专题03 完形填空（期中真题汇编，上海专用）高二英语下学期

专题03 完形填空（期中真题汇编，上海专用） 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·上海青浦高级中学·期中) For some time, Chinese dietary therapy has continued to heat up. “Punk yangsheng” — young Chinese people compensating for unhealthy habits by half-heartedly 1 the yangsheng, or body-healing, habits of older generations — is trendy and the term is used to 2 the desire to pursue both a healthy lifestyle and instant pleasure. Middle-aged people may count on goji berry (枸杞) tea to 3 their youth, while their offsprings (后代) are purchasing bottled drinks containing goji berries to 4 lack of sleep. New-style tea brands have 5 the market with night owl beverages and a variety of yangsheng drinks. And from bread, mooncakes, to desserts, all kinds of Chinese medical food are 6 one after another. Many people use them to 7 busy lifestyles characterized by extended workdays, late evenings spent in front of screens, and regular consumption of spicy and fatty foods. These are just part of a global wellness boom, but the traditional concept of yangsheng has given the trend a unique cultural twist in China. The concept of yangsheng is, in fact, thousands of years old. This buzzword is 8 in Chinese philosophy. Originating from Taoism and traditional Chinese medicine beliefs, the vast 9 of yangsheng includes habits like eating a healthy diet, exercising, meditating and so on. However, experts 10 about the actual health benefits of these food and drinks. Can a sip of a night owl beverage really 11 the side effects of staying up late? Can a bite of bread truly improve the health condition of a person? A professional says, “Without clinical data, it’s hard to determine whether a product making function claims can actually lead to improvements.” Moreover, ingredients need to be carefully 12 to an individual, something which mass-marketed products can never achieve. Su Quanxin from the China Association of Chinese Medicine says, “Yangsheng is not about chasing trends. It’s a scientific way of life and a positive attitude towards life.” Most people believe the trend is 13 tied to widespread anxiety about the negative health effects of high-pressure modern life. According to research, more than half of young people born after 1990 had issues with hair loss and reduced vision, 40 percent 14 overweight and a decline in physical performance, with 30 percent reporting problems with their immune system. Everybody feels they’re not healthy enough. People who are 15 punk yangsheng just want to find “quick fix” solutions to the impact of late nights and hard work. 1．A．participating in B．looking into C．learning from D．getting over 2．A．describe B．distinguish C．design D．deliver 3．A．recall B．maintain C．miss D．celebrate 4．A．make up for B．make out C．make use of D．make sense of 5．A．collapsed B．created C．entered D．dominated 6．A．ensuring B．emerging C．competing D．struggling 7．A．adjust to B．get rid of C．take up D．set aside 8．A．buried B．hidden C．rooted D．lost 9．A．influence B．creativity C．inspiration D．range 10．A．argue B．doubt C．complain D．think 11．A．reduce B．increase C．suffer D．cause 12．A．applied B．tailored C．limited D．added 13．A．indirectly B．occasionally C．closely D．hardly 14．A．embraced B．complained C．stricken D．experienced 15．A．addicted to B．opposed to C．resistant to D．used to 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·上海行知中学·期中) Before arriving in Paris, Wu Shuyun, a 56-year-old Chinese housewife, imagined the French capital to be like film set for a romantic love story, 1 herself as a fashionable princess surrounded by elegant Parisians. Instead, Ms. Wu said she was 2 by the cigarette butts and dog poo on the street, and the 3 of the locals. Though friends had warned her about 4 targeting Chinese people, she said she was nevertheless surprised when a number of her tour group was 5 on a crowded Metro train, as other passengers looked on. “For the Chinese, France has always been romantic, mysterious and 6 ,” Ms. Wu said after a two-week tour. “Once I realized that the Parisians were indifferent, I made a 7 : try to make the most of the trip, but never come back to Paris again.” Psychologists warned that Chinese tourists, shaken by 8 , were at risk of Paris Syndrome, a condition during which foreigners suffer depression and anxiety when their rosy imagination of champagne, magnificent architecture and Monet are 9 . The expression was coined 30 years ago by Paris-based Japanese psychiatrist, Hiroaki Ota, after several Japanese visitors to Paris fell ill when their culture of 10 was met with French arrogance (傲慢). Thomas Deschamps, the head of research at the Paris Tourism Office, said culture shock was particularly 11 among travelers from Asia, who sometimes wrongly regarded the French capital as a museum. “They watch movies like Amelie (《天使爱美丽》). They think all Parisians carry Louis Vuitton purses and smell like Dior,” Thomas said. “They don’t know about the working-class suburbs, the overworked waiters, the more 12 parts of the city. Paris is not a museum. People are 13 . They are stressed and living their lives.” To help protect Chinese tourists, the local tourism industry has redoubled its efforts to be more 14 sensitive. An online guide for hotels and businesses notes that for serving Chinese visitors, “a simple 15 and hello in their language will obviously put them at ease.” 1．A．wanting B．painting C．picturing D．appearing 2．A．frightened B．shocked C．worried D．pleased 3．A．concern B．warmth C．anger D．indifference 4．A．policemen B．thieves C．locals D．drivers 5．A．robbed B．beaten C．threatened D．pushed 6．A．satisfying B．attractive C．damaging D．surprising 7．A．choice B．proposal C．difference D．decision 8．A．unhappiness B．expectation C．hope D．disappointment 9．A．overlooked B．destroyed C．canceled D．established 10．A．tolerance B．acceptance C．consideration D．politeness 11．A．familiar B．unusual C．common D．frequent 12．A．unpleasant B．terrific C．horrible D．uncomfortable 13．A．1ay B．busy C．honest D．simple 14．A．economically B．politically C．culturally D．socially 15．A．smile B．praise C．gesture D．greeting Passage 2 (24-25高二下·上海控江中学·期中) Pickleball was invented in 1965 and became an instant hit with its unique combination of badminton, tennis, and table-tennis. Some consider it a(n) 1 version of tennis－it requires less power and less running. However, there has been a turf war (争夺战) between traditional tennis players and the rapidly growing pickleball community. Some tennis players accuse pickleballers of taking up courts. The source of the 2 is a familiar one to economists: the distribution of a limited resource. Pickleball has gained widespread popularity since the covid-19 pandemic, especially among those over the age of 55. 3 special courts, many pickleballers started using public tennis courts. Basic economics teaches students about substitute and complementary (互补的) goods. Substitutes are goods that can be 4 by one another－think Coca-Cola and Pepsi. Rising demand for one will lead to falling demand for the other. Complements are the 5 . Rising demand for one stimulates demand for the other － think cars and petrol. It is 6 to see why the two sports appear to be substitutes. Public-court space is 7 and private clubs can be expensive. As pickleball has added more than 9 million players since 2020, the number of tennis players has also 8 , but growth in courts has not kept pace. In the long run, however, the impact of pickleball on tennis is not necessarily 9 . There is even an argument that the two sports may end up complementary. First, what is really apparent is a rise in demand for facilities in which both sports can be played, and local authorities have never been keener on the provision of public courts. If 10 keeps up, it will result in suitable spaces for both sports. 11 , the act of playing either sport is probably a complement to the other. Tennis is both hard to learn and athletically challenging. Pickleball is less 12 for children and the elderly to pick up. Consequently, it could easily become an entry point to more 13 sports － one that encourages children to progress to tennis 14 they have a little more muscle. And this process might later work 15 . Lifelong tennis players, who find the sport too demanding as they age, might enjoy switching to pickleball. 1．A．simpler B．popular C．final D．unique 2．A．interaction B．combination C．conflict D．invention 3．A．In the face of B．In the absence of C．In the company of D．In the name of 4．A．advertised B．exchanged C．sold D．replaced 5．A．opposite B．alternative C．equivalent D．relative 6．A．strange B．easy C．interesting D．possible 7．A．free B．available C．limited D．rented 8．A．changed B．increased C．switched D．stabilized 9．A．general B．changeable C．negative D．complementary 10．A．provision B．demand C．argument D．expense 11．A．However B．Therefore C．In addition D．In short 12．A．worthwhile B．argumentative C．recommended D．demanding 13．A．challenging B．professional C．interesting D．beneficial 14．A．in case B．once C．unless D．because 15．A．on the contrary B．in exchange C．in reward D．on the other hand Passage 3 (24-25高二下·上海嘉定一中等四校·期中) In its best days, a visit to the London Trocadero was the highlight of many tourist trips to Britain. Opened in 1896, it was one of the grandest restaurants in the world. After a long decline it 1 in 1965. Yet soon the Trocadero will be on the London tourist-map once again: a 583-room hotel has come back. It is a(n) 2 of the hotel boom currently under way in London. The number of hotel rooms has risen from 129,000 in 2013 to 149,000 today. Last year occupancy rates reached their highest in a decade and average prices were higher than ever. The hotels’ boom is 3 , given the competition from sharing-economy websites and apps that allow people to rent out their spare rooms to travellers. Airbnb, the biggest such service, has 4 hotel revenues (收入) in some American cities by as much as 10%. By comparison, the impact of room-booking apps has been 5 in London. Only 0.5% of Londoners advertise their 6 on Airbnb, compared with 2.4% of Parisians. One reason is that there is a 7 of reasonably priced residential stock near London’s main tourist attractions, which are occupied by offices and mansions. And according to a recent report by Citi, a bank, the growth of Airbnb listings in London and other big European cities is already 8 , meaning that Londoners’ spare rooms are unlikely to be able to handle much more demand. Hotels have also benefited from a change in the 9 of visitors coming to Britain. While the strong pound has persuaded many tourists to go to cheaper destinations, business travellers cannot avoid London so easily. So although tourist spending didn’t witness a(n) 10 in 2015, businessfolk rose by 7% in Britain compared with the previous year. Unlike holidaymakers who are willing to book a room in a stranger’s home on Airbnb to save a few pounds, most businesspeople are travelling on expense accounts and 11 to spend. Meanwhile their employers, with a duty to ensure safety, remain 12 booking spare rooms, which they fear conceal slippery stairs, faulty electrics and other hazards. This 13 hoteliers nicely. But not all of them. Business travellers may not yet be switching to Airbnb, but they are 14 their costs. More than half the new rooms built in London this year will be operated by budget brands. Even the once-luxurious Trocadero cannot 15 that trend. Having made its name a century ago selling nine-course meals to the upper classes, in 2017 it re-opened — but as a budget hotel. 1．A．evolved B．reopened C．boasted D．closed 2．A．advantage B．symbol C．origin D．criticism 3．A．sustainable B．nationwide C．surprising D．short-lived 4．A．forced down B．added up C．come from D．resulted in 5．A．explored B．promoted C．suspected D．limited 6．A．products B．discoveries C．tendencies D．properties 7．A．shortage B．possibility C．threat D．collection 8．A．beginning B．remaining C．slowing D．repeating 9．A．age B．gender C．type D．analysis 10．A．similarity B．increase C．difference D．decrease 11．A．happy B．reluctant C．careful D．sorry 12．A．certain of B．careful about C．expert at D．busy in 13．A．suits B．warns C．defines D．guides 14．A．looking up to B．cutting down on C．making up for D．settling down to 15．A．follow B．confirm C．explain D．escape 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·上海延安中学·期中) The Unseen World of Animal Behavior In the wild, animals exhibit fascinating behaviors that often 1 from season to season. During the breeding season, for instance, some birds perform incredible feats to attract mates, while others focus on 2 their young. Scientists have long tried to 3 these complex patterns, but many aspects remain unclear. One prominent discovery is how certain animals 4 their body temperature in extreme environments. Unlike humans, who rely on technology, these creatures have natural abilities to 5 for the challenges of their habitats. For example, Arctic foxes 6 their fur with thick layers of fat, a clever adaptation that helps them survive. Researchers often conduct experiments to study these behaviors. In one case, a team used a sand pit to observe how wolves interact, with some wolves acting as a control group. The results showed a statistically significant difference in their social structures, proving that animal intelligence 7 beyond simple instincts. Technology has also found its way into this field. High-tech cameras now enable scientists to document animal experiences without human 8 . These tools have become building blocks for new discoveries, allowing us to 9 into the hidden lives of creatures we once knew little about. However, not all animal behaviors are easy to interpret. Some actions happen at random, leaving researchers puzzled. Yet, even these mysteries 10 , as they often lead to groundbreaking insights. 11 , the way dolphins communicate was once dismissed as noise, but it is now regarded as a 12 language system. In zoos, caretakers must nurture the animals’ natural instincts while ensuring their safety. This balance is crucial to maintaining their health. Some zoos have even 13 live streams of their animals, giving the public a chance to follow up their daily lives. These efforts help 14 the gap between humans and the animal kingdom, reminding us that every species has a unique role to play in nature’s grand story — whatever fortune has to 15 it. 1．A．change B．vary C．shift D．intervene 2．A．intruding B．monitoring C．educating D．grooming 3．A．take notice of B．make sense of C．make use of D．lose sight of 4．A．maintain B．regulate C．stabilize D．control 5．A．tailor B．solve C．prepare D．compare 6．A．loosen B．load C．loan D．lock 7．A．extends B．develops C．reaches D．enlarges 8．A．interference B．interruption C．interview D．interaction 9．A．divide B．step C．stretch D．dive 10．A．count B．endure C．prevail D．forecast 11．A．As a result B．For instance C．On the contrary D．After all 12．A．noble B．obvious C．noteworthy D．irrelevant 13．A．held B．informed C．motioned D．restored 14．A．check B．log C．turn D．bridge 15．A．happen to B．throw at C．call at D．send to Passage 2 (24-25高二下·上海西郊学校·期中) Effective monitoring of endangered species is key to their survival. Studying the 1 , range, and habits of wild animals is essential to ensure their habitat remains free from development and illegal hunters. Traditional methods of monitoring wild animals, especially large ones, include radio-tagging (无线电标记) . To do this, individual animals must at first be captured so that collars (颈圈) can be 2 . One organization that 3 this technique was WildTrack. In the late 1990s, the team was using radio-collars to monitor black rhinos (犀牛) in Namibia. However, the team soon realized that the chemicals used to immobilize the rhino to fix the collars harmed female fertility. Not only that but also a large proportion of the radio-collars 4 within the first 6 months and had to be replaced. 5 as animals grew, the collars would tighten, annoying or even hurting them. The method was costly and had the unintended consequence of altering the rhinos’ behavior, making the collected data unreliable. At the same time, the team was working alongside local 6 . Animal tracking is one of the oldest human skills, and these experts have years of experience in identifying individual animals by their footprints. They could effectively create a true picture of individual rhinos’ activities without the use of any invasive (侵入的) techniques. Consequently, the team were interested to know whether the trackers’ knowledge could be effectively translated into a computerized technique for monitoring animal movement. Within each species, each individual has its own unique foot 7 . If an animal is sighted and identified just once, and the characteristics of its footprints are properly photographed and measured, its footprint can be 8 whenever it is sighted again. If that is done repeatedly, conservationists can draw up a database of all, or at least a significant proportion of the individuals within the population. After that, conservationists can use it to identify an animal and its movements by its print. The data gathered can be used for a range of 9 , for example, to monitor biodiversity, WildTrack is currently using footprint identification technology in Greece to study the potential effect of a large highway construction through brown bear habitat. Identifying an animal from its footprint is not without its 10 , however, as each time the individual places its foot on the ground, it leaves a slightly different track, according to the ground type, moisture (湿度) , and movement. To account for these variations, it is necessary to collect multiple tracks from each animal on a range of surfaces. 1．A．flexibility B．diet C．movement D．behavior 2．A．fixed B．updated C．removed D．examined 3．A．opposed B．developed C．promoted D．adopted 4．A．lasted B．failed C．matched D．bent 5．A．Moreover B．However C．Likewise D．Therefore 6．A．programmers B．photographers C．trackers D．officials 7．A．features B．sizes C．colors D．shapes 8．A．copied B．recognized C．erased D．marked 9．A．services B．experiments C．solutions D．purposes 10．A．limitations B．losses C．challenges D．concerns 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·上海闵行区六校联考·期中) Gathering her backpack for school, 14- year old Carolyn Milander burst into tears for the second time that week. “Not again, Carolyn!” her mother said, 1 , “When you get perfect grades, you’re on a high. But when you don’t get enough sleep, you get so tired and depressed! This 2 cycle has got to end!” Carolyn screamed, “I’m fine, just leave me alone!” Carolyn had just started at a new secondary school and was having trouble coping with the increased expectations and pressures to perform. This type of angry interchange is all too 3 for today’s teens and their parents, and it’s no surprise. 4 watching and hoping things would improve, Carolyn’s mother carried out a bit of personal research to find out what sort of help was available. She discovered that there was a special stress-reduction class at Carolyn’s school, known as “Happy Class”, and she 5 that Carolyn should attend it. That was four years ago. Recently, Carolyn told her story to a magazine for young people. “I remember 6 climbing into the car and sitting silently as my mum drove me to my first Happy Class,” Carolyn said. “Then I shyly walked into the classroom and took a seat. With the lights off, the leaders and students sat facing each other in a circle. I felt 7 and embarrassed, hoping no one would see me when they walked by the classroom. We started by closing our eyes, focusing on our breathing.” As Carolyn began to notice her breath, she said, “I 8 thinking about people in the hallway. I felt really relaxed and focused on that moment in time.” This was a feeling she liked and she could tell she would 9 what the classes could offer. Happy Class was a significant turning point for Carolyn. She began to explore deeper life issues, 10 what gave her feelings of happiness and fulfillment. She also learned to 11 herself for who she was, instead of striving to live up to other people’s ideas of success. Many of her friends and family expected her to attend Harvard or another top university, but Carolyn created her own 12 of happiness instead. She stopped 13 , organized her time better so she was able to relax and do things she enjoyed, and tried to eat more healthily. She realized that she could achieve happiness close to home, rather than by going to a top university. 14 , Carolyn decided to become a nurse and to apply to just one college — a 20-minute drive away. “I didn’t want to be 15 by a top university, even if I received a scholarship. I wanted to remain true to the goals I set for myself.” 1．A．supposedly B．worriedly C．excitedly D．repeatedly 2．A．expected B．comfortable C．terrible D．combined 3．A．familiar B．convenient C．essential D．famous 4．A．In spite of B．Regardless of C．In terms of D．Instead of 5．A．insisted B．wondered C．doubted D．showed 6．A．willingly B．angrily C．oddly D．gratefully 7．A．excited B．surprised C．awkward D．confident 8．A．consider B．dislike C．advise D．quit 9．A．listen to B．benefit from C．depend on D．persist in 10．A．denying B．needing C．predicting D．defining 11．A．push B．feel C．accept D．thank 12．A．version B．hope C．study D．wave 13．A．turning up B．living up C．staying up D．taking up 14．A．In fact B．By contrast C．On the whole D．To the end 15．A．refused B．injured C．discovered D．tempted 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·上海闵行区莘庄中学·期中) Could you eat your pet Guinea pig? In recent years, that question has become a classic example in cultural anthropology (人类学) classes that relate to the 1 nature of our attitudes towards food. Think about it. On one side of the great Guinea Pig Divide stand Andean cultures, who have long treated the furry creature as a nutritious source of food. On the other side are European and US cultures, where the animal is 2 considered a beloved pet. While western children would doubtlessly react with 3 to the idea of eating these little creatures, to some cultures in Ecuador and Peru it seems equally strange to cherish them as pets. 4 , how we treat guinea pigs is one of the many small ways in which we define our sense of what exactly is considered “exotic”. As any anthropology class will also teach you, 5 others as “exotic” or “weird”, because of food or anything else, also makes it easier to demonise (妖魔化) them. However, there is another side to this. Culture can often be more 6 than we realise, particularly in a globalised age. Gideon Lasco, an anthropologist from the Philippines, has been studying the issue of how and why Andean cultures cat guinea pigs. His research starts by 7 that this food is a social divider not just between Andean cultures and the West, but also inside of countries such as Peru. Some Andean cultures have eaten guinea pigs, known as cuy, for centuries. But in recent decades, urban Peruvians have 8 , knowing that westerners view the practice in a negative light. More recently, however, notes Lasco, two striking 9 have emerged. First, some western tourists have started to view eating guinea-pig dishes as 10 . While globalisation has already brought dishes from around the world into western supermarkets, chopped guinea pig is not yet 11 in Walmart, hence its value as an “experience”. Second, some educated Peruvian have also become more interested in defining and championing what makes them 12 in a globalized world by creating a new form of cuy cuisine in Lima. “As eating’ local’ becomes more fashionable around the world, wealthier people have been 13 time-honored foods,” Lasco writes. Those furry creatures are no longer just a sign of global 14 but of cultural flexibility. This may not, however, make western kids feel any better about the idea of their pets being cooked. But the issue should help them (and adults) to 15 that our assumptions need not be set in stone, or cages. 1．A．physical B．interactive C．local D．subjective 2．A．generally B．accordingly C．inadequately D．previously 3．A．delight B．relief C．horror D．understanding 4．A．In other words B．What’s more C．Even so D．On the contrary 5．A．striking B．deleting C．helping D．labelling 6．A．difficult B．flexible C．relevant D．restricted 7．A．noting B．doubting C．demanding D．complaining 8．A．appeared B．stopped C．succeeded D．fainted 9．A．contrasts B．designs C．options D．trends 10．A．memorable B．stable C．reliable D．fashionable 11．A．out of stock B．on sale C．in need D．without delay 12．A．similar B．useful C．unique D．definite 13．A．reprocessing B．excluding C．rediscovering D．replacing 14．A．differences B．tendencies C．responsibilities D．competitions 15．A．pretend B．recognise C．imagine D．object Passage 2 (24-25高二下·上海嘉定区中光高级中学·期中) I decided to retire my personal social website account. It all began with a detailed review of my own Instagram account. I worked out that more than 80 per cent of the photos I had posted featured my 1 . In some ways this seemed 2 . If social websites are for a simple game of showing off, these two are clearly my pride. Next, however, I examined my husband’s post for 3 . In real life, he loves the kids no less than I do. Yet between his two social website accounts, they featured in only about 25 per cent of his photos. The 4 was split between a) kitchens he had designed and b) vinyl (黑胶) records he had purchased (the former being his job, the latter his addiction). We divide our time between work and childcare in comparable proportions. Yet the 5 suggested by our online selves was quite different. According to Katrin Tiidenberg, associate professor of social media and visual culture at Tallinn University, who is publishing a forthcoming book called Sex and Social Media, this is because men and women often have different 6 for sharing information on social media. When my husband posted a photo of Bruce Springsteen’s Nebraska on vinyl, his aim was 7 , my conversation with Tiidenberg implied. As the words on his post suggested, he mainly wanted the world to know that the 1982 album is: “so good”. When I posted a photo of our daughter eating fish fingers in fancy dress, sure, I was 8 . She looked amazing. I was hoping that her star quality might reflect, just a little, on me. But according to Tiidenberg: “Women tend to use social media as a tool to maintain their social 9 . They take those into account when they post and when deciding how they post.” A photo of a five-year-old in fancy-dress,   10 , doesn’t just say: “so good”. It can, meanwhile, say: “Hello godmother, who we feel guilty for cancelling on the other day”, “Hello cousins, who are now in Australia and feel a little disconnected...” Tiidenberg is careful to stress that she’s “not making any essentialist argument” about women and men’s 11 for either type of content. Instead, she argues, women have always been trained to take responsibility for cultivating and managing social networks: “They’re told it’s what they’re 12 .” In the distant pre-digital past, women were 13 guardians of the family photo album. And even today, says Tiidenberg, a division of 14 labor endures within many families in our offline worlds: “Who remembers people’s birthdays, sends your mother a card and buys the Christmas presents?” The knowledge that I had also 15 responsibility for the online equivalent made me feel angry. 1．A．children B．work C．addiction D．hobbies 2．A．strange B．unnecessary C．possible D．natural 3．A．information B．development C．consideration D．comparison 4．A．reality B．remainder C．knowledge D．visibility 5．A．direction B．balance C．reason D．manner 6．A．techniques B．requirements C．procedures D．motivations 7．A．true B．correct C．simple D．vague 8．A．showing off B．taking on C．setting out D．looking aside 9．A．positions B．services C．ties D．aims 10．A．at the beginning B．in other words C．on the whole D．by contrast 11．A．preferences B．demands C．support D．search 12．A．unaware of B．afraid of C．present at D．good at 13．A．unusually B．doubtfully C．typically D．contrarily 14．A．emotional B．casual C．domestic D．physical 15．A．denied B．shifted C．assumed D．stressed Passage 3 (24-25高二下·上海华东师范大学第二附属中学·期中) Real Life, Great Stories With any kind of writing, it can be difficult to decide what should go in and what should be left out. However, when you are telling stories from real life — creative 1 — that task becomes even harder because your source material is vast and complicated. Having decided the story you want to tell, it’s all too 2 to drift from the narrative path or to slow the pace by adding too much detail and description, so that you risk losing the reader. 3 , when it comes to redrafting, you may have to be particularly brutal (直截了当的) in killing your darlings. “Killing your darlings” means cutting any 4 material, from words and sentences to complete scenes, and it’s hard because these will often be parts you have put great time, thought and care into crafting. Arthur Quiller-Couch 5 the phrase in his 1916 book On the Art of Writing: If you here require a practical 6 of me, I will present you with this: “Whenever you feel an impulse to perpetrate (作) a piece of exceptionally fine writing, obey your impulse — whole-heartedly — and 7 it before sending your manuscript to press. Murder your darlings.” It helps if you come to redrafting with a 8 mindset, regarding it as an ongoing part of the creative process rather than a red-pen exercise. The other thing that helps is if you always save a copy of your current version before you start polishing it, then nothing is irrevocably (无法改变地) lost, and that frees you to 9 big changes in the creative spirit of play. With any kind of story, there are always 10 issues that need redrafting, because when you set out you don’t know exactly what the story will be. Fresh ideas come in along the way, and unexpected possibilities. As well as tightening the plot, sometimes a(n) 11 will emerge through the writing, so you gradually understand, ‘Ah — so this is what I’m writing about,’ and you will want to foreground that theme and cut parts that don’t 12 its development. When it comes to the 13 , the voice of the story develops and becomes stronger through the writing too, so on redrafting you will be looking at word and sentence level changes, especially in the early chapters. At the redrafting stage, you will have whole scenes that don’t develop the themes or don’t fit with voice of your story. You might be able to 14 them into a new book project or publish them on blogging platforms, but whatever happens to them, they have contributed to your experience and development as a writer. Let 15 go. 1．A．thinking B．sci-fi C．draft D．non-fiction 2．A．easy B．complicated C．appropriate D．late 3．A．For these reasons B．In spite of that C．By contrast D．For example 4．A．beloved B．delicate C．irrelevant D．offensive 5．A．simplified B．coined C．abandoned D．trialed 6．A．phrase B．sample C．lifestyle D．rule 7．A．revise B．conduct C．delete D．expose 8．A．contradictory B．neutral C．rebellious D．positive 9．A．experiment with B．substitute for C．impose on D．conflict with 10．A．unceasing B．structural C．literate D．grammatical 11．A．peak B．theme C．motivation. D．issue 12．A．contribute to B．result from C．dispose of D．slow down 13．A．literary fame B．text structure C．fine detail D．book review 14．A．reverse B．recycle C．ease D．divide 15．A．yourself B．him C．everything D．them 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 (24-25·高二下·复旦大学附属中学·期中) Most people don’t think too much about chemicals around us, but actually they are all around us. Many substances 1 chemicals, including the air that we breathe and the water that we drink. Some chemicals are natural, but most of them are 2 and may be harmful to the human body.   In 2005, Hurricane Katrina struck the United States and destroyed hundreds of thousands of homes, so displaced people had to move into temporary housing. Later, some of them began experiencing headaches and nosebleeds due to formaldehyde (甲醛) 3 .   This strong chemical is commonly found in the glue that holds many household products and presses wood furniture together. It has been classified as a carcinogen (致癌物) since 2011 and has been   4 to an increase in asthma and other diseases in children. It has also been   5 as a poisonous chemical in China.   6 , there is another choice: natural glues. In particular, ones made from soy proteins that have been modified to 7 the protein some shellfish use to stick to rocks. A natural glue is now widely used in composite (合成的) wood products in the U.S. Other companies are also developing more natural 8 to dangerous industrial chemicals. This is a part of the Green Chemistry philosophy.   Green Chemistry is a way of rethinking how to develop products and processes that are more environmentally friendly, better for people’s health and yet are economically 9 . That includes reducing processing waste, using renewable materials and lessening the energy required to manufacture products. The Principles of Green Chemistry 10 the goals of this approach to chemical research and the chemical industry. The first is prevention. It is better to prevent waste than to 11 it or clean it up. Another principle encourages less hazardous chemical mixture. Chemical reactions should be designed to be as safe as possible. Energy 12 is encouraged as well as using chemicals made from renewable plant-based sources rather than petrochemical ones. Attention also needs to be paid to monitoring pollution in real time and choosing and developing chemical procedures that are safer and that 13 the risk of accidents.   There are 14 in meeting and holding to the principles of Green Chemistry, but this will stimulate new research and inspire the discovery of new chemistry. Green Chemistry can decrease pollution and increase the 15 development of the earth, thus improving the quality of life for humans and animals for years to come. 1．A．make up for B．serve as C．match with D．consist of 2．A．artificial B．changeable C．distinct D．everlasting 3．A．consumption B．exposure C．infection D．pressure 4．A．applied B．linked C．committed D．subjected 5．A．eliminated B．criticized C．regulated D．measured 6．A．Besides B．Therefore C．However D．Meanwhile 7．A．assemble B．signify C．produce D．resemble 8．A．representatives B．alternatives C．portions D．methods 9．A．profitable B．traceable C．feasible D．available 10．A．lay out B．appeal to C．depend on D．go over 11．A．collect B．select C．treat D．suspect 12．A．security B．efficiency C．objectivity D．variety 13．A．highlight B．identity C．evaluate D．minimize 14．A．advantages B．requirements C．oppositions D．challenges 15．A．accessible B．invisible C．sustainable D．agreeable Passage 2 (24-25高二下·上海浦东新区·期中) The Hidden Costs of Overconsumption It’s that time of year again: when people line up at stores to get the best deals on everything imaginable, and retailers (零售商) pull out all the stops to get us to buy more and more. Often, this shopping is 1 : gifts for loved ones, festive decorations, and discounted essentials. However, this continuous urge to shop during the holiday season is costing us more than just our 2 . Overconsumption refers to excessively purchasing and using goods or resources beyond what is 3 to live comfortably. It’s a problem common to developed nations. For instance, between Thanksgiving and New Year’s Day, Americans produce 25% more waste than usual, sending a(n) 4 one million tons per week to landfills. If everyone were to 5 as much as Americans do, we would need the resources from over 5 Earths to sustain that rate of consumption. And according to the statistical chart below, there is a(n) 6 relationship between income level and carbon emissions. It takes a lot of resources and money to 7 the global rate of consumption. Nearly half of all US greenhouse gas emissions are associated with the energy used to 8 , process, transport, and dispose of our goods and food. On a global scale, we are 9 the planet’s resources 1.7 times faster than it can regenerate. If everyone began emitting as much carbon dioxide as the world’s wealthiest 1%, the remaining carbon 10 would be gone in fewer than five months. So, what are the 11 costs of overconsumption? Pollution, resource reduction, greenhouse gas emissions, rising prices, and so much more. 12 , with all this being said, nobody expects everyone to just stop shopping entirely during the holiday season. My 13 is that you think about your individual impact before you shop, now more than ever. By making adjustments to our individual shopping behavior, we can 14 reduce our environmental impact. Locally-owned shops tend to have lower carbon footprints than larger corporations. They also allow you to support the local economy while strengthening community resilience. If you have the 15 , make a meaningful impact this holiday season by choosing to shop small and support local organizations. Happy Holidays! 1．A．easily-prepared B．largely-unnecessary C．highly-thoughtless D．well-intentioned 2．A．emotion B．money C．devotion D．fate 3．A．sufficient B．optional C．necessary D．preferable 4．A．extraordinary B．passive C．controversial D．additional 5．A．consume B．waste C．pollute D．regulate 6．A．indirect B．mysterious C．positive D．encouraging 7．A．give rise to B．keep up with C．cut down on D．run out of 8．A．purchase B．produce C．eliminate D．store 9．A．exploiting B．distributing C．loosening D．absorbing 10．A．dioxide B．budget C．footprint D．emission 11．A．subtle B．environmental C．economic D．hidden 12．A．However B．What’s more C．Similarly D．For example 13．A．proposal B．assumption C．question D．property 14．A．collectively B．rarely C．humbly D．occasionally 15．A．status B．version C．maturity D．opportunity Passage 3 (24-25高二下·上海交通大学附属中学·期中) Burning oil, gas, and coal — literal fossil fuels, made from the compressed remains of ancient plants and plankton — has released carbon into Earth’s atmosphere, where it traps heat and alters the climate. That 1 has caused massive destruction and loss of life, and it will continue to do so. As a result, carbon came to be seen as something to “fight,” and “capture.” Nevertheless, Paul Hawken, the author of the new book Carbon: The Book of Life, argues that such carbon-reduction movement is thinking about its work, and messaging, all 2 . “Those who call carbon a pollutant might want to lay down their word processor,” Hawken writes. Carbon, he notes, is after all the building block of life, the animating force behind trees, rhinos, eyelashes, hormones, bamboo, and so much more. Without it, Earth would just be a lonely, dead rock. So much for decarbonizing. Hawken has come to believe that treating carbon as something to tackle and reduce not only reflects the same mindset that caused unnecessary climate anxiety in the first place, but also further 3 people from the living world. There is no “climate crisis,” he argues, but a crisis of human thinking and behavior that’s degrading the soil, 4 entire species, and changing the weather faster than people can adapt. “From a planetary view,” he writes in Carbon, “the warming atmosphere is a response, an adjustment, a teaching.” The book records a 5 in his thinking. In 2017, Hawken published Drawdown: The Most Comprehensive Plan Ever Proposed to Reverse Global Warming, a book that ranked 100 climate solutions by how much they could reduce carbon emissions, from refrigerant leaks to food waste. The nonprofit Project Drawdown, which he launched, continues to 6 these kinds of fixes around the world. But now, Hawken is forgoing straightforward metrics to focus on what he sees as a deeper cultural problem. “The living world is a complex interactive system and doesn’t lend itself to 7 solutions,” he said, “we need to conduct more in-depth analysis”. The new book frames carbon as a flow — a 8 that moves through the atmosphere, oceans, soil, with the element 9 by growing plants during daytime and exhaled back out through every animal breath. Hawken’s book is a lesson in what’s sometimes called “unlearning,” or letting go of old assumptions, like the idea that nature is something to fix or 10 . The book explores ways to repair a broken relationship with the natural world, drawing inspiration from indigenous cultures and new scientific discoveries. Hawken 11 at how much remains unknown about carbon, which he calls with awe “the most mysterious element of all.” The book’s poetic language offers a stark contrast to the warlike terms climate advocates tend to use to describe carbon. Hawken argues that the typical metaphors of those advocates are not only 12 — how exactly do you battle an element? — but also provide fuel for unfair narratives of carbon. Last week, E&E News reported that the administration is planning a federal report making the case that a warming world would be a good thing, a pretext for 13 climate regulations. “Carbon dioxide is not an evil gas,” David Legates, a former Trump official, said in a recent video put out by the Heartland Institute, a conservative think tank. “ 14 , it’s a gas beneficial to life on Earth. It’ll increase temperatures slightly, and warmer temperatures are certainly better than colder temperatures.” Hawken wants a broad shift in how people talk about the natural world, though, not just a rethinking of the climate movement’s metaphors. He points out that the terms used in scientific reports and global climate conferences creates a sense of detachment that 15 the living things it refers to. Hawken describes the word “biodiversity” as just “a bloodless term”. While Hawken’s radical opinions have gained some followers, they have sparkled greater criticism and doubt in the whole society. 1．A．progress B．domain C．liberation D．process 2．A．groundless B．valid C．precise D．distinctive 3．A．assimilate B．distance C．bond D．release 4．A．living off B．accounting for C．contributing to D．wiping out 5．A．shift B．dimension C．sophistication D．integrity 6．A．generate B．implement C．motion D．flutter 7．A．inevitable B．simple C．navigable D．intricate 8．A．motive B．friction C．ritual D．cycle 9．A．released B．absorbed C．transformed D．formatted 10．A．control B．admire C．facilitate D．quantify 11．A．targets B．revolves C．marvels D．rebels 12．A．inaccurate B．exact C．insightful D．virtuous 13．A．intensifying B．reinforcing C．formulating D．weakening 14．A．Subsequently B．Furthermore C．Consequently D．Rather 15．A．dulls B．invigorates C．enlightens D．restrains 试卷第20页，共20页 试卷第19页，共20页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 完形填空（期中真题汇编，上海专用） 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·上海青浦高级中学·期中) For some time, Chinese dietary therapy has continued to heat up. “Punk yangsheng” — young Chinese people compensating for unhealthy habits by half-heartedly 1 the yangsheng, or body-healing, habits of older generations — is trendy and the term is used to 2 the desire to pursue both a healthy lifestyle and instant pleasure. Middle-aged people may count on goji berry (枸杞) tea to 3 their youth, while their offsprings (后代) are purchasing bottled drinks containing goji berries to 4 lack of sleep. New-style tea brands have 5 the market with night owl beverages and a variety of yangsheng drinks. And from bread, mooncakes, to desserts, all kinds of Chinese medical food are 6 one after another. Many people use them to 7 busy lifestyles characterized by extended workdays, late evenings spent in front of screens, and regular consumption of spicy and fatty foods. These are just part of a global wellness boom, but the traditional concept of yangsheng has given the trend a unique cultural twist in China. The concept of yangsheng is, in fact, thousands of years old. This buzzword is 8 in Chinese philosophy. Originating from Taoism and traditional Chinese medicine beliefs, the vast 9 of yangsheng includes habits like eating a healthy diet, exercising, meditating and so on. However, experts 10 about the actual health benefits of these food and drinks. Can a sip of a night owl beverage really 11 the side effects of staying up late? Can a bite of bread truly improve the health condition of a person? A professional says, “Without clinical data, it’s hard to determine whether a product making function claims can actually lead to improvements.” Moreover, ingredients need to be carefully 12 to an individual, something which mass-marketed products can never achieve. Su Quanxin from the China Association of Chinese Medicine says, “Yangsheng is not about chasing trends. It’s a scientific way of life and a positive attitude towards life.” Most people believe the trend is 13 tied to widespread anxiety about the negative health effects of high-pressure modern life. According to research, more than half of young people born after 1990 had issues with hair loss and reduced vision, 40 percent 14 overweight and a decline in physical performance, with 30 percent reporting problems with their immune system. Everybody feels they’re not healthy enough. People who are 15 punk yangsheng just want to find “quick fix” solutions to the impact of late nights and hard work. 1．A．participating in B．looking into C．learning from D．getting over 2．A．describe B．distinguish C．design D．deliver 3．A．recall B．maintain C．miss D．celebrate 4．A．make up for B．make out C．make use of D．make sense of 5．A．collapsed B．created C．entered D．dominated 6．A．ensuring B．emerging C．competing D．struggling 7．A．adjust to B．get rid of C．take up D．set aside 8．A．buried B．hidden C．rooted D．lost 9．A．influence B．creativity C．inspiration D．range 10．A．argue B．doubt C．complain D．think 11．A．reduce B．increase C．suffer D．cause 12．A．applied B．tailored C．limited D．added 13．A．indirectly B．occasionally C．closely D．hardly 14．A．embraced B．complained C．stricken D．experienced 15．A．addicted to B．opposed to C．resistant to D．used to 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．B 11．A 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了随着中医食疗的持续升温，朋克养生成为一种时尚。指中国年轻人半心半意地学习老一代养生或身体康复的习惯来弥补不健康的习惯的做法。 1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：“朋克养生”——中国年轻人半心半意地学习老一代养生或身体康复的习惯来弥补不健康的习惯——是一种时尚，这个词用来描述追求健康生活方式和即时快乐的愿望。A. participating in参与；B. looking into往里看；调查；C. learning from向……学习；D. getting over克服，战胜。此处在解释“朋克养生”这一概念。根据空前主语“young Chinese people ”“ half-heartedly”及后面宾语“habits of older generations”可知，这里指年轻人不认真地学习老一辈养生的生活方式。故选C项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“朋克养生”——中国年轻人半心半意地学习老一代养生或身体康复的习惯来弥补不健康的习惯——是一种时尚，这个词用来描述追求健康生活方式和即时快乐的愿望。A. describe描述；B. distinguish区分；C. design设计；D. deliver派送；接生；发表（演讲）。根据主语“the term”可知，术语是用来描述现象或事物的。故选A项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：中年人可能会依靠枸杞茶来保持青春，而他们的后代则会购买含有枸杞的瓶装饮料来弥补睡眠不足。A. recall回忆；B. maintain保持；维护；C. miss错过；想念；D. celebrate庆祝。根据前面“Middle-aged people may count on goji berry”及后面宾语“youth”可知，中年人食用枸杞这样的有食疗作用的食物是想减缓衰老，保持年轻状态。故选B项。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：中年人可能会依靠枸杞茶来保持青春，而他们的后代则会购买含有枸杞的瓶装饮料来弥补睡眠不足。A. make up for弥补；B. make out 听清；弄清楚；C. make use of利用；D. make sense of理解。根据后面宾语“lack of sleep”可知，缺乏睡眠是不健康的生活方式，使用健康食物来弥补，弥补和缺乏相呼应。故选A项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：新型茶品牌以熬夜型饮料和各种养生饮料主导了市场。A. collapsed坍塌；崩溃；B. created创作，创造；产生；C. entered进入；D. dominated占主导地位。根据后面状语“with night owl beverages and a variety of yangsheng drinks.”可知，诸多的针对熬夜的饮料及多种的养生的饮品应该是占据了很大市场，在市场上占据主导地位。故选D项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从面包、月饼到甜品，各种中医食品层出不穷。A. ensuring确保；B. emerging出现；C. competing竞争；D. struggling艰难挣扎；奋斗，拼搏。根据后面“one after another”可知，上文指很多养生饮品占据市场，这里是指很多有食疗功能的食品也先后出现。故选B项。 7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：许多人用它们来适应繁忙的生活方式，这些生活方式包括长时间的工作，在屏幕前度过的深夜，以及经常食用辛辣和高脂肪的食物。A. adjust to适应；B. get rid of消除，摆脱；C. take up从事；占据；D. set aside预留出；搁置。根据后面“busy lifestyles”可知，这里指使用养生饮品和食品帮助适应繁忙的生活方式，缓解压力。故选A项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个流行语源于中国哲学。A. buried埋葬；掩藏；B. hidden掩藏；C. rooted扎根；D. lost失去。根据上文“The concept of yangsheng is, in fact, thousands of years old.”及下文“Originating from Taoism and traditional Chinese medicine beliefs,…”可知，起源于几千年前的中国传统信仰，说明养生概念在中国由来已久，动词短语be rooted in意为“植根于，根源在于”符合语境。故选C项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：阳生起源于道教和传统中医信仰，范围广泛，包括健康饮食、锻炼、冥想等习惯。A. influence影响；B. creativity创造力；C. inspiration激励；灵感，启发；D. range范围。根据后面“includes habits like eating a healthy diet, exercising, meditating and so on.”可知，在列举养生方式，the range of指“一系列的”符合语境。故选D项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，专家们对这些食物和饮料的实际健康益处表示怀疑。A. argue争论；主张；B. doubt怀疑；C. complain抱怨；投诉；D. think思考；认为。根据空前的“However,”可知，上文提到了很多养生功能的饮料和食品，此处的转折表明专家们对这些东西的功效持怀疑态度。故选B项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：喝一口夜猫子饮料真的能减少熬夜的副作用吗？A. reduce降低；减少；B. increase增长；增加；C. suffer遭受，受苦；D. cause引发。根据上文“their offsprings (后代) are purchasing bottled drinks containing goji berries to make up for lack of sleep.”及“New-style tea brands have dominated the market with night owl beverages and a variety of yangsheng drinks.”可知，上文提到了市场上的很多养生饮料可以弥补熬夜带来的危害，此处举例表示专家的怀疑，应该是在怀疑这样功能饮料是否能减少熬夜的副作用。故选A项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，配料需要为个人量身定制，这是大众营销产品永远无法做到的。A. applied申请；应用；B. tailored量身定制；C. limited限制；D. added添加。根据下文“to an individual, something which mass-marketed products can never achieve”可知，此处指食疗的配料应该是针对个人定制的，tailored与mass-marketed反义呼应，符合语境。故选B项。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：大多数人认为，这一趋势与人们普遍担心高压现代生活对健康的负面影响密切相关。A. indirectly间接地；B. occasionally偶然地；C. closely紧密地；D. hardly几乎不。根据下文“widespread anxiety about the negative health effects of high-pressure modern life”可知，短语be closely tied to意为“与……有紧密联系”符合语境，解释年轻人追求一些功能饮料和养生食品这样的趋势和现在高压的生活方式之间的关系密切。故选C项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据研究，1990年后出生的年轻人中，超过一半的人有脱发和视力下降的问题，40%的人超重，体力下降，30%的人报告免疫系统有问题。A. embraced拥抱；欣然接受；B. complained抱怨；投诉；C. stricken打击；打动；D. experienced经历；体验。根据下文“overweight and a decline in physical performance”可知，超重和体力下降是人体所经历的。故选D项。 15．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：沉迷于朋克养生的人，只是想找到“速效”解决熬夜和努力工作带来的影响。A. addicted to沉迷于；B. opposed to反对……的；C. resistant to抗拒……的；D. used to习惯……的。根据上文“Everybody feels they’re not healthy enough.”及下文“just want to find “quick fix” solutions to the impact of late nights and hard work.”可知，认为自己不健康，想要找到快速解决熬夜和工作劳累问题方法的人应该是沉迷于养生食品的人。故选A项。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·上海行知中学·期中) Before arriving in Paris, Wu Shuyun, a 56-year-old Chinese housewife, imagined the French capital to be like film set for a romantic love story, 1 herself as a fashionable princess surrounded by elegant Parisians. Instead, Ms. Wu said she was 2 by the cigarette butts and dog poo on the street, and the 3 of the locals. Though friends had warned her about 4 targeting Chinese people, she said she was nevertheless surprised when a number of her tour group was 5 on a crowded Metro train, as other passengers looked on. “For the Chinese, France has always been romantic, mysterious and 6 ,” Ms. Wu said after a two-week tour. “Once I realized that the Parisians were indifferent, I made a 7 : try to make the most of the trip, but never come back to Paris again.” Psychologists warned that Chinese tourists, shaken by 8 , were at risk of Paris Syndrome, a condition during which foreigners suffer depression and anxiety when their rosy imagination of champagne, magnificent architecture and Monet are 9 . The expression was coined 30 years ago by Paris-based Japanese psychiatrist, Hiroaki Ota, after several Japanese visitors to Paris fell ill when their culture of 10 was met with French arrogance (傲慢). Thomas Deschamps, the head of research at the Paris Tourism Office, said culture shock was particularly 11 among travelers from Asia, who sometimes wrongly regarded the French capital as a museum. “They watch movies like Amelie (《天使爱美丽》). They think all Parisians carry Louis Vuitton purses and smell like Dior,” Thomas said. “They don’t know about the working-class suburbs, the overworked waiters, the more 12 parts of the city. Paris is not a museum. People are 13 . They are stressed and living their lives.” To help protect Chinese tourists, the local tourism industry has redoubled its efforts to be more 14 sensitive. An online guide for hotels and businesses notes that for serving Chinese visitors, “a simple 15 and hello in their language will obviously put them at ease.” 1．A．wanting B．painting C．picturing D．appearing 2．A．frightened B．shocked C．worried D．pleased 3．A．concern B．warmth C．anger D．indifference 4．A．policemen B．thieves C．locals D．drivers 5．A．robbed B．beaten C．threatened D．pushed 6．A．satisfying B．attractive C．damaging D．surprising 7．A．choice B．proposal C．difference D．decision 8．A．unhappiness B．expectation C．hope D．disappointment 9．A．overlooked B．destroyed C．canceled D．established 10．A．tolerance B．acceptance C．consideration D．politeness 11．A．familiar B．unusual C．common D．frequent 12．A．unpleasant B．terrific C．horrible D．uncomfortable 13．A．1ay B．busy C．honest D．simple 14．A．economically B．politically C．culturally D．socially 15．A．smile B．praise C．gesture D．greeting 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．D 9．B 10．D 11．C 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了中国游客吴淑云在巴黎的经历，以及她对巴黎的浪漫幻想与现实之间的巨大落差。文章还探讨了巴黎旅游业如何通过文化敏感性来帮助中国游客更好地适应。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在抵达巴黎之前，56岁的中国家庭主妇吴淑云想象着法国首都就像浪漫爱情故事的电影场景，她把自己想象成一个被优雅的巴黎人包围的时尚公主。A. wanting想要；B. painting描绘；C. picturing想象；D. appearing出现。根据下文“as a fashionable princess surrounded by elegant Parisians”可知，吴女士在来法国之前，对法国抱有很多美好的想象。故选C项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，吴女士说，她对街上的烟头、狗屎以及当地人的冷漠感到震惊。A. frightened害怕的；B. shocked震惊的；C. worried担心的；D. pleased高兴的。根据下文“cigarette butts and dog poo on the street”可知，怀揣美好想象的吴女士看到满街的烟头和狗屎，她肯定会感到震惊。故选B项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：吴淑云说，她对街上的烟头、狗屎和当地人的冷漠感到震惊。A. concern关心；B. warmth热情；C. anger愤怒；D. indifference冷漠。根据下文“as other passengers looked on”可知，面对危险情况，当地人只是旁观，这里表示当地人的冷漠。故选D项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管朋友们曾警告她有针对中国人的小偷，但她还是对一群游客在拥挤的地铁上被抢劫感到惊讶，其他乘客只是旁观。A. policemen警察；B. thieves小偷；C. locals当地人；D. drivers司机。根据上文“had warned her”可知，这里表示有小偷，只有遇到小偷才需要发出警告，其余选项不符合语境。故选B项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管朋友们曾警告她有针对中国人的小偷，但她还是对一群游客在拥挤的地铁上被抢劫感到惊讶，其他乘客只是旁观。A. robbed抢劫；B. beaten打败；C. threatened威胁；D. pushed推。根据上文“thieves targeting Chinese people”可知，有专门针对中国人的小偷，小偷能做的动作就是抢劫。故选A项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：吴淑云在两周的旅行后说：“对中国人来说，法国一直是浪漫、神秘和吸引人的。”A. satisfying令人满意的；B. attractive吸引人的；C. damaging有害的；D. surprising令人惊讶的。根据上文“romantic, mysterious”可知，这里表示吸引人的，其余选项不符合语境。故选B项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一旦意识到巴黎人冷漠，她就做出了一个决定：尽量享受这次旅行，但再也不回巴黎了。A. choice选择；B. proposal提议；C. difference不同；D. decision决定。根据下文“never come back to Paris again”可知，吴女士再也不想回巴黎了，这里表示她做出了一个决定。故选D项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家警告说，被失望情绪困扰的中国游客有患巴黎综合症的风险，这是一种外国人在他们对香槟、宏伟建筑和莫奈的浪漫幻想破灭时会感到抑郁和焦虑的状况。A. unhappiness不快乐；B. expectation期望；C. hope希望；D. disappointment失望。根据上文“shaken by”可知，中国游客往往被震惊，因为他们的幻想被打破了，因此会感到失望。故选D项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：心理学家警告说，被失望情绪困扰的中国游客有患巴黎综合症的风险，这是一种外国人在他们对香槟、宏伟建筑和莫奈的浪漫幻想破灭时会感到抑郁和焦虑的状况。A. overlooked忽视；B. destroyed破坏；C. canceled取消；D. established建立。根据上文“suffer depression and anxiety”可知，这里表示他们对法国的各种幻想被破坏了。故选B项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种表达是由巴黎的日本精神病学家Hiroaki Ota 30年前创造的，当时一些日本游客在巴黎生病，因为他们的礼貌文化遇到了法国人的傲慢。A. tolerance容忍；B. acceptance接受；C. consideration考虑；D. politeness礼貌。根据下文“met with French arrogance”可知，和法国人的傲慢相对应的，应该是日本人的礼貌文化。故选D项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：巴黎旅游局研究负责人Thomas Deschamps表示，文化冲击在亚洲旅行者中尤为常见，他们有时错误地将法国首都视为博物馆。A. familiar熟悉的；B. unusual不寻常的；C. common常见的；D. frequent频繁的。根据下文“among travelers from Asia”可知，这里表示文化冲击在亚洲旅行者中较为常见。故选C项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们不了解工人阶级郊区、过度劳累的侍者和城市中更不愉快的部分。A. unpleasant不愉快的；B. terrific极好的；C. horrible可怕的；D. uncomfortable不舒服的。根据上文“the working-class suburbs, the overworked waiters”可知，工薪阶层和负载过重的服务员都代表了城市中不愉快的部分。故选A项。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们很忙。他们有压力，过着自己的生活。A. lazy懒惰的；B. busy忙碌的；C. honest诚实的；D. simple简单的。根据下文“They are stressed and living their lives”可知，人们的生活压力很大，说明这里表示人们很忙。故选B项。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：为了保护中国游客，当地旅游业加倍努力，更加注重文化敏感性。A. economically经济上；B. politically政治上；C. culturally文化上；D. socially社会上。根据下文“a simple smile and hello in their language”可知，法国为了迎合中国游客也做出了一些改变，这里表示注重文化敏感性，从而更加符合中国人的文化。故选C项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一份针对酒店和企业的在线指南指出，为了服务中国游客，“一个简单的微笑和用他们的语言打招呼显然会让他们放松。”A. smile微笑；B. praise表扬；C. gesture手势；D. greeting问候。根据下文“and hello in their language”可知，和人打招呼需要面带微笑。故选A项。 Passage 2 (24-25高二下·上海控江中学·期中) Pickleball was invented in 1965 and became an instant hit with its unique combination of badminton, tennis, and table-tennis. Some consider it a(n) 1 version of tennis－it requires less power and less running. However, there has been a turf war (争夺战) between traditional tennis players and the rapidly growing pickleball community. Some tennis players accuse pickleballers of taking up courts. The source of the 2 is a familiar one to economists: the distribution of a limited resource. Pickleball has gained widespread popularity since the covid-19 pandemic, especially among those over the age of 55. 3 special courts, many pickleballers started using public tennis courts. Basic economics teaches students about substitute and complementary (互补的) goods. Substitutes are goods that can be 4 by one another－think Coca-Cola and Pepsi. Rising demand for one will lead to falling demand for the other. Complements are the 5 . Rising demand for one stimulates demand for the other － think cars and petrol. It is 6 to see why the two sports appear to be substitutes. Public-court space is 7 and private clubs can be expensive. As pickleball has added more than 9 million players since 2020, the number of tennis players has also 8 , but growth in courts has not kept pace. In the long run, however, the impact of pickleball on tennis is not necessarily 9 . There is even an argument that the two sports may end up complementary. First, what is really apparent is a rise in demand for facilities in which both sports can be played, and local authorities have never been keener on the provision of public courts. If 10 keeps up, it will result in suitable spaces for both sports. 11 , the act of playing either sport is probably a complement to the other. Tennis is both hard to learn and athletically challenging. Pickleball is less 12 for children and the elderly to pick up. Consequently, it could easily become an entry point to more 13 sports － one that encourages children to progress to tennis 14 they have a little more muscle. And this process might later work 15 . Lifelong tennis players, who find the sport too demanding as they age, might enjoy switching to pickleball. 1．A．simpler B．popular C．final D．unique 2．A．interaction B．combination C．conflict D．invention 3．A．In the face of B．In the absence of C．In the company of D．In the name of 4．A．advertised B．exchanged C．sold D．replaced 5．A．opposite B．alternative C．equivalent D．relative 6．A．strange B．easy C．interesting D．possible 7．A．free B．available C．limited D．rented 8．A．changed B．increased C．switched D．stabilized 9．A．general B．changeable C．negative D．complementary 10．A．provision B．demand C．argument D．expense 11．A．However B．Therefore C．In addition D．In short 12．A．worthwhile B．argumentative C．recommended D．demanding 13．A．challenging B．professional C．interesting D．beneficial 14．A．in case B．once C．unless D．because 15．A．on the contrary B．in exchange C．in reward D．on the other hand 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．A 11．C 12．D 13．A 14．B 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了匹克球对网球运动的影响及两者间的潜在互补关系。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有些人认为它是网球的简化版——它需要的力量和跑动更少。A. simpler更简单的；B. popular受欢迎的；C. final最终的；D. unique独特的。根据后文“it requires less power and less running”可知，匹克球相对网球来说更简单，不需要太多力量和跑动，所以是网球的简化版。故选A。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这场冲突的根源是经济学家们熟悉的一个问题：有限资源的分配。A. interaction互动；B. combination结合；C. conflict冲突；D. invention发明。根据前文“However, there has been a turf war (争夺战) between traditional tennis players and the rapidly growing pickleball community. Some tennis players accuse pickleballers of taking up courts.”可知，网球玩家和匹克球玩家之间存在冲突，这里说的是冲突的根源。故选C。 3．考查介词短语辨析。句意：在没有专门场地的情况下，许多匹克球运动员开始使用公共网球场。A. In the face of面对；B. In the absence of缺乏；C. In the company of陪伴；D. In the name of以……的名义。根据后文“many pickleballers started using public tennis courts”可知，匹克球运动员会去使用公共网球场，可以推断出缺乏专门的匹克球场。故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：替代品是指可以相互替代的商品——想想可口可乐和百事可乐。A. advertised广告；B. exchanged交换；C. sold出售；D. replaced替代。根据后文“think Coca-Cola and Pepsi. Rising demand for one will lead to falling demand for the other”可知，一种商品需求上升会导致另一种商品需求下降，说明两者是替代品，可以相互替代。故选D。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：互补品则相反。A. opposite相反；B. alternative选择；C. equivalent等价物；D. relative亲戚。根据前文“think Coca-Cola and Pepsi. Rising demand for one will lead to falling demand for the other”和后文“Rising demand for one stimulates demand for the other”可知，一种商品需求上升会刺激另一种商品需求上升，这与替代品相反。故选A。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很容易理解为什么这两项运动似乎是替代品。A. strange奇怪的；B. easy容易的；C. interesting有趣的；D. possible可能的。根据后文“to see why the two sports appear to be substitutes. Public-court space is ____ and private clubs can be expensive. As pickleball has added more than 9 million players since 2020, the number of tennis players has also ____ , but growth in courts has not kept pace.”可知，公共球场空间有限且私人俱乐部费用昂贵，自2020年以来，匹克球增加了900多万名球员，网球运动员的数量也有所增加，但球场的增长速度却没有跟上，所以很容易理解为什么匹克球和网球似乎是替代品。故选B。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：公共球场空间有限，私人俱乐部可能很昂贵。A. free免费的；B. available可获得的；C. limited有限的；D. rented租用的。根据前文“the distribution of a limited resource”和“Public-court space is”可知，前文提到有限资源的分配问题，可知公共球场空间是有限的。故选C。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自2020年以来，匹克球增加了900多万名球员，网球运动员的数量也有所增加，但球场的增长速度却没有跟上。A. changed改变；B. increased增加；C. switched转换；D. stabilized稳定。根据前文“As pickleball has added more than 9 million players since 2020, the number of tennis players has also”可知，匹克球增加了900多万名球员，网球运动员的数量也有所增加。故选B。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，从长远来看，匹克球对网球的影响不一定是消极的。A. general一般的；B. changeable可变的；C. negative消极的；D. complementary互补的。根据后文“There is even an argument that the two sports may end up complementary.”可知，有人认为这两项运动最终可能是互补的，所以匹克球对网球的影响不一定是消极的。故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果供应跟上，这将为两项运动提供合适的空间。A. provision提供，供应；B. demand需求；C. argument争论；D. expense费用。根据前文“local authorities have never been keener on the provision of public courts”和后文“keeps up, it will result in suitable spaces for both sports”可知，地方当局对提供公共球场很热心，这里说的是如果球场的供应能跟上需求，就会有适合两项运动的空间。故选A。 11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，进行这两项运动中的任何一项可能都是对另一项的补充。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. In addition此外；D. In short简而言之。根据后文“the act of playing either sport is probably a complement to the other”可知，此处是在进一步说明匹克球和网球之间的关系，即进行这两项运动中的任何一项可能都是对另一项的补充，所以用In addition表示“此外”。故选C。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：匹克球对儿童和老年人来说不那么苛刻。A. worthwhile值得的；B. argumentative好争论的；C. recommended推荐的；D. demanding要求高的，要求苛刻的。根据前文“Tennis is both hard to learn and athletically challenging. Pickleball is less”可知，网球既难学又对运动能力有挑战，而匹克球则相对容易上手，对儿童和老年人来说要求不那么高。故选D。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，它很容易成为更具挑战性运动的入门点——鼓励孩子们在肌肉更发达一些后转向网球。A. challenging有挑战性的；B. professional专业的；C. interesting有趣的；D. beneficial有益的。根据前文“Tennis is both hard to learn and athletically challenging. Pickleball is less ____ for children and the elderly to pick up.”和后文“one that encourages children to progress to tennis”可知，网球有挑战性，而匹克球相对容易，所以说匹克球可以成为进入更具挑战性运动的切入点。故选A。 14．考查连词词义辨析。句意：因此，它很容易成为更具挑战性运动的入门点——鼓励孩子们在肌肉更发达一些后转向网球。A. in case万一；B. once一旦；C. unless除非；D. because因为。根据前文“encourages children to progress to tennis”和后文“they have a little more muscle”可知，这里表示一旦孩子身体条件允许，就可以从匹克球转向网球。故选B。 15．考查介词短语辨析。句意：这个过程以后可能会反过来。A. on the contrary相反；B. in exchange作为交换；C. in reward作为报答；D. on the other hand另一方面。根据后文“Lifelong tennis players, who find the sport too demanding as they age, might enjoy switching to pickleball.”可知，终身打网球的运动员在年老时可能会觉得这项运动要求太高，转而喜欢打匹克球，这与前文孩子们从匹克球转向网球的过程相反。故选A。 Passage 3 (24-25高二下·上海嘉定一中等四校·期中) In its best days, a visit to the London Trocadero was the highlight of many tourist trips to Britain. Opened in 1896, it was one of the grandest restaurants in the world. After a long decline it 1 in 1965. Yet soon the Trocadero will be on the London tourist-map once again: a 583-room hotel has come back. It is a(n) 2 of the hotel boom currently under way in London. The number of hotel rooms has risen from 129,000 in 2013 to 149,000 today. Last year occupancy rates reached their highest in a decade and average prices were higher than ever. The hotels’ boom is 3 , given the competition from sharing-economy websites and apps that allow people to rent out their spare rooms to travellers. Airbnb, the biggest such service, has 4 hotel revenues (收入) in some American cities by as much as 10%. By comparison, the impact of room-booking apps has been 5 in London. Only 0.5% of Londoners advertise their 6 on Airbnb, compared with 2.4% of Parisians. One reason is that there is a 7 of reasonably priced residential stock near London’s main tourist attractions, which are occupied by offices and mansions. And according to a recent report by Citi, a bank, the growth of Airbnb listings in London and other big European cities is already 8 , meaning that Londoners’ spare rooms are unlikely to be able to handle much more demand. Hotels have also benefited from a change in the 9 of visitors coming to Britain. While the strong pound has persuaded many tourists to go to cheaper destinations, business travellers cannot avoid London so easily. So although tourist spending didn’t witness a(n) 10 in 2015, businessfolk rose by 7% in Britain compared with the previous year. Unlike holidaymakers who are willing to book a room in a stranger’s home on Airbnb to save a few pounds, most businesspeople are travelling on expense accounts and 11 to spend. Meanwhile their employers, with a duty to ensure safety, remain 12 booking spare rooms, which they fear conceal slippery stairs, faulty electrics and other hazards. This 13 hoteliers nicely. But not all of them. Business travellers may not yet be switching to Airbnb, but they are 14 their costs. More than half the new rooms built in London this year will be operated by budget brands. Even the once-luxurious Trocadero cannot 15 that trend. Having made its name a century ago selling nine-course meals to the upper classes, in 2017 it re-opened — but as a budget hotel. 1．A．evolved B．reopened C．boasted D．closed 2．A．advantage B．symbol C．origin D．criticism 3．A．sustainable B．nationwide C．surprising D．short-lived 4．A．forced down B．added up C．come from D．resulted in 5．A．explored B．promoted C．suspected D．limited 6．A．products B．discoveries C．tendencies D．properties 7．A．shortage B．possibility C．threat D．collection 8．A．beginning B．remaining C．slowing D．repeating 9．A．age B．gender C．type D．analysis 10．A．similarity B．increase C．difference D．decrease 11．A．happy B．reluctant C．careful D．sorry 12．A．certain of B．careful about C．expert at D．busy in 13．A．suits B．warns C．defines D．guides 14．A．looking up to B．cutting down on C．making up for D．settling down to 15．A．follow B．confirm C．explain D．escape 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．C 10．B 11．A 12．B 13．A 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了伦敦酒店业正处于繁荣状态，尽管面临共享经济竞争，但受游客类型变化等因素影响，同时商务旅客成本控制促使经济型酒店兴起。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在经历了长时间的衰落之后，它于1965年关闭。A. evolved进化；B. reopened重新开放；C. boasted吹嘘；D. closed关闭。根据前文“After a long decline”以及后文“Yet soon the Trocadero will be on the London tourist map once again: a 583 room hotel has come back.”可知，在衰落之后应该是先关闭了，后来才又重新回归。故选D项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是目前伦敦酒店业繁荣的一个象征。A. advantage优势；B. symbol象征；C. origin起源；D. criticism批评。前文“Yet soon the Trocadero will be on the London tourist map once again: a 583 room hotel has come back.”提到特罗卡德罗酒店重新开业，结合后文“the hotel boom currently under way in London” 可推知，特罗卡德罗酒店重新开业这一事件体现了伦敦酒店业的繁荣，是酒店业繁荣的一个象征。故选B项。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：考虑到来自共享经济网站和应用程序的竞争，这些应用程序允许人们将闲置房间出租给旅行者，酒店业的繁荣令人惊讶。A. sustainable可持续的；B. nationwide全国范围的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. short-lived短暂的。根据后文“given the competition from sharing economy websites and apps that allow people to rent out their spare rooms to travellers”可知，因为有共享经济模式的竞争，酒店业还能繁荣，这是让人惊讶的事情。故选C项。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：最大的此类服务Airbnb，在一些美国城市已经使酒店收入下降了多达10%。A. forced down迫使下降；B. added up加起来；C. come from来自；D. resulted in导致。根据前文“the competition from sharing-economy websites and apps that allow people to rent out their spare rooms to travellers”和“Airbnb, the biggest such service”可推知，共享经济对酒店业有竞争影响，所以提供此类服务的Airbnb使得酒店收入下降。故选A项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，房间预订应用程序在伦敦的影响有限。A. explored探索；B. promoted促进；C. suspected怀疑；D. limited限制，有限。后文提到“Only 0.5% of Londoners advertise their ____ on Airbnb, compared with 2.4% of Parisians.”，说明Airbnb在伦敦的影响力不如在巴黎，即其影响是有限的。故选D项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：只有0.5%的伦敦人在Airbnb上出租他们的房产，而巴黎人的这一比例为2.4%。A. products产品；B. discoveries发现；C. tendencies趋势；D. properties房产。根据前文“sharing economy websites and apps that allow people to rent out their spare rooms to travellers”可知，这里指的是伦敦人在Airbnb上出租他们的房产。故选D项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：原因之一是伦敦主要旅游景点附近缺乏价格合理的住宅房源，这些地方被办公室和豪宅占据。A. shortage短缺；B. possibility可能性；C. threat威胁；D. collection收集。根据后文“which are occupied by offices and mansions”可知，旅游景点附近被办公室和豪宅占据，所以缺乏适合出租的住宅，也就是存在短缺的情况。故选A项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据花旗银行最近的一份报告，Airbnb在伦敦和其他欧洲大城市的房源增长已经放缓，这意味着伦敦人的闲置房间不太可能满足更多的需求。A. beginning开始；B. remaining保持；C. slowing减慢；D. repeating重复。根据后文“meaning that Londoners’ spare rooms are unlikely to be able to handle much more demand”可知，Airbnb房源增长放缓了，才导致不能满足更多需求。故选C项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：酒店也受益于来英国游客类型的变化。A. age年龄；B. gender性别；C. type类型；D. analysis分析。后文提到“While the strong pound has persuaded many tourists to go to cheaper destinations, business travellers cannot avoid London so easily.”，说明游客类型有变化，从普通游客和商务旅客的不同选择可以体现出来。故选C项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以尽管2015年游客消费没有增加，但英国商务旅客的消费比上一年增长了7%。A. similarity相似性；B. increase增加；C. difference差异；D. decrease减少。根据前文“While the strong pound has persuaded many tourists to go to cheaper destinations, business travellers cannot avoid London so easily.”可知，伦敦游客减少，商务旅客增多，游客消费没有增加。故选B项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与愿意在Airbnb上预订陌生人家里的房间以节省几英镑的度假者不同，大多数商务人士是公费出差，乐意消费。A. happy乐意的；B. reluctant不情愿的；C. careful小心的；D. sorry抱歉的。根据前文“Unlike holidaymakers who are willing to book a room in a stranger’s home on Airbnb to save a few pounds”和“travelling on expense accounts”可知，商务人士是公费出差，所以乐意消费。故选A项。 12．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：与此同时，他们的雇主有责任确保安全，仍然对预订闲置房间持谨慎态度，他们担心这些房间隐藏着滑楼梯、有故障的电器和其他危险。A. certain of确定；B. careful about对……谨慎；C. expert at擅长；D. busy in忙于。根据前文“with a duty to ensure safety”以及后文“which they fear conceal slippery stairs, faulty electrics and other hazards”可知，因为安全原因，商务人士的雇主对预订闲置房间很谨慎。故选B项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这正合酒店经营者心意。A. suits适合，合(某人)心意；B. warns警告；C. defines定义；D. guides引导。因为前文提到商务旅客乐意住酒店且雇主对闲置房间预订谨慎，使得酒店有更多的生意，所以这种情况正合酒店经营者心意。故选A项。 14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：商务旅客可能还没有转向Airbnb，但他们正在削减成本。A. looking up to尊敬；B. cutting down on削减；C. making up for弥补；D. settling down to开始认真做。根据后文“More than half the new rooms built in London this year will be operated by budget brands.”可知，商务旅客在削减成本，所以推动了经济型酒店的发展。故选B项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使曾经豪华的特罗卡德罗酒店也无法逃脱这一趋势。A. follow跟随；B. confirm确认；C. explain解释；D. escape逃脱。前文提到商务旅客削减成本，经济型酒店兴起，结合下文“in 2017 it re-opened — but as a budget hotel.”可知，特罗卡德罗酒店也受到影响，无法逃脱经济型酒店趋势。故选D项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·上海延安中学·期中) The Unseen World of Animal Behavior In the wild, animals exhibit fascinating behaviors that often 1 from season to season. During the breeding season, for instance, some birds perform incredible feats to attract mates, while others focus on 2 their young. Scientists have long tried to 3 these complex patterns, but many aspects remain unclear. One prominent discovery is how certain animals 4 their body temperature in extreme environments. Unlike humans, who rely on technology, these creatures have natural abilities to 5 for the challenges of their habitats. For example, Arctic foxes 6 their fur with thick layers of fat, a clever adaptation that helps them survive. Researchers often conduct experiments to study these behaviors. In one case, a team used a sand pit to observe how wolves interact, with some wolves acting as a control group. The results showed a statistically significant difference in their social structures, proving that animal intelligence 7 beyond simple instincts. Technology has also found its way into this field. High-tech cameras now enable scientists to document animal experiences without human 8 . These tools have become building blocks for new discoveries, allowing us to 9 into the hidden lives of creatures we once knew little about. However, not all animal behaviors are easy to interpret. Some actions happen at random, leaving researchers puzzled. Yet, even these mysteries 10 , as they often lead to groundbreaking insights. 11 , the way dolphins communicate was once dismissed as noise, but it is now regarded as a 12 language system. In zoos, caretakers must nurture the animals’ natural instincts while ensuring their safety. This balance is crucial to maintaining their health. Some zoos have even 13 live streams of their animals, giving the public a chance to follow up their daily lives. These efforts help 14 the gap between humans and the animal kingdom, reminding us that every species has a unique role to play in nature’s grand story — whatever fortune has to 15 it. 1．A．change B．vary C．shift D．intervene 2．A．intruding B．monitoring C．educating D．grooming 3．A．take notice of B．make sense of C．make use of D．lose sight of 4．A．maintain B．regulate C．stabilize D．control 5．A．tailor B．solve C．prepare D．compare 6．A．loosen B．load C．loan D．lock 7．A．extends B．develops C．reaches D．enlarges 8．A．interference B．interruption C．interview D．interaction 9．A．divide B．step C．stretch D．dive 10．A．count B．endure C．prevail D．forecast 11．A．As a result B．For instance C．On the contrary D．After all 12．A．noble B．obvious C．noteworthy D．irrelevant 13．A．held B．informed C．motioned D．restored 14．A．check B．log C．turn D．bridge 15．A．happen to B．throw at C．call at D．send to 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．A 9．D 10．A 11．B 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了动物行为的多样性、适应性及其研究意义。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在野外，动物展示出随季节而变化的迷人行为。A. change改变；B. vary变化；C. shift转移；D. intervene干预。根据下文“from season to season”可知，此处指动物行为随季节在一定范围内变化，故选B。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，在繁殖季节，一些鸟为了吸引配偶会做出令人难以置信的行为，而其他鸟类则专注于照顾它们的幼鸟。A. intruding侵入；B. monitoring监控；C. educating教育；D. grooming梳理、照顾。根据下文“their young”可知，这里描述的是鸟类对幼鸟的照料行为，故选D。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：科学家们长久以来尝试理解这些复杂模式，但许多方面仍然不清楚。A. take notice of注意；B. make sense of理解；C. make use of利用；D. lose sight of忽视，看不见。根据下文“these complex patterns”可知，这里强调科学家试图“理解”动物行为，故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个显著的发现是某些动物如何在极端环境中调节体温。A. maintain保持；B. regulate调节；C. stabilize稳定；D. control控制。根据下文“their body temperature in extreme environments”可知，这里指动物调节体温以适应极端环境，故选B。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与依赖技术的人类不同，这些生物具有自然能力来应对栖息地的挑战。A. tailor裁剪；B. solve解决；C. prepare准备；D. compare比较。根据下文“for the challenges of their habitats”可知，这里表示为环境做准备，故选C。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，北极狐用厚厚的脂肪层来承载它们的皮毛，这是一种聪明的适应方式，有助于它们生存。A. loosen放松；B. load承载，填充；C. loan贷款；D. lock锁住。根据下文“their fur with thick layers of fat”可知，此处描述的是保护机制，北极狐用厚厚的脂肪层来承载它们的皮毛。故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果显示它们的社会结构有统计学上的显著差异，证明动物的智力超越了简单的本能。A. extends延伸，扩展；B. develops发展；C. reaches达到；D. enlarges扩大。根据下文“beyond simple instincts”可知，这里指动物智力扩展到不仅仅是本能反应，extend beyond表示“超越”，符合题意。故选A。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：高科技相机现在使科学家能够记录动物的经历而无需人类干扰。A. interference干扰；B. interruption中断；C. interview采访；D. interaction互动。根据上文“High-tech cameras now enable scientists to document animal experiences without human”可知，这里强调相机记录动物经历时没有人类的干扰，故选A。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些工具成为了新发现的基石，让我们深入到我们曾经知之甚少的生物的秘密生活中。A. divide划分；B. step步入；C. stretch伸展；D. dive潜入，深入。根据下文“into the hidden lives of creatures we once knew little about”可知，这里使用比喻表达深入探索之意，dive into表示“深入探究”，符合语境。故选D。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，即使是这些谜团也很重要，因为它们常常会带来突破性的见解。A. count重要，有价值；B. endure忍受；C. prevail盛行；D. forecast预测。根据下文“as they often lead to groundbreaking insights”可知，这里指即使未解之谜也有其重要性，故选A。 11．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，海豚交流的方式曾经被认为是噪音，但现在被视为一种值得注意的语言系统。A. As a result结果；B. For instance例如；C. On the contrary相反；D.After all毕竟。根据下文“the way dolphins communicate was once dismissed as noise, but it is now regarded as a ____ language system.”可知，这里是举海豚交流方式的例子，故选B。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. noble高贵的；B. obvious明显的；C. noteworthy值得注意的；D. irrelevant不相关的。根据上文“the way dolphins communicate was once dismissed as noise, but it is now regarded as a”可知，这里强调海豚语言系统的特殊性和重要性，现在认为海豚交流方式是值得注意的。故选C。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些动物园甚至举办了动物的直播，让公众有机会了解它们的日常生活。A. held举行，举办；B. informed通知；C. motioned示意；D. restored恢复。根据下文“live streams of their animals, giving the public a chance to follow up their daily lives”可知，这里指一些动物园举办了动物的直播，故选A。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些努力有助于弥合人类与动物王国之间的差距，提醒我们每个物种在大自然的宏大故事中都有独特的角色要扮演——无论命运如何对待它。A. check检查；B. log记录；C. turn转向；D. bridge弥合，架桥。根据下文“the gap between humans and the animal kingdom”可知，这些努力有助于弥合人类与动物王国之间的差距，bridge the gap 表示“弥合差距”，符合语境。故选D。 15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些努力有助于弥合人类与动物王国之间的差距，提醒我们每个物种在大自然的宏大故事中都有独特的角色要扮演——无论什么样的命运抛向它。A. happen to碰巧，发生；B. throw at抛向；C. call at拜访；D. send to发送。根据上文“whatever fortune has to”可知，这里指任何事物或情况的发生，无论什么样的命运抛向它，我们每个物种在大自然的宏大故事中都有独特的角色要扮演。故选B。 Passage 2 (24-25高二下·上海西郊学校·期中) Effective monitoring of endangered species is key to their survival. Studying the 1 , range, and habits of wild animals is essential to ensure their habitat remains free from development and illegal hunters. Traditional methods of monitoring wild animals, especially large ones, include radio-tagging (无线电标记) . To do this, individual animals must at first be captured so that collars (颈圈) can be 2 . One organization that 3 this technique was WildTrack. In the late 1990s, the team was using radio-collars to monitor black rhinos (犀牛) in Namibia. However, the team soon realized that the chemicals used to immobilize the rhino to fix the collars harmed female fertility. Not only that but also a large proportion of the radio-collars 4 within the first 6 months and had to be replaced. 5 as animals grew, the collars would tighten, annoying or even hurting them. The method was costly and had the unintended consequence of altering the rhinos’ behavior, making the collected data unreliable. At the same time, the team was working alongside local 6 . Animal tracking is one of the oldest human skills, and these experts have years of experience in identifying individual animals by their footprints. They could effectively create a true picture of individual rhinos’ activities without the use of any invasive (侵入的) techniques. Consequently, the team were interested to know whether the trackers’ knowledge could be effectively translated into a computerized technique for monitoring animal movement. Within each species, each individual has its own unique foot 7 . If an animal is sighted and identified just once, and the characteristics of its footprints are properly photographed and measured, its footprint can be 8 whenever it is sighted again. If that is done repeatedly, conservationists can draw up a database of all, or at least a significant proportion of the individuals within the population. After that, conservationists can use it to identify an animal and its movements by its print. The data gathered can be used for a range of 9 , for example, to monitor biodiversity, WildTrack is currently using footprint identification technology in Greece to study the potential effect of a large highway construction through brown bear habitat. Identifying an animal from its footprint is not without its 10 , however, as each time the individual places its foot on the ground, it leaves a slightly different track, according to the ground type, moisture (湿度) , and movement. To account for these variations, it is necessary to collect multiple tracks from each animal on a range of surfaces. 1．A．flexibility B．diet C．movement D．behavior 2．A．fixed B．updated C．removed D．examined 3．A．opposed B．developed C．promoted D．adopted 4．A．lasted B．failed C．matched D．bent 5．A．Moreover B．However C．Likewise D．Therefore 6．A．programmers B．photographers C．trackers D．officials 7．A．features B．sizes C．colors D．shapes 8．A．copied B．recognized C．erased D．marked 9．A．services B．experiments C．solutions D．purposes 10．A．limitations B．losses C．challenges D．concerns 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有效监测濒危物种的重要性，以及传统监测方法与现代技术（如无线电标记和脚印识别技术）在野生动物监测中的应用和挑战。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究野生动物的迁徙路线、活动范围和习性对于确保它们的栖息地不受开发和非法狩猎的侵扰至关重要。A. flexibility灵活性；B. diet饮食；C. movement迁徙、活动；D. behavior行为。根据后文的“range, and habits”可知，此处是在讨论研究野生动物的迁徙路线（即它们的活动路径和范围）的重要性。故选C项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了做到这一点，必须首先捕获单个动物，以便给它们戴上项圈。A. fixed安装、固定；B. updated更新；C. removed移除；D. examined检查。根据上文的“To do this, individual animals must at first be captured”和“collars (颈圈) can be”可知，要先捕获动物，目的是为了给它们戴上项圈以进行追踪。故选A项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：采用这项技术的组织之一是WildTrack。A. opposed反对；B. developed发展；C. promoted促进；D. adopted采用、采纳。根据后文的“this technique was WildTrack”以及下文的描述可知，WildTrack是采用了无线电标记技术的组织之一。故选D项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不仅如此，有很大一部分无线电项圈在前6个月内就发生了故障，必须更换。A. lasted持续；B. failed失效；C. matched匹配；D. bent弯曲。根据后文的“and had to be replaced”可知，有很大一部分无线电项圈发生了故障，失效了，必须更换。故选B项。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：而且，随着动物的成长，项圈会收紧，使它们感到烦躁甚至受伤。A. Moreover而且；B. However然而；C. Likewise同样地；D. Therefore因此。根据后文的“as animals grew, the collars would tighten, annoying or even hurting them”可知，这是上文中提到的无线电项圈存在的另一个问题，与上文是递进关系，应用moreover。故选A项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，该团队还与当地的追踪专家合作。A. programmers程序员；B. photographers摄影师；C. trackers追踪者、追踪专家；D. officials官员。根据后文的“Animal tracking is one of the oldest human skills, and these experts have years of experience in identifying individual animals by their footprints”可知，此处是指该团队与当地的追踪专家合作。故选C项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在每个物种中，每个个体都有其独特的足迹特征。A. features特征；B. sizes尺寸；C. colors颜色；D. shapes形状。根据后文的“If an animal is sighted and identified just once, and the characteristics of its footprints are properly photographed and measured”可知，此处是指每个动物都有其独特的足迹特征。故选A项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果再次发现该动物，就可以识别出它的足迹。A. copied复制；B. recognized识别；C. erased擦除；D. marked标记。根据上文的“If an animal is sighted and identified just once, and the characteristics of its footprints are properly photographed and measured”可知，如果给动物拍照并测量了其足迹特征，那么当再次发现该动物时，就可以识别出它的足迹。故选B项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：收集到的数据可用于多种目的，例如监测生物多样性。A. services服务；B. experiments实验；C. solutions解决方案；D. purposes目的。根据后文的“for example, to monitor biodiversity”可知，此处是指收集到的数据可用于多种目的。故选D项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，从动物的足迹来识别动物也存在挑战，因为每次动物把脚放在地上时，根据地面的类型、湿度和运动情况，它都会留下略微不同的足迹。A. limitations限制；B. losses损失；C. challenges挑战；D. concerns担忧。根据后文的“as each time the individual places its foot on the ground, it leaves a slightly different track”可知，从动物的足迹来识别动物也存在挑战。故选C项。 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·上海闵行区六校联考·期中) Gathering her backpack for school, 14- year old Carolyn Milander burst into tears for the second time that week. “Not again, Carolyn!” her mother said, 1 , “When you get perfect grades, you’re on a high. But when you don’t get enough sleep, you get so tired and depressed! This 2 cycle has got to end!” Carolyn screamed, “I’m fine, just leave me alone!” Carolyn had just started at a new secondary school and was having trouble coping with the increased expectations and pressures to perform. This type of angry interchange is all too 3 for today’s teens and their parents, and it’s no surprise. 4 watching and hoping things would improve, Carolyn’s mother carried out a bit of personal research to find out what sort of help was available. She discovered that there was a special stress-reduction class at Carolyn’s school, known as “Happy Class”, and she 5 that Carolyn should attend it. That was four years ago. Recently, Carolyn told her story to a magazine for young people. “I remember 6 climbing into the car and sitting silently as my mum drove me to my first Happy Class,” Carolyn said. “Then I shyly walked into the classroom and took a seat. With the lights off, the leaders and students sat facing each other in a circle. I felt 7 and embarrassed, hoping no one would see me when they walked by the classroom. We started by closing our eyes, focusing on our breathing.” As Carolyn began to notice her breath, she said, “I 8 thinking about people in the hallway. I felt really relaxed and focused on that moment in time.” This was a feeling she liked and she could tell she would 9 what the classes could offer. Happy Class was a significant turning point for Carolyn. She began to explore deeper life issues, 10 what gave her feelings of happiness and fulfillment. She also learned to 11 herself for who she was, instead of striving to live up to other people’s ideas of success. Many of her friends and family expected her to attend Harvard or another top university, but Carolyn created her own 12 of happiness instead. She stopped 13 , organized her time better so she was able to relax and do things she enjoyed, and tried to eat more healthily. She realized that she could achieve happiness close to home, rather than by going to a top university. 14 , Carolyn decided to become a nurse and to apply to just one college — a 20-minute drive away. “I didn’t want to be 15 by a top university, even if I received a scholarship. I wanted to remain true to the goals I set for myself.” 1．A．supposedly B．worriedly C．excitedly D．repeatedly 2．A．expected B．comfortable C．terrible D．combined 3．A．familiar B．convenient C．essential D．famous 4．A．In spite of B．Regardless of C．In terms of D．Instead of 5．A．insisted B．wondered C．doubted D．showed 6．A．willingly B．angrily C．oddly D．gratefully 7．A．excited B．surprised C．awkward D．confident 8．A．consider B．dislike C．advise D．quit 9．A．listen to B．benefit from C．depend on D．persist in 10．A．denying B．needing C．predicting D．defining 11．A．push B．feel C．accept D．thank 12．A．version B．hope C．study D．wave 13．A．turning up B．living up C．staying up D．taking up 14．A．In fact B．By contrast C．On the whole D．To the end 15．A．refused B．injured C．discovered D．tempted 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．D 11．C 12．A 13．C 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了Carolyn通过参加“快乐课堂”，学会应对压力，找到自我幸福的故事。 1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“别再这样了，卡罗琳！”她妈妈担心地说。A. supposedly据推测；B. worriedly担心地；C. excitedly兴奋地；D. repeatedly反复地。根据上文“Gathering her backpack for school, 14- year old Carolyn Milander burst into tears for the second time that week.”可知，卡罗琳又哭了，所以她妈妈会很担心。故选B。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种糟糕的循环必须结束！A. expected预期的；B. comfortable舒适的；C. terrible糟糕的；D. combined结合的。根据上文“14- year old Carolyn Milander burst into tears for the second time that week.”以及“But when you don’t get enough sleep, you get so tired and depressed!”可知，没有足够的睡眠就疲惫抑郁，此处表示糟糕的循环。故选C。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种愤怒的交流在当今的青少年和他们的父母之间太常见了，这并不奇怪。A. familiar熟悉的、常见的；B. convenient方便的；C. essential必不可少的；D. famous著名的。根据下文“and it’s no surprise.”可知，这种交流是很常见的。故选A。 4．考查介词短语辨析。句意：卡罗琳的母亲没有坐视不管，希望事情会有所改善，而是进行了一些个人研究，看看能得到什么样的帮助。A. In spite of尽管；B. Regardless of不管；C. In terms of就……而言；D. Instead of而不是。根据下文“Carolyn’s mother carried out a bit of personal research to find out what sort of help was available.”可知，妈妈没有坐视不管，而是去研究以得到帮助。故选D。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她发现卡罗琳的学校有一个特殊的减压课，被称为“快乐课堂”，她坚持让卡罗琳参加。A. insisted坚持；B. wondered想知道；C. doubted怀疑；D. showed展示。根据上文“She discovered that there was a special stress-reduction class at Carolyn’s school, known as “Happy Class”,”可知，妈妈发现了帮助减压的课，坚持让卡罗琳参加。故选A。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：卡罗琳说：“我记得我生气地爬进车里，静静地坐着，妈妈开车送我去上第一节快乐课。”A. willingly愿意地；B. angrily生气地；C. oddly奇怪地；D. gratefully感激地。根据上文“Carolyn screamed, “I’m fine, just leave me alone!””可知，卡罗琳不想去上课，推测此时卡罗琳生气地爬进车里。故选B。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到很尴尬，希望没有人路过教室时看到我。A. excited兴奋的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. confident自信的。根据下文“hoping no one would see me when they walked by the classroom.”可知，卡罗琳不希望别人看到自己，推测卡罗琳感到尴尬。故选C。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始不再想走廊里的人。A. consider考虑；B. dislike不喜欢；C. advise建议；D. quit停止。根据下文“I felt really relaxed and focused on that moment in time.”可知，卡罗琳开始放松，专注于当下，所以不再想走廊里的人。quit doing sth.表示“停止做某事”。故选D。 9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这是一种她喜欢的感觉，她知道自己会从这些课程中受益。A. listen to听；B. benefit from从……中受益；C. depend on依靠；D. persist in坚持。根据上文“This was a feeling she liked”可知，她喜欢这种感觉，所以知道自己会从中受益。故选B。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她开始探索更深层次的生活问题，定义什么能给她带来幸福和满足感。A. denying否认；B. needing需要；C. predicting预测；D. defining定义。根据下文“what gave her feelings of happiness and fulfillment.”可知，她定义什么能带来幸福和满足感。故选D。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她还学会了接受真实的自己，而不是努力达到别人对成功的看法。A. push推动；B. feel感觉；C. accept接受；D. thank感谢。根据下文“instead of striving to live up to other people’s ideas of success.”可知，她学会接受真实的自己。故选C。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的许多朋友和家人都希望她能考上哈佛或其他顶尖大学，但卡罗琳却创造了自己版本的幸福。A. version版本；B. hope希望；C. study研究；D. wave波浪。根据下文“She stopped ____13____ , organized her time better so she was able to relax and do things she enjoyed, and tried to eat more healthily. She realized that she could achieve happiness close to home, rather than by going to a top university.”以及语境可知，别人希望她上顶尖大学，而她有自己的幸福版本。故选A。 13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她不再熬夜，更好地安排时间，这样她就能放松，做自己喜欢的事情，并尝试吃得更健康。A. turning up出现；B. living up不辜负；C. staying up熬夜；D. taking up占据。根据上文“But when you don’t get enough sleep, you get so tired and depressed!”以及下文“organized her time better so she was able to relax and do things she enjoyed”可知，她更好地安排时间，不再熬夜。故选C。 14．考查介词短语辨析。句意：事实上，卡罗琳决定成为一名护士，只申请一所大学——开车20分钟就能到。A. In fact事实上；B. By contrast相比之下；C. On the whole总体上；D. To the end到最后。根据下文“Carolyn decided to become a nurse and to apply to just one college — a 20-minute drive away.”可知，这是事实情况，所以空处应用in fact，表示“事实上”。故选A。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不想被顶尖大学诱惑，即使我获得了奖学金。A. refused拒绝；B. injured受伤；C. discovered发现；D. tempted诱惑。根据下文“even if I received a scholarship. I wanted to remain true to the goals I set for myself.”可知，此处表示她不想被顶尖大学诱惑。故选D。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高二下·上海闵行区莘庄中学·期中) Could you eat your pet Guinea pig? In recent years, that question has become a classic example in cultural anthropology (人类学) classes that relate to the 1 nature of our attitudes towards food. Think about it. On one side of the great Guinea Pig Divide stand Andean cultures, who have long treated the furry creature as a nutritious source of food. On the other side are European and US cultures, where the animal is 2 considered a beloved pet. While western children would doubtlessly react with 3 to the idea of eating these little creatures, to some cultures in Ecuador and Peru it seems equally strange to cherish them as pets. 4 , how we treat guinea pigs is one of the many small ways in which we define our sense of what exactly is considered “exotic”. As any anthropology class will also teach you, 5 others as “exotic” or “weird”, because of food or anything else, also makes it easier to demonise (妖魔化) them. However, there is another side to this. Culture can often be more 6 than we realise, particularly in a globalised age. Gideon Lasco, an anthropologist from the Philippines, has been studying the issue of how and why Andean cultures cat guinea pigs. His research starts by 7 that this food is a social divider not just between Andean cultures and the West, but also inside of countries such as Peru. Some Andean cultures have eaten guinea pigs, known as cuy, for centuries. But in recent decades, urban Peruvians have 8 , knowing that westerners view the practice in a negative light. More recently, however, notes Lasco, two striking 9 have emerged. First, some western tourists have started to view eating guinea-pig dishes as 10 . While globalisation has already brought dishes from around the world into western supermarkets, chopped guinea pig is not yet 11 in Walmart, hence its value as an “experience”. Second, some educated Peruvian have also become more interested in defining and championing what makes them 12 in a globalized world by creating a new form of cuy cuisine in Lima. “As eating’ local’ becomes more fashionable around the world, wealthier people have been 13 time-honored foods,” Lasco writes. Those furry creatures are no longer just a sign of global 14 but of cultural flexibility. This may not, however, make western kids feel any better about the idea of their pets being cooked. But the issue should help them (and adults) to 15 that our assumptions need not be set in stone, or cages. 1．A．physical B．interactive C．local D．subjective 2．A．generally B．accordingly C．inadequately D．previously 3．A．delight B．relief C．horror D．understanding 4．A．In other words B．What’s more C．Even so D．On the contrary 5．A．striking B．deleting C．helping D．labelling 6．A．difficult B．flexible C．relevant D．restricted 7．A．noting B．doubting C．demanding D．complaining 8．A．appeared B．stopped C．succeeded D．fainted 9．A．contrasts B．designs C．options D．trends 10．A．memorable B．stable C．reliable D．fashionable 11．A．out of stock B．on sale C．in need D．without delay 12．A．similar B．useful C．unique D．definite 13．A．reprocessing B．excluding C．rediscovering D．replacing 14．A．differences B．tendencies C．responsibilities D．competitions 15．A．pretend B．recognise C．imagine D．object 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．D 11．B 12．C 13．C 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了不同文化中人们对豚鼠的不同态度，以及全球化背景下这种态度的转变和新趋势，揭示了文化的多样性与灵活性。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：近年来，这个问题已成为文化人类学课程中一个典型的例子，用以探讨人们对食物的态度所具有的主观性。A. physical身体的，物质的；B. interactive互动的；C. local当地的；D. subjective主观的。根据后文“On one side of the great Guinea Pig Divide stand Andean cultures, who have long treated the furry creature as a nutritious source of food. On the other side are European and US cultures, where the animal is 2 considered a beloved pet.”可知，不同文化对豚鼠的态度截然不同，这体现了人们对食物的态度是主观的，会因文化背景而异。故选D项。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：另一边是欧洲和美国文化，在那里这种动物通常被视为心爱的宠物。A. generally通常；B. accordingly相应地；C. inadequately不足地；D. previously以前。结合前文“Think about it. On one side of the great Guinea Pig Divide stand Andean cultures, who have long treated the furry creature as a nutritious source of food. On the other side are European and US cultures”可知，作者在对比安第斯文化和欧美文化对豚鼠的不同看法，在欧美文化语境里，豚鼠通常是被当作宠物的，所以用“generally”符合语境。故选A项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然西方孩子无疑会对吃这些小动物的想法感到恐惧。A. delight高兴；B. relief宽慰；C. horror恐惧；D. understanding理解。由前文“On the other side are European and US cultures, where the animal is 2 considered a beloved pet.”可知，在西方文化中豚鼠是宠物，所以西方孩子对于吃豚鼠这种想法会感到恐惧。故选C项。 4．考查短语词义辨析。句意：换言之，我们对待豚鼠的方式，正是界定何谓“异国风味”的众多细微文化标尺之一。A. In other words换句话说；B. What’s more此外；C. Even so即使如此；D. On the contrary相反。前文阐述了不同文化对豚鼠不同的看法，即西方把豚鼠当宠物，而安第斯文化把豚鼠当食物，这里进一步说明这种不同的对待方式其实就是定义“异国风味”的一种体现，用“换句话说”来衔接上下文逻辑。故选A项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如任何人类学课程也会教给你的那样，因为食物或其他任何事情而将他人标记为“异国的”或“怪异的”，也会更容易将他们妖魔化。A. striking打击；B. deleting删除；C. helping帮助；D. labelling标记。根据后文“as ‘exotic’ or ‘weird’”可知，这里表达的是将他人标记成这样的标签，进而更容易去妖魔化他们。故选D项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：文化往往比我们意识到的更具灵活性，特别是在全球化时代。A. difficult困难的；B. flexible灵活的；C. relevant相关的；D. restricted受限的。从后文“His research starts by 3 that this food is a social divider not just between Andean cultures and the West, but also inside of countries such as Peru.”以及后面提到的西方游客和秘鲁人对豚鼠态度的变化，可知文化并不是固定不变的，而是具有灵活性的。故选B项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的研究首先指出，这种食物不仅是安第斯文化和西方之间的社会分隔因素，也是秘鲁等国家内部的社会分隔因素。A. noting指出；B. doubting怀疑；C. demanding要求；D. complaining抱怨。后文“this food is a social divider not just between Andean cultures and the West, but also inside of countries such as Peru.”是研究得出的内容，所以这里用“指出”符合语境，表示研究开始要说明的情况。故选A项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但近几十年来，城市秘鲁人已经停止了（吃豚鼠），因为他们知道西方人对这种做法持负面看法。A. appeared出现；B. stopped停止；C. succeeded成功；D. fainted晕倒。根据前文“Some Andean cultures have eaten guinea pigs, known as cuy, for centuries.”和后文“knowing that westerners view the practice in a negative light”可知，以前安第斯文化有吃豚鼠的传统，但因为西方人负面看法，城市秘鲁人现在停止了这种行为。故选B项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，最近，拉斯科指出，出现了两个显著的趋势。A. contrasts对比；B. designs设计；C. options选择；D. trends趋势。后文分别详细描述了“First, some western tourists have started to view eating guinea pig dishes as 10 ”和“Second, some educated Peruvian have also become more interested in defining and championing what makes them 12 in a globalized world by creating a new form of cuy cuisine in Lima.”这两个新的情况，说明出现了新的趋势。故选D项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首先，一些西方游客开始认为吃豚鼠菜肴很时尚。A. memorable难忘的；B. stable稳定的；C. reliable可靠的；D. fashionable时尚的。由后文“As eating ‘local’ becomes more fashionable around the world”可知，在吃当地食物变得时尚的大背景下，西方游客把吃豚鼠菜肴也视为时尚的行为。故选D项。 11．考查短语辨析。句意：虽然全球化已经把世界各地的菜肴带进了西方超市，但切碎的豚鼠还没有在沃尔玛出售，因此它作为一种“体验”有其价值。A. out of stock缺货；B. on sale出售；C. in need需要；D. without delay毫不拖延。根据后文“in Walmart”和常识可知，Walmart是世界连锁零售企业，是大型超市，所以这里说的是豚鼠菜肴尚未在沃尔玛这样的超市出售。故选B项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其次，一些受过教育的秘鲁人也通过在利马创造一种新的豚鼠菜肴，对定义和捍卫他们在全球化世界中的独特之处更感兴趣。A. similar相似的；B. useful有用的；C. unique独特的；D. definite明确的。根据后文“by creating a new form of cuy cuisine in Lima”可知，秘鲁人通过创造新的豚鼠菜肴来体现自己在全球化世界中的独特性。故选C项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着“吃当地食物”在世界各地变得越来越时尚，富裕的人一直在重新发现历史悠久的食物。A. reprocessing再加工；B. excluding排除；C. rediscovering重新发现；D. replacing取代。结合前文提到“eating ‘local’ becomes more fashionable around the world”以及后文“time honored foods”可推知，因为吃当地食物流行起来，所以富裕的人开始重新关注世界各地的传统食物，开始去重新发现它们。故选C项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些毛茸茸的生物不再仅仅是全球差异的标志，而是文化灵活性的标志。A. differences差异；B. tendencies趋势；C. responsibilities责任；D. competitions竞争。前文“On one side of the great Guinea Pig Divide stand Andean cultures, who have long treated the furry creature as a nutritious source of food. On the other side are European and US cultures, where the animal is 2 considered a beloved pet.”描述了不同文化对豚鼠不同的态度，体现了全球差异，而现在“First, some western tourists have started to view eating guinea pig dishes as 10 ”以及“Second, some educated Peruvian have also become more interested in defining and championing what makes them 12 in a globalized world by creating a new form of cuy cuisine in Lima.”等情况有了变化，说明豚鼠不再只是代表差异，更体现了文化的灵活性。故选A项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这个问题应该能帮助他们（和成年人）认识到，我们的假设不一定是一成不变的。A. pretend假装；B. recognise认识到；C. imagine想象；D. object反对。前文详细描述了不同文化对豚鼠态度从差异到转变的过程，如西方游客和秘鲁人态度的变化，通过这些内容人们应该能“认识到”到自己以往对于食物等方面的一些观念并非固定不变的。故选B项。 Passage 2 (24-25高二下·上海嘉定区中光高级中学·期中) I decided to retire my personal social website account. It all began with a detailed review of my own Instagram account. I worked out that more than 80 per cent of the photos I had posted featured my 1 . In some ways this seemed 2 . If social websites are for a simple game of showing off, these two are clearly my pride. Next, however, I examined my husband’s post for 3 . In real life, he loves the kids no less than I do. Yet between his two social website accounts, they featured in only about 25 per cent of his photos. The 4 was split between a) kitchens he had designed and b) vinyl (黑胶) records he had purchased (the former being his job, the latter his addiction). We divide our time between work and childcare in comparable proportions. Yet the 5 suggested by our online selves was quite different. According to Katrin Tiidenberg, associate professor of social media and visual culture at Tallinn University, who is publishing a forthcoming book called Sex and Social Media, this is because men and women often have different 6 for sharing information on social media. When my husband posted a photo of Bruce Springsteen’s Nebraska on vinyl, his aim was 7 , my conversation with Tiidenberg implied. As the words on his post suggested, he mainly wanted the world to know that the 1982 album is: “so good”. When I posted a photo of our daughter eating fish fingers in fancy dress, sure, I was 8 . She looked amazing. I was hoping that her star quality might reflect, just a little, on me. But according to Tiidenberg: “Women tend to use social media as a tool to maintain their social 9 . They take those into account when they post and when deciding how they post.” A photo of a five-year-old in fancy-dress,   10 , doesn’t just say: “so good”. It can, meanwhile, say: “Hello godmother, who we feel guilty for cancelling on the other day”, “Hello cousins, who are now in Australia and feel a little disconnected...” Tiidenberg is careful to stress that she’s “not making any essentialist argument” about women and men’s 11 for either type of content. Instead, she argues, women have always been trained to take responsibility for cultivating and managing social networks: “They’re told it’s what they’re 12 .” In the distant pre-digital past, women were 13 guardians of the family photo album. And even today, says Tiidenberg, a division of 14 labor endures within many families in our offline worlds: “Who remembers people’s birthdays, sends your mother a card and buys the Christmas presents?” The knowledge that I had also 15 responsibility for the online equivalent made me feel angry. 1．A．children B．work C．addiction D．hobbies 2．A．strange B．unnecessary C．possible D．natural 3．A．information B．development C．consideration D．comparison 4．A．reality B．remainder C．knowledge D．visibility 5．A．direction B．balance C．reason D．manner 6．A．techniques B．requirements C．procedures D．motivations 7．A．true B．correct C．simple D．vague 8．A．showing off B．taking on C．setting out D．looking aside 9．A．positions B．services C．ties D．aims 10．A．at the beginning B．in other words C．on the whole D．by contrast 11．A．preferences B．demands C．support D．search 12．A．unaware of B．afraid of C．present at D．good at 13．A．unusually B．doubtfully C．typically D．contrarily 14．A．emotional B．casual C．domestic D．physical 15．A．denied B．shifted C．assumed D．stressed 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．D 4．B 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．B 11．A 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者因发现自己80%的Instagram照片是孩子，而丈夫仅25%，经专家分析，得知男女使用社交媒体动机不同，女性更倾向借此维护社交关系，这让承担线上情感劳动的作者很愤怒。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我算了一下，我所发布的照片中，超过80%都是关于我孩子的。A. children孩子；B. work工作；C. addiction上瘾；D. hobbies爱好。根据后文“If social websites are for a simple game of showing off, these two are clearly my pride.”及“he loves the kids no less than I do”可知，“these two”指作者的孩子，由此可知，此处是指发布关于孩子的照片。故选A。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从某种意义上说，这似乎是很自然的事情。A. strange奇怪的；B. unnecessary不必要的；C. possible可能的；D. natural自然的。根据后文“If social websites are for a simple game of showing off, these two are clearly my pride.”可知，作者认为如果社交网站是用来炫耀的，那么晒孩子是“自然的”，因为孩子是她的骄傲。natural（自然的）符合语义。故选D。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，接下来我查看了我丈夫的帖子以作对比。A. information信息；B. development发展；C. consideration考虑；D. comparison对比。根据后文“In real life, he loves the kids no less than I do. Yet between his two social website accounts, they featured in only about 25 per cent of his photos.(在现实生活中，他对孩子们的喜爱程度丝毫不亚于我。然而，在他的两个社交网站账号中，这些孩子出现在他的照片里的比例却只有约25%)”可知，作者查看丈夫的帖子是为了 “对比”。后文将丈夫和自己晒孩子的比例进行对比，故选D。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：剩余的部分被分为两部分：a）他设计的厨房；b）他购买的黑胶唱片（前者是他的工作成果，后者则是他的个人爱好）。A. reality现实；B. remainder剩余部分；C. knowledge知识；D. visibility能见度。根据上文“In real life, he loves the kids no less than I do. Yet between his two social website accounts, they featured in only about 25 per cent of his photos.(在现实生活中，他对孩子们的喜爱程度丝毫不亚于我。然而，在他的两个社交网站账号中，这些孩子出现在他的照片里的比例却只有约25%)”可知，丈夫的帖子中，除 25% 晒孩子外，“剩余部分”是厨房设计和黑胶唱片。故选B。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们在网络上展现的自我所体现的平衡却截然不同。A. direction方向；B. balance平衡；C. reason理由；D. manner礼貌。根据上文“they featured in only about 25 per cent of his photos”以及“80 per cent of the photos I had posted featured my”可知，尽管现实中夫妻分担工作和育儿的比例相当，但线上呈现的“平衡”却不同。balance（平衡）指晒孩子与其他内容的比例，符合语境。故选B。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：塔林大学社交媒体与视觉文化专业的副教授卡特琳·蒂伊德贝格正在出版一本名为《性与社交媒体》的新书。她表示，这是因为男性和女性在社交媒体上分享信息时往往有着不同的动机。A. techniques技术；B. requirements要求；C. procedures程序；D. motivations动机。根据后文“When my husband posted a photo of Bruce Springsteen’s Nebraska on vinyl, his aim was”可知，丈夫和作者发动态的目的是不同的。故选D。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：据蒂德内伯格所述，我丈夫发布那张布鲁斯·斯普林斯汀的《内布拉斯加》（以黑胶唱片形式发行）的照片时，其目的很简单。A. true真的；B. correct正确的；C. simple简单的；D. vague模糊的。根据后文“As the words on his post suggested, he mainly wanted the world to know that the 1982 album is: “so good”.(正如他在帖子中所写的内容所示，他主要想让全世界都知道这张 1982 年发行的专辑是：“非常出色”。)”可知，丈夫发黑胶唱片的目的“简单”，只是想表达“专辑很棒”。故选C。 8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我上传了一张我们女儿身着奇装异服正在吃鱼形饼干的照片时，没错，我这么做显然是在炫耀。A. showing off炫耀；B. taking on承担；C. setting out出发；D. looking aside别在意，无视。前文提到社交网站是“showing off”的平台，且“hoping her star quality might reflect on me”体现炫耀心理，故选A。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但蒂伊登贝格表示：“女性通常会将社交媒体当作一种工具，来维持她们的人际关系。”A. positions位置；B. services服务；C. ties结，联系；D. aims目标。根据后文“It can, meanwhile, say: “Hello godmother, who we feel guilty for cancelling on the other day”, “Hello cousins, who are now in Australia and feel a little disconnected...”(与此同时，它还可以这样表达：“亲爱的教母，对于前几天的失约之举，我感到十分愧疚”，“亲爱的堂兄弟们，你们现在在澳大利亚，而我却感觉与你们有些疏远……”)”提到发动态时会考虑教母、表亲等关系可知，女性将社交媒体当作维持人际关系的工具。故选C。 10．考查介词短语辨析。句意：换言之，一张五岁小孩穿着奇装异服的照片，并非仅仅意味着：“真棒”。A. at the beginning一开始；B. in other words换句话说；C. on the whole总体而言；D. by contrast相比之下。根据后文“It can, meanwhile, say: “Hello godmother, who we feel guilty for cancelling on the other day”, “Hello cousins, who are now in Australia and feel a little disconnected...”(与此同时，它还可以这样表达：“亲爱的教母，对于前几天的失约之举，我感到十分愧疚”，“亲爱的堂兄弟们，你们现在在澳大利亚，而我却感觉与你们有些疏远……”)”可知，“五岁孩子穿华丽服装的照片”换句话说，不仅是“很棒”，还隐含对他人的问候。in other words（换句话说）用于解释深层含义。故选B。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：蒂迪内伯格特意强调，她“并未对男女对于这两种内容类型的偏好做出任何本质主义的论断”。A. preferences偏爱；B. demands要求；C. support支持；D. search搜索。根据上文“she’s “not making any essentialist argument” about women and men’s”可知，Tiidenberg强调不讨论男女对内容的“偏好”本质差异。preferences（偏好）指对不同内容的倾向，符合语境。故选A。 12．考查固定短语辨析。句意：相反，她认为，一直以来，女性都被教导要负责建立和管理自己的社交网络：“她们被告知这正是她们擅长的领域。”A. unaware of不知道；B. afraid of害怕；C. present at出席；D. good at擅长。根据上文“they’re trained to take responsibility”推知，此处指女性被告知自己擅长社交网络。故选D。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在遥远的数字化之前的时代，女性通常是家庭相册的保管者。A. unusually不寻常的；B. doubtfully怀疑地；C. typically典型地；D. contrarily相反地。根据后文“guardians of the family photo album”可知，在数字时代前，女性“通常”是家庭相册的守护者。typically（通常地）体现传统性别角色，与后文“even today”的延续性呼应。故选C。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：蒂德内伯格表示，即便在当下，这种情感劳动的分担现象在我们现实世界的家庭中依然存在：“谁会记得别人的生日、给母亲送贺卡以及购买圣诞礼物呢？”A. emotional情感的；B. casual随意的；C. domestic国内的，家用的；D. physical身体的。根据后文“Who remembers people’s birthdays, sends your mother a card and buys the Christmas presents?”可知，家庭中“情感”劳动的分工持续存在，如记生日、寄卡片等。emotional labor（情感劳动）为固定搭配，指维系人际关系的情感付出。故选A。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：而我意识到自己还得承担起线上版的相关职责这一事实，却让我感到十分愤怒。A. denied否认；B. shifted转换；C. assumed认为；D. stressed强调。根据后文“responsibility for the online equivalent made me feel angry”可知，作者意识到自己“承担”了线上情感劳动的责任而感到愤怒。assume responsibility（承担责任）为固定搭配。故选C。 Passage 3 (24-25高二下·上海华东师范大学第二附属中学·期中) Real Life, Great Stories With any kind of writing, it can be difficult to decide what should go in and what should be left out. However, when you are telling stories from real life — creative 1 — that task becomes even harder because your source material is vast and complicated. Having decided the story you want to tell, it’s all too 2 to drift from the narrative path or to slow the pace by adding too much detail and description, so that you risk losing the reader. 3 , when it comes to redrafting, you may have to be particularly brutal (直截了当的) in killing your darlings. “Killing your darlings” means cutting any 4 material, from words and sentences to complete scenes, and it’s hard because these will often be parts you have put great time, thought and care into crafting. Arthur Quiller-Couch 5 the phrase in his 1916 book On the Art of Writing: If you here require a practical 6 of me, I will present you with this: “Whenever you feel an impulse to perpetrate (作) a piece of exceptionally fine writing, obey your impulse — whole-heartedly — and 7 it before sending your manuscript to press. Murder your darlings.” It helps if you come to redrafting with a 8 mindset, regarding it as an ongoing part of the creative process rather than a red-pen exercise. The other thing that helps is if you always save a copy of your current version before you start polishing it, then nothing is irrevocably (无法改变地) lost, and that frees you to 9 big changes in the creative spirit of play. With any kind of story, there are always 10 issues that need redrafting, because when you set out you don’t know exactly what the story will be. Fresh ideas come in along the way, and unexpected possibilities. As well as tightening the plot, sometimes a(n) 11 will emerge through the writing, so you gradually understand, ‘Ah — so this is what I’m writing about,’ and you will want to foreground that theme and cut parts that don’t 12 its development. When it comes to the 13 , the voice of the story develops and becomes stronger through the writing too, so on redrafting you will be looking at word and sentence level changes, especially in the early chapters. At the redrafting stage, you will have whole scenes that don’t develop the themes or don’t fit with voice of your story. You might be able to 14 them into a new book project or publish them on blogging platforms, but whatever happens to them, they have contributed to your experience and development as a writer. Let 15 go. 1．A．thinking B．sci-fi C．draft D．non-fiction 2．A．easy B．complicated C．appropriate D．late 3．A．For these reasons B．In spite of that C．By contrast D．For example 4．A．beloved B．delicate C．irrelevant D．offensive 5．A．simplified B．coined C．abandoned D．trialed 6．A．phrase B．sample C．lifestyle D．rule 7．A．revise B．conduct C．delete D．expose 8．A．contradictory B．neutral C．rebellious D．positive 9．A．experiment with B．substitute for C．impose on D．conflict with 10．A．unceasing B．structural C．literate D．grammatical 11．A．peak B．theme C．motivation. D．issue 12．A．contribute to B．result from C．dispose of D．slow down 13．A．literary fame B．text structure C．fine detail D．book review 14．A．reverse B．recycle C．ease D．divide 15．A．yourself B．him C．everything D．them 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在创作基于现实生活的故事时，决定故事内容和重写故事的相关要点，包括避免偏离叙事路径、删减无关内容、以积极心态重写、处理结构问题、突出主题以及舍弃不适合的部分等。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，当你讲述来自现实生活的故事——创造性的非虚构作品时——这项任务变得更加困难，因为你的素材广阔而复杂。A. thinking思考；B. sci-fi科幻小说；C. draft草稿；D. non-fiction非虚构作品。根据上文“telling stories from real life”可知，上文提到了讲述的是基于现实生活的故事，也就是非虚构作品，故选D项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你决定了你想讲述的故事后，很容易偏离叙事路径，或者通过添加过多的细节和描述来放慢节奏，这样你就有可能失去读者。A. easy容易的；B. complicated复杂的；C. appropriate合适的；D. late晚的。根据下文“drift from the narrative path or to slow the pace by adding too much detail and description, so that you risk losing the reader”可知，添加过多细节和描述导致可能失去读者，说明偏离叙事路径是很容易发生的，故选A项。 3．考查介词短语辨析。句意：出于这些原因，当涉及到重写时，你可能不得不直截了当地删掉你心爱的内容。A. For these reasons出于这些原因；B. In spite of that尽管那样；C. By contrast相比之下；D. For example例如。根据上文“it’s all too… to drift from the narrative path or to slow the pace by adding too much detail and description, so that you risk losing the reader”以及下文“when it comes to redrafting, you may have to be particularly brutal (直截了当的) in killing your darlings”可知，上文说的是添加过多细节和描述导致可能失去读者，下文说的是当涉及到重写时，你可能不得不直截了当地删掉你心爱的内容，上下文之间为因果关系，上文为原因，下文为结果，故选A项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“杀掉你心爱的内容”意味着删除任何无关的素材，从单词和句子到完整的场景，这很难，因为这些往往是你投入了大量时间、思考和精力去构思的部分。A. beloved心爱的；B. delicate精致的；C. irrelevant无关的；D. offensive冒犯的。根据下文“from words and sentences to complete scenes, and it’s hard because these will often be parts you have put great time, thought and care into crafting”可知，下文提到了从单词和句子到完整的场景，还提到了做这件事很难，因为这些往往是你投入了大量时间、思考和精力去构思的部分，可推理出这里说的是删除与故事无关的内容，故选C项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：亚瑟・奎勒 - 库奇在他1916年的《写作的艺术》一书中创造了这个短语：如果你在这里需要我给出一个实用的规则，我会告诉你这个：“每当你有冲动创作出一段特别精彩的文字时，全心全意地听从你的冲动 —— 并且在将手稿付印之前删掉它。杀掉你心爱的内容。”A. simplified简化；B. coined创造；C. abandoned放弃；D. trialed试验。根据下文“the phrase”以及“in his 1916 book On the Art of Writing”可知，下文提到了短语，还提到了1916年的《写作的艺术》这本书，可推理出此处说的是亚瑟・奎勒 - 库奇在他1916年的《写作的艺术》一书中创造了这个短语，故选B项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同第5题。A. phrase短语；B. sample样本；C. lifestyle生活方式；D. rule规则。根据“Whenever you feel an impulse to perpetrate (作) a piece of exceptionally fine writing, obey your impulse — whole-heartedly — and...it before sending your manuscript to press. Murder your darlings.”可知，这是亚瑟・奎勒 - 库奇给出的一个实用的规则，故选D项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同第5题。A. revise修改；B. conduct实施；C. delete删除；D. expose暴露。根据上文“‘Killing your darlings’ means cutting any…material”以及“before sending your manuscript to press. Murder your darlings”可知，上文提到了“Killing your darlings”的意思是删掉材料，下文说的是在把手稿送印之前，而且又一次提到了“Killing your darlings”，可推理出这里说的是在付印之前删掉一些内容，故选C项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你以积极的心态进行重写，把它看作是创作过程中持续的一部分，而不是一次用红笔批改的练习，这会很有帮助。A. contradictory矛盾的；B. neutral中立的；C. rebellious叛逆的；D. positive积极的。根据“regarding it as an ongoing part of the creative process rather than a red-pen exercise”可知，把重写看作创作过程的一部分，这种心态是积极的，故选D项。 9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：另一件有帮助的事情是，在你开始润色之前，总是保存一份当前版本的副本，这样就没有什么会不可挽回地丢失，这让你能够以创作的精神尝试重大改变。A. experiment with尝试；B. substitute for代替；C. impose on强加于；D. conflict with与……冲突。根据下文“big changes in the creative spirit of play”可知，下文提到了重大改变，还提到了以创作的精神，可推理出此处说的是保存副本后可以自由地尝试一些重大改变，故选A项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于任何一种故事，总是存在结构问题需要重写，因为当你开始时，你并不确切知道这个故事将会是什么样的。A. unceasing不断的；B. structural结构的；C. literate有读写能力的；D. grammatical语法的。根据“because when you set out you don’t know exactly what the story will be. Fresh ideas come in along the way, and unexpected possibilities”可知，开始时不确定故事内容，过程中有新想法和可能性，所以会存在结构问题需要重写，故选B项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了收紧情节外，有时在写作过程中会出现一个主题，所以你会逐渐明白，“啊——所以这就是我正在写的内容”，并且你会想要突出这个主题，删掉那些对其发展没有贡献的部分。A. peak顶峰；B. theme主题；C. motivation动机；D. issue问题。根据下文“so you gradually understand, ‘Ah — so this is what I’m writing about,’ and you will want to foreground that theme”可知，下文提到了你在写作过程中会逐渐发现你真正想要写的东西，且想要突出这个主题，可推理出此处说的是有时在写作过程中会出现一个主题，故选B项。 12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：同第11题。A. contribute to有助于；B. result from由……引起；C. dispose of处理；D. slow down放慢速度。根据上文“cut parts”以及下文“its development”可知，上文说的是删除部分，下文说的是主体发展，可推理出此处说的是要删掉对主题发展没有帮助的部分，故选A项。 13．考查名词短语辨析。句意：当涉及到细节时，故事的风格也会在写作过程中发展并变得更强，所以在重写时，你会关注单词和句子层面的变化，尤其是在早期章节中。A. literary fame文学声誉；B. text structure文本结构；C. fine detail细节；D. book review书评。根据下文“you will be looking at word and sentence level changes, especially in the early chapters”可知，下文说的是你会关注单词和句子层面的变化，尤其是在早期章节中，可推理出这里说的是关注单词和句子层面的变化，也就是细节方面，故选C项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你也许能够将它们回收利用到一个新的书籍项目中，或者在博客平台上发表它们，但无论它们的命运如何，它们都为你作为一名作家的经验和发展做出了贡献。A. reverse颠倒；B. recycle回收利用；C. ease减轻；D. divide划分。根据上文“At the redrafting stage, you will have whole scenes that don’t develop the themes or don’t fit with voice of your story”以及下文“into a new book project or publish them on blogging platforms”可知，上文说的是在重写阶段，你会有一些完整的场景，这些场景既无法推动主题发展，也与你故事的风格不相符，下文说的是新的书籍项目中，或者在博客平台上发表它们，可推理出此处说的是你也许能够将它们回收利用到一个新的书籍项目中，或者在博客平台上发表它们，故选B项。 15．考查代词词义辨析。句意：让它们去吧。A. yourself你自己；B. him他；C. everything一切；D. them它们。根据上文“At the redrafting stage, you will have whole scenes that don’t develop the themes or don’t fit with voice of your story”可知，上文说的是在重写阶段，你会有一些完整的场景，这些场景既无法推动主题发展，也与你故事的风格不相符。再根据上文“but whatever happens to them, they have contributed to your experience and development as a writer.”可知，上文提到无论他们遭遇了什么，他们都为你的写作经验积累和个人发展做出了贡献，可推理出这里说的是让那些既无法推动主题发展，也与你故事的风格不相符的场景过去，故选D项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 (24-25·高二下·复旦大学附属中学·期中) Most people don’t think too much about chemicals around us, but actually they are all around us. Many substances 1 chemicals, including the air that we breathe and the water that we drink. Some chemicals are natural, but most of them are 2 and may be harmful to the human body.   In 2005, Hurricane Katrina struck the United States and destroyed hundreds of thousands of homes, so displaced people had to move into temporary housing. Later, some of them began experiencing headaches and nosebleeds due to formaldehyde (甲醛) 3 .   This strong chemical is commonly found in the glue that holds many household products and presses wood furniture together. It has been classified as a carcinogen (致癌物) since 2011 and has been   4 to an increase in asthma and other diseases in children. It has also been   5 as a poisonous chemical in China.   6 , there is another choice: natural glues. In particular, ones made from soy proteins that have been modified to 7 the protein some shellfish use to stick to rocks. A natural glue is now widely used in composite (合成的) wood products in the U.S. Other companies are also developing more natural 8 to dangerous industrial chemicals. This is a part of the Green Chemistry philosophy.   Green Chemistry is a way of rethinking how to develop products and processes that are more environmentally friendly, better for people’s health and yet are economically 9 . That includes reducing processing waste, using renewable materials and lessening the energy required to manufacture products. The Principles of Green Chemistry 10 the goals of this approach to chemical research and the chemical industry. The first is prevention. It is better to prevent waste than to 11 it or clean it up. Another principle encourages less hazardous chemical mixture. Chemical reactions should be designed to be as safe as possible. Energy 12 is encouraged as well as using chemicals made from renewable plant-based sources rather than petrochemical ones. Attention also needs to be paid to monitoring pollution in real time and choosing and developing chemical procedures that are safer and that 13 the risk of accidents.   There are 14 in meeting and holding to the principles of Green Chemistry, but this will stimulate new research and inspire the discovery of new chemistry. Green Chemistry can decrease pollution and increase the 15 development of the earth, thus improving the quality of life for humans and animals for years to come. 1．A．make up for B．serve as C．match with D．consist of 2．A．artificial B．changeable C．distinct D．everlasting 3．A．consumption B．exposure C．infection D．pressure 4．A．applied B．linked C．committed D．subjected 5．A．eliminated B．criticized C．regulated D．measured 6．A．Besides B．Therefore C．However D．Meanwhile 7．A．assemble B．signify C．produce D．resemble 8．A．representatives B．alternatives C．portions D．methods 9．A．profitable B．traceable C．feasible D．available 10．A．lay out B．appeal to C．depend on D．go over 11．A．collect B．select C．treat D．suspect 12．A．security B．efficiency C．objectivity D．variety 13．A．highlight B．identity C．evaluate D．minimize 14．A．advantages B．requirements C．oppositions D．challenges 15．A．accessible B．invisible C．sustainable D．agreeable 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．C 6．C 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．D 14．D 15．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为了减少有毒化学物质对人体的危害，绿色化学致力于使用由可再生植物来源而非石化来源制成的化学品，减少化学物质的危害，促进可持续发展。 1．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：许多物质由化学物质组成，包括我们呼吸的空气和饮用的水。A. make up for弥补；B. serve as充当；C. match with与……相配；D. consist of由……组成。根据句中“the air that we breathe and the water that we drink”和生活常识可知，我们呼吸的空气和饮用的水是由化学物质组成的，由此可知，许多物质由化学物质组成。故选D项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有些化学物质是天然的，但大多数是人造的，可能对人体有害。A. artificial人造的；B. changeable易变的；C. distinct不同的；D. everlasting永久的。根据句中“…may be harmful to the human body”和生活常识可知，对人体有害的应该是人造的化学物质。故选A项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，他们中的一些人开始因遭受甲醛而头痛和流鼻血。A. consumption消费；B. exposure遭受；C. infection传染；D. pressure压力。根据上文“temporary housing”可知，人们搬进了临时住房，由此可知，他们遭受甲醛污染，导致头痛和流鼻血。故选B项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自2011年以来，它被列为致癌物质，并与儿童哮喘和其他疾病的增加有关。A. applied应用；B. linked相关联；C. committed承诺；D. subjected服从于。根据句中“It has been classified as a carcinogen (致癌物) since 2011”可知，甲醛被列为致癌物质，由此可知，它对人身体有害，与儿童哮喘和其他疾病的增加有关。故选B项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在中国，它也被规定为有毒化学品。A. eliminated淘汰；B. criticized批评；C. regulated规定；D. measured测量。根据上文“It has been classified as a carcinogen (致癌物) since 2011”可知，甲醛被列为致癌物质，由此可知，考虑到它的危害，在中国，它也被规定为有毒化学品。故选C项。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，还有另一种选择：天然胶水。A. Besides此外；B. Therefore因此；C. However然而；D. Meanwhile同时。根据上文“This strong chemical is commonly found in the glue that holds many household products and presses wood furniture together.”和句中“natural glues”可知，上下文为转折关系，人造胶水有毒，然而，还可以选择无毒的天然胶水。故选C项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：特别是，由大豆蛋白制成的蛋白质经过修饰，类似于一些贝类用来粘在岩石上的蛋白质。A. assemble集合；B. signify代表；C. produce生产；D. resemble类似于。根据上文“natural glues”可知，这种由大豆蛋白制成的蛋白质起到自然胶水的用途，由此可知，它类似于一些贝类用来粘在岩石上的蛋白质。故选D项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他公司也在开发更天然的危险工业化学品的替代品。A. representatives代表；B. alternatives替代品；C. portions部分；D. methods方法。根据上文“natural glues”可知，上文列举了天然胶水代替人工胶水的例子，由此可知，句中指开发更天然的危险工业化学品的替代品。故选B项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：绿色化学是一种重新思考如何开发更环保、更有益于人们健康、在经济上可行的产品和工艺的方法。A. profitable盈利的；B. traceable可追溯的；C. feasible可行的；D. available可获得的。根据下文“lessening the energy required to manufacture products”可知，绿色化学旨在减少制造产品所需的能源，由此可知，绿色化学在经济上也是可行的。故选C项。 10．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：《绿色化学原理》阐述了这种化学研究和化学工业方法的目标。A. lay out阐述；B. appeal to呼吁；C. depend on依靠；D. go over仔细检查。根据下文“The first is prevention.”可知，下文介绍了预防是化学研究和化学工业方法的目标，由此可知，《绿色化学原理》阐述了这种化学研究和化学工业方法的目标。故选A项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与其处理或清理废物，不如防止废物。A. collect收集；B. select选择；C. treat处理；D. suspect怀疑。根据下文“clean it up”可知，我们惯常对待废物的方法，要么是处理废物，要么是清理废物。故选C项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：鼓励提高能源效率，并使用由可再生植物来源而非石化来源制成的化学品。A. security安全；B. efficiency效率；C. objectivity客观性；D. variety多样化。根据句中“...using chemicals made from renewable plant-based sources rather than petrochemical ones”可知，句中介绍了环保的制造化学品的方法，由此可知，我们应该提高能源效率，这样能够节约能源，更加环保。故选B项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：还需要注意实时监测污染，选择和开发更安全、使事故风险最小化的化学程序。A. highlight突出；B. identity身份；C. evaluate评价；D. minimize使最小化。根据句中“the risk of accidents”和生活常识可知，我们要开发使事故风险最小化的化学程序。故选D项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在满足和坚持绿色化学的原则方面存在挑战，但这将刺激新的研究并激发新化学的发现。A. advantages优点；B. requirements要求；C. oppositions反对；D. challenges挑战。根据句中“but this will stimulate new research and inspire the discovery of new chemistry”可知，刺激新的研究的应该是我们面对的挑战。故选D项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：绿色化学可以减少污染，促进地球的可持续发展，从而在未来几年改善人类和动物的生活质量。A. accessible可使用的；B. invisible看不见的；C. sustainable可持续的；D. agreeable令人愉快的。根据上文“Energy ___12__ is encouraged as well as using chemicals made from renewable plant-based sources rather than petrochemical ones.”可知，绿色化学使用可再生植物来源，由此可知，它促进了地球的可持续发展。故选C项。 Passage 2 (24-25高二下·上海浦东新区·期中) The Hidden Costs of Overconsumption It’s that time of year again: when people line up at stores to get the best deals on everything imaginable, and retailers (零售商) pull out all the stops to get us to buy more and more. Often, this shopping is 1 : gifts for loved ones, festive decorations, and discounted essentials. However, this continuous urge to shop during the holiday season is costing us more than just our 2 . Overconsumption refers to excessively purchasing and using goods or resources beyond what is 3 to live comfortably. It’s a problem common to developed nations. For instance, between Thanksgiving and New Year’s Day, Americans produce 25% more waste than usual, sending a(n) 4 one million tons per week to landfills. If everyone were to 5 as much as Americans do, we would need the resources from over 5 Earths to sustain that rate of consumption. And according to the statistical chart below, there is a(n) 6 relationship between income level and carbon emissions. It takes a lot of resources and money to 7 the global rate of consumption. Nearly half of all US greenhouse gas emissions are associated with the energy used to 8 , process, transport, and dispose of our goods and food. On a global scale, we are 9 the planet’s resources 1.7 times faster than it can regenerate. If everyone began emitting as much carbon dioxide as the world’s wealthiest 1%, the remaining carbon 10 would be gone in fewer than five months. So, what are the 11 costs of overconsumption? Pollution, resource reduction, greenhouse gas emissions, rising prices, and so much more. 12 , with all this being said, nobody expects everyone to just stop shopping entirely during the holiday season. My 13 is that you think about your individual impact before you shop, now more than ever. By making adjustments to our individual shopping behavior, we can 14 reduce our environmental impact. Locally-owned shops tend to have lower carbon footprints than larger corporations. They also allow you to support the local economy while strengthening community resilience. If you have the 15 , make a meaningful impact this holiday season by choosing to shop small and support local organizations. Happy Holidays! 1．A．easily-prepared B．largely-unnecessary C．highly-thoughtless D．well-intentioned 2．A．emotion B．money C．devotion D．fate 3．A．sufficient B．optional C．necessary D．preferable 4．A．extraordinary B．passive C．controversial D．additional 5．A．consume B．waste C．pollute D．regulate 6．A．indirect B．mysterious C．positive D．encouraging 7．A．give rise to B．keep up with C．cut down on D．run out of 8．A．purchase B．produce C．eliminate D．store 9．A．exploiting B．distributing C．loosening D．absorbing 10．A．dioxide B．budget C．footprint D．emission 11．A．subtle B．environmental C．economic D．hidden 12．A．However B．What’s more C．Similarly D．For example 13．A．proposal B．assumption C．question D．property 14．A．collectively B．rarely C．humbly D．occasionally 15．A．status B．version C．maturity D．opportunity 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．B 9．A 10．B 11．D 12．A 13．A 14．A 15．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了过度消费对环境和资源造成的负面影响，并呼吁人们在购物时考虑个人行为对环境的影响，支持本地购物以减少环境足迹。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常，这种购物是出于好意的：给所爱的人买礼物，节日装饰品和打折的必需品。A. easily-prepared容易准备的；B. largely-unnecessary很大程度上不必要的；C. highly-thoughtless欠考虑的；D. well-intentioned出于好意的。根据下文“gifts for loved ones, festive decorations, and discounted essentials”可知，这些购物的目的是好的，是有意义的。故选D。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在假期里这种持续购物的冲动让我们付出的不仅仅是金钱。A. emotion情感；B. money金钱；C. devotion奉献；D. fate命运。根据上文“this shopping”可知，购物需要花钱。故选B。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：过度消费是指过度购买和使用超出舒适生活所需的商品或资源。A. sufficient足够的；B. optional可选择的；C. necessary必要的；D. preferable更可取的。根据下文“For instance, between Thanksgiving and New Year’s Day, Americans produce 25% more waste than usual, sending a(n) 　　4　　 one million tons per week to landfills.”可知，购买和使用超出舒适生活所必需的东西。故选C。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，从感恩节到元旦，美国人产生的垃圾比平时多25%，每周额外向垃圾填埋场输送100万吨垃圾。A. extraordinary非凡的；B. passive被动的；C. controversial有争议的；D. additional额外的。根据上文“produce 25% more waste than usual”可知，是比平时多产生的垃圾，也就是额外的垃圾。故选D。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果每个人都像美国人一样消费，我们需要5个地球以上的资源来维持这种消费速度。A. consume消费；B. waste浪费；C. pollute污染；D. regulate调节。根据上文“Overconsumption refers to excessively purchasing and using goods or resources beyond what is 　　3　　 to live comfortably.”可知，文章主要讲的是过度消费的问题，这里说的是如果每个人都像美国人那样消费。故选A。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据下面的统计图表，收入水平和碳排放之间存在着正相关关系。A. indirect间接的；B. mysterious神秘的；C. positive积极的；D. encouraging鼓舞人心的。根据下文“If everyone began emitting as much carbon dioxide as the world’s wealthiest 1%, the remaining carbon...”和图表内容可知，收入高的人群碳排放也高，所以是正相关关系。故选C。 7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：要跟上全球消费速度需要大量的资源和金钱。A. give rise to引起；B. keep up with跟上；C. cut down on减少；D. run out of用完。根据“Nearly half of all US greenhouse gas emissions are associated with the energy used to 　　8　　, process, transport, and dispose of our goods and food.”可知，为了满足全球的消费，需要很多资源和资金，也就是要跟上消费速度。故选B。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：近一半的美国温室气体排放与用于生产、加工、运输和处理我们的商品和食品的能源有关。A. purchase购买；B. produce生产；C. eliminate消除；D. store储存。根据下文“process, transport, and dispose of our goods and food”可知，这里是按照商品和食品从生产到处理的过程。故选B。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在全球范围内，我们开发地球资源的速度比地球再生的速度快1.7倍。A. exploiting开发，利用；B. distributing分配；C. loosening放松；D. absorbing吸收。根据下文“the planet’s resources 1.7 times faster than it can regenerate.”可知，开发地球资源的速度比地球再生的速度快1.7倍。故选A。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果每个人都开始像世界上最富有的1%的人那样排放二氧化碳，那么剩余的碳预算将在不到5个月的时间内耗尽。A. dioxide二氧化物；B. budget预算；C. footprint足迹；D. emission排放。根据上文“If everyone began emitting as much carbon dioxide as the world’s wealthiest 1%”可知，“carbon budget”指碳预算，即允许排放的碳总量，这里是说按照这种排放速度，碳预算会很快用完。故选B。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那么，过度消费的隐藏成本是什么呢？A. subtle微妙的；B. environmental环境的；C. economic经济的；D. hidden隐藏的。文章标题是“The Hidden Costs of Overconsumption”，这里承接上文，问过度消费的隐性成本。故选D。 12．考查副词和固定短语辨析。句意：然而，尽管如此，没有人期望大家在假期完全停止购物。A. However然而；B. What’s more此外；C. Similarly类似地；D. For example例如。前面说过度消费有很多成本，这里说不期望完全停止购物，是转折关系，“However”符合语境。故选A。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的建议是，现在比以往任何时候都更重要的是，在你购物之前考虑一下你个人的影响。A. proposal建议；B. assumption假设；C. question问题；D. property财产。根据下文“you think about your individual impact before you shop, now more than ever”可知，这里是作者给出的建议。故选A。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：通过调整我们个人的购物行为，我们可以共同减少对环境的影响。A. collectively共同地；B. rarely很少地；C. humbly谦逊地；D. occasionally偶尔。根据下文“reduce our environmental impact”可知，这里说的是大家一起调整购物行为，共同减少对环境的影响。故选A。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你有机会，在这个假期通过选择小商店购物和支持当地组织来产生有意义的影响。A. status地位；B. version版本；C. maturity成熟；D. opportunity机会。根据下文“make a meaningful impact this holiday season by choosing to shop small and support local organizations”可知，如果有机会就选择在小商店购物支持当地组织。故选D。 Passage 3 (24-25高二下·上海交通大学附属中学·期中) Burning oil, gas, and coal — literal fossil fuels, made from the compressed remains of ancient plants and plankton — has released carbon into Earth’s atmosphere, where it traps heat and alters the climate. That 1 has caused massive destruction and loss of life, and it will continue to do so. As a result, carbon came to be seen as something to “fight,” and “capture.” Nevertheless, Paul Hawken, the author of the new book Carbon: The Book of Life, argues that such carbon-reduction movement is thinking about its work, and messaging, all 2 . “Those who call carbon a pollutant might want to lay down their word processor,” Hawken writes. Carbon, he notes, is after all the building block of life, the animating force behind trees, rhinos, eyelashes, hormones, bamboo, and so much more. Without it, Earth would just be a lonely, dead rock. So much for decarbonizing. Hawken has come to believe that treating carbon as something to tackle and reduce not only reflects the same mindset that caused unnecessary climate anxiety in the first place, but also further 3 people from the living world. There is no “climate crisis,” he argues, but a crisis of human thinking and behavior that’s degrading the soil, 4 entire species, and changing the weather faster than people can adapt. “From a planetary view,” he writes in Carbon, “the warming atmosphere is a response, an adjustment, a teaching.” The book records a 5 in his thinking. In 2017, Hawken published Drawdown: The Most Comprehensive Plan Ever Proposed to Reverse Global Warming, a book that ranked 100 climate solutions by how much they could reduce carbon emissions, from refrigerant leaks to food waste. The nonprofit Project Drawdown, which he launched, continues to 6 these kinds of fixes around the world. But now, Hawken is forgoing straightforward metrics to focus on what he sees as a deeper cultural problem. “The living world is a complex interactive system and doesn’t lend itself to 7 solutions,” he said, “we need to conduct more in-depth analysis”. The new book frames carbon as a flow — a 8 that moves through the atmosphere, oceans, soil, with the element 9 by growing plants during daytime and exhaled back out through every animal breath. Hawken’s book is a lesson in what’s sometimes called “unlearning,” or letting go of old assumptions, like the idea that nature is something to fix or 10 . The book explores ways to repair a broken relationship with the natural world, drawing inspiration from indigenous cultures and new scientific discoveries. Hawken 11 at how much remains unknown about carbon, which he calls with awe “the most mysterious element of all.” The book’s poetic language offers a stark contrast to the warlike terms climate advocates tend to use to describe carbon. Hawken argues that the typical metaphors of those advocates are not only 12 — how exactly do you battle an element? — but also provide fuel for unfair narratives of carbon. Last week, E&E News reported that the administration is planning a federal report making the case that a warming world would be a good thing, a pretext for 13 climate regulations. “Carbon dioxide is not an evil gas,” David Legates, a former Trump official, said in a recent video put out by the Heartland Institute, a conservative think tank. “ 14 , it’s a gas beneficial to life on Earth. It’ll increase temperatures slightly, and warmer temperatures are certainly better than colder temperatures.” Hawken wants a broad shift in how people talk about the natural world, though, not just a rethinking of the climate movement’s metaphors. He points out that the terms used in scientific reports and global climate conferences creates a sense of detachment that 15 the living things it refers to. Hawken describes the word “biodiversity” as just “a bloodless term”. While Hawken’s radical opinions have gained some followers, they have sparkled greater criticism and doubt in the whole society. 1．A．progress B．domain C．liberation D．process 2．A．groundless B．valid C．precise D．distinctive 3．A．assimilate B．distance C．bond D．release 4．A．living off B．accounting for C．contributing to D．wiping out 5．A．shift B．dimension C．sophistication D．integrity 6．A．generate B．implement C．motion D．flutter 7．A．inevitable B．simple C．navigable D．intricate 8．A．motive B．friction C．ritual D．cycle 9．A．released B．absorbed C．transformed D．formatted 10．A．control B．admire C．facilitate D．quantify 11．A．targets B．revolves C．marvels D．rebels 12．A．inaccurate B．exact C．insightful D．virtuous 13．A．intensifying B．reinforcing C．formulating D．weakening 14．A．Subsequently B．Furthermore C．Consequently D．Rather 15．A．dulls B．invigorates C．enlightens D．restrains 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．D 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．A 13．D 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了对碳认知的转变及引发的争议。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那个过程已经造成了巨大的破坏和生命损失，并且还将继续如此。A. progress进步；B. domain领域；C. liberation解放；D. process过程。根据上文“Burning oil, gas, and coal — literal fossil fuels, made from the compressed remains of ancient plants and plankton — has released carbon into Earth’s atmosphere, where it traps heat and alters the climate.”可知，燃烧化石燃料释放碳到大气中，进而改变气候，这是一个过程，那个过程已经造成了巨大的破坏和生命损失。故选D。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，新书《碳：生命之书》的作者保罗·霍肯认为，这种碳减排运动对其工作和信息传递的思考方式都是毫无根据的。A. groundless毫无根据的；B. valid有效的；C. precise精确的；D. distinctive独特的。根据下文““Those who call carbon a pollutant might want to lay down their word processor,” Hawken writes. Carbon, he notes, is after all the building block of life, the animating force behind trees, rhinos, eyelashes, hormones, bamboo, and so much more. Without it, Earth would just be a lonely, dead rock. So much for decarbonizing.”可知，霍肯写道：“那些把碳称为污染物的人或许应该放下手中的文字处理器了。” 他指出，碳毕竟是生命的基石，是树木、犀牛、睫毛、荷尔蒙、竹子以及众多其他生命背后的赋予生机的力量。没有了碳，地球就只会是一块孤寂、毫无生气的岩石。所谓的去碳化也就不过如此罢了。霍肯认为将碳视为污染物是错误的，他觉得碳减排运动的思考和宣传是没有根据的。故选A。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：霍肯逐渐认为，把碳当作需要解决和减少的东西，不仅反映了最初导致不必要的气候焦虑的相同心态，而且进一步使人们远离了生物世界。A. assimilate同化；B. distance使疏远；C. bond结合；D. release释放。根据上文“treating carbon as something to tackle and reduce”以及下文“from the living world”可知，这里表示将碳视为敌人会让人们与自然世界更加疏远。故选B 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他认为，没有“气候危机”，而是人类思维和行为方式的危机，这种危机正在使土壤退化，使整个物种灭绝，并使天气变化比人们适应的速度更快。A. living off靠……生活；B. accounting for解释；C. contributing to有助于；D. wiping out消灭。根据上文“a crisis of human thinking and behavior that’s degrading the soil”以及下文“entire species”可知，人类的行为导致物种灭绝。故选D。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这本书记录了他思想的转变。A. shift转变；B. dimension维度；C. sophistication复杂；D. integrity完整。根据下文“In 2017, Hawken published Drawdown: The Most Comprehensive Plan Ever Proposed to Reverse Global Warming, a book that ranked 100 climate solutions by how much they could reduce carbon emissions, from refrigerant leaks to food waste. The nonprofit Project Drawdown, which he launched, continues to 　6　 these kinds of fixes around the world. But now, Hawken is forgoing straightforward metrics to focus on what he sees as a deeper cultural problem.”可知，从他之前出版的书关注碳减排到现在关注他认为更深层次的文化问题，体现了他思想的转变。故选A。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他发起的非营利组织“降排项目”继续在世界各地实施这些解决方案。A. generate产生；B. implement实施；C. motion提议；D. flutter飘动。根据上文“The nonprofit Project Drawdown, which he launched”以及下文“these kinds of fixes around the world”可知，这里指实施碳减排的解决方案。故选B。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“生物世界是一个复杂的交互系统，不适合简单的解决方案，”他说，“我们需要进行更深入的分析”。A. inevitable不可避免的；B. simple简单的；C. navigable可航行的；D. intricate复杂的。根据上文“The living world is a complex interactive system”可知，生物世界复杂，不适合简单的解决方案。故选B。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这本新书将碳描述为一种流动——一种在大气、海洋、土壤中循环的循环，这种元素在白天被生长的植物吸收，并通过每个动物的呼吸呼出。A. motive动机；B. friction摩擦；C. ritual仪式；D. cycle循环。根据下文“that moves through the atmosphere, oceans, soil”可知，碳在大气、海洋、土壤中循环。故选D。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这本新书将碳描述为一种流动 —— 一个在大气、海洋和土壤中循环的过程，在这个过程中，碳元素在白天被生长的植物吸收，然后通过每一个动物的呼吸又被排放回外界。A. released释放；B. absorbed吸收；C. transformed转变；D. formatted格式化。根据下文“by growing plants during daytime and exhaled back out through every animal breath”可知，植物在白天吸收碳。故选B。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：霍肯的书是一堂关于所谓“忘却”或放下旧假设的课程，比如自然是需要修复或控制的东西的想法。A. control控制；B. admire钦佩；C. facilitate促进；D. quantify量化。根据上文“letting go of old assumptions”以及下文“nature is something to fix”可知，旧假设认为自然是需要修复或控制的东西。故选A。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：霍肯惊讶于关于碳还有多少未知之处，他敬畏地称碳为 “所有元素中最神秘的元素”。A. targets瞄准；B. revolves旋转；C. marvels惊讶；D. rebels反抗。根据下文“at how much remains unknown about carbon”可知，这里表示霍肯对碳的神秘感到惊讶。故选C。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：霍肯认为，这些倡导者的典型隐喻不仅不准确——你如何与一种元素作战？——而且还为不公平的碳叙述提供了燃料。A. inaccurate不准确的；B. exact精确的；C. insightful有洞察力的；D. virtuous善良的。根据下文“how exactly do you battle an element?”可知，霍肯认为这些倡导者的典型隐喻不准确。故选A。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：上周，《能源与环境新闻》报道称，政府正在计划一份联邦报告，称气候变暖将是一件好事，这是为削弱气候法规找借口。A. intensifying强化；B. reinforcing加强；C. formulating制定；D. weakening削弱。根据上文“a warming world would be a good thing”可知，既然认为全球变暖是好事，那么就是为削弱气候法规找借口。故选D。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，它是一种对地球上生命有益的气体。A. Subsequently随后；B. Furthermore此外；C. Consequently因此；D. Rather相反。根据上文“Carbon dioxide is not an evil gas”以及下文“it’s a gas beneficial to life on Earth”可知，前后是相反的关系。故选D。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他指出，科学报告和全球气候会议中使用的术语造成了一种疏离感，使所涉及的生物变得不清晰。A. dulls使迟钝，变模糊；B. invigorates使振奋；C. enlightens启发；D. restrains限制。根据上文“creates a sense of detachment”和下文“the living things it refers to. Hawken describes the word “biodiversity” as just “a bloodless term”.”可知，霍肯形容“生物多样性” 这个词不过是个“冷冰冰的术语”。所以霍肯认为这种疏离感会让人们对生物的感知变得不清晰。故选A。 试卷第48页，共48页 试卷第47页，共48页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $