精品解析：上海市建平中学2025-2026学年高一上学期12月教学质量检测英语试题

上海市建平中学2025-2026学年高一上学期12月教学质量检测 英语试卷 考试时间90分钟，试卷满分94分。 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, you will have to decide which choice is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Pepper. B. Salt. C. Water. D. Flavour. 2. A. The couple has overslept. B. The flight was overbooked. C. There was severe weather. D. A mechanical issue occurred. 3. A. $155. B. $135. C. $165. D. $145. 4. A. He was out of money. B. He misplaced his wallet. C. He paid bills late. D. He felt stressed at work. 5. A. Making detailed weekend plan. B. Whether to have dinner together. C. Reasons for being in a rush. D. Timing of dinner around a film. 6. A. He failed the test. B. He missed the test. C. He got a decent grade. D. He earned the credit. 7. A. Typing his presentation. B. Overcoming anxiety. C. Attending job interviews. D. Critiquing his speech. 8. A. The man cooks Indian food frequently. B. The man dislikes the recommended food. C. The man seems to enjoy complex flavour. D. The man tried Indian meals two weeks ago. 9. A. Get a new computer. B. Close browser windows. C. Add more freezing ice. D. Purchase memory sticks. 10. A. Guests prefer beer to wine. B. She couldn't decide on the drinks. C. Having varied drink options is safer. D. Big groups require large quantities of drinks. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you will have seven seconds to decide which choice would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. It showed up in a knowledge fair. B. It was designed by a group of students. C. It was made of recycled materials. D. It could work without the power source. 12. A. Speak and introduce itself. B. Move around in a large area. C. Detect and avoid obstacles. D. Respond to voice commands. 13. A. He is the host of the knowledge fair. B. He earns a lot of money as the prize. C. He uses electronics kit to build robots. D. He understands the way in which Robby work. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. They try to discover the full picture of life in the universe. B. They start to emerge due to environmental problems. C They focus only on rare or endangered species. D. They are interested in that gray sidewalk. 15. A. As an academic subject few are interested in. B. As an enjoyable lifestyle choice for young people. C. As a profitable career pursued by university students. D. As a growing environmental movement across society. 16. A. Visit more natural history museums. B. Make changes towards a greener lifestyle. C. Pursue a career as a professional. D. Contribute to understanding the life puzzle. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Homes for people with dementia (痴呆) From Japan to the United States, countries around the world are dealing with the effects of aging populations. Sweden, ____1____ life expectancy is very high, is no exception. Nearly one in four Swedes will be 65 years or older by 2040, part ____2____ the baby boom following World War II. In Sweden, most care for the elderly is government funded, ____3____ means a heavy burden on spending and resources. Meanwhile, the proportion of elderly people developing dementia____4____ (grow) larger and larger nowadays. So one of the biggest concerns is the supply of affordable yet comfortable accommodations for the elderly with dementia. Furniture giant Ikea has one idea. It is launching a new style of home for dementia patients through BoKlok which is a business project with Swedish construction company Skanska, the very company____5____makes more sustainable and affordable housing. For the past three decades, the group has built more than 11,000 modular homes throughout Sweden, Finland and Norway using the Ikea model. Where a large quantity of parts____6____ (produce) at a dedicated factory to cut the costs lower are income customers only pay what they can afford. Now, with some modifications, the company thinks it can help people who struggle with memory loss to live at home — saving the government money____7____ it would otherwise spend on care, and it is the very first time that the company____8____ (build) customized homes for people with dementia just outside Stockholm. Design modifications include taking mirrors out of bathrooms and fitting kitchen appliances with old-fashioned knobs, rather than digital controls. The developments also emphasize spending time outdoors and will include “healing” gardens and clubhouses for socializing. That could make ____9____ more appealing for a partner to move there, too. BoKlok is in the early stages of launching a new style of home for dementia patients in Sweden, its first market, and is starting to talk to local governments about land and zoning. So far, the company has built a small pilot of six apartments just outside Stockholm. Residents haven’t moved in yet due to an ongoing permit dispute with neighbors, _____10_____ the company maintains a legal resolution is “on its way”. BoKlok CEO Jonas Spangenberg appeals to the government, “Make that clever move now before it's too late.” 【答案】1. where 2. of 3. which 4. is growing 5. that 6. are produced 7. that##which 8. has built 9. it 10. but 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了瑞典老龄化严重，痴呆老人住房需求紧迫。宜家联合企业打造定制适老住宅，目前试点因许可纠纷未入住，公司正推进法律解决。 【1题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：瑞典的预期寿命很高，这一点也不例外。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Sweden，在从句作地点状语，故用where。故填where。 【2题详解】 考查介词。句意：到2040年，将近四分之一的瑞典人将年满65岁，这是二战后婴儿潮一代的成员。短语part of表示“……的一部分”。故填of。 【3题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在瑞典，对老年人的照顾大多由政府承担费用，这导致了巨大的支出和资源压力。引导非限制性定语从句，修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语。故填which。 【4题详解】 考查时态。句意：与此同时，如今患有痴呆症的老年人比例正越来越高。根据后文nowadays可知表示正在发生用现在进行时，主语为the proportion of elderly people developing dementia，谓语用单数。故填is growing。 【5题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：它正在通过“博克洛克”项目推出一种全新的针对痴呆症患者的居住模式。“博克洛克”是一个与瑞典建筑公司斯堪斯卡合作的商业项目，而该公司正是专门从事更环保、更经济实惠住房建设的公司。引导定语从句，先行词company被the very修饰，且从句缺少主语，关系代词只能用that。故填that。 【6题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：在一些大型工厂中，大量零部件被集中生产，以降低生产成本。而低收入客户的客户只需支付自己能够承担的费用。主语a large quantity of parts与谓语构成被动关系，结合后文are可知为一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填are produced。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：经过一些改进后，该公司认为自己能够帮助那些患有记忆力衰退的人留在家中生活——这样不仅能为政府节省原本用于护理的费用，而且这也是该公司首次在斯德哥尔摩郊外为患有痴呆症的患者建造个性化住宅。定语从句修饰先行词money，在从句作宾语，指物，故填that/which。 【8题详解】 考查时态。句意：经过一些改进后，该公司认为自己能够帮助那些患有记忆力衰退的人留在家中生活——这样不仅能为政府节省原本用于护理的费用，而且这也是该公司首次在斯德哥尔摩郊外为患有痴呆症的患者建造个性化住宅。固定句型：It is the first time that+现在完成时；主语the company为单数，助动词用has。故填has built。 【9题详解】 考查it用法。句意：这可能会让伴侣们也更有意愿搬到那里居住。此处为make it adj. for sb. to do sth.，it作形式宾语，故填it。 【10题详解】 考查连词。句意：由于与邻居之间存在一项未解决的许可纠纷，居民们尚未搬入新居，但该公司表示，法律纠纷的解决办法“即将出台”。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，用连词but。故填but。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. assume B. customize C. credited D. dotted E. facility F. informally G. mixed-use H. passage I. previously J. shift K. specific The New Oases Frank Gehry, a celebrity architect, likes to cause aesthetic controversy, and his Stata Center the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) did the trick. Housing MIT’s computer-science and philosophy departments with numerous unusual angles and windows, the ____11____ has become a planned landmark. But the building’s major innovation is on the inside. The entire structure was planned with the nomadic (游牧) lifestyles of modern students and faculty in mind and serves as a new kind of “____12____ space.” This is best seen in the building’s “student street,” an indoor ____13____ that twists and turns through the building and is open to the public 24 hours a day. It is ____14____ with small spaces. Cafés meander sit alongside work desks and whiteboards, and there is free Wi-Fi everywhere. Students, teachers, and visitors are cramming for exams, researching, reading, and discussing. No part of the student street is physically specialized for any of these activities. Instead, every bit of it can instantly become the venue for a seminar, a snack, or relaxation. The fact that people are no longer tied to ____15____ places for functions such as studying or learning, says Mr. Mitchell, professor of architecture and computer science at MIT who worked with Mr. Gehry on the center’s design, means that there is “a huge drop in demand for traditional, private, enclosed spaces” such as offices or classrooms, and simultaneously “a huge rise in demand for semi-public spaces that can be ____16____ used as temporary workspaces.” This ____17____, he thinks, amounts to the biggest change in architecture in this century. The new architecture, says Mr. Mitchell, will “make spaces intentionally multifunctional”. Architects are thinking about light, air, trees, and gardens, all in the service of human connections. Almost any public space can be ____18____ with some of these features. For example, a not-for-profit organization in New York has turned Bryant Park, a charming garden in front of the city’s public library, which was ____19____ abandoned, into a multifunctional space popular with office workers now. The park’s managers noticed that a lot of visitors were using mobile phones and laptops in the park, so they installed Wi-Fi and added some chairs with foldable lecture desks. The idea was not to distract people from the flowers but to let them ____20____ their little bit of the park. 【答案】11. E 12. G 13. H 14. D 15. K 16. F 17. J 18. C 19. I 20. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了新型混合用途建筑空间的特点与趋势。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：该建筑拥有麻省理工学院计算机科学与哲学系，有许多不寻常的角度和窗户，已成为一个规划的地标。根据前文“Frank Gehry, a celebrity architect, likes to cause aesthetic controversy, and his Stata Center the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) did the trick.”可知，这里说的是建筑，作主语，需用名词，facility意为“设施，建筑”，符合语境。故选E。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：整个建筑的设计考虑了现代师生的流动性生活方式，成为一种新型的“综合多功能空间”。根据“The entire structure was planned with the nomadic (游牧的) lifestyles of modern students”和“space”可知，此处用作定语，修饰space，指多功能空间。形容词mixed-use“混合用途的”，符合语境，与下文multifunctional呼应。故选G。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：这在该建筑的“学生街”中得到了最好的体现，这是一条室内通道，蜿蜒穿过建筑，全天24小时向公众开放。根据“that twists and turns through the building”可知，一条蜿蜒贯穿整栋建筑的是通道，空处用名词passage“通道”。故选H。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它布满了小空间。根据后文“Cafés meander sit alongside work desks and whiteboards, and there is free Wi-Fi everywhere.”可知，这里说的是布满了小空间，形容词dotted意为“星罗棋布的”，符合语境。be dotted with为固定短语，意为“遍布，点缀着”。故选D。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：麻省理工学院建筑与计算机科学教授米切尔先生曾与盖里先生合作设计了该中心，他表示：如今人们不再被束缚在特定场所去完成学习这类活动，这意味着人们对办公室、教室等传统、私密、封闭空间的需求大幅下降，与此同时，对可非正式用作临时办公区域的半公共空间的需求大幅上升。根据后文“places for functions such as studying or learning”可知，这里说的是特定的地方，用specific意为“特定的”，作定语。故选K。 【16题详解】 考查副词。句意：麻省理工学院建筑与计算机科学教授米切尔先生曾与盖里先生合作设计了该中心，他表示：如今人们不再被束缚在特定场所去完成学习这类活动，这意味着人们对办公室、教室等传统、私密、封闭空间的需求大幅下降，与此同时，对可非正式用作临时办公区域的半公共空间的需求大幅上升。根据后文“used as temporary workspaces”可知，这里说的是临时用作工作空间，informally意为“非正式地，不拘形式地”，符合语境。故选F。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：他认为，这种转变相当于本世纪建筑领域最大的变化。根据前文“there is “a huge drop in demand for traditional, private, enclosed spaces” such as offices or classrooms, and simultaneously “a huge rise in demand for semi-public spaces that can be ______ used as temporary workspaces.”可知，这里说的是这种转变，用shift“转变”，作主语。故选J。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：几乎任何公共空间都可以具备这些特征中的一些。根据后文“For example, a not-for-profit organization in New York has turned Bryant Park, a charming garden in front of the city's public library, which was ______ abandoned, into a multifunctional space popular with office workers now.”可知，这里说的是具备这些特征，用credited“具备”，be credited with表示“被认为具有……”，符合语境。故选C。 【19题详解】 考查副词。句意：例如，纽约的一个非营利组织将布莱恩特公园，这个位于城市公共图书馆前、之前被遗弃的迷人花园，变成了一个现在深受上班族欢迎的多功能空间。根据后文“abandoned”可知，这里说的是之前被遗弃，用previously“之前”，作状语。故选I。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：这个想法不是为了分散人们对花朵的注意力，而是让他们定制自己的小公园。根据前文“The park’s managers noticed that a lot of visitors were using mobile phones and laptops in the park, so they installed Wi-Fi and added some chairs with foldable lecture desks.”可知，这里说的是让他们定制自己的小公园，customize“定制，个性化设置”，符合语境。故选B。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. A furry demon with rabbit ears and a crazy smile has recently been spotted next to the singer Lizzo. The creature is Labubu — a soft-bellied plushie (玩具) that Pop Mart began distributing in 2019, and that has, in the past year, gained numerous ____21____. In 2024, Pop Mart reported a more than 700 percent increase in its sales. Commentators have offered all sorts of theories as to why Labubu has become a ____22____. One factor might be scarcity: Each new Labubu release on Pop Mart’s online store tends to be ____23____ in minutes. Another might be surprise: The plushie arrives in a blind box. But these factors, while reasonable, barely touch on the ____24____ of why an “ugly-cute” toy has appealed to adults a lot. In my opinion, the craze for Labubu is simply an extension of the phenomenon known as “kidulthood,” in which the boundary between childhood and adulthood grows increasingly ____25____. In the past few years, more American adults have been buying stuffed animals — some in an effort to reconstruct a sense of ____26____, and more play into grown-up life. Labubus are “public displays of cuteness”. But historically, loving cute objects has always been regarded as ____27____ at best and a worrying swing toward infancy at worst. Adults who loved childlike things were “seen to be morally immature and refusing to play their full part in society”. As recently as 2020, in an article about plushies, one writer to loving cute objects described her stuffed dog as her “____28____.” Yet this resistance to immature objects has been gradually disappearing, which is part of a century-long evolution in which childhood has come to be seen as a ____29____ life stage. To be childlike has an increasingly positive meaning in terms of openness to ideas and freedom from dogmatism (教条主义). Meanwhile, attitudes about what it means to be an adult are ____30____. Many assumed that children were supposed to “grow out of vulnerability” when they became adults, as if weakness were something to be ____31____ rather than a part of human being. But now, more and more people are pushing back on that idea. ____32____ dies hard, though, which might be another reason Labubu has gained charm. Within the range of cute things, a “demon-looking” stuffed is more “ugly-cute” — adorable, monstrous, deliberately weird. People feel that they themselves are a little bit ____33____, Joshua Dals, a professor at Chuo University said, “for liking something that most people don’t like.” This suggests that Labubu’s appeal lies partly in its unconventionality — it lets people signal that they are not restricted by conventional tastes, that they dare to ____34____ what is “unacceptable” to traditional mindsets. Wearing Labubu signals a(n) ____35____ attitude to life, a winking at the world. Monday will come around again, with its dreaded wake-up alarms and emails. But according to the logic of kidulthood, you might feel a tiny bit better if you bring a devilish chotchke to that 9 a.m. meeting. 21. A. competitors B. admirers C. imitators D. designers 22. A. hit B. symbol C. product D. joke 23. A. sold out B. set aside C. given away D. held back 24. A. symptom B. image C. core D. surface 25. A. obvious B. established C. rigid D. unclear 26. A. adulthood B. parenthood C. livelihood D. childhood 27. A. ambition B. maturity C. diligence D. escapism 28. A. proud achievement B. daily routine C. casual hobby D. dark secret 29. A. temporary B. continuous C. precious D. weak 30. A. strengthening B. changing C. emerging D. fading 31. A. preserved B. tolerated C. eliminated D. recognized 32. A. Shame B. Popularity C. Pride D. Trend 33. A. insecure B. distinctive C. awkward D. traditional 34. A. deny B. ignore C. resist D. embrace 35. A. aggressive B. playful C. adventurous D. defensive 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. D 27. D 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了拉布布走红及背后反映的社会观念变化。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个生物是拉布布——泡泡玛特从2019年开始销售的一种软肚皮毛绒玩具，在过去一年里，它赢得了众多崇拜者。A. competitors竞争者；B. admirers崇拜者，喜爱者；C. imitators模仿者；D. designers设计师。根据后文“In 2024, Pop Mart reported a more than 700 percent increase in its sales.”可知，拉布布的销量大增，说明它赢得了众多喜爱者，故选B。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：评论家们对拉布布为何成为热门提出了各种理论。A. hit热门；B. symbol象征；C. product产品；D. joke玩笑。根据前文“in the past year, gained numerous ______. In 2024, Pop Mart reported a more than 700 percent increase in its sales”可知，拉布布销量大增以，人们对它的喜爱，拉布布成为了热门，故选A。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一个因素可能是稀缺性：泡泡玛特网上商店每次推出的新拉布布往往在几分钟内就销售一空。A. sold out售罄；B. set aside留出；C. given away赠送；D. held back抑制。根据前文“One factor might be scarcity: Each new Labubu release on Pop Mart’s online store tends to be”可知，这里说的是拉布布稀缺，即很快售罄，故选A。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这些因素虽然合理，却几乎没有触及到一个“丑萌”玩具为何如此吸引成年人的核心原因。A. symptom症状；B. image形象；C. core核心；D. surface表面。根据前文“barely touch on”以及后文“why an “ugly-cute” toy has appealed to adults a lot”对拉布布吸引成年人的深入探讨可知，这里说的是没有触及核心原因，故选C。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我看来，对拉布布的狂热只是“成年童心”现象的一种延伸，在这种现象中，童年和成年之间的界限变得越来越不明确。A. obvious明显的；B. established建立的；C. rigid严格的；D. unclear不明确的。根据前文“the phenomenon known as “kidulthood,” in which the boundary between childhood and adulthood grows increasingly”以及后文对成年人喜欢毛绒玩具等现象的描述可知，童年和成年之间的界限变得越来越不明确，故选D。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在过去的几年里，越来越多的美国成年人购买毛绒玩具——有些人是为了重建一种童年感，更多的人则是将毛绒玩具融入成年生活。A. adulthood成年；B. parenthood父母身份；C. livelihood生计；D. childhood童年。根据前文“kidulthood”、“reconstruct a sense of”以及后文提到成年人喜欢毛绒玩具可知，这里说的是重建童年感，故选D。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但从历史上看，喜爱可爱物品一直被认为充其量是逃避现实，最坏的情况则是一种令人担忧的向幼稚的转变。A. ambition野心；B. maturity成熟；C. diligence勤奋；D. escapism逃避现实。根据后文“Adults who loved childlike things were “seen to be morally immature and refusing to play their full part in society””可知，喜爱童真事物的成年人“被视为道德上不成熟，拒绝充分履行其社会职责”，被看作是逃避现实。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查名词短语辨析。句意：直到2020年，在一篇关于毛绒玩具的文章中，一位作家将她对可爱物品的喜爱描述为她的“黑暗秘密”，她称自己的毛绒狗为她的“黑暗秘密”。A. proud achievement骄傲的成就；B. daily routine日常例行事务；C. casual hobby随意的爱好；D. dark secret黑暗秘密。根据前文“loving cute objects has always been regarded as ______ at best and a worrying swing toward infancy at worst”可知，喜爱可爱物品被认为是不好的，所以这里说的是她将自己的喜爱描述为“黑暗秘密”，故选D。 29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这种对不成熟物品的抵触情绪正在逐渐消失，这是童年被视为一个珍贵生命阶段的世纪演变的一部分。A. temporary暂时的；B. continuous连续的；C. precious珍贵的；D. weak虚弱的。根据后文“To be childlike has an increasingly positive meaning in terms of openness to ideas and freedom from dogmatism”可知，童心拥有开放思想等积极意义，说明童年被视作珍贵阶段，故选C。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，关于成年意味着什么的观念也在发生变化。A. strengthening加强；B. changing改变；C. emerging出现；D. fading褪色。根据后文“Many assumed that children were supposed to “grow out of vulnerability” when they became adults, as if weakness were something to be ______ rather than a part of human being. But now, more and more people are pushing back on that idea.”可知，许多人认为，当孩子长大成人时，他们应该“摆脱脆弱”，就好像弱点是应该被消除的东西，而不是人类的一部分。但如今，越来越多的人开始反对这种观点。关于成年的观念在发生变化，故选B。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多人认为，当孩子长大成人时，他们应该“摆脱脆弱”，就好像弱点是应该被消除的东西，而不是人类的一部分。A. preserved保存；B. tolerated容忍；C. eliminated消除；D. recognized认识。根据前文“Many assumed that children were supposed to “grow out of vulnerability” when they became adults, as if weakness were something to be”可知，孩子成年后就应该“摆脱脆弱”，也就是说弱点是需要消除的东西，故选C。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，羞耻感很难消除，这可能是拉布布获得魅力的另一个原因。A. Shame羞耻；B. Popularity流行；C. Pride骄傲；D. Trend趋势。根据前文“Adults who loved childlike things were “seen to be morally immature and refusing to play their full part in society””可知，成年人喜欢孩子气的东西会被认为不成熟，所以这里说的是羞耻感很难消除，故选A。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：中央大学教授约书亚·达尔斯说：“人们觉得自己有点与众不同，因为喜欢大多数人不喜欢的东西。”A. insecure不安全的；B. distinctive独特的，与众不同的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. traditional传统的。根据后文“for liking something that most people don’t like”可知，人们会因为喜欢大多数人不喜欢的东西而感到与众不同，故选B。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这表明，拉布布的吸引力部分在于它的非传统性——它让人们表明，他们不受传统品味的限制，他们敢于接受传统观念中“不可接受”的东西。A. deny否认；B. ignore忽视；C. resist抵抗；D. embrace接受。根据前文“they are not restricted by conventional tastes”可知，他们不受传统品味的限制，表明他们敢于接受传统观念中“不可接受”的东西，故选D。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：带着拉布布标志着一种轻松有趣的生活态度，一种对世界的俏皮示意。A. aggressive有侵略性的；B. playful爱玩的，俏皮的；C. adventurous冒险的；D. defensive防御的。根据后文“a winking at the world”以及“you might feel a tiny bit better if you bring a devilish chotchke to that 9 a.m. meeting”可知，但按照成年童心的逻辑，如果你带一个搞怪的小玩偶去开早九点的会，心情或许会好一点点。佩戴拉布布表明了一种轻松有趣的生活态度，故选B。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The Second World War was not just fought on battlefields; it was a daily reality in the homes of British civilians, where life was governed by a simple, brown booklet: the ration book. It was the key to our survival, controlling our weekly allowance of essentials like meat, sugar, and butter. To lose it was unthinkable — a disaster that would leave a family with nothing. And one day, I was the child who let slip from my fingers into a muddy street gutter (排水沟). The world froze in that moment. I watched in horror as the symbol of our family’s food disappeared beneath the muddy water. My heart sank faster than the booklet. I ran home, tears in my eyes, to confess my crime to my mother. I expected anger, a scolding for carelessness. Instead, her face fell into an expression of pure despair. “Without those coupons (购物券), we have nothing for the week,” she said quietly. Her reaction was far more frightening than any shout; it was the quiet, personal disaster fear. This small sound of genuine fear brought the abstract concept of “rationing” into sharp, emotional focus. It was no longer just a government policy we heard about on the radio. It was the very real possibility of an empty kitchen. My careless mistake had threatened our family’s next meals. Fortunately, there was a procedure for such disasters. My mother, with unshakable determination, took the wet, unrecognizable book to the local Food Office. After explaining our situation, the officials issued a replacement. The relief was tremendous, a weight lifted from our entire household. The incident taught me a profound lesson about that era. For children, the war could sometimes feel distant. But the fall of that ration book revealed the immense pressure and insecurity that defined my parents’ daily lives. It revealed the vulnerability of the home front, where a simple slip could lead to genuine hardship. That little brown booklet wasn’t just paper; it was the backbone of our morale (士气), a constant reminder that on the home front, every single coupon counted. 36. What is the function of contrasting the mother’s “pure despair” with the narrator’s expectation of “anger”? A. To illustrate the mother’s weak and pessimistic character. B. To understate the severity of the incident for dramatic effect. C. To emphasize the profound error caused by the loss of the ration book. D. To highlight the emotional indifference common among adults during the war. 37. What can be inferred from the solution of the incident at the Food Office? A. The family’s social status ensured they received special treatment. B. There existed an established practice for replacing lost ration books. C. Such accidents were so rare that officials were shocked by the request. D. The government’s benefit system was inefficient and unsympathetic. 38. Which of the following best describes the author’s evolving understanding of the war? A. It changes from a distant indifference to an intense, personal tear of battle. B. It transforms from a childish fascination to an adult-like sense of responsibility. C. It develops from a misunderstanding of the government’s policy to the strong support of it. D. It shifts from a generalized, abstract awareness to a personalized, concrete understanding. 39. What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To describe the fierce battles of World War II. B. To tell a funny childhood story that happened during the war. C. To show the importance of ration books in daily life during the war. D. To explain how the British government issued ration books during the war. 【答案】36. C 37. B 38. D 39. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了本文讲述作者二战时不慎弄丢家用配给本，体会到母亲的绝望，经补办化解危机，让作者真切明白配给本是战时英国家庭生存的重要保障。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“I expected anger, a scolding for carelessness. Instead, her face fell into an expression of pure despair.(我原本以为她会生气，会因为我的粗心而责骂我一番。然而，她脸上的表情却变成了极度绝望的样子)”以及第三段“It was no longer just a government policy we heard about on the radio. It was the very real possibility of an empty kitchen.(这不再仅仅是我们在广播中听到的政府政策那么简单。这已经变成了一个实实在在可能出现的情况——厨房变得空荡荡的)”可知，将母亲的“纯粹绝望”与叙述者所预期的“愤怒”进行对比，其作用是强调因失去配给证而造成的严重错误。故选C。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Fortunately, there was a procedure for such disasters. My mother, with unshakable determination, took the wet, unrecognizable book to the local Food Office. After explaining our situation, the officials issued a replacement.(幸运的是，对于这类情况是有应对办法的。我的母亲凭借着坚定不移的决心，将那本湿漉漉、面目全非的书送到了当地的食品局。在说明了我们的情况后，工作人员发放了一本新的配给本)”可知，丢失粮票簿的补发程序是早已确立的惯例。故选B。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“This small sound of genuine fear brought the abstract concept of “rationing” into sharp, emotional focus.(这轻微的真切恐惧声将“定量分配”这一抽象概念以强烈的情感形式凸显了出来)”可知，作者对这场战争从一种笼统的、抽象的认识转变为一种个人真切具体体会。故选D。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，根据最后一段“The incident taught me a profound lesson about that era. For children, the war could sometimes feel distant. But the fall of that ration book revealed the immense pressure and insecurity that defined my parents’ daily lives. It revealed the vulnerability of the home front, where a simple slip could lead to genuine hardship. That little brown booklet wasn’t just paper; it was the backbone of our morale (士气), a constant reminder that on the home front, every single coupon counted.(这件事让我对那个年代有了深刻的认识。对孩子们而言，战争有时显得遥不可及。但弄丢那本配给本，让我看清了父母日常生活中巨大的压力与不安，也让我看到后方民生的脆弱 —— 一个小小的疏忽，就会陷入实实在在的困境。那本小小的棕色本子绝非普通纸张，它是一家人的精神支柱，时刻提醒着：在后方生活里，每一张配给券都至关重要)”可知，这篇文章的主要目的是展示战时配给簿在日常生活中所具有的重要性。故选C。 (B) COURSE: History 101 “Introduction to American History” INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Jane Klammer OFFICE: 305 Marshall Hall OFFICE HOURS: 11:15-12:30 M W F (Monday Wednesday Friday) CLASS: 363 Marshall Hall 3:35-5:00 T Th (Tuesday Thursday) 10:10-11:00 M W F Other times by appointment TELEPHONE: 255-4786 TEXTBOOK: Green, Robert P, The American Tradition: A History of the United States. Charles E. Merrill publishing Co. Columbus, Ohio 1984, which is available at the College Bookstore. COURSE Requirements: mid-term exam: October 10 20% of the final grade final exam: December 10 40% of the final grade term paper due: December 15 40% of the final grade Attendance is not required, but you are responsible for all the information given in the class lectures. In the lectures, I will talk about the chapters in the textbook and other material that I choose to supplement the course. The exams will cover all this information. Therefore, I advise you to come to the class as much as possible. If you have to miss a class, be sure to get the class notes from another student. Your homework assignments are listed on the next page. You are supposed to read the chapter about which I will be lecturing before you come to class. This is to make sure that you understand as much as possible while taking notes in my lectures. Be prepared when you come to class. If there are any changes in the assigned homework reading, I will announce in class. The term paper is 40% of your final grade. It should not exceed fifteen pages. (Anyone thinking of majoring in history may write twenty-five pages.) Before the mid-term exam you will choose the topic for your paper. Have a good term! 40. If a student wants to know what the homework assignments are, ______. A. Prof. Klammer announces them in class B. the student reads the list on the next page C. Prof. Klammer gives a list every week D. The student goes to the professor's office 41. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. The textbook is written by Dr. Jane Klammer. B. If you miss a class, be sure to say sorry to Prof. Klammer. C. Prof. Klammer advises her students to preview the chapters to be covered in class. D. The students can buy “Introduction to American History” at the College Bookstore. 42. If Amber Chen, a freshman, thinks that she might major in history, what is the maximum length of her paper can be? A. Fifteen pages. B. Twenty-five pages. C. Ten pages. D. No maximum. 【答案】40. B 41. C 42. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国历史入门课程的相关信息及要求 。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Your homework assignments are listed on the next page.(你的家庭作业列在下一页。)”可知，如果学生想知道家庭作业是什么，可以阅读下一页的列表。故选B。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“You are supposed to read the chapter about which I will be lecturing before you come to class. This is to make sure that you understand as much as possible while taking notes in my lectures.(你应该在上课前阅读我将要讲授的章节。这是为了确保你在听我的讲座做笔记时能尽可能多地理解。)”可知，Klammer教授建议学生预习课堂上要讲的内容。故选C。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The term paper is 40% of your final grade. It should not exceed fifteen pages. (Anyone thinking of majoring in history may write twenty-five pages.)(学期论文占期末成绩的40%。它不应超过十五页。（任何想主修历史的人可以写二十五页。）)”可知，如果Amber Chen想主修历史，她的论文最长可以是二十五页。故选B。 (C) Bad luck always seems to strike at the worst possible moment. A man about to interview for his dream job gets stuck in traffic. A law student taking her final exam wakes up with a blinding headache. A runner twists his ankle minutes before a big race. These are all perfect examples of cruel fate (命运). Or are they? Psychologists who study such common accidents now believe that in many instances they may be carefully arranged schemes of the subconscious mind and that people often engage in a form of self-defeating behavior known as self-handicapping-or, in plain terms, excuse-making. It’s a simple process: By taking on a crippling handicap, a person makes it more likely that he or she will fail at an endeavor (努力,事业).Though it seems like a crazy thing to do, researchers say it is actually a clever trick of the mind, one that sets up a win-win situation by allowing a person to save face when he or she does fail. A classic self-handicapper is the French chess player Deschapelles who quickly became champion of his region. But when competition grew tougher, he adopted a new condition for all matches: He would compete only if his opponent would remove one of Deschapelles’ pawns (〈国际象棋中的〉兵,卒)and make the first move,increasing the odds (概率)that Deschapelles would lose. If he did lose, he could blame it on the other player's advantage; but if he won against such odds, he would be more respected for his amazing talents. Psychologists now use the term “Deschapelles coup” to refer to acts of self-handicapping prevailing in today’s world. Overall men are more likely than women to make excuses. Several studies suggest that men feel the need to appear competent in all realms, while women worry only about the skills in which they’ve invested heavily. Ask a man and a woman to go scuba diving (水肺潜水)for the first time, and the woman is likely to jump in, while the man is likely to first make it known that he's not feeling too well. In fact, the people most likely to become chronic excuse makers are those obsessed with success, says the researcher. Such people are so afraid of being labeled a failure at anything that they constantly develop one handicap or another in order to explain their failures. Self-handicapping may be an effective way of coping with performance anxiety. In the end, researchers say, it is a Faustian bargain (浮士德契约).Over the long run, excuse makers fail to live up to their true potential. And despite their protests to the contrary, they have only themselves to blame. 43. Which of the following is the chief topic of the passage? A. An analysis on how people avoid failure. B. A comparison between the ways men and women avoid failure. C. The story of a classic self-handicapper, Deschapelles. D. The psychological tricks some people use to avoid failure. 44. It can be inferred from the passage that a student who wanted to engage in self-handicapping would most probably____. A. work as hard as possible for an important exam B. try to cheat on a test to get a high score C. get drunk the night before a big exam D. take down only the key points in the class 45. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. Men are more competent than women in most trades. B. Deschapelles’ way of self-handicapping was to give his opponents more advantages. C. By self-handicapping, Deschapelles succeeded in showing the true limits of his ability. D. Men are more ready to face new challenges than women. 46. By saying “it is a Faustian bargain,” researchers mean that ____. A. self-handicapping is often an effective method of dealing with anxiety B. chronic excuse-making is an indication of one's depression C. excuse-makers will suffer from the destructive behavior eventually D. self-handicapping behavior is a difficult and complex process to understand 【答案】43. D 44. C 45. B 46. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述人们为了避免失败，通常会做出一种弄巧成拙的行为，心理学上称为自我设限，通俗地说，就是找借口。 【43题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段Psychologists who study such common accidents now believe thatin many instances they may be carefully arranged schemes of the subconscious mind and that people often engage in a form of self-defeating behavior known as self-handicapping-or, in plain terms, excuse-making. 本文主要讲述人们为了避免失败，通常会做出一种弄巧成拙的行为，心理学上称为自我设限，通俗地说，就是找借口。所以主题是人们避免失败所使用的心理策略。故选D。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段in many instances they may be carefully arranged schemes of the subconscious mind and that people often engage in a form of self-defeating behavior known as self-handicapping-or, in plain terms, excuse-making. 可知，一个人想要进行自我设限，就是找借口，那么可以推断出一个学生想要进行自我设限，他很可能在大考前夜喝醉，故选C。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章A classic self-handicapper is the French chess player Deschapelles who quickly became champion of his region. But when competition grew tougher, he adopted a new condition for all matches: He would compete only if his opponent would remove one of Deschapelles’ pawns (〈国际象棋中的〉兵,卒)and make the first move, increasing the odds (概率)that Deschapelles would lose. If he did lose, he could blame it on the other player's advantage; but if he won against such odds, he would be more respected for his amazing talents. 一个典型的自我设限者是法国棋手Deschapelles，他很快成为所在地区的冠军。但当竞争变得更加激烈时，他为所有的比赛设定了一个新条件:只有当他的对手移走了Deschapelles的一个棋子并率先采取行动时，他才会参加比赛，这增加了Deschapelles输掉比赛的几率。如果他输了，他可以把责任推到对方的优势上;但如果他在如此艰难的情况下获胜，他将因其惊人的天赋而更受尊敬。Overall, men are more likely than women to make excuses. Several studies suggest that men feel the need to appear competent in all realms, while women worry only about the skills in which they’ve invested heavily. Ask a man and a woman to go scuba diving (水肺潜水)for the first time, and the woman is likely to jump in, while the man is likely to first make it known that he's not feeling too well. 总的来说，男性比女性更容易找借口。几项研究表明，男性觉得有必要在所有领域都表现得有能力，而女性只担心自己投入了大量精力的技能。让一个男人和一个女人第一次去潜水，女人可能会跳下去，而男人可能会先让人知道他感觉不太好。通过这两段描述，可知ACD是错误的，B选项正确，故选B。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据下文Over the long run, excuse makers fail to live up to their true potential. And despite their protests to the contrary, they have only themselves to blame. 从长远来看，借口的制造者没能实现他们真正的潜力。尽管他们提出了相反的抗议，但这只能怪他们自己。由此可以推断出Faustian bargain浮士德交易是说从长远来看，借口制造者最终还是会受到不好的影响，故选C。 Section C Directions: Read the passages carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. (A) Climate Change Is the Victim of “Tragedy of the Commons” Our “commons” are those resources such as air, water, land, high-ways, fisheries, energy, and minerals upon which we all depend and for which we are all responsible.____47____ In 1968 the ecologist Garrett Hardin popularized a phrase for this strange behavior. He called it “the tragedy of the commons”. For example, a group of farmers share a common piece of land on which they are each entitled to let their cows eat grass. In the example, it is in each farmer’s interest to put more cows onto the land, even if the quality of the land is temporarily or permanently damaged for overeating. ____48____ If all farmers make this seemingly reasonable economic decision, the common land will be damaged or even destroyed to the harm of all. Similar to Hardin’s theory is global warming crisis. One reason why it is so hard to reduce carbon emissions is that climate change occurs globally. The countries that produce the most greenhouse gas all need to take action to fix the problem. ____49____ According to a UN report out last month, the gap between the rising temperature and government action to cut greenhouse emissions remains large. The destructive effects of recent extreme events and extreme weather disasters also prove that our ability to adapt to a changing climate is now low, according to the report. If left unchecked, the report finds climate change will pose risks including:  ____50____  Widespread hunger due to warming, drought and severe rains.  Damage to big cities because of inland flooding.  Extreme weather and storms, damaging some of the things we take for granted, like electricity, running water and emergency services. “We all live in an era of long-lasting climate change,” said Vicente Barros, co-chair of the group that prepared the report. “In many cases, we are not prepared for the climate-related risks that we already face.” A. Coastal flooding, which will destroy areas near the shore. B. Unfortunately, every nation wants to act in its own interest but that may not contribute to the global welfare. C. Farmers then agree to avoid hurting the balance of the grassland. D. Fewer trees, caused by deforestation and the wide use of wood as a kind of raw material. E. When it comes to our commons, we may find ourselves acting in surprisingly selfish ways. F. The farmer receives all of the benefits from every additional cow, while the damage to the land is taken by the entire group. 【答案】47. E 48. F 49. B 50. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以“公地悲剧”理论为切入点，指出气候变化本质是该悲剧的体现 —— 各国追求自身利益导致减排困难。联合国报告警示，若不采取有效行动，气候变化将引发饥饿、洪水等多重全球风险。 【47题详解】 根据上文“Our “commons” are those resources such as air, water, land, high-ways, fisheries, energy, and minerals upon which we all depend and for which we are all responsible.(我们的“公共资源”指的是诸如空气、水、土地、公路、渔业资源、能源以及矿产等各类资源，这些资源是我们共同依赖的，同时也需要我们共同去保护和管理)”以及后文“In 1968 the ecologist Garrett Hardin popularized a phrase for this strange behavior. He called it “the tragedy of the commons”.(1968 年，生态学家加勒特·哈丁为这种奇特的行为创造了一个形象的表述。他将其称为“公地悲剧”)”可知，前文定义“公地”是人类共同依赖且需负责的资源，后文提到哈丁提出“公地悲剧”这一术语，用于描述“奇怪的行为”。选项E“谈及公地时，我们可能会表现出惊人的自私行为”既承接“公地”的定义，又点出“公地悲剧”的核心 —— 人类自私行为，为后文术语解释铺垫，逻辑连贯。故选E。 【48题详解】 根据上文“For example, a group of farmers share a common piece of land on which they are each entitled to let their cows eat grass. In the example, it is in each farmer’s interest to put more cows onto the land, even if the quality of the land is temporarily or permanently damaged for overeating.(例如，一群农民共用一块公共土地，他们各自都有权让自己的奶牛在这一片土地上吃草。在这一例子中，每个农民都有意让更多的奶牛在这片土地上吃草，即便过度放牧会导致土地质量暂时或永久受损)”以及后文“If all farmers make this seemingly reasonable economic decision, the common land will be damaged or even destroyed to the harm of all.(如果所有农民都做出这种看似合理的经济决策，那么公共土地将会遭到破坏甚至被毁坏，从而给所有人带来损害)”可知，前文举例“农民共用牧场，倾向于多放奶牛”，后文转折“若所有农民都如此，牧场会被毁”。选项 F“农民能从额外的奶牛中获得全部收益，而土地的破坏却由整个群体承担”，精准解释了农民“多放奶牛”的自私动机（个人获益、集体担责），使举例逻辑完整，衔接前后文的因果关系。故选F。 【49题详解】 根据上文“Similar to Hardin’s theory is global warming crisis. One reason why it is so hard to reduce carbon emissions is that climate change occurs globally. The countries that produce the most greenhouse gas all need to take action to fix the problem.(与哈丁的理论类似的是全球变暖危机。之所以很难减少碳排放，其中一个原因在于气候变化是全球性的。那些排放温室气体最多的国家都需要采取行动来解决这个问题)”可知，前文指出“全球变暖与公地悲剧类似，需排放大国共同行动”，选项B“不幸的是，每个国家都想为自身利益行事，却可能不利于全球福祉”，直接点出全球减排的核心困境——国家利益与全球利益的冲突，与“公地悲剧”中 个人自私损害集体”的本质一致，完成类比衔接。故选B。 【50题详解】 根据后文“Widespread hunger due to warming, drought and severe rains. Damage to big cities because of inland flooding. Extreme weather and storms, damaging some of the things we take for granted, like electricity, running water and emergency services.(由于气候变暖、干旱和暴雨，出现了广泛的饥荒现象。 内陆洪水对大城市造成了破坏。 极端天气和风暴破坏了我们习以为常的一些事物，比如电力、自来水和应急服务。)”可知，后文列举了“普遍饥饿、内陆洪水破坏大城市、极端天气影响基础设施”等风险，选项A“海岸洪水将摧毁沿海地区”属于气候变化引发的典型灾害，与后文列举的风险类型（洪水、饥饿、极端天气）一致，且句式简洁，符合分点列举的结构，故选 A。 (B) A New Deal for China’s Delivery Drivers In China’s booming food delivery industry, millions of riders race against the clock daily. For years, the pressure on these drivers has been a subject of intense public scrutiny. Strict deadlines, often enforced by demanding algorithms, and the threat of heavy financial penalties for late deliveries created a highly stressful work environment. This system put immense strain on riders, often forcing them to compromise their safety just to meet rigid targets. ____51____ E-commerce giant JD.com is leading the charge in reforming the penalty system. It has launched a food delivery pilot program in 25 major cities, including Shenzhen and Wuhan. Under its new rules, drivers no longer face immediate cash deductions for overdue orders. ____52____ This “service score” is affected by the extent of the delay rather than a simple pass/fail judgment. A company representative explained that this “humanized management approach” aims to help drivers serve users with greater peace of mind, removing the fear that a single traffic jam could ruin their daily earnings. ____53____ At a recent forum, the company announced it would eliminate late delivery penalties for drivers by the end of 2025. However, they are going a step further by addressing the physical barriers that slow drivers down. Meituan has launched a “driver-friendly community” initiative to tackle the “last mile” problem. By installing Bluetooth systems and using QR codes, they have granted riders easier access to over 24,000 gated neighborhoods, significantly improving delivery efficiency without forcing drivers to rush. Finally, the reforms extend beyond just removing fines and improving access. Companies now recognize that true driver welfare involves a more comprehensive support system that protects drivers outside of their delivery hours. ____54____ JD.com has established health insurance for drivers and provided subsidies during extreme weather. Similarly, Ele.me signed an agreement to include provisions for clearly defined time off, signaling a growing consensus that a sustainable business model must prioritize the human needs of its workforce. A. For instance, concrete measures are being introduced to provide long-term security and health benefits. B. Instead, their performance is evaluated through a more points-based approach. C. In response, major platforms are now initiating comprehensive reforms covering punitive rules, daily logistics, and social benefits. D. Following this lead, industry leader Meituan is also making significant changes to its operational policies. E. Drivers often complained that the old algorithms did not account for real-time traffic jams. F. The platform will also deploy AI to enhance the efficiency of issue resolution. 【答案】51 C 52. B 53. D 54. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国外卖行业为改善骑手工作条件所采取的一系列改革措施。 【51题详解】 由上文“For years, the pressure on these drivers has been a subject of intense public scrutiny. Strict deadlines, often enforced by demanding algorithms, and the threat of heavy financial penalties for late deliveries created a highly stressful work environment. This system put immense strain on riders, often forcing them to compromise their safety just to meet rigid targets.(多年来，这些骑手面临的巨大压力一直是公众高度关注的话题。严苛的配送时限（通常由苛刻的算法强制要求）以及延误配送面临高额罚款的风险，造就了高压的工作环境。这套体系让骑手不堪重负，他们常常不得不牺牲自身安全，只为完成严苛的配送指标。)”及下文“E-commerce giant JD.com is leading the charge in reforming the penalty system.(电商巨头京东率先带头改革罚款制度。)”可知，上文描述了外卖骑手面临的高压工作环境，下文提到京东开始改革罚款制度，本空应说明主要平台正在采取行动进行全面改革，C选项“In response, major platforms are now initiating comprehensive reforms covering punitive rules, daily logistics, and social benefits.(作为回应，各大平台正发起涵盖处罚规则、日常物流和社会保障的全面改革。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选C。 【52题详解】 由上文“Under its new rules, drivers no longer face immediate cash deductions for overdue orders.(根据新规定，骑手不再面临逾期订单的即时现金扣除。)”及下文“This “service score” is affected by the extent of the delay rather than a simple pass/fail judgment.(这个“服务分数”受延误程度的影响，而不是简单的通过/失败判断。)”可知，上文提到京东改革了罚款制度，骑手不再面临逾期订单的即时现金扣除，下文提到“服务分数”受延误程度的影响，本空应说明骑手的表现是如何评估的，B选项“Instead, their performance is evaluated through a more points-based approach.(相反，他们的表现是通过一种更基于积分的方法来评估的。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选B。 【53题详解】 由下文“At a recent forum, the company announced it would eliminate late delivery penalties for drivers by the end of 2025. However, they are going a step further by addressing the physical barriers that slow drivers down. Meituan has launched a “driver-friendly community” initiative to tackle the “last mile” problem. By installing Bluetooth systems and using QR codes, they have granted riders easier access to over 24,000 gated neighborhoods, significantly improving delivery efficiency without forcing drivers to rush.(在近期的一场论坛上，该公司宣布将于2025年底全面取消骑手延误配送罚款。不仅如此，他们还进一步解决阻碍骑手配送的现实障碍。美团推出了“骑手友好社区”计划，破解“最后一公里”难题。通过安装蓝牙系统和使用二维码，骑手可更便捷地进入超过2.4万个封闭小区，在不必匆忙赶路的情况下大幅提升配送效率。)”可知，下文提到另一家公司美团也宣布了改革措施，本空应引出美团的改革，D选项“Following this lead, industry leader Meituan is also making significant changes to its operational policies.(在这一举措的引领下，行业领导者美团也在对其运营政策进行重大改革。)”能引出下文，符合语境。故选D。 【54题详解】 由上文“Finally, the reforms extend beyond just removing fines and improving access. Companies now recognize that true driver welfare involves a more comprehensive support system that protects drivers outside of their delivery hours.(最后，改革不仅仅局限于取消罚款和改善准入。公司现在认识到，真正的骑手福利需要一个更全面的支持系统，在骑手非送货时间保护他们。)”及下文“JD.com has established health insurance for drivers and provided subsidies during extreme weather. Similarly, Ele.me signed an agreement to include provisions for clearly defined time off, signaling a growing consensus that a sustainable business model must prioritize the human needs of its workforce.(京东已为骑手建立健康保险，并在极端天气期间发放补贴。无独有偶，饿了么也签署协议，明确规定骑手的休息时间。这表明业界越来越达成共识：可持续的商业模式必须把员工的人文需求放在首位。)”可知，上文提到改革不仅限于取消罚款和改善准入，还包括更全面的支持系统，下文举例说明了京东和饿了么为司机提供的具体福利措施，本空应说明具体措施是什么，A选项“For instance, concrete measures are being introduced to provide long-term security and health benefits.(例如，正在采取具体措施提供长期安全和健康福利。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选A。 IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 55. 看来，少吃高油高糖的食物对健康是大有裨益的。(seem) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 【答案】It seems that eating less food high in oil and sugar is of great benefit to health. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、非谓语、固定短语。表示“看来”用固定句型It seems that...；表示“吃”用eat，在that引导的从句中作主语，应用动名词形式；表示“更少的食物”用less food；表示“高油高糖的”用high in oil and sugar，作food的后置定语；表示“对……大有裨益”用固定短语be of great benefit to...，本句描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，动名词作主语，be动词用is；表示“健康”用health，作介词to的宾语。故翻译为It seems that eating less food high in oil and sugar is of great benefit to health. 56. 当你学习时务必拿开所有电子设备，这样能有效地提高学习效率。(make sure) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 【答案】When you study, make sure to put away all electronic devices, which can effectively improve your study efficiency. 【解析】 【详解】考查时间状语从句、非限制性定语从句、非谓语动词。表示“当……时候”用when，引导时间状语从句；表示“你”用you，作从句主语；表示“学习”用study，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语为you，谓语动词用原形；表示“务必”用make sure，祈使句以动词原形开始；表示“拿开”用put away，用不定式形式作宾语；表示“所有电子设备”用all electronic devices，作put away的宾语；表示“这样能有效地提高学习效率”用非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导；表示“能”用can；表示“有效地提高”用effectively improve，谓语情态动词can后，用动词原形；表示“你的学习效率”用your study efficiency，作improve的宾语。故翻译为When you study, make sure to put away all electronic devices, which can effectively improve your study efficiency. 57. 做家务被证明是一个增进家庭凝聚力的好方式。(prove) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 【答案】Doing housework has proved to be a good way to enhance family cohesion. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词。表示“做家务”用do housework，作主语，应用动名词形式，句首单词，首字母大写；表示“证明”用prove，此处强调已经完成的动作，用现在完成时，主语为动名词短语，助动词用has；表示“是一个……的好方式”用be a good way to...，用不定式形式作表语；表示“增进”用enhance，位于不定式符号to后，用动词原形。表示“家庭凝聚力”用family cohesion，作enhance的宾语。故翻译为Doing housework has proved to be a good way to enhance family cohesion. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 上海市建平中学2025-2026学年高一上学期12月教学质量检测 英语试卷 考试时间90分钟，试卷满分94分。 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, you will have to decide which choice is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Pepper. B. Salt. C. Water. D. Flavour. 2. A. The couple has overslept. B. The flight was overbooked. C. There was severe weather. D. A mechanical issue occurred. 3. A. $155. B. $135. C. $165. D. $145. 4. A. He was out of money. B. He misplaced his wallet. C. He paid bills late. D. He felt stressed at work. 5. A. Making detailed weekend plan. B. Whether to have dinner together. C. Reasons for being in a rush. D. Timing of dinner around a film. 6. A. He failed the test. B. He missed the test. C. He got a decent grade. D. He earned the credit. 7. A. Typing his presentation. B. Overcoming anxiety. C. Attending job interviews. D. Critiquing his speech. 8. A. The man cooks Indian food frequently. B. The man dislikes the recommended food. C. The man seems to enjoy complex flavour. D. The man tried Indian meals two weeks ago. 9. A. Get a new computer. B. Close browser windows. C. Add more freezing ice. D. Purchase memory sticks. 10. A. Guests prefer beer to wine. B. She couldn't decide on the drinks. C. Having varied drink options is safer. D. Big groups require large quantities of drinks. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you will have seven seconds to decide which choice would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. It showed up in a knowledge fair. B. It was designed by a group of students. C It was made of recycled materials. D. It could work without the power source. 12. A. Speak and introduce itself. B. Move around in a large area. C. Detect and avoid obstacles. D. Respond to voice commands. 13. A. He is the host of the knowledge fair. B. He earns a lot of money as the prize. C. He uses electronics kit to build robots. D. He understands the way in which Robby work. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. They try to discover the full picture of life in the universe. B. They start to emerge due to environmental problems. C. They focus only on rare or endangered species. D. They are interested in that gray sidewalk. 15. A. As an academic subject few are interested in. B. As an enjoyable lifestyle choice for young people. C. As a profitable career pursued by university students. D. As a growing environmental movement across society. 16. A. Visit more natural history museums. B. Make changes towards a greener lifestyle. C. Pursue a career as a professional. D. Contribute to understanding the life puzzle. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Homes for people with dementia (痴呆) From Japan to the United States, countries around the world are dealing with the effects of aging populations. Sweden, ____1____ life expectancy is very high, is no exception. Nearly one in four Swedes will be 65 years or older by 2040, part ____2____ the baby boom following World War II. In Sweden, most care for the elderly is government funded, ____3____ means a heavy burden on spending and resources. Meanwhile, the proportion of elderly people developing dementia____4____ (grow) larger and larger nowadays. So one of the biggest concerns is the supply of affordable yet comfortable accommodations for the elderly with dementia. Furniture giant Ikea has one idea. It is launching a new style of home for dementia patients through BoKlok which is a business project with Swedish construction company Skanska, the very company____5____makes more sustainable and affordable housing. For the past three decades, the group has built more than 11,000 modular homes throughout Sweden, Finland and Norway using the Ikea model. Where a large quantity of parts____6____ (produce) at a dedicated factory to cut the costs lower are income customers only pay what they can afford. Now, with some modifications, the company thinks it can help people who struggle with memory loss to live at home — saving the government money____7____ it would otherwise spend on care, and it is the very first time that the company____8____ (build) customized homes for people with dementia just outside Stockholm. Design modifications include taking mirrors out of bathrooms and fitting kitchen appliances with old-fashioned knobs, rather than digital controls. The developments also emphasize spending time outdoors and will include “healing” gardens and clubhouses for socializing. That could make ____9____ more appealing for a partner to move there, too. BoKlok is in the early stages of launching a new style of home for dementia patients in Sweden, its first market, and is starting to talk to local governments about land and zoning. So far, the company has built a small pilot of six apartments just outside Stockholm. Residents haven’t moved in yet due to an ongoing permit dispute with neighbors, _____10_____ the company maintains a legal resolution is “on its way”. BoKlok CEO Jonas Spangenberg appeals to the government, “Make that clever move now before it's too late.” Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. assume B. customize C. credited D. dotted E. facility F. informally G. mixed-use H. passage I. previously J. shift K. specific The New Oases Frank Gehry, a celebrity architect, likes to cause aesthetic controversy, and his Stata Center the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) did the trick. Housing MIT’s computer-science and philosophy departments with numerous unusual angles and windows, the ____11____ has become a planned landmark. But the building’s major innovation is on the inside. The entire structure was planned with the nomadic (游牧的) lifestyles of modern students and faculty in mind and serves as a new kind of “____12____ space.” This is best seen in the building’s “student street,” an indoor ____13____ that twists and turns through the building and is open to the public 24 hours a day. It is ____14____ with small spaces. Cafés meander sit alongside work desks and whiteboards, and there is free Wi-Fi everywhere. Students, teachers, and visitors are cramming for exams, researching, reading, and discussing. No part of the student street is physically specialized for any of these activities. Instead, every bit of it can instantly become the venue for a seminar, a snack, or relaxation. The fact that people are no longer tied to ____15____ places for functions such as studying or learning, says Mr. Mitchell, professor of architecture and computer science at MIT who worked with Mr. Gehry on the center’s design, means that there is “a huge drop in demand for traditional, private, enclosed spaces” such as offices or classrooms, and simultaneously “a huge rise in demand for semi-public spaces that can be ____16____ used as temporary workspaces.” This ____17____, he thinks, amounts to the biggest change in architecture in this century. The new architecture, says Mr. Mitchell, will “make spaces intentionally multifunctional”. Architects are thinking about light, air, trees, and gardens, all in the service of human connections. Almost any public space can be ____18____ with some of these features. For example, a not-for-profit organization in New York has turned Bryant Park, a charming garden in front of the city’s public library, which was ____19____ abandoned, into a multifunctional space popular with office workers now. The park’s managers noticed that a lot of visitors were using mobile phones and laptops in the park, so they installed Wi-Fi and added some chairs with foldable lecture desks. The idea was not to distract people from the flowers but to let them ____20____ their little bit of the park. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. A furry demon with rabbit ears and a crazy smile has recently been spotted next to the singer Lizzo. The creature is Labubu — a soft-bellied plushie (玩具) that Pop Mart began distributing in 2019, and that has, in the past year, gained numerous ____21____. In 2024, Pop Mart reported a more than 700 percent increase in its sales. Commentators have offered all sorts of theories as to why Labubu has become a ____22____. One factor might be scarcity: Each new Labubu release on Pop Mart’s online store tends to be ____23____ in minutes. Another might be surprise: The plushie arrives in a blind box. But these factors, while reasonable, barely touch on the ____24____ of why an “ugly-cute” toy has appealed to adults a lot. In my opinion, the craze for Labubu is simply an extension of the phenomenon known as “kidulthood,” in which the boundary between childhood and adulthood grows increasingly ____25____. In the past few years, more American adults have been buying stuffed animals — some in an effort to reconstruct a sense of ____26____, and more play into grown-up life. Labubus are “public displays of cuteness”. But historically, loving cute objects has always been regarded as ____27____ at best and a worrying swing toward infancy at worst. Adults who loved childlike things were “seen to be morally immature and refusing to play their full part in society”. As recently as 2020, in an article about plushies, one writer to loving cute objects described her stuffed dog as her “____28____.” Yet this resistance to immature objects has been gradually disappearing, which is part of a century-long evolution in which childhood has come to be seen as a ____29____ life stage. To be childlike has an increasingly positive meaning in terms of openness to ideas and freedom from dogmatism (教条主义). Meanwhile, attitudes about what it means to be an adult are ____30____. Many assumed that children were supposed to “grow out of vulnerability” when they became adults, as if weakness were something to be ____31____ rather than a part of human being. But now, more and more people are pushing back on that idea. ____32____ dies hard, though, which might be another reason Labubu has gained charm. Within the range of cute things, a “demon-looking” stuffed is more “ugly-cute” — adorable, monstrous, deliberately weird. People feel that they themselves are a little bit ____33____, Joshua Dals, a professor at Chuo University said, “for liking something that most people don’t like.” This suggests that Labubu’s appeal lies partly in its unconventionality — it lets people signal that they are not restricted by conventional tastes, that they dare to ____34____ what is “unacceptable” to traditional mindsets. Wearing Labubu signals a(n) ____35____ attitude to life, a winking at the world. Monday will come around again, with its dreaded wake-up alarms and emails. But according to the logic of kidulthood, you might feel a tiny bit better if you bring a devilish chotchke to that 9 a.m. meeting. 21. A. competitors B. admirers C. imitators D. designers 22. A. hit B. symbol C. product D. joke 23. A. sold out B. set aside C. given away D. held back 24. A. symptom B. image C. core D. surface 25. A. obvious B. established C. rigid D. unclear 26. A. adulthood B. parenthood C. livelihood D. childhood 27. A. ambition B. maturity C. diligence D. escapism 28. A. proud achievement B. daily routine C. casual hobby D. dark secret 29. A. temporary B. continuous C. precious D. weak 30. A. strengthening B. changing C. emerging D. fading 31. A. preserved B. tolerated C. eliminated D. recognized 32. A. Shame B. Popularity C. Pride D. Trend 33. A. insecure B. distinctive C. awkward D. traditional 34. A. deny B. ignore C. resist D. embrace 35. A. aggressive B. playful C. adventurous D. defensive Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The Second World War was not just fought on battlefields; it was a daily reality in the homes of British civilians, where life was governed by a simple, brown booklet: the ration book. It was the key to our survival, controlling our weekly allowance of essentials like meat, sugar, and butter. To lose it was unthinkable — a disaster that would leave a family with nothing. And one day, I was the child who let slip from my fingers into a muddy street gutter (排水沟). The world froze in that moment. I watched in horror as the symbol of our family’s food disappeared beneath the muddy water. My heart sank faster than the booklet. I ran home, tears in my eyes, to confess my crime to my mother. I expected anger, a scolding for carelessness. Instead, her face fell into an expression of pure despair. “Without those coupons (购物券), we have nothing for the week,” she said quietly. Her reaction was far more frightening than any shout; it was the quiet, personal disaster fear. This small sound of genuine fear brought the abstract concept of “rationing” into sharp, emotional focus. It was no longer just a government policy we heard about on the radio. It was the very real possibility of an empty kitchen. My careless mistake had threatened our family’s next meals. Fortunately, there was a procedure for such disasters. My mother, with unshakable determination, took the wet, unrecognizable book to the local Food Office. After explaining our situation, the officials issued a replacement. The relief was tremendous, a weight lifted from our entire household. The incident taught me a profound lesson about that era. For children, the war could sometimes feel distant. But the fall of that ration book revealed the immense pressure and insecurity that defined my parents’ daily lives. It revealed the vulnerability of the home front, where a simple slip could lead to genuine hardship. That little brown booklet wasn’t just paper; it was the backbone of our morale (士气), a constant reminder that on the home front, every single coupon counted. 36. What is the function of contrasting the mother’s “pure despair” with the narrator’s expectation of “anger”? A. To illustrate the mother’s weak and pessimistic character. B. To understate the severity of the incident for dramatic effect. C. To emphasize the profound error caused by the loss of the ration book. D. To highlight the emotional indifference common among adults during the war. 37. What can be inferred from the solution of the incident at the Food Office? A. The family’s social status ensured they received special treatment. B. There existed an established practice for replacing lost ration books. C. Such accidents were so rare that officials were shocked by the request. D. The government’s benefit system was inefficient and unsympathetic. 38. Which of the following best describes the author’s evolving understanding of the war? A. It changes from a distant indifference to an intense, personal tear of battle. B. It transforms from a childish fascination to an adult-like sense of responsibility. C. It develops from a misunderstanding of the government’s policy to the strong support of it. D. It shifts from a generalized, abstract awareness to a personalized, concrete understanding. 39. What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To describe the fierce battles of World War II. B. To tell a funny childhood story that happened during the war. C. To show the importance of ration books in daily life during the war. D. To explain how the British government issued ration books during the war. (B) COURSE: History 101 “Introduction to American History” INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Jane Klammer OFFICE: 305 Marshall Hall OFFICE HOURS: 11:15-12:30 M W F (Monday Wednesday Friday) CLASS: 363 Marshall Hall 3:35-5:00 T Th (Tuesday Thursday) 10:10-11:00 M W F Other times by appointment TELEPHONE: 255-4786 TEXTBOOK: Green, Robert P, The American Tradition: A History of the United States. Charles E. Merrill publishing Co. Columbus, Ohio 1984, which is available at the College Bookstore. COURSE Requirements: mid-term exam: October 10 20% of the final grade final exam: December 10 40% of the final grade term paper due: December 15 40% of the final grade Attendance is not required, but you are responsible for all the information given in the class lectures. In the lectures, I will talk about the chapters in the textbook and other material that I choose to supplement the course. The exams will cover all this information. Therefore, I advise you to come to the class as much as possible. If you have to miss a class, be sure to get the class notes from another student. Your homework assignments are listed on the next page. You are supposed to read the chapter about which I will be lecturing before you come to class. This is to make sure that you understand as much as possible while taking notes in my lectures. Be prepared when you come to class. If there are any changes in the assigned homework reading, I will announce in class. The term paper is 40% of your final grade. It should not exceed fifteen pages. (Anyone thinking of majoring in history may write twenty-five pages.) Before the mid-term exam you will choose the topic for your paper. Have a good term! 40. If a student wants to know what the homework assignments are ______. A. Prof. Klammer announces them in class B. the student reads the list on the next page C. Prof. Klammer gives a list every week D. The student goes to the professor's office 41. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. The textbook is written by Dr. Jane Klammer. B. If you miss a class, be sure to say sorry to Prof. Klammer. C. Prof. Klammer advises her students to preview the chapters to be covered in class. D. The students can buy “Introduction to American History” at the College Bookstore. 42. If Amber Chen, a freshman, thinks that she might major in history, what is the maximum length of her paper can be? A. Fifteen pages. B. Twenty-five pages. C. Ten pages. D. No maximum. (C) Bad luck always seems to strike at the worst possible moment. A man about to interview for his dream job gets stuck in traffic. A law student taking her final exam wakes up with a blinding headache. A runner twists his ankle minutes before a big race. These are all perfect examples of cruel fate (命运). Or are they? Psychologists who study such common accidents now believe that in many instances they may be carefully arranged schemes of the subconscious mind and that people often engage in a form of self-defeating behavior known as self-handicapping-or, in plain terms, excuse-making. It’s a simple process: By taking on a crippling handicap, a person makes it more likely that he or she will fail at an endeavor (努力,事业).Though it seems like a crazy thing to do, researchers say it is actually a clever trick of the mind, one that sets up a win-win situation by allowing a person to save face when he or she does fail. A classic self-handicapper is the French chess player Deschapelles who quickly became champion of his region. But when competition grew tougher, he adopted a new condition for all matches: He would compete only if his opponent would remove one of Deschapelles’ pawns (〈国际象棋中的〉兵,卒)and make the first move,increasing the odds (概率)that Deschapelles would lose. If he did lose, he could blame it on the other player's advantage; but if he won against such odds, he would be more respected for his amazing talents. Psychologists now use the term “Deschapelles coup” to refer to acts of self-handicapping prevailing in today’s world. Overall, men are more likely than women to make excuses. Several studies suggest that men feel the need to appear competent in all realms, while women worry only about the skills in which they’ve invested heavily. Ask a man and a woman to go scuba diving (水肺潜水)for the first time, and the woman is likely to jump in, while the man is likely to first make it known that he's not feeling too well. In fact, the people most likely to become chronic excuse makers are those obsessed with success, says the researcher. Such people are so afraid of being labeled a failure at anything that they constantly develop one handicap or another in order to explain their failures. Self-handicapping may be an effective way of coping with performance anxiety. In the end, researchers say, it is a Faustian bargain (浮士德契约).Over the long run, excuse makers fail to live up to their true potential. And despite their protests to the contrary, they have only themselves to blame. 43. Which of the following is the chief topic of the passage? A. An analysis on how people avoid failure. B. A comparison between the ways men and women avoid failure. C. The story of a classic self-handicapper, Deschapelles. D. The psychological tricks some people use to avoid failure. 44. It can be inferred from the passage that a student who wanted to engage in self-handicapping would most probably____. A. work as hard as possible for an important exam B try to cheat on a test to get a high score C. get drunk the night before a big exam D. take down only the key points in the class 45. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. Men are more competent than women in most trades. B. Deschapelles’ way of self-handicapping was to give his opponents more advantages. C. By self-handicapping, Deschapelles succeeded in showing the true limits of his ability. D. Men are more ready to face new challenges than women. 46. By saying “it is a Faustian bargain,” researchers mean that ____. A. self-handicapping is often an effective method of dealing with anxiety B. chronic excuse-making is an indication of one's depression C. excuse-makers will suffer from the destructive behavior eventually D. self-handicapping behavior is a difficult and complex process to understand Section C Directions: Read the passages carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. (A) Climate Change Is the Victim of “Tragedy of the Commons” Our “commons” are those resources such as air, water, land, high-ways, fisheries, energy, and minerals upon which we all depend and for which we are all responsible.____47____ In 1968 the ecologist Garrett Hardin popularized a phrase for this strange behavior. He called it “the tragedy of the commons”. For example, a group of farmers share a common piece of land on which they are each entitled to let their cows eat grass. In the example, it is in each farmer’s interest to put more cows onto the land, even if the quality of the land is temporarily or permanently damaged for overeating. ____48____ If all farmers make this seemingly reasonable economic decision, the common land will be damaged or even destroyed to the harm of all. Similar to Hardin’s theory is global warming crisis. One reason why it is so hard to reduce carbon emissions is that climate change occurs globally. The countries that produce the most greenhouse gas all need to take action to fix the problem. ____49____ According to a UN report out last month, the gap between the rising temperature and government action to cut greenhouse emissions remains large. The destructive effects of recent extreme events and extreme weather disasters also prove that our ability to adapt to a changing climate is now low, according to the report. If left unchecked, the report finds climate change will pose risks including:  ____50____  Widespread hunger due to warming, drought and severe rains.  Damage to big cities because of inland flooding.  Extreme weather and storms, damaging some of the things we take for granted, like electricity, running water and emergency services. “We all live in an era of long-lasting climate change,” said Vicente Barros, co-chair of the group that prepared the report. “In many cases, we are not prepared for the climate-related risks that we already face.” A. Coastal flooding, which will destroy areas near the shore. B. Unfortunately, every nation wants to act in its own interest but that may not contribute to the global welfare. C. Farmers then agree to avoid hurting the balance of the grassland. D. Fewer trees, caused by deforestation and the wide use of wood as a kind of raw material. E. When it comes to our commons, we may find ourselves acting in surprisingly selfish ways. F. The farmer receives all of the benefits from every additional cow, while the damage to the land is taken by the entire group. (B) A New Deal for China’s Delivery Drivers In China’s booming food delivery industry, millions of riders race against the clock daily. For years, the pressure on these drivers has been a subject of intense public scrutiny. Strict deadlines, often enforced by demanding algorithms, and the threat of heavy financial penalties for late deliveries created a highly stressful work environment. This system put immense strain on riders, often forcing them to compromise their safety just to meet rigid targets. ____51____ E-commerce giant JD.com is leading the charge in reforming the penalty system. It has launched a food delivery pilot program in 25 major cities, including Shenzhen and Wuhan. Under its new rules, drivers no longer face immediate cash deductions for overdue orders. ____52____ This “service score” is affected by the extent of the delay rather than a simple pass/fail judgment. A company representative explained that this “humanized management approach” aims to help drivers serve users with greater peace of mind, removing the fear that a single traffic jam could ruin their daily earnings. ____53____ At a recent forum, the company announced it would eliminate late delivery penalties for drivers by the end of 2025. However, they are going a step further by addressing the physical barriers that slow drivers down. Meituan has launched a “driver-friendly community” initiative to tackle the “last mile” problem. By installing Bluetooth systems and using QR codes, they have granted riders easier access to over 24,000 gated neighborhoods, significantly improving delivery efficiency without forcing drivers to rush. Finally, the reforms extend beyond just removing fines and improving access. Companies now recognize that true driver welfare involves a more comprehensive support system that protects drivers outside of their delivery hours. ____54____ JD.com has established health insurance for drivers and provided subsidies during extreme weather. Similarly Ele.me signed an agreement to include provisions for clearly defined time off, signaling a growing consensus that a sustainable business model must prioritize the human needs of its workforce. A. For instance, concrete measures are being introduced to provide long-term security and health benefits. B. Instead, their performance is evaluated through a more points-based approach. C. In response, major platforms are now initiating comprehensive reforms covering punitive rules, daily logistics, and social benefits. D. Following this lead, industry leader Meituan is also making significant changes to its operational policies. E. Drivers often complained that the old algorithms did not account for real-time traffic jams. F. The platform will also deploy AI to enhance the efficiency of issue resolution. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 55. 看来，少吃高油高糖的食物对健康是大有裨益的。(seem) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 56. 当你学习时务必拿开所有电子设备，这样能有效地提高学习效率。(make sure) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 57. 做家务被证明是一个增进家庭凝聚力的好方式。(prove) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $