hunting and habitat loss. B．The disturbed balance of the forest ecosystem. C．Natural disasters resulting from climate change. D．Competition for water sources with other animals. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Preserving Forests: Elephants’ Contribution B．New Role of African Forest Elephants: Climate Heroes C．Ivory Trade Threatens African Forest Elephants D．Forest Elephants Are Approaching the Edge of Extinction Passage 2 （24-25高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中） Why are some of us good at math, or writing, while others excel at art or basketball? What causes the differences? Are they largely determined by the genes (nature) we inherit (遗传) from our parents? How much does the social environment (nurture) have to do with it? If you were a scientist interested in these questions, wouldn’t you love to study identical twins? Over the last 10 years, a team of scientists led by psychologist Thomas J. Bouchard Jr. has studied about 65 pairs of identical twins who were raised apart. The scientists bring each pair of twins to the University of Minnesota for a week of intensive testing. They record the twins’ height, weight, eye color, ear shape, and head length. Meanwhile, they give the twins IQ and personality tests. Bouchard’s team has been startled by the similarities between twins raised apart. The twins often have surprisingly similar gestures and postures, for instance. And they have led remarkably similar lives. Adult identical twins also tend to have similar medical histories, developing the eye disease glaucoma at the same time, for example. “The coincidences are not surprising,” some critics of the Minnesota study say. They argue that everyone’s life has so many details that a number of coincidences are bound to exist. What’s more, for every coincidence discovered by a pair of identical twins raised apart, the critics could point to a vast number of undiscovered differences. According to Bouchard, they find that genes play a big part in shaping our personalities-helping to determine whether we respect tradition and like to follow rules or not. The team has reported that intelligence also seems to be influenced much more by genes than by environment. Despite being raised by different families, separated identical twins earned identical or nearly identical scores on adult intelligence tests. Other scientists, however, disagree. “How can you study whether intelligence is inherited when there are so many different ways just to define intelligence?” The problem applies to other traits (特征), they say. Bouchard himself makes the point that even the most closely matched twins are different from each other. So even though genes may have a strong influence over our lives, they’re not the only influence. Our day-to-day experiences help to shape us too. 1．Why are scientists so interested in studying identical twins raised apart in different environments? A．Because it can be studied with a week of intensive testing. B．Because this group of twins have the most striking similarities. C．Because it is a good way to measure the effects of nature and nurture. D．Because there has already been a lot of research on identical twins raised together. 2．What does the underlined word “excel” probably mean in Para.1? A．shine. B．sink. C．resolve. D．consist. 3．Which of the following statements would Bouchard agree to? A．Similarities go hand in hand with differences. B．Nature has a notable influence over our lives. C．Intelligence is something inherited rather than acquired. D．Environment plays a bigger part in personal development. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Inherited Genes Favor Twins B．Environment Tells Apart Twins C．Science Looks Twice at Twins D．Physical Traits Come to Twins Passage 3 （24-25高一下·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·期中） Experts are warning about the risks of extreme picky (挑剔的) eating after a teenager living on a diet of chips and crisps developed lasting sight loss. Eye doctors in Bristol cared for the 17-year-old boy after his sight had gone to the point of blindness. Tests showed he had serious vitamin deficiency (缺乏). Dr. Denize Atan, who treated him at the hospital, said, “His diet was basically a portion of chips from the local fish and chip shop every day. He also used to snack on crisps and sometimes white bread and ham, and not really any fruit and vegetables.” The teenager saw his doctor at the age of 14 because he had been feeling tired and unwell. At that time he suffered from vitamin B12 deficiency, but he did not stick with the treatment or improve his poor diet. Three years later, he was taken to the Bristol Eye Hospital because of progressive sight loss. He was not overweight or underweight, but he had lost minerals from his bones, which was really quite shocking for a boy of his age. In terms of his sight loss, he met the standards of being blind. “He had blind spots right in the middle of his sight,” said Dr. Denize Atan. “That means he can’t drive and would find it really difficult to read, watch TV or recognize faces.” Dr. Denize Atan said that parents should learn about the harm that can be caused by picky eating, and turn to experts for help. For those who are concerned, she advised, “It’s best not to be anxious about picky eating, and instead calmly introduce one or two new foods with every meal.” She said multivitamin tablets can supplement (补充) a diet, but cannot take the place of eating healthily. “It’s much better to take in vitamins through a varied and balanced diet.” she said. “Too many certain vitamins, including vitamin A, can be harmful, so you don’t want to overdo it. 1．What does Dr. Denize Atan mean in paragraph 1? A．The cause of the boy’s disease was unknown. B．Fruit and vegetables are not rich in vitamins. C．Picky eating is common among teenagers. D．The diet of the boy was not balanced. 2．Why did the boy go to see his doctor at the age of 14? A．To improve his poor diet. B．To be treated for his discomfort. C．To get some help to lose weight. D．To slow down his progressive sight loss. 3．What made Dr. Denize Atan surprised so much according to paragraph 3? A．The teenager was unable to watch TV or recognize faces. B．The teenager suffered from vitamin B12 deficiency. C．The teenager lacked a lot of minerals in his body. D．The teenager did not stick with the treatment. 4．What is Dr. Denize Atan’s suggestion on picking eating based on the last paragraph? A．The problem of picky eating is hard to deal with. B．Most people are not adapted to eating new foods. C．Taking in vitamins by having various kinds of foods. D．Taking multivitamin tablets can take the place of eating healthily. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·内蒙古包头·期中） Sunglasses, or dark glasses, have always guarded against strong sunlight, but is there more to “shade” than we think? Our eyes are sensitive and react immediately to strong light. Protecting them against light — even the brightness reflected off snow — is important for everyone. Himalayan mountaineers wear goggles (护目镜) for this exact purpose. The Roman Emperor Nero is reported as holding polished gemstones to his eyes for sun protection as he watched fighting gladiators (角斗士). Canadian far north Copper Inuit and Alaskan Yup’ik wore snow goggles made of whalebone and with tiny slits. They were protected against the snow’s brilliant light when hunting. The narrow eye holes also helped them to focus on their animals. In 12th-century China, judges wore sunglasses with smoked quartz lenses (石英镜片) to hide their facial expressions — perhaps to keep their dignity or not convey emotions. In the18th century, noble Venetian ladies held green colored glasses in tortoiseshell frames to their eyes, a design similar to a hand-held mirror. These glasses were used to protect their eyes and eyes of their children from sunlight. Protection of the eyes took an interesting turn when movie making began. Film stars’ eyes became stressed as artificial studio set lights were very strong. They began to wear colored glasses outside the studio as their eyes became painful. They sought out privacy by wearing dark glasses on public occasions as well. The first anti-glare (防炫光的) glasses, originally with green glass blocking ultraviolet(UV) rays, were invented in 1939. Their shapes reduced light from any angle. Dark glasses were to become increasingly popular accessories from the late 1920s. They took on new life as basic male and female fashions in the 1960s and 1970s. There are hundreds of different designs on the market today. Dark glasses are everywhere: worn on the street, for driving, on the beach and on the tennis court. Dark glasses are rich with different meanings. 1．Why did Himalayan mountaineers wear goggles? A．To protect their eyes from the cold wind in the mountains. B．To help them tell the light of snow from the strong sunlight. C．To protect their eyes from the strong sunlight reflected by snow. D．To be recognized more easily in the snow-covered environment. 2．What does the underlined word “slits” in paragraph 2 probably refer to? A．Openings. B．Coverings. C．Parts. D．Decorations. 3．What was the function of sunglasses for judges in 12th-century China? A．To protect their eyes from sunlight. B．To hide their facial expressions. C．To strengthen their authority during trials. D．To show their professional identity as a judge. 4．What can we infer from the text about sunglasses? A．Not all expensive sunglasses can block UV rays. B．They are mainly used for fashion purposes today. C．They were originally used to protect film stars’ privacy. D．They have served as more than a tool for eye-protection. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了太阳镜从古至今在保护眼睛、遮掩表情、追求时尚等方面的用途。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Our eyes are sensitive and react immediately to strong light. Protecting them against light — even the brightness reflected off snow — is important for everyone. Himalayan mountaineers wear goggles (护目镜) for this exact purpose.(我们的眼睛很敏感，对强光会立即做出反应。保护眼睛免受光线照射——即使是雪反射的强光——对每个人来说都很重要。喜马拉雅登山者戴护目镜正是出于这个目的)”可知，喜马拉雅登山者戴护目镜是为了保护眼睛免受雪反射的强光照射。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Canadian far north Copper Inuit and Alaskan Yup’ik wore snow goggles made of whalebone and with tiny slits. They were protected against the snow’s brilliant light when hunting. The narrow eye holes also helped them to focus on their animals. (加拿大极北地区的铜因纽特人和阿拉斯加的尤皮克人曾佩戴由鲸骨制成、带有细小slits的雪地护目镜。这些护目镜能在他们狩猎时抵御雪地的强光，狭窄的眼孔也有助于他们锁定猎物)”可知，加拿大远北地区的铜因纽特人和阿拉斯加尤皮克人戴的雪地护目镜上有很小的开口，这样他们在狩猎时可以免受雪地强光的照射，而且这些很小的开口也帮助他们集中注意力在动物身上。由此可知，划线词slits与openings“开口”意思一致。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In 12th-century China, judges wore sunglasses with smoked quartz lenses (石英镜片) to hide their facial expressions — perhaps to keep their dignity or not convey emotions.(在12世纪的中国，法官们戴着带有烟熏石英镜片的太阳镜来隐藏他们的面部表情——也许是为了保持他们的尊严或不传达情感)”可知，12世纪的中国法官戴太阳镜的目的是为了在审判中隐藏他们的面部表情。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Sunglasses, or dark glasses, have always guarded against strong sunlight, but is there more to “shade” than we think?(太阳镜，或者叫深色眼镜，一直用来遮挡强烈的阳光，但是“遮阳”的意义是否比我们想象的要丰富呢？)”、第三段中“In 12th-century China, judges wore sunglasses with smoked quartz lenses (石英镜片) to hide their facial expressions — perhaps to keep their dignity or not convey emotions.(在12世纪的中国，法官们戴着带有烟熏石英镜片的太阳镜来隐藏他们的面部表情——也许是为了保持他们的尊严或不传达情感)”以及最后一段中“Dark glasses are rich with different meanings. (深色眼镜有着丰富的不同含义)”可推知，太阳镜的作用不仅仅是保护眼睛。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·内蒙古赤峰·期中） Historically, a university’s primary role has been to ensure students’ outstanding performance academically, but higher education can also change lives by supporting their well-being. Despite growing evidence of the importance of students’ well-being and an abundance of best practices, most universities have yet to prioritize (优先) it as much as they do with enrollment (入学), graduation and grades. A new study led by University of Maine researchers provides guidance on how universities can support and improve students’ well-being, and breaks down the various benefits for learners during and beyond their university career. The study defines well-being as a combined sense of belonging, agency, purpose, identity, citizen engagement (公民参与度) and financial stability. Quoting a long-term investigation, researchers identified key student experiences that result in improved well-being later in life: working at a job or internship (实习); conducting a project that takes a semester or longer to complete; extensively participating in extracurricular (课外的) activities; having at least one professor who either personally cares about their students, and encourages them to pursue their goals or makes them excited to learn. “There is a growing recognition of the importance of affective student outcomes such as a sense of belonging and agency, as well as a lot of evidences showing that student-centered practices can meaningfully support these. We hope that this will encourage other educators to consider how to support well-being in their own learning context,” said Holly White, lead researcher. Researchers identified six guiding principles for improving students’ well-being, among which are Research Learning Experiences (RLEs). According to researchers, RLEs encourage “partner relationships and a sense of belonging, as well as developing purpose and identity through enriching research experiences.” “A unique feature of our RLEs is that they are open to all entering first-year students, no matter what prior experiences students may have had. Our early results on the positive impact of RLEs on students’ overall well-being are very encouraging.” said John Volin, study coauthor. “I think it’s really important to recognize that we can support students’ well-being and learning. These two aspects are not contradictory. It also doesn’t have to be one or the other.” White said. 1．Which may fail to improve students’ well-being according to the text? A．Gaining an internship opportunity. B．Engaging in after-class activities widely. C．Carrying out a long-term project with others. D．Having a professor who is strict about their study. 2．What can we know about RLEs? A．They have been practiced in many universities. B．They are mainly targeted at students lacking in experience. C．They play a positive role in enhancing students’ well-being. D．They are the best method among the guiding principles identified. 3．What do White’s words in the last paragraph suggest? A．Student learning is more important than well-being. B．Universities should take students’ well-being more seriously. C．It is difficult to support students’ well-being in many universities. D．Universities can help with students’ well-being and studies at the same time. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了缅因大学研究人员的一项新研究，该研究为大学如何支持和改善学生的幸福感提供了指导，并分析了其对学生的各种益处。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Quoting a long term investigation, researchers identified key student experiences that result in improved well-being later in life: working at a job or internship (实习); conducting a project that takes a semester or longer to complete; extensively participating in extracurricular (课外的) activities; having at least one professor who either personally cares about their students, and encourages them to pursue their goals or makes them excited to learn.(引用一项长期调查，研究人员确定了能让学生在日后生活中幸福感提升的关键经历：参加工作或实习；开展一个需要一个学期或更长时间才能完成的项目；广泛参与课外活动；至少有一位关心学生、鼓励他们追求目标或让他们对学习充满热情的教授)”可知，获得实习机会、广泛参与课外活动、与他人开展长期项目都能提升学生幸福感，而仅仅有一位对学习严格的教授不一定能提升学生幸福感。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“According to researchers, RLEs encourage ‘partner relationships and a sense of belonging, as well as developing purpose and identity through enriching research experiences.’ ‘Our early results on the positive impact of RLEs on students’ overall well-being are very encouraging.’(据研究人员称，研究学习体验(RLEs)促进‘伙伴关系和归属感，以及通过丰富的研究经历培养目标感和认同感’。‘我们关于RLEs对学生整体幸福感积极影响的早期结果非常令人鼓舞’)”可知，RLEs对提升学生幸福感起到积极作用。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中White的话“I think it’s really important to recognize that we can support students’ well-being and learning. These two aspects are not contradictory. It also doesn’t have to be one or the other.(我认为认识到我们可以同时支持学生的幸福感和学习是非常重要的。这两个方面并不矛盾，也不必二选一)”可知，大学可以同时帮助学生提升幸福感和进行学习。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·吉林长春·期中） Due to social events in recent years, the relationship between social media and teenagers mental health has been under heated discussion. On Sept.30, a British court decided that content on social media platforms led to the depression (抑郁) of 14-year-old Molly Russell. Russell interacted with 2,100 posts related to pessimistic (悲观) and self-harm in the six months, leading up to her depression, reported the Observer website. The correlation has also been proved by science. A study in 2019 showed that the frequent use of social media by teenagers can lead to a decrease in their mental health. So, how can we make sure that teenagers won’t get hurt while using social media? Chan, 18, from the University of Macao shared her experience. Chan said that she once came across short videos romanticizing (浪漫化) mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety. She immediately reported them to the platform. But she said that the users’ power to control videos is still limited. “It is ultimately the responsibility of the social media platforms to get rid of content that is potentially harmful.” She also noticed that the age of social media users has become increasingly younger. Society should pay attention to this, she said. “Since it’s not possible to cut off access to social media for younger users, why not introduce a ‘supervision mode’ (监管模式) with which parents can regulate the content to be viewed by teenagers beforehand?” she said. Wu Chengyu, 18, studies at Tianjin Experimental High School. He said that several years ago he came across a game that attracts teenagers to self-abuse and depression. He quickly chose to ignore it so he wouldn’t be influenced. This is the same way he reacts when exposed to negative content on social media. In Wu’s opinion, teenagers today should improve their social media literacy (素养), telling real from fake and good from bad. “Also, everyone can be a content creator on social media.” he said, “We should all strengthen our awareness of ethics”. 1．What led to Russell’s depression according to a British court? A．Her interaction with others online. B．Negative information on social media platforms. C．Short videos she watched on the Internet. D．Her addiction to online posts. 2．Who should be ultimately responsible for removing negative content according to Chan? A．Parents. B．Schools. C．Content creators. D．Social media platforms. 3．Which of the following statements does Chan probably agree with? A．A supervision mode ought to be introduced by parents. B．The number of younger social media users should be limited. C．It is the responsibility of the society to romanticize mental illnesses. D．Parents should monitor the content to be viewed by teenagers in advance. 4．What does Wu suggest teenagers should do? A．Use social media wisely. B．Reduce social media usage. C．Stay away from online games. D．Learn more about social media. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了社交媒体与青少年心理健康之间的关系并提出一些建议防止社交媒体危害青少年心理健康。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“ Russell interacted with 2,100 posts related to pessimistic (悲观 ) and self-harm in the six months, leading up to her depression, reported the Observer website. (据《观察家报》网站报道，拉塞尔在六个月内与2100条与悲观和自残有关的帖子进行了互动，导致她患上了抑郁症。)”可知，是因为社交媒体平台上的负面信息导致了她的抑郁症。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中“It is ultimately the responsibility of the social media platforms to filter out content that is potentially harmful. (过滤掉可能有害的内容，最终是社交媒体平台的责任。)”可知，她认为社交媒体平台应该最终负责删除负面内容。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中““Since it’s not possible to cut off access to social media for younger users, why not introduce a ‘supervision mode’ (监管模式) with which parents can regulate the content to be viewed by teenagers beforehand?(既然不可能切断年轻用户对社交媒体的访问，为什么不引入一种“监督模式”，父母可以事先监管青少年观看的内容？)”可知，她认为家长应该提前监控青少年观看的内容。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In Wu’s opinion, teenagers today should improve their social media literacy(素养), telling real from fake and good from bad. (在Wu看来，今天的青少年应该提高他们的社交媒体素养，辨别真假和好坏。)”可知，Wu建议青少年应该理智使用社交媒体。故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中） Using dozens of cameras set up throughout Sweden’s big forests, weeks-long live broadcasts (电视节目) of deer and other wild animals have caught Swedish audiences’ hearts. As three deer nervously come to a lake on screen, comments on the live TV program flood in. “Go on!”; “Jump in!”; “They’re beautiful!” The program Den stora älgvandringen has attracted a large community that watches and comments on the animals’ every move. Den stora älgvandringen is another example of the so-called “slow TV”, where things are just left to happen at their own pace (节奏). Broadcast for a few weeks each spring on TV and online, the video is recorded in real time from a control room lined with screens. Teams work day and night to offer different viewpoints from 30 cameras, some of which can be controlled from a distance. “We can’t decide what happens. We don’t want everything to be perfect. I mean that this is nature and anything can happen. And we really want to show what it is like,” producer Johan Erhag said. “On all the social media, most things are very stressful. There’s a lot of music in programs. There’s a lot of speaking. But this program is the totally opposite way.” A hunter in his spare time, Persson said he enjoys the slow and natural pace of the show. “It’s kind of calming and also interesting. It’s basically wind blowing and you are waiting for something hopefully to show up. You might think that a day spent waiting would be a day lost but it’s not. Instead, it could be an activity that is quite healthy for more people,” Persson said. “After watching the program, I find there are many things to look at and feel about nature,” Anders Lindberg, a columnist said. “The whole idea of sitting and watching nothing happening for hours in nature is wonderful. We can practice meditation (冥想), which I think for many people is something they lack in big cities. Nature could be a powerful tool used to bridge the gap between mind and body, making us feel close to the world around us.” 1．Which description is special about Den stora älgvandringen? A．It features animals’ fun activities. B．It follows wild animals’ life in a natural way. C．It records animal experiments in natural settings. D．It uses digital sound effects to impress the viewers. 2．What can we learn from Persson’s words about the program? A．It teaches him to protect animals. B．It gives him a sense of achievement. C．It brings him pleasure and relaxation. D．It causes him to pay attention to health. 3．How can the program benefit people according to Anders Lindberg? A．By showing humans’ role in wildlife care. B．By raising their interest in outdoor activities. C．By speeding up local tourism development. D．By encouraging a deeper connection with nature. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．Sweden calls for wildlife protection. B．A realistic nature TV show attracts attention. C．The beauty of Swedish forests comes into sight. D．Directors show their creativity in a slow TV program. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了瑞典的一项名为“Den stora älgvandringen”的慢电视节目。这个节目使用数十台摄像机在瑞典的大森林中拍摄，连续数周实时直播野鹿和其他野生动物的画面。这个节目吸引了大量观众，他们观看并评论动物的每一个动作。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Using dozens of cameras set up throughout Sweden’s big forests, weeks-long live broadcasts (电视节目) of deer and other wild animals have caught Swedish audiences’ hearts. (通过在瑞典的大片森林中设置数十台摄像机，对鹿和其他野生动物进行为期数周的现场直播，已经俘获了瑞典观众的心)”以及第二段中“Den stora älgvandringen is another example of the so-called “slow TV”, where things are just left to happen at their own pace (节奏). Broadcast for a few weeks each spring on TV and online, the video is recorded in real time from a control room lined with screens. Teams work day and night to offer different viewpoints from 30 cameras, some of which can be controlled from a distance. “We can’t decide what happens. We don’t want everything to be perfect. I mean that this is nature and anything can happen. And we really want to show what it is like,” producer Johan Erhag said. (Den stora älgvandringen是所谓的“慢电视”的另一个例子，在那里事情只是按照自己的节奏发生。每年春天在电视和网络上播放几周，视频是在一个布满屏幕的控制室里实时录制的。团队夜以继日地工作，通过30台摄像机提供不同的视角，其中一些可以从远处控制。“我们无法决定会发生什么。我们不希望一切都是完美的。我的意思是，这是自然规律，任何事情都可能发生。我们真的很想展示它是什么样的，”制片人Johan Erhag说)”可知，Den stora älgvandringen这档节目以一种自然的方式记录了野生动物的生活。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“A hunter in his spare time, Persson said he enjoys the slow and natural pace of the show. “It’s kind of calming and also interesting. It’s basically wind blowing and you are waiting for something hopefully to show up. You might think that a day spent waiting would be a day lost but it’s not. Instead, it could be an activity that is quite healthy for more people,” Persson said. (Persson是一名业余猎人，他说他喜欢这个节目缓慢而自然的节奏。“这是一种平静，也很有趣。基本上就是风在吹，你在等待有希望的东西出现。你可能会认为等待一天就等于浪费了一天，但事实并非如此。相反，它可能是一项对更多人来说非常健康的活动。” Persson说)”可知，Persson喜欢这个节目缓慢而自然的节奏，认为这档节目让人开心而且感到放松。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““After watching the program, I find there are many things to look at and feel about nature,” Anders Lindberg, a columnist said. “The whole idea of sitting and watching nothing happening for hours in nature is wonderful. We can practice meditation (冥想), which I think for many people is something they lack in big cities. Nature could be a powerful tool used to bridge the gap between mind and body, making us feel close to the world around us.” (专栏作家Anders Lindberg说：“看完这个节目，我发现大自然有很多东西可以看，可以感受。在大自然中坐着几个小时，什么都不发生，这种想法太棒了。我们可以练习冥想，对很多人来说，这是他们在大城市所缺乏的。大自然可以成为一个强大的工具，用来弥合心灵和身体之间的鸿沟，让我们感觉更接近我们周围的世界。”)”可推知，Anders Lindberg认为这个节目可以通过鼓励人们与自然建立更深的联系来使人们受益。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Using dozens of cameras set up throughout Sweden’s big forests, weeks-long live broadcasts (电视节目) of deer and other wild animals have caught Swedish audiences’ hearts. (通过在瑞典的大片森林中设置数十台摄像机，对鹿和其他野生动物进行为期数周的现场直播，已经俘获了瑞典观众的心)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一档真实的自然电视节目Den stora älgvandringen吸引了人们的注意。故选B。 Passage 5 （24-25高一下·内蒙古包头·期中） It looks like it could be the child of Pixar movie characters, Wall-E and Eve, but the tiny robot developed by Anki is real enough to hold in your hand. Cozmo is a tiny robot equipped with a powerful brain and an emotion engine, allowing it to get close to humans. The robot, which is worth $180, reacts to your emotions and remembers the faces it’s seen before, communicating through facial expressions and its own unique language. The hand-sized robot is made up of more than 300 parts, and the creators describe him as lovable and a bit naughty. Although he is small, Cozmo is very intelligent. Cozmo checks his environment all the time, and when he sees a face he knows, his eyes will light up in recognition. When put on his charging dock (充电座) , Cozmo goes to sleep, even snoring (打呼噜) as he rests. The robot engages with humans to play games and get to know you over time, and has a “dynamic soundtrack (动态音效) ” that changes depending on his mood or the current activity. With Cozmo’s unique abilities, the researchers aim to bring the magic of robotic characters to life. “We’ve had this promise in science fiction about all the robots that could exist. But in reality, what we have are robots that have been used for industrial, space and research applications,” said Boris Sofman, CEO of Anki. “But there have been very few applications where a robot really feels like a character that connects with humans around them.” The team combines PhD persons who are expert in the field of robotics with game developers and even a lead designer of Batman’s car to create a real-life robotic character that can form connections with humans. He may be playful, but Cozmo’s emotions aren’t limited only to expressions of happiness. If you treat him badly, the tiny robot just might be angry. 1．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．Eve is a role in a film. B．Wall-E was designed by Anki. C．Wall-E can be held in one hand. D．Anki is a member of the Pixar company. 2．How will Cozmo’s react when he sees a familiar person? A．He will hold out his hands. B．He will change his voice. C．He will turn rather joyful. D．He will appear a little shy. 3．Why is Cozmo unique based on paragraph 5? A．He can be used for scientific research in space. B．He can develop relations with humans. C．He usually acts in science fiction films. D．He often helps people do housework. 4．What do we know about Cozmo according to the text? A．He tends to check his environment when charged. B．He doesn’t communicate with unknown people. C．He never gets angry even if treated badly. D．He can have different kinds of feelings. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款新型机器人，他能够像一个与他们周围的人互动并产生纽带关系。且他能够富有情感并认出他熟悉的人。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“It looks like it could be the child of Pixar movie characters, Wall-E and Eve, but the tiny robot developed by Anki is real enough to hold in your hand.(它看起来像是能成为皮克斯电影角色Wall-E和Eve的孩子，但是Anki开发的微型机器人足够真实，可以握在你的手上。)”可知，Eve是皮克斯电影里的角色，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Cozmo checks his environment all the time, and when he sees a face he knows, his eyes will light up in recognition.( Cozmo一直在检查它的环境，当它一看到一张熟悉的脸时，它的眼睛会亮起来。)”可知，当Cozmo看到熟悉的人时，它的眼睛会亮起来，表现得非常高兴。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“With Cozmo’s unique abilities, the researchers aim to bring the magic of robotic characters to life. “We’ve had this promise in science fiction about all the robots that could exist. But in reality, what we have are robots that have been used for industrial, space and research applications,” said Boris Sofman, CEO of Anki. “But there have been very few applications where a robot really feels like a character that connects with humans around them.”(凭借Cozmo的独特能力，研究人员的目标是将机器人角色的魔力带入生活。Anki的首席执行官Boris Sofman说道：“我们在科幻小说中对所有可能存在的机器人都有这样的承诺。但实际上，我们拥有的是用于工业、太空和研究应用的机器人。但很少有应用程序让机器人真正感觉像是一个与周围人类联系的角色。”)”可知，Cozmo的独特之处就在于它能与周围人类产生联系，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“He may be playful, but Cozmo’s emotions aren’t limited only to expressions of happiness. If you treat him badly, the tiny robot just might be angry.(他可能很顽皮，但Cozmo的情绪不仅仅局限于表达幸福。如果你对他不好，这个小机器人可能会生气。)”可知，Cozmo的情绪不仅仅是幸福，还会生气，因此他有着不同的情绪，故选D。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·辽宁·期中） January 20, 2025, a Chinese tech company named DeepSeek made a new AI called DeepSeek-R1, which has emerged as a pioneer especially in educational technology. This smart program can solve math problems, write code, and answer questions like top models such as OpenAI’s GPT-4o, but it costs much less to build. It combines advanced machine learning methods to provide personalized learning solutions for students worldwide. Unlike traditional AI models that rely on pre-programmed answers, DeepSeek-R1 learns by trying many times and getting better, like how students practice maths. DeepSeek-R1 improves by itself by using reinforcement (强化) learning to simulate (模拟) human reasoning. This allows it to guide students through problem-solving step by step, much like a patient tutor. For example, when a student struggles with a math equation, DeepSeek-R1 doesn’t just give the answer; it breaks down the logic, identifies errors, and encourages critical thinking. The model’s applications extend beyond academics. In language learning, it analyzes (分析) students’ pronunciation through AI speech recognition and offers real-time feedback. For teachers, DeepSeek-R1 can provide lesson plans that agree with curriculum standards and even predict students’ learning difficulties based on historical data. Its “adaptive testing” feature creates customized quizzes that adjust difficulty according to individual progress. However, challenges remain. Critics argue that over-reliance on AI might reduce human interaction in education. DeepSeek’s developers address this by emphasizing its role as a “supplement (补充), not a replacement.” As Dr. Li, a DeepSeek researcher, stated, “Our goal is to free teachers from repetitive tasks so they can focus on inspiring creativity.” Looking ahead, DeepSeek aims to bring virtual reality (VR) into its platform, allowing students to explore historical events or scientific concepts in immersive 3D environments. While ethical debates about AI in education still exist, one thing is clear: tools like DeepSeek are reshaping how we learn, combining technology with human wisdom. 1．What makes DeepSeek-R1 different from traditional AI models? A．It uses pre-programmed answers. B．It focuses on memorization techniques. C．It creates fixed test patterns for all the students. D．It employs reinforcement learning for reasoning. 2．What does the underlined word “adaptive” in paragraph 3 most likely mean? A．fixed B．adjustable C．complex D．outdated 3．What’s the author’s attitude towards the use of DeepSeek-R1? A．skeptical B．critical C．positive D．indifferent 4．What is the main purpose of writing the passage? A．To advertise DeepSeek products. B．To criticize the risks of DeepSeek in schools. C．To discuss the role of DeepSeek in transforming education. D．To compare different AI models. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了中国AI公司DeepSeek及其最新模型DeepSeek-R1在教育技术中的应用、优势、挑战及未来发展方向。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Unlike traditional AI models that rely on pre-programmed answers, DeepSeek-R1 learns by trying many times and getting better, like how students practice maths. DeepSeek-R1 improves by itself by using reinforcement (强化) learning to simulate (模拟) human reasoning.(与依赖于预编程答案的传统人工智能模型不同，DeepSeek-R1通过多次尝试并变得更好来学习，就像学生练习数学一样。DeepSeek-R1通过使用强化学习来模拟人类推理，从而自我改进。)”可知，DeepSeek-R1与传统人工智能模型不同的地方在于它通过使用强化学习来模拟人类推理，从而自我改进。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“creates customized quizzes that adjust difficulty according to individual progress”可知，DeepSeek-R1可以创建定制的测验，根据个人进度调整难度，这说明测验是可以调整的，由此可推测出，adaptive testing表示“适应性测验”，adaptive意为“适应的”，与adjustable意思一致。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While ethical debates about AI in education still exist, one thing is clear: tools like DeepSeek are reshaping how we learn, combining technology with human wisdom.(尽管关于教育中人工智能的伦理争论仍然存在，但有一点是明确的：DeepSeek等工具正在重塑我们的学习方式，将技术与人类智慧相结合。)”可知，作者认为人工智能工具结合技术与人类智慧，重塑学习方式，由此可推测出，作者对DeepSeek-R1持积极态度。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“January 20, 2025, a Chinese tech company named DeepSeek made a new AI called DeepSeek-R1, which has emerged as a pioneer especially in educational technology.(2025年1月20日，一家名为DeepSeek的中国科技公司制造了一款名为DeepSeek-R1的新型人工智能，它已成为教育技术领域的先驱。)”并结合下文内容可知，本文主要讲述了DeepSeek-R1对教育的影响，介绍了它帮助学生解决问题的方式、给学生制定个性化测试、对教师的辅助作用、为学生创造沉浸式学习环境，由此可推测出，本文主要是讨论DeepSeek在改变教育上所起的作用。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·吉林通化·期中） Bangladesh has a large population. The nation mainly grows rice. Growing rice requires a lot of water and energy, especially during the dry season from January to June when farmers mostly depend on bringing groundwater to the surface using a machine , which results in serious reduction (减少) of groundwater as well as contributes to greenhouse gas emissions (排放). Researchers from the University of Washington and Bangladesh’s Ministry of Agriculture have developed a system called Integrated Rice Advisory System (IRAS), which works by combining (结合) satellite (人造卫星) data on water use, rainfall, and weather reports with crop water demand characteristics (特点) to produce location-specific suggestions for farmers. The suggestions tell farmers how much water they have, how much they are using, and how much they need for their crops. They also remind farmers if they have over-or under-watered their fields. The IRAS team states that the system can help reduce agricultural water waste by about 30 percent, cut fuel (燃料) use by 45 percent, save $115 million yearly, and lower carbon emissions by 300,000 tons per year. IRAS is an example of how global cooperation and the sharing of important data among nations can help improve food safety, water management, and environmental protection around the world. “In addition to being affordable and convenient for farmers, the method can help the world become more water-saving and energy-saving in growing food,” said Faisal Hossain, professor at the University of Washington and leader of IRAS. The IRAS team completed its first nationwide effort in June 2023, after working with staff from Bangladesh’s Department of Agricultural Extension and Agro-Meteorological Information Service to set up the system. Faisal Hossain and his colleagues want to apply IRAS to other crops that demand large amounts of water in the future, like sugar cane. They believe that this affordable tool will be applied to any area where they know what crop is being grown and what their crop water demand characteristics are. 1．How does IRAS mainly serve farmers? A．By collecting data about weather. B．By observing the growth of crops. C．By guiding them on water management. D．By helping them look for new groundwater. 2．What does the author want to tell us by listing numbers? A．The benefits of the system. B．Researchers’ expectations for the system. C．Significance of global cooperation. D．The necessity of environmental protection. 3．What is Faisal Hossain’s attitude toward the system? A．Unclear. B．Amazed. C．Satisfied. D．Concerned. 4．What may the researchers do next? A．Teach farmers how to use IRAS. B．Try to broaden the reach of IRAS. C．Encourage international cooperation. D．Study characteristics of different crops. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。孟加拉国因种植水稻大量抽取地下水并排放温室气体，多国研究人员开发IRAS系统，结合卫星数据等为农民提供用水建议，可减少水和燃料浪费、降低碳排放，未来计划应用于其他需水量大的作物。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchers from the University of Washington and Bangladesh’s Ministry of Agriculture have developed a system called Integrated Rice Advisory System (IRAS), which works by combining (结合) satellite (人造卫星) data on water use, rainfall, and weather reports with crop water demand characteristics (特点) to produce location-specific suggestions for farmers.(来自华盛顿大学和孟加拉国农业部的研究人员共同开发了一种名为“综合水稻咨询系统”（IRAS）的系统。该系统通过将有关用水情况、降雨量和天气报告的卫星数据与作物用水需求特点相结合，为农民提供针对具体地点的建议)”可知，IRAS通过指导农民进行水资源管理为农民服务。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“The IRAS team states that the system can help reduce agricultural water waste by about 30 percent, cut fuel (燃料) use by 45 percent, save $115 million yearly, and lower carbon emissions by 300,000 tons per year.( IRAS团队表示，该系统能够帮助减少约30%的农业用水浪费，降低45%的燃料消耗，每年节省1.15亿美元，并每年减少30万吨的碳排放)”可知，作者通过列举数字想要告诉我们这个系统的优点。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““In addition to being affordable and convenient for farmers, the method can help the world become more water-saving and energy-saving in growing food,” said Faisal Hossain, professor at the University of Washington and leader of IRAS.(华盛顿大学教授、国际水资源与农业研究组织负责人费萨尔·侯赛因表示：“这种方法不仅对农民来说经济实惠、方便实用，还能帮助全世界在粮食种植过程中实现更节水、更节能的目标。”)”可知，费萨尔·侯赛因对这个系统感到满意。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Faisal Hossain and his colleagues want to apply IRAS to other crops that demand large amounts of water in the future, like sugar cane. They believe that this affordable tool will be applied to any area where they know what crop is being grown and what their crop water demand characteristics are.(费萨尔·侯赛因及其团队希望将红外线遥感技术应用于未来需水量较大的其他作物上，比如甘蔗。他们认为，这种成本低廉的技术将适用于任何已知种植何种作物以及该作物的用水需求特征的区域)”可知，研究人员接下来可能会尝试扩大IRAS的覆盖范围。故选B。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·吉林长春·期中） Museums have regained their popularity among young people because of social media, but one person shared on Twitter that people shouldn’t use such ways for their photos. Milo Atienza Parada, an Instagram user, said that people have been going to museums for the sake of taking selfies(自拍)to be posted on their social media. Although there is nothing wrong with it, he still thinks that museums are places of art appreciation(欣赏). Last month, the National Museum of the Philippines opened its newest building to the public — the National Museum of Natural History. It houses the country’s collections of plants and animals. According to its Facebook post, visitors are not allowed to engage in photography. They are also not allowed to take videos or touch museum objects. However, Parada has noticed that many people have been touching artworks during their visit. Besides, the museum has been turned into a place to take photos. “For visitors who only wish to enjoy artworks, taking selfies bothers them,” said Parada. “They will feel angry when seeing some people taking selfies with great artworks they want to enjoy.” But some museums are now accepting the selfie phenomenon(现象). The Artists’ Network shared that the popularity of selfies is an important factor in making people visit museums. The Frick Collection in New York City allows people to take selfies with the artworks. “If they share those images on social media, museums will get a much appreciated’ word of mouth’ result. Search for information about museum selfies on the Internet and you’ll be surprised by all the fun ways people put themselves and objects of art and history together. And that makes other people visit these museums in person,” Heidi Rosenau, the Frick’s communication director said. 1．Why is Parada against taking selfies in museums? A．It may put pressure on museum management. B．It affects the popularity of social media sites. C．It may take people’s focus away from artworks. D．It damages artworks that should avoid flash photography. 2．What can be learned about the mentioned museum from Paragraph 2? A．Many visitors are blind to its rules. B．Many visitors disagree with its rules. C．It should set up some photo-taking areas. D．It needs to spend more on protecting artworks. 3．According to Paragraph 4, taking selfies in museums can ________ A．leave some special memories for visitors B．offer a new chance to express people’s creativity C．draw people’s attention to the protection of artworks D．promote the artworks and the museums to the public 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The influences of social media on the changes in museums. B．Some benefits and harm of taking selfies in museums. C．Some common behaviors among visitors to museums. D．Different creative ideas for taking selfies in different museums. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了社交媒体对博物馆参观行为的影响，包括自拍现象在博物馆中的普及、不同博物馆对自拍行为的不同态度以及自拍对博物馆参观体验和宣传的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段““For visitors who only wish to enjoy artworks, taking selfies bothers them,” said Parada. “They will feel angry when seeing some people taking selfies with great artworks they want to enjoy.”(“对于那些只想欣赏艺术品的参观者来说，自拍行为会打扰到他们，”Parada说，“当看到有人与他们想要欣赏的伟大艺术品自拍时，他们会感到恼火。”)”可知，Parada认为对于只想欣赏艺术品的参观者来说，自拍行为打扰到了他们，使人们的注意力从艺术品上转移开，所以他反对在博物馆自拍。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“According to its Facebook post, visitors are not allowed to engage in photography. They are also not allowed to take videos or touch museum objects. However, Parada has noticed that many people have been touching artworks during their visit. Besides, the museum has been turned into a place to take photos.(根据其脸书帖子内容，参观者不允许拍照，也不允许拍摄视频或触摸馆内展品。然而，Parada注意到，很多人在参观时会触摸艺术品。此外，博物馆已沦为一个拍照之地。)”可知，该博物馆在脸书上发布规定，参观者不允许拍照、拍视频或触摸展品。然而很多参观者在参观时触摸艺术品且将博物馆当作拍照之地，无视了博物馆的规定。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段““If they share those images on social media, museums will get a much appreciated’ word of mouth’ result. Search for information about museum selfies on the Internet and you’ll be surprised by all the fun ways people put themselves and objects of art and history together. And that makes other people visit these museums in person,” Heidi Rosenau, the Frick’s communication director said.(“如果他们在社交媒体上分享这些照片，博物馆将获得备受赞赏的“口碑”效应。在网上搜索关于博物馆自拍的信息，你会惊讶地发现人们将自己与艺术和历史展品融合在一起的各种有趣方式。这会促使其他人亲自前来参观这些博物馆，” 弗里克收藏馆的公关总监Heidi Rosenau说道。)”可知，如果人们在社交媒体上分享在博物馆自拍的照片，博物馆会得到口碑传播，吸引其他人亲自来参观，这说明在博物馆自拍能向公众宣传艺术品和博物馆。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章前半部分通过 Parada 的观点阐述了在博物馆自拍的弊端，如影响他人欣赏艺术品等；后半部分指出一些博物馆接受自拍现象，因其能通过社交媒体宣传博物馆，带来积极影响，所以文章主要讲的是在博物馆自拍的一些好处与坏处。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·内蒙古乌兰察布·期中） Though fireworks (烟花) on Bonfire Night bring joy to many people, it is likely to be a night of fright and pain for the UK’s geese. Research by Anglia Ruskin University has found that firework displays (表演) cause wild birds to suffer significant pain, and researchers have recommended that displays should not take place in areas with large wildlife populations. A study, published in the journal Conservation Physiology, is one of the first carried out into the effects of fireworks on wildlife. It found that the heart rate of geese increased by 96% when they were influenced by firework displays. The study involved 20 wild greylag geese fitted with recorders to record their heart rates and body temperatures, which are measures of physiological stress. Claudia Wascher, who led the research, found that the average heart rate increased from 63 to 124 beats per minute, and their average body temperature increased from 38℃ to 39℃ in the first hour of firework displays. It took the geese about five hours to display normal body temperatures. “Ours is one of the first scientific studies to examine whether fireworks disturb wildlife. There have been previous studies showing that fireworks can cause anxiety in pets, for example in dogs, but little research has been done into how animals in the wild react. We need to carry out further research to conclusively tell whether the geese are reacting to the noise or the light pollution from the fireworks, or a combination of both. Many people get a lot of enjoyment from fireworks but it’s important that we consider animals both pets and wildlife — whenever planning a display,” Wascher said. 1．What advice do researchers give according to the findings of the study? A．Geese should be protected especially at night. B．Great attention should be paid to the UK’s geese. C．Firework displays should be held without harming wildlife. D．Firework displays should take place to bring joy to people. 2．Why were 20 wild greylag geese fitted with recorders? A．To measure their physiological stress. B．To make them safe and sound in the wild. C．To keep their body temperatures normal. D．To compare the heart rates between them. 3．How long do the geese need to get over the effect of firework displays on body temperatures? A．About four hours. B．About five hours. C．About six hours. D．About ten hours. 4．What might Wascher’s further research be about? A．The influence of a display on pets and wildlife. B．Whether fireworks influence other wild animals. C．The relations between light pollution from fireworks and geese. D．The effects of noise and light pollution from fireworks on geese. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了安格利亚鲁斯金大学的研究发现，烟花表演对野生鸟类造成了显著的痛苦，并建议不要在野生动物数量众多的地区进行烟花表演。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Research by Anglia Ruskin University has found that firework displays cause wild birds to suffer significant pain, and researchers have recommended that displays should not take place in areas with large wildlife populations.(安格利亚鲁斯金大学的研究发现，烟花表演会让野生鸟类遭受巨大痛苦，研究人员建议不要在野生动物数量众多的地区进行烟花表演。)”可知，研究人员建议烟花表演应该在不伤害野生动物的情况下进行。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“The study involved 20 wild greylag geese fitted with recorders to record their heart rates and body temperatures, which are measures of physiological stress.(这项研究涉及20只安装了记录器的野生灰雁，记录它们的心率和体温，这是衡量生理压力的指标。)”可知，给20只野生灰雁安装记录器是为了测量它们的生理压力。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“It took the geese about five hours to display normal body temperatures.(鹅大约需要五个小时才能显示正常的体温。)”可知，鹅需要大约五个小时才能克服烟花表演对体温的影响。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“We need to carry out further research to conclusively tell whether the geese are reacting to the noise or the light pollution from the fireworks, or a combination of both.(我们需要进行进一步的研究，以确定鹅是对烟花的噪音、光污染还是两者的结合做出反应。)”可知，Wascher的进一步研究可能会是关于烟花的噪音和光污染对鹅的影响。故选D。 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·辽宁朝阳学·期中） 3D printing is becoming more and more popular. We are now able to create things we need very quickly and easily using 3D printers. But can you imagine printing food? Some scientists are trying to completely change the dining experience by doing this. They hope that having a 3D printer in the kitchen will be as common as the fridge. Scientists say that it’ll be quite easy: You simply have to choose a recipe (食谱) and put the food “inks” into the printer. You can also adapt the instructions to make the food exactly how you want it. This means that it would be very quick and easy to create tasty and healthy meals. Using 3D printers to create your meals would also be saving the environment. There would be less need for traditional growing, transporting and packaging processes as food production would be a lot more efficient. Printing food could also help people who suffer from dysphagia (吞咽困难). They could programme the printer to print softer foods so that they would not have trouble swallowing (吞咽) them. However, some people think that a future of 3D food printing would be a disaster. It could take away many jobs, including those from growing, transporting and packaging food. Imagine a world where there was no need for farming or growing crops and the same tastes could be printed from a “food ink”. Likewise, traditional cafes and restaurants might lose business. Also, there are concerns about the nutritional (营养的) value of printed food: Is it really possible to get the nutrients we need from food-based inks? What’s more, cooking and eating together with family and friends has long been a traditional and enjoyable activity. It is hard to imagine a world where the pleasure of cooking is dead and meals can be created at the touch of a button. 1．Why is the question raised in Paragraph 1? A．To list some facts. B．To show the author’s curiosity. C．To ask readers for their answers. D．To introduce the topic of the text. 2．How does 3D food printing benefit people with dysphagia? A．By printing tasty and healthy meals. B．By cutting down the time spent cooking. C．By producing food that is easier to swallow. D．By helping put more nutrition into the food. 3．What influence might 3D food printing bring? A．Traditional food would disappear. B．We could all eat the same food. C．Many people could lose their jobs. D．It would be bad for the people’s health. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．3D Food Printing: Coming to the Kitchen B．3D Printing Is Able to Create Everything C．The Disadvantages of 3D Food Printing D．3D Printing Food Will Soon Be in Fashion 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是3D打印食品的前景、优势及可能带来的问题。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段 “But can you imagine printing food?(但是你能想象打印食物吗？)” 以一个问题开头，结合后文围绕 3D 打印食物展开的讨论，可知这个问题是为了引出文章关于 3D 打印食物的主题。选项D。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段 “Printing food could also help people who suffer from dysphagia (吞咽困难). They could programme the printer to print softer foods so that they would not have trouble swallowing (吞咽) them.(3D 打印食物还可以帮助吞咽困难的人。他们可以给打印机编程，打印出更软的食物，这样他们吞咽就不会有困难)” 可知，3D 食物打印通过生产更容易吞咽的食物来帮助吞咽困难的人。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段“It could take away many jobs, including those from growing, transporting and packaging food.(它可能会夺走许多工作，包括种植、运输和包装食品相关的工作)” 可知，3D 食物打印可能会使许多人失去工作。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。主要探讨了 3D 打印食物这一新兴技术。文章开篇通过提问引出主题，接着阐述了 3D 打印食物在改变用餐体验、保护环境、帮助吞咽困难人群等方面的优势，同时也指出了其可能带来的问题，如导致许多人失业、引发对食物营养价值的担忧以及改变传统烹饪和用餐方式等。选项 A“3D 食物打印：走进厨房” 为最佳标题。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·内蒙古包头·期中） January 2025 was the hottest January in recorded human history, with global temperatures entering record territory according to Copernicus Climate Change Service and Atmosphere Monitoring Service and ECMWF ERA5 dataset. Climate scientist Zeke Hausfather said that January 2025 was warmer than every January measured by scientists, surpassing the last record set in January 2024 by a sizable margin (幅度). “This means that January 2025 stands out as abnormal even by the standards of the last two years,” Hausfather explains. Scientists expected this January to be cooler than previous Januaries because of the ocean current cycles like El Niño and La Niña. Yet those predictions (预测) did not come to pass. “We don’t have El Niño to kick around anymore,” Yulsman said. “Its impacts actually disappeared months ago. Adding to the puzzle is the fact that we’re in the midst of a La Niña, which typically cools things down.” The year 2024 was the warmest year in modern history, with average global temperatures surpassing 1.5 ℃ above pre-industrial levels for the first time ever. The Atlantic hurricane (飓风) season was unusually extreme, droughts and wildfires causing widespread suffering. Humans emitted (排放) a record-breaking 37.4 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, though. The total carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has increased from 280 ppm before the Industrial Revolution to 420 ppm as of 2023, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “The human emissions of heat-trapping gases are the primary cause of the increases in extreme weather like flood, drought, heatwaves, and generally unusual weather that we are all experiencing,” Dr. Twila Moon, the deputy lead scientist at the National Snow and Ice Data Center, said. “It is well known that reducing these emissions is key to minimizing risk and damage into the future. And how to achieve these reductions is well mapped out with the technology to do it. The pressure is now focused on social, cultural, business and political will.” 1．Why did scientists fail to predict the temperature of January 2025? A．The reference data was limited. B．La Niña didn’t function as expected. C．The influence of El Niño continued. D．Ocean current cycles changed sharply. 2．What do the figures in paragraph 4 mainly show? A．Climate cycles have their own natural phenomena. B．La Nina’s effect is weaker than scientists expected. C．Emissions continue despite worsening climate impacts. D．Global temperatures experience regular ups and downs. 3．What do Dr. Twila Moon’s words suggest in the last paragraph? A．Action falls behind solutions. B．Technology is still the barrier. C．Climate change is unavoidable. D．Governments refuse teamwork. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．La Niña’s Cooling Effect: Why It Failed in 2025? B．Extreme Weather: Has It Been a Concern from 2024? C．El Niño’s Disappearance: a Challenge for Climate Science D．Record Heat and Emissions: a Wake-up Call for Humans 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了2025年1月成为有记录以来人类历史上最热的1月这一气候事件，并提供了相关的背景信息、科学家的解释以及人类活动对气候变化的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Scientists expected this January to be cooler than previous Januaries because of the ocean current cycles like El Niño and La Niña. Yet those predictions (预测) did not come to pass.(科学家此前预计，由于厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜等洋流循环，今年1月的气温会比往年1月更低，但这些预测并未实现)”以及第三段““We don’t have El Niño to kick around anymore,” Yulsman said. “Its impacts actually disappeared months ago. Adding to the puzzle is the fact that we’re in the midst of a La Niña, which typically cools things down.”(“我们不再受厄尔尼诺的影响了，”Yulsman说，“它的影响实际上在几个月前就消失了。更令人困惑的是，我们正处于拉尼娜现象期间，而拉尼娜通常会使气温下降。”)”可知，科学家原本预计2025年1月因拉尼娜现象气温会下降，但实际气温却破纪录升高。Yulsman提到“我们正处于拉尼娜现象期间，而拉尼娜通常会使气温下降”，但这一预期未实现。所以拉尼娜未按预期发挥作用导致预测失败。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The year 2024 was the warmest year in modern history, with average global temperatures surpassing 1.5 ℃ above pre-industrial levels for the first time ever. The Atlantic hurricane (飓风) season was unusually extreme, droughts and wildfires causing widespread suffering. Humans emitted (排放) a record-breaking 37.4 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, though. The total carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has increased from 280 ppm before the Industrial Revolution to 420 ppm as of 2023, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.(2024 年是现代历史上最热的一年，全球平均气温首次超过工业化前水平1.5℃。大西洋飓风季节异常极端，干旱和野火造成了广泛的灾难。然而，人类向大气中排放了创纪录的374亿吨二氧化碳。美国国家海洋和大气管理局的数据显示，截至2023年，大气中二氧化碳的总浓度已从工业革命前的280ppm（百万分比浓度）升至420ppm。)”可知，第四段列举了2024年全球气温破纪录、极端天气频发（如大西洋飓风、干旱、野火），但同时人类二氧化碳排放量也创下374亿吨的新高，且大气中二氧化碳浓度从工业革命前的280ppm升至420ppm。这些数据形成鲜明对比：气候恶化的同时，温室气体排放仍在持续增加。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Dr. Twila Moon, the deputy lead scientist at the National Snow and Ice Data Center, said. “It is well known that reducing these emissions is key to minimizing risk and damage into the future. And how to achieve these reductions is well mapped out with the technology to do it. The pressure is now focused on social, cultural, business and political will.”(美国国家冰雪数据中心副首席科学家Twila Moon表示：“众所周知，减少这些排放是未来将风险和损害降至最低的关键。如何实现这些减排目标已有明确的技术路线图，现在的压力集中在社会、文化、商业和政治意愿上。”)”可知，Twila Moon认为如何实现这些减排目标已有明确的技术路线图，现在的压力集中在社会、文化、商业和政治意愿上。这表明，减排的技术方案已明确，但实际行动尚未跟上。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章围绕2025年1月创纪录的高温、2024年极端气候事件，以及人类持续攀升的二氧化碳排放量展开，强调气候变化的严峻性与减排行动的紧迫性。选项D“Record Heat and Emissions: a Wake-up Call for Humans(创纪录高温与排放：人类的警钟)”精准涵盖“气温破纪录”和“排放创新高”两大核心事实，并暗示其对人类的警示意义，贴合全文主旨。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·黑龙江黑河·期中） Many kinds of birds migrate (迁徙) every year, raising a family in one place during the warm summer months before flying to a warmer place to spend the cold winter months. In the northern half of the world, many birds fly north in the summer and south in the winter, looking for food and better conditions. Many birds die along the way. Some of these deaths are the result of human actions, such as hunting or clearing huge areas of land that used to be used by migrating birds. But one of the biggest threats to migrating birds comes from things humans have built. Experts say that as many as one billion birds may die every year in the US alone as a result of flying into buildings. Other tall structures, such as power lines and cell towers, also lead to many bird deaths. Buildings are a special challenge for migrating birds. The windows can reflect things like the sky or trees, causing birds to fly directly into the glass. And many birds migrate at night. As a result, the difficulty in migrating is amplified at night. That is because the bright city lights can confuse birds that are normally guided by the stars. Philadelphia got a sad reminder of that last October when thousands of migrating birds were killed in one night. Over 1,000 birds were believed to have died in just one small area. Scientists still aren’t sure what made that night so bad, but it may have been connected with the low clouds over the city at the time. Now the city begins a program called Lights Out Philly. Twice a year (from April 1 to May 31. and from August 15 to November 15), many of the city’s buildings go dark at night. The program, run by Bird Safe Philly, asks building owners and people who live in the area to keep the lights off between midnight and 6 in the morning. So far, many of the city’s best-known and tallest buildings have taken part in the program. 1．What does paragraph 2 tell us about the migration of birds? A．It takes place once a year. B．It can affect human activities. C．It can be hard and dangerous. D．It is caused by human actions sometimes. 2．What does the underlined word “amplified” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Increased. B．Reduced. C．Handled. D．Replaced. 3．What does the program run by Bird Safe Philly ask people to do? A．Stop hunting birds. B．Go out less at night. C．Build homes for birds in cities. D．Tum off lights during the required time. 4．Why is Lights Out Philly started? A．To protect the environment. B．To educate the public on birds. C．To cut the cost of electricity. D．To help birds pass Philadelphia safely. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是鸟类迁徙面临的挑战及费城为保护鸟类实施的“Lights Out Philly”计划。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Many birds die along the way. Some of these deaths are the result of human actions, such as hunting or clearing huge areas of land that used to be used by migrating birds. But one of the biggest threats to migrating birds comes from things humans have built.(许多鸟类在迁徙途中死亡。其中一些死亡是人类活动的结果，如狩猎或清除曾经被迁徙鸟类使用的广阔土地。然而，对迁徙鸟类而言，最大的威胁之一来自于人类建造的结构。)”可知，鸟在迁徙途中的一些死亡是人类活动造成，由此可知，鸟类在迁徙过程中会遇到许多危险，包括来自人类行为和建筑物的威胁。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线单词前的“And many birds migrate at night.(许多鸟类在夜间迁徙。)”以及划线单词后的“That is because the bright city lights can confuse birds that are normally guided by the stars.(那是因为明亮的城市灯光会让那些通常依靠星星导航的鸟类感到困惑。)”可知，由于明亮的城市灯光会让那些通常依靠星星导航的鸟类感到困惑，所以在夜间迁徙的困难应该是增大，由此可知，划线单词的意思是“增大，扩大”，与“Increased”相近。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据尾段中的“The program, run by Bird Safe Philly, asks building owners and people who live in the area to keep the lights off between midnight and 6 in the morning.(由Bird Safe Philly运行的该项目，要求建筑业主和居住在该区域的人们在午夜至早上6点之间关闭灯光。)”可知，该项目要求人们在规定时间内关灯。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Philadelphia got a sad reminder of that last October when thousands of migrating birds were killed in one night.(去年十月，费城在一个晚上就有数千只迁徙中的鸟类被杀死，这给了费城一个悲伤的提醒。)”以及尾段中的“Now the city begins a program called Lights Out Philly.(现在，该城市启动了一个名为“Lights Out Philly”的计划。)”可知，费城在一个晚上就有数千只迁徙中的鸟类被杀死，因此而启动了“Lights Out Philly”计划，由此可推断，“Lights Out Philly”计划是为了帮助鸟类安全通过费城。故选D。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·辽宁朝阳·期中） After bikes and umbrellas are made sharable across China, some companies started eyeing the fitness market, so shared gym rooms have hit the streets in Beijing. Unlike common gyms that provide large, open spaces for many members to share at the same time, the newly built shared gym rooms are small, separate rooms for a person to use, often set up near living communities. Every four-square-metre room provides a treadmill (跑步机), an air cleaner, a mirror, a television and an air conditioner, and users can let down the curtains (窗帘) for privacy. When exercising, users can listen to music, watch movies and check emails by connecting to the Internet by the screen fixed on the treadmill. But there’s no shower. Similar to using a shared bike, users can locate a shared gym room by a smartphone app, book a room in advance and then need to scan a QR code (二维码) for use. A refundable deposit (可退还的押金) of 99 yuan is required, and users are charged 1 yuan every 5 minutes. The shared gym rooms are created by Misspao, a Beijing-based technology company founded in July. Within several months since it was founded, the company has already raised over 100 million yuan. However, the idea of the shared fitness experience is not totally new. Last December, the company VRUN set up shared treadmills in office and apartment buildings. The sharing economy is still becoming popular in China. According to Yicai Global, confident people are pouring millions into sharing start-ups. In March, the State Information Centre published a report which says that the total value of China’s sharing economy will see a yearly growth of 40% in the coming years, and it is expected to make a great contribution to the country’s GDP. 1．What makes the shared gym room different from the common one? A．Sharing open spaces. B．Providing free training courses. C．Holding one person at a time. D．Having some advanced equipment. 2．What do people need to do to use the shared gym room? A．Pay 100 yuan first. B．Book a room ahead of time. C．Have a shower before exercise. D．Let down curtains for privacy. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards China’s sharing economy? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Worried. D．Positive. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce shared gym rooms. B．To praise a technology company. C．To support the idea of sharing gym rooms. D．To tell the future of shared gym rooms. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在中国出现的新兴产业：共享健身房，包括共享健身房的一些特点和使用方法，以及这个项目的创立过程等。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Unlike common gyms that provide large, open spaces for many members to share at the same time, the newly built shared gym rooms are small, separate rooms for a person to use, often set up near living communities.(普通健身房为许多会员同时提供大而开放的空间，而新建的共享健身房是供个人使用的小而独立的房间，通常设置在生活区附近)”可知，共享健身房不同于普通健身房，它一次容纳一个人。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Similar to using a shared bike, users can locate a shared gym room by a smartphone app, book a room in advance and then need to scan a QR code (二维码) for use.(与使用共享单车类似，用户可以通过智能手机应用程序找到共享健身房，提前预订房间，然后扫描二维码使用)”可知，人们需要提前预订房间才能使用共享健身房。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The sharing economy is still becoming popular in China.(共享经济在中国仍然很流行)”以及本段中作者引用国家信息中心的预测数据来证明自己的观点，共享经济在中国的发展前景很好可知，作者对中国共享经济的态度是积极的。故选D。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其第一段“After bikes and umbrellas are made sharable across China, some companies started eyeing the fitness market, so shared gym rooms have hit the streets in Beijing.(在自行车和雨伞在中国变得可共享之后，一些公司开始关注健身市场，所以共享健身房在北京的街道上出现了)”可知，本文介绍了在中国出现的新兴产业：共享健身房，包括共享健身房的一些特点和使用方法，以及这个项目的创立过程等。所以作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍共享健身房。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·吉林省·期中） People have been wondering why elephants do not develop cancer even though their lifespans can reach 50 to 70 years. Now scientists believe they know why. A team at the University of Chicago has found that elephants carry a large number of genes (基因) that stop tumors (肿瘤) developing. To be precise, they found 20 copies of an anti-tumor gene called TP53 in elephants. Most other species only carry one copy. According to the research, the extra copies of the gene improve the animal’s sensitivity to DNA damage, which lets the cells quickly kill themselves when damaged before they can go on to form deadly tumors. “An increased risk of developing cancer has stood in the way of the evolution (进化) of large body sizes in many animals,” said the study author Dr. Vincent Lynch. If every living cell has the same chance of becoming cancerous, large creatures with a long lifespan like whales and elephants should have a greater risk of developing cancer than humans and rats. But across species, the risk of cancer does not show a connection with body mass. This phenomenon was found by Oxford University scientist Richard Peto in the 1970s.Biologists believe it results from larger animals using protection that many smaller animals do not use. In the elephant’s case, the making of TP53 is nature’s way of keeping this species alive. The study also found that when the same genes were brought to life in rats, they had the same cancer resistance as elephants. This means researchers could use the discovery to develop new treatments that can help stop cancer spreading or even developing in the first place. “Nature has already figured out how to prevent cancer,” said Joshua Schiffman, a biologist in the University of Utah. “It’s up to us to learn how different animals deal with the problem so that we can use those strategies to prevent cancer in people.” 1．Why are elephants unlikely to develop cancer? A．They have a rather large body size. B．Their genes suffer no DNA damage. C．Certain genes in their body kill existing tumors. D．They carry many genes to prevent tumors developing. 2．According to the passage, what has been a risk in the evolution of large animals? A．Deadly tumors. B．The huge body mass. C．Cells killing themselves. D．Sensitivity to DNA damage. 3．What does the underlined part “This phenomenon” in paragraph 5 probably refer to? A．Larger animals have protection from TP53. B．The risk of cancer is not related to body sizes. C．Larger animals suffer the same risk of cancer as smaller ones. D．The huger animals are, the bigger risk of cancer they will have. 4．What can be concluded from the passage? A．Depending on nature is surely enough to fight against cancer. B．Humans are expected to prevent cancer with the making of TP53. C．The TP53 genes have proved useful in stopping cancer in people. D．The extra copies of elephants’ genes have been used to cure cancer patients. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章研究揭示大象不易患癌的原因——携带多个TP53基因，有望据此研发人类癌症防治新策略。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“A team at the University of Chicago has found that elephants carry a large number of genes (基因) that stop tumors (肿瘤) developing. To be precise, they found 20 copies of an anti-tumor gene called TP53 in elephants. Most other species only carry one copy.(芝加哥大学的一个研究小组发现，大象携带大量阻止肿瘤生长的基因。确切地说，他们在大象体内发现了20个名为TP53的抗肿瘤基因拷贝。大多数其他物种，只携带一个拷贝。)”可知，大象不太可能患癌症是因为它们携带许多防止肿瘤发展的基因。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的““An increased risk of developing cancer has stood in the way of the evolution (进化) of large body sizes in many animals,” the study author Dr. Vincent Lynch . (该研究的作者文森特·林奇说：“患癌症风险的增加阻碍了许多动物向大体型进化。”)”可知，在大型动物的进化过程中，致命的肿瘤是一个风险。故选A项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“If every living cell has the same chance of becoming cancerous, large creatures with a long lifespan like whales and elephants should have a greater risk of developing cancer than humans and rats. But across species, the risk of cancer does not show a connection with body mass.(如果每个活细胞都有同样的癌变机会，那么像鲸鱼和大象这样寿命长的大型生物患癌症的风险应该比人类和老鼠更高。但在不同物种中，患癌症的风险与体型大小没有关联。)”可知，患癌症的风险与体型大小没有关联，划线短语“This phenomenon”为特指上文中的内容，所以划线短语指代的是“患癌症的风险与体型大小没有关联”。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Nature has already figured out how to prevent cancer,” said Joshua Schiffman, a biologist in the University of Utah. “It’s up to us to learn how different animals deal with the problem so that we can use those strategies to prevent cancer in people.(“大自然已经找到了预防癌症的方法，”犹他大学医学院的生物学家约书亚·施夫曼（Joshua Schiffman）说。“我们该去了解不同动物是如何应对这个问题的，从而利用这些策略来预防人类的癌症。”)”以及前文提到大象体内TP53基因的作用可知，人类有望通过对TP53基因的研究来预防癌症。故选B项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·黑龙江·期中） Elephants’ important role in maintaining biodiversity (生物多样性) and healthy ecosystems has earned them various names including ecosystem engineers and forest gardeners. However, African forest elephants — a species living in the rainforests of central Africa — are increasingly recognized by another name: “climate heroes”. African forest elephants help lessen climate change by increasing carbon storage (存储) in their forest habitats, meaning they help remove heat-trapping CO2 from the atmosphere. They do this by influencing the forest structure, including by increasing the diversity and abundance (丰盛) of plant species. It’s estimated that one forest elephant can increase the net (净的) carbon capture (捕获) capacity (容量) of the forest by almost 250 acres. This is equal to removing from the atmosphere a year’s worth of emissions (排放量) from 2,047 cars. “As strange as it seems, all that eating and destruction help the forest pull more carbon out of the air,” says Alison Pearce Stevens in the book Animal Climate Heroes!. Elephants eat more than 400 pounds of food a day, so they spend a lot of time searching for food. As they walk through the forest, they do a lot of damage to the surrounding smaller trees, leading to the survival of trees that have the ability to absorb and store more CO2. In addition, their thirst for fruits also helps to promote forest growth. This is because elephants disperse fruit seeds. In other words, the seeds pass through the elephant bodies until they drop back to the forest floor. But African forest elephants are seriously endangered and continue to face threats. These mainly come from hunting for the illegal international trade in elephant ivory (象牙), but also from habitat loss and fewer food sources. The number of forest elephants fell by more than 86% over a period of 31 years, and their habitats are thought to have reduced by 75%. Protecting forest elephants and the forests they depend on means we are safeguarding their ecological contributions that we all rely on. 1．How do African forest elephants help relieve climate change? A．They reduce the diversity of wildlife species. B．They help to maintain the plants of the forest. C．They take in heat-trapping CO2 from the atmosphere. D．They promote the net carbon capture ability of the forest. 2．What does the underlined word “disperse” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Damage. B．Preserve. C．Spread. D．Gather. 3．What are the threats facing African forest elephants? A．Illegal hunting and habitat loss. B．The disturbed balance of the forest ecosystem. C．Natural disasters resulting from climate change. D．Competition for water sources with other animals. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Preserving Forests: Elephants’ Contribution B．New Role of African Forest Elephants: Climate Heroes C．Ivory Trade Threatens African Forest Elephants D．Forest Elephants Are Approaching the Edge of Extinction 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章描述了非洲森林象如何通过增加森林的碳储存能力来减少大气中的二氧化碳，并强调了保护这些濒危物种的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“African forest elephants help lessen climate change by increasing carbon storage (存储) in their forest habitats, meaning they help remove heat-trapping CO2 from the atmosphere. (非洲森林象通过在其森林栖息地中增加碳储存来减轻气候变化，这意味着它们有助于从大气中移除导致温室效应的二氧化碳)”和“It’s estimated that one forest elephant can increase the net (净的) carbon capture (捕获) capacity (容量) of the forest by almost 250 acres. (据估计，一头森林大象可以将森林的净碳捕获能力增加近250英亩。)”可知，非洲森林象通过促进森林的净碳捕获能力来缓解气候变化，故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段“This is because elephants disperse fruit seeds. In other words, the seeds pass through the elephant bodies until they drop back to the forest floor. (这是因为大象disperse水果种子。换句话说，种子通过大象的身体，直到它们落回到森林地面)”可知，大象可以帮忙传播种子，所以“disperse”在这里的意思是“传播”或“散布”，故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“These mainly come from hunting for the illegal international trade in elephant ivory (象牙), but also from habitat loss and fewer food sources. (这些威胁主要来自非法国际贸易中的象牙狩猎，但也来自栖息地丧失和食物来源减少)”可知，非洲森林象面临的威胁包括非法狩猎和栖息地丧失，故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“However, African forest elephants — a species living in the rainforests of central Africa — are increasingly recognized by another name: “climate heroes”. (生活在中非雨林中的非洲森林象这一物种，越来越多地被赋予了一个新的名字：“气候英雄”)”可知，文章主要介绍了非洲森林象在缓解气候变化中的重要作用，并强调了保护这些濒危物种的重要性，B项“非洲森林象的新角色：气候英雄”适合作文章标题。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中） Why are some of us good at math, or writing, while others excel at art or basketball? What causes the differences? Are they largely determined by the genes (nature) we inherit (遗传) from our parents? How much does the social environment (nurture) have to do with it? If you were a scientist interested in these questions, wouldn’t you love to study identical twins? Over the last 10 years, a team of scientists led by psychologist Thomas J. Bouchard Jr. has studied about 65 pairs of identical twins who were raised apart. The scientists bring each pair of twins to the University of Minnesota for a week of intensive testing. They record the twins’ height, weight, eye color, ear shape, and head length. Meanwhile, they give the twins IQ and personality tests. Bouchard’s team has been startled by the similarities between twins raised apart. The twins often have surprisingly similar gestures and postures, for instance. And they have led remarkably similar lives. Adult identical twins also tend to have similar medical histories, developing the eye disease glaucoma at the same time, for example. “The coincidences are not surprising,” some critics of the Minnesota study say. They argue that everyone’s life has so many details that a number of coincidences are bound to exist. What’s more, for every coincidence discovered by a pair of identical twins raised apart, the critics could point to a vast number of undiscovered differences. According to Bouchard, they find that genes play a big part in shaping our personalities-helping to determine whether we respect tradition and like to follow rules or not. The team has reported that intelligence also seems to be influenced much more by genes than by environment. Despite being raised by different families, separated identical twins earned identical or nearly identical scores on adult intelligence tests. Other scientists, however, disagree. “How can you study whether intelligence is inherited when there are so many different ways just to define intelligence?” The problem applies to other traits (特征), they say. Bouchard himself makes the point that even the most closely matched twins are different from each other. So even though genes may have a strong influence over our lives, they’re not the only influence. Our day-to-day experiences help to shape us too. 1．Why are scientists so interested in studying identical twins raised apart in different environments? A．Because it can be studied with a week of intensive testing. B．Because this group of twins have the most striking similarities. C．Because it is a good way to measure the effects of nature and nurture. D．Because there has already been a lot of research on identical twins raised together. 2．What does the underlined word “excel” probably mean in Para.1? A．shine. B．sink. C．resolve. D．consist. 3．Which of the following statements would Bouchard agree to? A．Similarities go hand in hand with differences. B．Nature has a notable influence over our lives. C．Intelligence is something inherited rather than acquired. D．Environment plays a bigger part in personal development. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Inherited Genes Favor Twins B．Environment Tells Apart Twins C．Science Looks Twice at Twins D．Physical Traits Come to Twins 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家研究分开抚养的同卵双胞胎，发现基因对个性和智力影响显著，但后天经历也起重要作用。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Why are some of us good at math, or writing, while others excel at art or basketball? What causes the differences? Are they largely determined by the genes (nature) we inherit (遗传) from our parents? How much does the social environment (nurture) have to do with it? If you were a scientist interested in these questions, wouldn’t you love to study identical twins?(为什么我们中的一些人在数学或写作方面表现出色，而另一些人在艺术或篮球方面表现出色呢？是什么导致了这些差异？这些差异是否主要由我们从父母那里继承的基因（天性）决定？社会环境（后天培养）又有多大的影响呢？如果你是一位对这些问题感兴趣的科学家，难道你不想研究同卵双胞胎吗)”可推测，如果科学家想弄明白对一个人影响更大的是基因还是后天培养这个问题，他们可能就会去研究分开抚养的同卵双胞胎，这是一个很好的衡量二者对人影响的方法。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词前的并列连词while及前面分句“Why are some of us good at math, or writing(为什么我们中的一些人在数学或写作方面表现出色)”可推测，划线词与be good at意思相近，是“擅长，在……方面优秀”的意思，此处在举例说明人们所擅长的方面是存在差异的，有的人擅长数学或写作，而有的人擅长美术或篮球。shine也可表示“出色”的意思。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“The twins often have surprisingly similar gestures and postures, for instance. And they have led remarkably similar lives. Adult identical twins also tend to have similar medical histories, developing the eye disease glaucoma at the same time, for example.(例如，这些双胞胎常常有着惊人相似的手势和姿势。他们的生活轨迹也非常相似。成年同卵双胞胎还倾向于有相似的病史，例如同时患上青光眼)”，第五段“According to Bouchard, they find that genes play a big part in shaping our personalities-helping to determine whether we respect tradition and like to follow rules or not. The team has reported that intelligence also seems to be influenced much more by genes than by environment.(根据布查德的说法，他们发现基因在塑造我们个性方面起着重要作用——帮助决定我们是否尊重传统以及是否喜欢遵守规则。该团队报告称，智力似乎也更多地受到基因的影响，而不是环境)”及最后一段“So even though genes may have a strong influence over our lives(因此，尽管基因可能对我们的生活有很强的影响)”可知，Bouchard认为基因天性对人们的生活有着极其显要的影响。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Over the last 10 years, a team of scientists led by psychologist Thomas J. Bouchard Jr. has studied about 65 pairs of identical twins who were raised apart. The scientists bring each pair of twins to the University of Minnesota for a week of intensive testing. They record the twins’ height, weight, eye color, ear shape, and head length. Meanwhile, they give the twins IQ and personality tests.(在过去十年中，由心理学家托马斯·J·布查德（Thomas J. Bouchard Jr.）领导的科学家团队研究了大约65对分开抚养的同卵双胞胎。科学家们将每对双胞胎带到明尼苏达大学，进行为期一周的密集测试。他们记录双胞胎的身高、体重、眼睛颜色、耳朵形状和头部长度。同时，他们还对双胞胎进行智力和个性测试)”并综合全文可知，本文主要讲述了科学家对分开抚养的双胞胎进行的深入研究，探讨先天与后天的关系，标题需体现科学视角和双重因素。C项“科学对双胞胎的双重审视”既点明科学方法，又隐含对基因与环境的双重关注，最贴合主旨。故选C项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·期中） Experts are warning about the risks of extreme picky (挑剔的) eating after a teenager living on a diet of chips and crisps developed lasting sight loss. Eye doctors in Bristol cared for the 17-year-old boy after his sight had gone to the point of blindness. Tests showed he had serious vitamin deficiency (缺乏). Dr. Denize Atan, who treated him at the hospital, said, “His diet was basically a portion of chips from the local fish and chip shop every day. He also used to snack on crisps and sometimes white bread and ham, and not really any fruit and vegetables.” The teenager saw his doctor at the age of 14 because he had been feeling tired and unwell. At that time he suffered from vitamin B12 deficiency, but he did not stick with the treatment or improve his poor diet. Three years later, he was taken to the Bristol Eye Hospital because of progressive sight loss. He was not overweight or underweight, but he had lost minerals from his bones, which was really quite shocking for a boy of his age. In terms of his sight loss, he met the standards of being blind. “He had blind spots right in the middle of his sight,” said Dr. Denize Atan. “That means he can’t drive and would find it really difficult to read, watch TV or recognize faces.” Dr. Denize Atan said that parents should learn about the harm that can be caused by picky eating, and turn to experts for help. For those who are concerned, she advised, “It’s best not to be anxious about picky eating, and instead calmly introduce one or two new foods with every meal.” She said multivitamin tablets can supplement (补充) a diet, but cannot take the place of eating healthily. “It’s much better to take in vitamins through a varied and balanced diet.” she said. “Too many certain vitamins, including vitamin A, can be harmful, so you don’t want to overdo it. 1．What does Dr. Denize Atan mean in paragraph 1? A．The cause of the boy’s disease was unknown. B．Fruit and vegetables are not rich in vitamins. C．Picky eating is common among teenagers. D．The diet of the boy was not balanced. 2．Why did the boy go to see his doctor at the age of 14? A．To improve his poor diet. B．To be treated for his discomfort. C．To get some help to lose weight. D．To slow down his progressive sight loss. 3．What made Dr. Denize Atan surprised so much according to paragraph 3? A．The teenager was unable to watch TV or recognize faces. B．The teenager suffered from vitamin B12 deficiency. C．The teenager lacked a lot of minerals in his body. D．The teenager did not stick with the treatment. 4．What is Dr. Denize Atan’s suggestion on picking eating based on the last paragraph? A．The problem of picky eating is hard to deal with. B．Most people are not adapted to eating new foods. C．Taking in vitamins by having various kinds of foods. D．Taking multivitamin tablets can take the place of eating healthily. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了一名青少年因长期只吃薯条、薯片等单一食物，导致严重的维生素缺乏，进而出现视力下降甚至失明的情况。医生通过这个案例，警示人们极端挑食的风险，并给出了应对挑食问题的建议。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“His diet was basically a portion of chips from the local fish and chip shop every day. He also used to snack on crisps and sometimes white bread and ham, and not really any fruit and vegetables.(他的饮食基本上是每天从当地炸鱼薯条店买一份薯条。他还经常吃薯片，有时吃白面包和火腿，几乎不吃任何水果和蔬菜)” 可知，男孩的饮食缺乏水果和蔬菜，营养不均衡。故选 D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The teenager saw his doctor at the age of 14 because he had been feeling tired and unwell.(这名青少年 14 岁时去看医生，因为他一直感觉疲惫不适)” 可知，男孩 14 岁去看医生是为了治疗身体的不适。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“He was not overweight or underweight, but he had lost minerals from his bones, which was really quite shocking for a boy of his age.(他既不超重也不体重不足，但他的骨骼流失了矿物质，这对他这个年龄的男孩来说真的很令人震惊)” 可知，让 Dr. Denize Atan 惊讶的是男孩身体缺乏大量矿物质。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“She said multivitamin tablets can supplement (补充) a diet, but cannot take the place of eating healthily. “It’s much better to take in vitamins through a varied and balanced diet.” she said.(她说复合维生素片可以补充饮食，但不能取代健康饮食。“通过多样化和均衡的饮食摄入维生素要好得多”她说)” 可知，Dr. Denize Atan 建议通过吃各种食物来摄入维生素。故选C。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $