精品解析：上海市西郊学校2024-2025学年高二下学期期中测试英语试题

2024学年第一学期高二年级英语期中质量检测试卷 (时间90分钟) I. Listening Comprehension (11%) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. A housewife. B. A fashion model. C. A shirt designer. D. A shop assistant. 2. A. In a bank. B. In a school. C. In a travel agency. D. In a stock exchange. 3. A. It’s not good enough. B. It’s none of the woman’s business. C. It’s not true. D. It’s out of expectation. 4. A. He’s decided to try a new barbershop. B. The woman mistook him for another guy. C. A different person cut his hair this time. D. Another friend also commented on his hair. 5. A. The tipping rule in America. B. Important aspects in American culture. C. The general tax rate in America. D. Tips on understanding American culture. 6. A. She doesn’t know where it is. B. She’s angry with the man for forgetting it. C. She’d like the man to return it tomorrow. D. She didn’t realize the man had borrowed it. 7. A. Book a hotel on the campus. B. Reserve a hotel a little far away. C. Call the local hotels again a few days later. D. Ask her parents to come at a different weekend. 8. A. She took a history class last term. B. She doesn’t trust the man. C. She didn’t like her geography professor. D. She won’t take any history classes. 9. A. She doesn’t think it will snow. B. The meeting place has been changed. C. The meeting has been canceled. D. She’ll be to a tired to walk to the meeting. 10. A. He is not an experienced skier at all. B. He has never been to Central Mountain. C. He doesn’t plan to go skiing during spring breaks. D. He doesn’t recommend going to Central Mountain. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. The history of movie-popcorn relationship. B. The reasons for moviegoers loving popcorn. C. The functions of popcorn in movie-watching. D. The special smell of popcorn in movie theaters. 12. A. It was considered an unhealthy food. B. It could lower the movie ticket prices. C. It was unpopular with theater owners. D. It could spoil the luxurious atmosphere. 13. A. The higher reputation of popcorn. B. The increase of popcorn prices. C. The rise of less luxurious theaters. D. The improvement of popcorn smell. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Pearson’s publishing history and its future in the U. S. college market. B. Pearson’s plan to publish electronic books in the U. S. college market. C. The reasons for the drop of Pearson’s sales in the U. S. college market. D. The reaction of the U. S. college market to Pearson’s digital publishing. 15. A. Parts of Pearson have been sold. B. Pearson has been trying to save money. C. Some employees have left Pearson. D. Pearson’s new textbooks have been costly. 16. A. Their publishing time is more predictable. B. They are more adaptable than its printed ones. C. They will be updated more timely. D. Their extra learning tools will be free. Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Last August Susan and forty-two other students got wet and dirty while removing six tons of garbage ___1___ the river running across their city. They cleaned up the river as part of a weeklong environmental camp. Like one in three American rivers, this river ___2___ (pollute) so much that it’s unsafe for swimming or fishing. Still, Susan, who has just completed her third summer camp on the river cleanup, sees a change in this river. “Since we started three years ago, the river is getting a lot ___3___ (clean) ,” she says. Environmental scientists praise the teenagers for removing garbage ___4___ can harm wild life. Water birds, for example, can die of plastic bottle rings and get ___5___ (cut) by tiny metals. Three years ago, when the cleanup started, garbage was everywhere. But this year the teenagers ___6___ row their boats fast. By the end of the six-hour cleanup. they had removed enough garbage to fill more than two large trucks. “ ___7___ (see) what is left in the river makes people begin to care about environmental issues. ” Susan says. She hopes ___8___ when others read that, she and her peers care enough ___9___ (clean) it up, maybe they would think twice ___10___ they throw garbage into the river. Section B Directions: Complete the following sentences by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. firm B. devotion C. controversial D. irrelevant E. favoured F. imposed G. sorrow H. emphasis I. restricted J. distinction K. arose 11. Many people feel that the educational programs are too rigid and ___________, not allowing students to go beyond the curriculum. 12. Many people found Picasso’s style shocking and ___________, but others applauded his genius. 13. Given the ___________ on how actors move, Kun operas do not normally have complicated stage sets. 14. After the heavy rain and strong wind, there yet stood out against the brick wall one ___________ ivy leaf. 15. Conflict soon ___________ as new settlers took away the Aboriginal hunting grounds. 16. Despite Mozart’s hard work and ___________, his life had many ups and downs. 17. Mandela’s request was turned down which added to his ___________ that he was not able to bury his mother in person. 18. In the 1800s, Beijing opera slowly replaced Kun opera as the ___________ form of opera. 19. What students learn in college is ___________ to their daily challenges in life. 20. Education is what Native people have been doing for their children since the beginning of time, while school is something that has been ___________ on them from outside Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (32%) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Effective monitoring of endangered species is key to their survival. Studying the ___21___ range, and habits of wild animals is essential to ensure their habitat remains free from development and illegal hunters. Traditional methods of monitoring wild animals, especially large ones, include radio-tagging (无线电标记) . To do this, individual animals must at first be captured so that collars (颈圈) can be ___22___. One organization that ___23___ this technique was WildTrack. In the late 1990s, the team was using radio-collars to monitor black rhinos (犀牛) in Namibia. However, the team soon realized that the chemicals used to immobilize the rhino to fix the collars harmed female fertility. Not only that but also a large proportion of the radio-collars ___24___ within the first 6 months and had to be replaced. ___25___ as animals grew, the collars would tighten, annoying or even hurting them. The method was costly and had the unintended consequence of altering the rhinos’ behavior, making the collected data unreliable. At the same time, the team was working alongside local ___26___. Animal tracking is one of the oldest human skills, and these experts have years of experience in identifying individual animals by their footprints. They could effectively create a true picture of individual rhinos’ activities without the use of any invasive (侵入的) techniques. Consequently, the team were interested to know whether the trackers’ knowledge could be effectively translated into a computerized technique for monitoring animal movement. Within each species, each individual has its own unique foot ___27___. If an animal is sighted and identified just once, and the characteristics of its footprints are properly photographed and measured, its footprint can be ___28___ whenever it is sighted again. If that is done repeatedly, conservationists can draw up a database of all, or at least a significant proportion of the individuals within the population. After that, conservationists can use it to identify an animal and its movements by its print. The data gathered can be used for a range of ___29___, for example, to monitor biodiversity, WildTrack is currently using footprint identification technology in Greece to study the potential effect of a large highway construction through brown bear habitat. Identifying an animal from its footprint is not without its ____30____, however, as each time the individual places its foot on the ground, it leaves a slightly different track, according to the ground type, moisture (湿度) , and movement. To account for these variations, it is necessary to collect multiple tracks from each animal on a range of surfaces. 21. A. flexibility B. diet C. movement D. behavior 22. A. fixed B. updated C. removed D. examined 23. A. opposed B. developed C. promoted D. adopted 24. A. lasted B. failed C. matched D. bent 25. A. Moreover B. However C. Likewise D. Therefore 26. A. programmers B. photographers C. trackers D. officials 27. A. features B. sizes C. colors D. shapes 28. A. copied B. recognized C. erased D. marked 29. A. services B. experiments C. solutions D. purposes 30. A. limitations B. losses C. challenges D. concerns Section B Directions: Read the following two passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) 1One afternoon a few months before Tom and I were to be married, Max wandered into the dining room of the house we all shared. I was sorting through a box of old photographs. 2“Who’s that?” he asked. 3“That was my grandfather, the one who died a few months ago.” 4“Hmm. Too bad he had to die.” 5Just as I was about to put the last of the pictures in the box, Max pressed his finger to a face. “And who will this be to me?” 6Beneath his finger I could see the edges of my own face. I was suddenly flooded with a joy which I had no name. This son of the man I loved was becoming my son. We’d have family Christmas cards and school art stuck to the fridge. All these things I’d never allowed myself to want. Now I was becoming a mother. 7I should have known how to say just the right, wise, magical thing. But I didn’t. “I’ll be your second mom,” I said. 8“Oh.” 9“I’m sorry that your first mom died. I liked her.” 10“What should I call you?” he asked. 11My heart pounded, and my stomach turned over. Mama, I wanted to cry. I’ll be your mama and you’ll be my son. I resisted. “You can call me Mom, or Mama. You can also call me Betsy, if you’d rather. Whatever feels okay for you.” 12He stood there a minute. “What’s for dinner?” he asked. 13“Burgers.” 14“Swect,” he said as he walked out of the room. 15At our wedding a few months later, Tom and I said our vows (誓言) to one another. Then Max was invited to stand beside us and I made vows to him. I promised to step into the shoes his mother had been forced to leave behind, to help him remember her, and to be the best mother I could be. 16After the wedding, for the next few days, Max tried out a new title for me. “Can we go bowling?” he’d ask, and then follow the question by mouthing the word mom. Or, “Can we go to the store?” And the mouthed word, mom. Mom was always silent. It seemed he was trying it on, seeing how it felt in his mouth. 17Weeks later as I drove him home from school, Max suddenly said, “I notice I don’t call you Mom.” 18Oof. Who threw that rock at my chest? I breathed to calm my voice. “I noticed that.” 19“When I say Betsy, I mean Mom.” 20“Thanks,” I said. “That’s nice to know.” 21He looked out the window. “Moms die, you know. I think it’s maybe safer if you’re just Betsy.” 22I willed tears away, not wanting to overwhelm him. He had enough to carry. “Thanks, Bud. I appreciate you telling me.” 23“Hey Betsy?” 24“Yeah,” I said, delighted with the new sound of my old name. 25“What’s for dinner?” he asked. 31. When Betty said “I’ll be your second mom,” (paragraph 7), she ______. A. thought her role was significant to Max B wished Max could let go of the sad memories C. was looking forward to becoming Max’s mother D. suggested that she was legally responsible for Max 32. According to Max, why did he call Betsy “Betsy” instead of Mom? A. He wants to tell Betsy she is his best friend. B. He still feels shy to address Betsy as Mom. C. He doesn’t want to forget his dead mother. D. He hopes Betsy could always be with him. 33. How does Betsy most probably feel when Max mentions dinner at the end of the passage? A. Confused about Max’s favourite food. B. Happy to lead a regular family life. C. Relieved to have a simple conversation. D. Annoyed with Max’s constant questioning. 34. Why does the author develop the passage with short dialogues? A. To reveal the tension between Max and Betsy. B. To show that Max is avoiding deep conversations. C. To help express the two speakers’ emotions directly. D. To make the passage shorter and easier to understand. (B) From the time human beings began to draw them, maps have helped people find their way around their environments. But maps can show us many things, not just which direction to go. They show the path of history, the earth’s shape development of mathematics, and the progress of technology. One of the oldest-known land maps is an almost 1,600-year-old tablet from Southwest Asia. The map shows a circle of land that is divided by a river and surrounded by ocean. Triangles on the map indicate eight different regions. And the map’s text describes legendary beasts and heroes that were important to the ancient people of the area. Around AD 150,a Greek scientist drew north-south and east-west lines on a map. This addition applies mathematics to mapping and was an early attempt to show the earth’s shape on a flat piece of paper. Maps gradually became much more detailed as new regions were explored and put down on paper. Also, mathematical and astronomical advances helped to perfect the world map to what we know and love today! Now that you know a little about the early history of maps, lets learn some fun facts. East at the Top These days, most maps feature north at the top. However, during the Middle Ages, most maps had east at the top. This was done to point in the direction of the morning sun. Puzzle Maps When printed maps became available to the general population in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, not everyone could understand them. In fact, the first jigsaw puzzles(拼图游戏)were designed as practice maps for eighteenth-century geography classes! Fake Places Mapmakers need to make sure that their work is not copied by others. To protect their work, many mapmakers add made-up towns or streets to their maps. Only the original mapmaker would know about the fake entry. Modern Technology Today, digital maps and GPS technology have revolutionized the way we explore our world. With the touch of a screen, we can see our exact location, plan routes, and even view real-time traffic updates. 35. Which of the following pictures best shows the modern form of the Greek scientist’s addition to the map? A. B. C. D. 36. Fake towns or streets were often added to maps ________. A. so that it would be clear if someone copied the map. B. to make the maps less boring and more accurate. C. as a tricky challenge for people to take on. D. to help people practice how to read complicated maps. 37. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To show the development of mapping technology. B. To explain the importance of maps throughout history. C. To introduce the history of maps and some interesting facts. D. To teach some map-making tricks and techniques. Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there is one more sentence than you need. Little Miss Mozart An 11-year-old British composer earned comparisons with Mozart after her opera opened in Vienna to enthusiastic applause. Alma Deutscher, who lived in Surrey with her parents, was already world-famous as a violinist and pianist before her first full-length opera made its first performance on the Austrian stage. ____38____ Cinderella was a composer whom Deutscher described as “a bit like me”. Deutscher said much of the musical inspiration behind Cinderella and other compositions came when her mind was elsewhere. During an interview with NBC’s Today show, she explained that trying to create beautiful melodies on demand often resulted in a blank mind. ____39____ The opera is two and a half hours long with the musical score running to 237 pages. ____40____ Deutscher said the prince having to ask whose foot would fit the slipper didn’t make much sense. Lots of people might have the same sized foot, but only one person could have written that melody. Conductor Simon Rattle declared he was “absolutely bowled over” when he first saw her perform, but it was Stephen Fry who first predicted that Deutscher could be this generation’s Mozart, after watching a video of her performing online. ____41____ She said, “I love Mozart very much. He’s probably my favourite composer, but I don’t really like it when people call me ‘Little Miss Mozart’ because I don’t like being called ‘little’. I’m very big, and secondly, if I just wrote everything Mozart wrote again it would be boring.” A. However, it is not a comparison that the 11-year-old is particularly keen on. B. Interestingly, it was often during unexpected moments that a beautiful melody suddenly came to her. C. She never got nervous on stage, as she was just happy that people wanted to listen to her music. D. Instead of the glass slipper of the fairytale, the prince looks for a lost melody he cannot quite remember. E. The work reinvented the Cinderella fairytale to be set in an opera house ruled by a mean stepmother. IV. Summary writing (8%) 42. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Most of us — even those at the top — struggle with public-speaking anxiety. When I ask my clients what makes them nervous, invariably they respond with the same answers: “I don’t like being watched”, “I don’t like the eyes on me” or “I don’t like being in the spotlight”. To understand why, we need to go way back to prehistoric times, when humans regarded eyes watching us as an existential threat. Those eyes were likely predators (肉食动物) and people were terrified of being eaten alive. The bad news is that our brains have transferred the ancient fear of being watched into public speaking. In other words, public-speaking anxiety is in our DNA. Fortunately, there is a solution: human generosity. The key to disarming our panic button is to turn the focus away from ourselves and toward helping the audience. Studies have shown that an increase in generosity indeed leads to a decrease in amygdala (扁桃腺) activity, which is responsible for our panic feeling in the brain. When we are kind to others, we overcome the sense of being under attack and start to feel less nervous. Admittedly, this is hard to do. But it’s absolutely possible to become a generous speaker. To begin with, when you start preparing for a presentation, the mistake you often make is starting with the topic. Instead, you should start with the audience. Identify the audience’s needs, and craft a message that speaks directly to those needs. Also, you are the most nervous right before you speak. This is the moment when your brain is telling you, “Everyone is judging me.” But it is exactly the moment when you should refocus your brain. Over time, your brain will begin to get it, and you will become less nervous. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation: (14%) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 43. 这所位于山区的学院创建于二十世纪初。 (found) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 44. 这些新出台的举措旨在恢复民众对保险业的信心。 (restore) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 45. 不可否认的是如果行动快一点，我们是能救出这些渔民的。 (deny) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 46. 中国在过去几十年间取得了巨大的经济成就，这是公认的事实。 (acknowledge) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ VI. Writing (15%) 47. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below. 你是明启中学高三学生王华，你的好友李明来信邀请你和他一起创办一个公众号（a public account），通过文字、图片、视频等多种形式向国内外读者推广和传播中国文化。请你给他回信，内容须包括： (1)你对该想法的支持和赞赏； (2)你对合作期待和对分工的建议。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2024学年第一学期高二年级英语期中质量检测试卷 (时间90分钟) I. Listening Comprehension (11%) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. A housewife. B. A fashion model. C. A shirt designer. D. A shop assistant. 2 A. In a bank. B. In a school. C. In a travel agency. D. In a stock exchange. 3. A. It’s not good enough. B. It’s none of the woman’s business. C. It’s not true. D. It’s out of expectation. 4. A. He’s decided to try a new barbershop. B. The woman mistook him for another guy. C. A different person cut his hair this time. D. Another friend also commented on his hair. 5. A. The tipping rule in America. B. Important aspects in American culture. C. The general tax rate in America. D. Tips on understanding American culture. 6. A. She doesn’t know where it is. B. She’s angry with the man for forgetting it. C. She’d like the man to return it tomorrow. D. She didn’t realize the man had borrowed it. 7. A. Book a hotel on the campus. B. Reserve a hotel a little far away. C. Call the local hotels again a few days later. D. Ask her parents to come at a different weekend. 8. A. She took a history class last term. B. She doesn’t trust the man. C. She didn’t like her geography professor. D. She won’t take any history classes. 9. A. She doesn’t think it will snow. B. The meeting place has been changed. C. The meeting has been canceled. D. She’ll be to a tired to walk to the meeting. 10. A. He is not an experienced skier at all. B. He has never been to Central Mountain. C. He doesn’t plan to go skiing during spring breaks. D. He doesn’t recommend going to Central Mountain. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. The history of movie-popcorn relationship. B. The reasons for moviegoers loving popcorn. C. The functions of popcorn in movie-watching. D. The special smell of popcorn in movie theaters. 12. A. It was considered an unhealthy food. B. It could lower the movie ticket prices. C. It was unpopular with theater owners. D. It could spoil the luxurious atmosphere. 13. A. The higher reputation of popcorn. B. The increase of popcorn prices. C. The rise of less luxurious theaters. D. The improvement of popcorn smell. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Pearson’s publishing history and its future in the U. S. college market. B. Pearson’s plan to publish electronic books in the U. S. college market. C. The reasons for the drop of Pearson’s sales in the U. S. college market. D. The reaction of the U. S. college market to Pearson’s digital publishing. 15. A. Parts of Pearson have been sold. B. Pearson has been trying to save money. C. Some employees have left Pearson. D. Pearson’s new textbooks have been costly. 16. A. Their publishing time is more predictable. B. They are more adaptable than its printed ones. C. They will be updated more timely. D. Their extra learning tools will be free. Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Last August Susan and forty-two other students got wet and dirty while removing six tons of garbage ___1___ the river running across their city. They cleaned up the river as part of a weeklong environmental camp. Like one in three American rivers, this river ___2___ (pollute) so much that it’s unsafe for swimming or fishing. Still, Susan, who has just completed her third summer camp on the river cleanup, sees a change in this river. “Since we started three years ago, the river is getting a lot ___3___ (clean) ,” she says. Environmental scientists praise the teenagers for removing garbage ___4___ can harm wild life. Water birds, for example, can die of plastic bottle rings and get ___5___ (cut) by tiny metals. Three years ago, when the cleanup started, garbage was everywhere. But this year the teenagers ___6___ row their boats fast. By the end of the six-hour cleanup. they had removed enough garbage to fill more than two large trucks. “ ___7___ (see) what is left in the river makes people begin to care about environmental issues. ” Susan says. She hopes ___8___ when others read that, she and her peers care enough ___9___ (clean) it up, maybe they would think twice ___10___ they throw garbage into the river. 【答案】1. from 2. is polluted 3. cleaner 4. that##which 5. cut 6. can 7. Seeing 8. that 9. to clean 10. before 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述去年八月，苏珊等学生清理城市河流垃圾，该河污染严重，如今渐清，此举望促人们扔垃圾前三思。 【1题详解】 考查介词。句意：去年八月，苏珊和其他42名学生在清理穿过他们城市的河流中的六吨垃圾时，浑身又湿又脏。这里考查remove...from...，为固定搭配，表示“从……移除……”。故填from。 【2题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：像三分之一美国河流一样，这条河被污染得很严重，游泳或钓鱼都不安全。此空考查谓语动词，this river与pollute之间为被动关系，且此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语this river为单数。故填is polluted。 【3题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：“自从三年前我们开始（清理），这条河变得干净多了，”她说。由a lot及语境可知，此处表示比之前更干净，用比较级。故填cleaner。 【4题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：环境科学家赞扬这些青少年清除了可能危害野生动物的垃圾。这里考查定语从句，先行词为garbage，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用that或which引导定语从句。故填that/which。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：例如，水鸟可能因塑料瓶环而死，或被微小的金属割伤。这里考查“get + 过去分词”表示被动，cut的过去分词仍为cut。故填cut。 【6题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：但今年这些青少年能快速划船了。根据语境，此处表示能力，所以应用情态动词can。故填can。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：“看到河里剩下的东西会让人们开始关心环境问题。”苏珊说。此处应用动名词短语作主语，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Seeing。 【8题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：她希望，当其他人读到她和同龄人非常关心并清理这条河时，也许他们在往河里扔垃圾之前会三思。hope后接宾语从句，从句句意完整且不缺成分，用that引导。故填that。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：她希望，当其他人读到她和同龄人非常关心并清理这条河时，也许他们在往河里扔垃圾之前会三思。这里考查care enough to do sth.，为固定结构，表示“足够关心去做某事”。故填to clean。 【10题详解】 考查连词。句意：她希望，当其他人读到她和同龄人非常关心并清理这条河时，也许他们在往河里扔垃圾之前会三思。根据语境，扔垃圾的动作发生在“三思”之后，用before引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之前”。故填before。 Section B Directions: Complete the following sentences by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. firm B. devotion C. controversial D. irrelevant E. favoured F. imposed G. sorrow H. emphasis I. restricted J. distinction K. arose 11. Many people feel that the educational programs are too rigid and ___________, not allowing students to go beyond the curriculum. 12. Many people found Picasso’s style shocking and ___________, but others applauded his genius. 13. Given the ___________ on how actors move, Kun operas do not normally have complicated stage sets. 14. After the heavy rain and strong wind, there yet stood out against the brick wall one ___________ ivy leaf. 15. Conflict soon ___________ as new settlers took away the Aboriginal hunting grounds. 16. Despite Mozart’s hard work and ___________, his life had many ups and downs. 17. Mandela’s request was turned down, which added to his ___________ that he was not able to bury his mother in person. 18. In the 1800s, Beijing opera slowly replaced Kun opera as the ___________ form of opera. 19. What students learn in college is ___________ to their daily challenges in life. 20. Education is what Native people have been doing for their children since the beginning of time, while school is something that has been ___________ on them from outside 【答案】11. I 12. C 13. H 14. A 15. K 16. B 17. G 18. E 19. D 20. F 【解析】 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：许多人认为教育项目过于僵化和受限，不允许学生超越课程范围。此空与rigid(僵化的)并列，需填形容词表示“受限制的”。restricted，表“受约束的”，符合“课程不允许学生超出范围”的语境。故选I。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：许多人觉得毕加索的风格令人震惊且有争议，但也有人称赞他的才华。由but转折可知，前半句应体现负面评价。controversial，意为“有争议的”，与shocking(令人震惊的)并列，符合人们对其风格的分歧。故选C。 【13题详解】 考查名词及固定搭配。句意：鉴于昆曲强调演员的动作，其舞台布景通常不复杂。这里考查given the emphasis on...，为固定结构，表“鉴于对……的重视”，此处指昆曲重视演员动作，故舞台布景简单。emphasis，表“强调”，符合语境。故选H。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：暴雨狂风过后，砖墙上仍挺立着一片坚韧的常春藤叶。修饰ivy leaf(常春藤叶)，需体现其在恶劣天气后“挺立”的特质。firm，表“牢固的；坚韧的”，符合“叶子未被风雨摧毁”的语境。故选A。 15题详解】 考查动词及时态。句意：随着新定居者夺走原住民的狩猎场，冲突很快出现了。分析句子可知，从句用一般过去时（took away），主句需填过去式动词。“arose”（arise 的过去式），表“出现”，符合“冲突产生”的语义。故选K。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：尽管莫扎特工作努力且全身心投入，他的人生仍跌宕起伏。分析句子可知，与hard work 并列，需填名词表示“奉献”。devotion，表“投入；奉献”，体现他对音乐的付出，符合语境。故选B。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：曼德拉的请求被拒绝，这加剧了他无法亲自安葬母亲的悲痛。分析句子可知，“not able to bury his mother”为悲伤之事，需填名词sorrow，表“悲痛”，与“added to(加剧)”搭配，符合语义。故选G。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：19世纪，京剧逐渐取代昆曲，成为更受欢迎的戏曲形式。分析句子可知，replaced...as，表明京剧成为“受偏爱”的形式，favoured，表“受喜爱的；受欢迎的”，符合“取代”的语境。故选E。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：学生在大学所学的内容与他们生活中的日常挑战无关。这里考查be irrelevant to，为固定搭配，表“与……无关”，此处指大学知识与生活挑战脱节，符合语义。故选D。 【20题详解】 考查动词及被动语态。句意：教育是原住民从一开始就为孩子做的事，而学校是外界强加给他们的东西。由“from outside”可知，学校是“被强加”的。imposed（impose 的过去分词）与has been构成被动语态，be imposed on，表“强加于”，符合语境。故选F。 Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (32%) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Effective monitoring of endangered species is key to their survival. Studying the ___21___, range, and habits of wild animals is essential to ensure their habitat remains free from development and illegal hunters. Traditional methods of monitoring wild animals, especially large ones, include radio-tagging (无线电标记) . To do this, individual animals must at first be captured so that collars (颈圈) can be ___22___. One organization that ___23___ this technique was WildTrack. In the late 1990s, the team was using radio-collars to monitor black rhinos (犀牛) in Namibia. However, the team soon realized that the chemicals used to immobilize the rhino to fix the collars harmed female fertility. Not only that but also a large proportion of the radio-collars ___24___ within the first 6 months and had to be replaced. ___25___ as animals grew, the collars would tighten, annoying or even hurting them. The method was costly and had the unintended consequence of altering the rhinos’ behavior, making the collected data unreliable. At the same time, the team was working alongside local ___26___. Animal tracking is one of the oldest human skills, and these experts have years of experience in identifying individual animals by their footprints. They could effectively create a true picture of individual rhinos’ activities without the use of any invasive (侵入的) techniques. Consequently, the team were interested to know whether the trackers’ knowledge could be effectively translated into a computerized technique for monitoring animal movement. Within each species, each individual has its own unique foot ___27___. If an animal is sighted and identified just once, and the characteristics of its footprints are properly photographed and measured, its footprint can be ___28___ whenever it is sighted again. If that is done repeatedly, conservationists can draw up a database of all, or at least a significant proportion of the individuals within the population. After that, conservationists can use it to identify an animal and its movements by its print. The data gathered can be used for a range of ___29___, for example, to monitor biodiversity, WildTrack is currently using footprint identification technology in Greece to study the potential effect of a large highway construction through brown bear habitat. Identifying an animal from its footprint is not without its ____30____, however, as each time the individual places its foot on the ground, it leaves a slightly different track, according to the ground type, moisture (湿度) , and movement. To account for these variations, it is necessary to collect multiple tracks from each animal on a range of surfaces. 21. A. flexibility B. diet C. movement D. behavior 22. A. fixed B. updated C. removed D. examined 23. A. opposed B. developed C. promoted D. adopted 24. A. lasted B. failed C. matched D. bent 25. A. Moreover B. However C. Likewise D. Therefore 26. A. programmers B. photographers C. trackers D. officials 27. A. features B. sizes C. colors D. shapes 28. A. copied B. recognized C. erased D. marked 29. A. services B. experiments C. solutions D. purposes 30. A. limitations B. losses C. challenges D. concerns 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有效监测濒危物种的重要性，以及传统监测方法与现代技术（如无线电标记和脚印识别技术）在野生动物监测中的应用和挑战。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究野生动物的迁徙路线、活动范围和习性对于确保它们的栖息地不受开发和非法狩猎的侵扰至关重要。A. flexibility灵活性；B. diet饮食；C. movement迁徙、活动；D. behavior行为。根据后文的“range, and habits”可知，此处是在讨论研究野生动物的迁徙路线（即它们的活动路径和范围）的重要性。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了做到这一点，必须首先捕获单个动物，以便给它们戴上项圈。A. fixed安装、固定；B. updated更新；C. removed移除；D. examined检查。根据上文的“To do this, individual animals must at first be captured”和“collars (颈圈) can be”可知，要先捕获动物，目的是为了给它们戴上项圈以进行追踪。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：采用这项技术的组织之一是WildTrack。A. opposed反对；B. developed发展；C. promoted促进；D. adopted采用、采纳。根据后文的“this technique was WildTrack”以及下文的描述可知，WildTrack是采用了无线电标记技术的组织之一。故选D项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不仅如此，有很大一部分无线电项圈在前6个月内就发生了故障，必须更换。A. lasted持续；B. failed失效；C. matched匹配；D. bent弯曲。根据后文的“and had to be replaced”可知，有很大一部分无线电项圈发生了故障，失效了，必须更换。故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：而且，随着动物的成长，项圈会收紧，使它们感到烦躁甚至受伤。A. Moreover而且；B. However然而；C. Likewise同样地；D. Therefore因此。根据后文的“as animals grew, the collars would tighten, annoying or even hurting them”可知，这是上文中提到的无线电项圈存在的另一个问题，与上文是递进关系，应用moreover。故选A项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，该团队还与当地的追踪专家合作。A. programmers程序员；B. photographers摄影师；C. trackers追踪者、追踪专家；D. officials官员。根据后文的“Animal tracking is one of the oldest human skills, and these experts have years of experience in identifying individual animals by their footprints”可知，此处是指该团队与当地的追踪专家合作。故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在每个物种中，每个个体都有其独特的足迹特征。A. features特征；B. sizes尺寸；C. colors颜色；D. shapes形状。根据后文的“If an animal is sighted and identified just once, and the characteristics of its footprints are properly photographed and measured”可知，此处是指每个动物都有其独特的足迹特征。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果再次发现该动物，就可以识别出它的足迹。A. copied复制；B. recognized识别；C. erased擦除；D. marked标记。根据上文的“If an animal is sighted and identified just once, and the characteristics of its footprints are properly photographed and measured”可知，如果给动物拍照并测量了其足迹特征，那么当再次发现该动物时，就可以识别出它的足迹。故选B项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：收集到的数据可用于多种目的，例如监测生物多样性。A. services服务；B. experiments实验；C. solutions解决方案；D. purposes目的。根据后文的“for example, to monitor biodiversity”可知，此处是指收集到的数据可用于多种目的。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，从动物的足迹来识别动物也存在挑战，因为每次动物把脚放在地上时，根据地面的类型、湿度和运动情况，它都会留下略微不同的足迹。A. limitations限制；B. losses损失；C. challenges挑战；D. concerns担忧。根据后文的“as each time the individual places its foot on the ground, it leaves a slightly different track”可知，从动物的足迹来识别动物也存在挑战。故选C项。 Section B Directions: Read the following two passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) 1One afternoon a few months before Tom and I were to be married, Max wandered into the dining room of the house we all shared. I was sorting through a box of old photographs. 2“Who’s that?” he asked. 3“That was my grandfather, the one who died a few months ago.” 4“Hmm. Too bad he had to die.” 5Just as I was about to put the last of the pictures in the box, Max pressed his finger to a face. “And who will this be to me?” 6Beneath his finger I could see the edges of my own face. I was suddenly flooded with a joy which I had no name. This son of the man I loved was becoming my son. We’d have family Christmas cards and school art stuck to the fridge. All these things I’d never allowed myself to want. Now I was becoming a mother. 7I should have known how to say just the right, wise, magical thing. But I didn’t. “I’ll be your second mom,” I said. 8“Oh.” 9“I’m sorry that your first mom died. I liked her.” 10“What should I call you?” he asked. 11My heart pounded, and my stomach turned over. Mama, I wanted to cry. I’ll be your mama and you’ll be my son. I resisted. “You can call me Mom, or Mama. You can also call me Betsy, if you’d rather. Whatever feels okay for you.” 12He stood there a minute. “What’s for dinner?” he asked. 13“Burgers.” 14“Swect,” he said as he walked out of the room. 15At our wedding a few months later, Tom and I said our vows (誓言) to one another. Then Max was invited to stand beside us and I made vows to him. I promised to step into the shoes his mother had been forced to leave behind, to help him remember her, and to be the best mother I could be. 16After the wedding, for the next few days, Max tried out a new title for me. “Can we go bowling?” he’d ask, and then follow the question by mouthing the word mom. Or, “Can we go to the store?” And the mouthed word, mom. Mom was always silent. It seemed he was trying it on, seeing how it felt in his mouth. 17Weeks later as I drove him home from school, Max suddenly said, “I notice I don’t call you Mom.” 18Oof. Who threw that rock at my chest? I breathed to calm my voice. “I noticed that.” 19“When I say Betsy, I mean Mom.” 20“Thanks,” I said. “That’s nice to know.” 21He looked out the window. “Moms die, you know. I think it’s maybe safer if you’re just Betsy.” 22I willed tears away, not wanting to overwhelm him. He had enough to carry. “Thanks, Bud. I appreciate you telling me.” 23“Hey, Betsy?” 24“Yeah,” I said, delighted with the new sound of my old name. 25“What’s for dinner?” he asked. 31. When Betty said “I’ll be your second mom,” (paragraph 7), she ______. A. thought her role was significant to Max B. wished Max could let go of the sad memories C. was looking forward to becoming Max’s mother D. suggested that she was legally responsible for Max 32. According to Max, why did he call Betsy “Betsy” instead of Mom? A. He wants to tell Betsy she is his best friend. B. He still feels shy to address Betsy as Mom. C. He doesn’t want to forget his dead mother. D. He hopes Betsy could always be with him. 33. How does Betsy most probably feel when Max mentions dinner at the end of the passage? A. Confused about Max’s favourite food. B. Happy to lead a regular family life. C. Relieved to have a simple conversation. D. Annoyed with Max’s constant questioning. 34. Why does the author develop the passage with short dialogues? A. To reveal the tension between Max and Betsy. B. To show that Max is avoiding deep conversations. C. To help express the two speakers’ emotions directly. D. To make the passage shorter and easier to understand. 【答案】31. C 32. D 33. B 34. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Betty在与Tom结婚前，对融入Tom的儿子Max的生活充满期待，想成为他的“第二位母亲”。婚后Max尝试称呼Betty为“Mom”，但最终还是称她“Betsy”，因为他希望Betty能一直陪伴自己。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段中“I was suddenly flooded with a joy which I had no name. This son of the man I loved was becoming my son. We’d have family Christmas cards and school art stuck to the fridge. All these things I’d never allowed myself to want. Now I was becoming a mother. (我突然感到一种无法名状的喜悦。我爱的人的儿子正在成为我的儿子。我们会把家庭圣诞卡和学校的艺术品贴在冰箱上。所有这些我从未允许自己想要的东西。现在我要做母亲了)”可知，Betty意识到自己正在成为一个母亲，她非常喜悦，对未来美好的家庭生活充满向往。由此可知，在说这句话时，她期待着成为Max的母亲。故选C项。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二十一段“He looked out the window. “Moms die, you know. I think it’s maybe safer if you’re just Betsy.” (他向窗外望去。“妈妈会死的，你知道的。我觉得你还是叫Betsy比较安全。”)”可知，Max经历了母亲的离世，对于称呼Betsy为“Mom (妈妈)”存在一定的心理障碍，很害怕再次经历失去母亲的痛苦。因此，他用“Betsy”这个称呼，是希望Betsy能够一直陪伴着他，而不是像母亲这个身份一样可能会突然消失。故选D项。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后三段““Hey, Betsy?” (“嘿，Betsy？”)”、““Yeah,” I said, delighted with the new sound of my old name. (“嗯，”我说，为自己旧名字的新发音感到高兴)”和““What’s for dinner?” he asked. (“晚饭吃什么？”他问)”可知，Max正在和Betsy以新的方式相处，把她当作自己的亲人，询问晚餐的问题虽然简单，但这是日常家庭生活的常态。这表明Betty在过正常的家庭生活，成为Max生活中的一部分，她很可能感到幸福。故选B项。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章通过简短的对话形式，直接展现了Betty和Max之间的情感交流。这种对话形式让读者能够直观地感受到两人的情感变化，尤其是Betty的内心波动和Max的微妙反应。故选C项。 (B) From the time human beings began to draw them, maps have helped people find their way around their environments. But maps can show us many things, not just which direction to go. They show the path of history, the earth’s shape development of mathematics, and the progress of technology. One of the oldest-known land maps is an almost 1,600-year-old tablet from Southwest Asia. The map shows a circle of land that is divided by a river and surrounded by ocean. Triangles on the map indicate eight different regions. And the map’s text describes legendary beasts and heroes that were important to the ancient people of the area. Around AD 150,a Greek scientist drew north-south and east-west lines on a map. This addition applies mathematics to mapping and was an early attempt to show the earth’s shape on a flat piece of paper. Maps gradually became much more detailed as new regions were explored and put down on paper. Also, mathematical and astronomical advances helped to perfect the world map to what we know and love today! Now that you know a little about the early history of maps, lets learn some fun facts. East at the Top These days, most maps feature north at the top. However, during the Middle Ages, most maps had east at the top. This was done to point in the direction of the morning sun. Puzzle Maps When printed maps became available to the general population in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, not everyone could understand them. In fact, the first jigsaw puzzles(拼图游戏)were designed as practice maps for eighteenth-century geography classes! Fake Places Mapmakers need to make sure that their work is not copied by others. To protect their work, many mapmakers add made-up towns or streets to their maps. Only the original mapmaker would know about the fake entry. Modern Technology Today, digital maps and GPS technology have revolutionized the way we explore our world. With the touch of a screen, we can see our exact location, plan routes, and even view real-time traffic updates. 35. Which of the following pictures best shows the modern form of the Greek scientist’s addition to the map? A. B. C. D. 36. Fake towns or streets were often added to maps ________. A. so that it would be clear if someone copied the map. B. to make the maps less boring and more accurate. C. as a tricky challenge for people to take on. D. to help people practice how to read complicated maps. 37. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To show the development of mapping technology. B. To explain the importance of maps throughout history. C. To introduce the history of maps and some interesting facts. D. To teach some map-making tricks and techniques. 【答案】35. B 36. A 37. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了地图的历史以及一些有趣的地图相关知识。 【35题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Around AD 150,a Greek scientist drew north-south and east-west lines on a map.(大约公元150年，一位希腊科学家在地图上画出了南北和东西方向的线)”可知，地图中显示了经纬线，选项B图中这符合描述。故选B。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Fake Places”部分“Mapmakers need to make sure that their work is not copied by others. To protect their work, many mapmakers add made-up towns or streets to their maps. Only the original mapmaker would know about the fake entry.(制图师需要确保他们的作品不会被他人抄袭。为了保护他们的作品，许多制图师在地图中添加虚构的小镇或街道。只有原始制图师知道这些虚构的内容)”可知，添加虚构的城镇或街道是为了看是否有人抄袭地图。故选A。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Now that you know a little about the early history of maps, lets learn some fun facts.(既然你已经对地图的早期历史有所了解，那我们来了解一些有趣的事实吧)”以及文章内容可知，文章的主要目的是介绍地图的历史和一些有趣的事实。故选C。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there is one more sentence than you need. Little Miss Mozart An 11-year-old British composer earned comparisons with Mozart after her opera opened in Vienna to enthusiastic applause. Alma Deutscher, who lived in Surrey with her parents, was already world-famous as a violinist and pianist before her first full-length opera made its first performance on the Austrian stage. ____38____ Cinderella was a composer whom Deutscher described as “a bit like me”. Deutscher said much of the musical inspiration behind Cinderella and other compositions came when her mind was elsewhere. During an interview with NBC’s Today show, she explained that trying to create beautiful melodies on demand often resulted in a blank mind. ____39____ The opera is two and a half hours long with the musical score running to 237 pages. ____40____ Deutscher said the prince having to ask whose foot would fit the slipper didn’t make much sense. Lots of people might have the same sized foot, but only one person could have written that melody. Conductor Simon Rattle declared he was “absolutely bowled over” when he first saw her perform, but it was Stephen Fry who first predicted that Deutscher could be this generation’s Mozart, after watching a video of her performing online. ____41____ She said, “I love Mozart very much. He’s probably my favourite composer, but I don’t really like it when people call me ‘Little Miss Mozart’ because I don’t like being called ‘little’. I’m very big, and secondly, if I just wrote everything Mozart wrote again it would be boring.” A. However, it is not a comparison that the 11-year-old is particularly keen on. B. Interestingly, it was often during unexpected moments that a beautiful melody suddenly came to her. C. She never got nervous on stage, as she was just happy that people wanted to listen to her music. D. Instead of the glass slipper of the fairytale, the prince looks for a lost melody he cannot quite remember. E. The work reinvented the Cinderella fairytale to be set in an opera house ruled by a mean stepmother. 【答案】38. E 39. B 40. D 41. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了一位11岁的英国作曲家阿尔玛·多伊彻因为其音乐天赋被人称为“小莫扎特”。 【38题详解】 根据后文“Cinderella was a composer whom Deutscher described as “a bit like me”. Deutscher said much of the musical inspiration behind Cinderella and other compositions came when her mind was elsewhere.(灰姑娘是一位作曲家，多伊彻形容她“有点像我”。多伊彻说，《灰姑娘》和其他作品背后的很多音乐灵感都是在她心不在焉的时候产生的)”可知，本句主要介绍这部作品的信息，结合后文提到了灰姑娘，可知作品与灰姑娘有关。故E选项“这部作品改编了灰姑娘的童话故事，故事发生在一个由刻薄的继母统治的歌剧院里”符合语境，故选E。 【39题详解】 根据上文“During an interview with NBC’s Today show, she explained that trying to create beautiful melodies on demand often resulted in a blank mind.(在接受美国全国广播公司《今日秀》采访时，她解释说，试图随心所欲地创作优美的旋律往往会导致大脑一片空白)”可知，上文提到她试图随心所欲地创作优美的旋律，本句为本段最后一句，主要说明她是如何创作这些旋律的。故B选项“有趣的是，她经常在意想不到的时刻突然听到优美的旋律”符合语境，故选B。 【40题详解】 根据上文“The opera is two and a half hours long with the musical score running to 237 pages.(歌剧全长两个半小时，乐谱长达237页)”以及后文“Deutscher said the prince having to ask whose foot would fit the slipper didn’t make much sense. Lots of people might have the same sized foot, but only one person could have written that melody.(多伊彻说，王子不得不问谁的脚适合这只鞋，这没有多大意义。很多人可能都有同样大小的脚，但只有一个人能写出那样的旋律)”可知，后文提到王子询问鞋子的主人没有意义，推测本句是在说明王子真正寻找的事物是旋律。故D选项“王子找的不是童话里的水晶鞋，而是一段他不太记得的旋律”符合语境，故选D。 【41题详解】 根据上文“Conductor Simon Rattle declared he was “absolutely bowled over” when he first saw her perform, but it was Stephen Fry who first predicted that Deutscher could be this generation’s Mozart, after watching a video of her performing online.(指挥家西蒙·拉特尔宣称，当他第一次看到她的表演时，他“完全被震撼了”，但斯蒂芬·弗莱在网上观看了她的表演视频后，第一个预测道，多伊彻可能成为这一代人的莫扎特)”以及后文“She said, “I love Mozart very much. He’s probably my favourite composer, but I don’t really like it when people call me ‘Little Miss Mozart’ because I don’t like being called ‘little’. I’m very big, and secondly, if I just wrote everything Mozart wrote again it would be boring.”(她说：“我非常喜欢莫扎特。他可能是我最喜欢的作曲家，但我真的不喜欢别人叫我‘小莫扎特小姐’，因为我不喜欢别人叫我‘小’。我块头很大，其次，如果我把莫扎特写的所有东西都重写一遍，那就太无聊了。”)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出这个孩子并不喜欢别人把她和莫扎特进行比较。故A选项“然而，这个11岁的孩子并不是特别喜欢这样的比较”符合语境，故选A。 IV. Summary writing (8%) 42. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Most of us — even those at the top — struggle with public-speaking anxiety. When I ask my clients what makes them nervous, invariably they respond with the same answers: “I don’t like being watched”, “I don’t like the eyes on me” or “I don’t like being in the spotlight”. To understand why, we need to go way back to prehistoric times, when humans regarded eyes watching us as an existential threat. Those eyes were likely predators (肉食动物) and people were terrified of being eaten alive. The bad news is that our brains have transferred the ancient fear of being watched into public speaking. In other words, public-speaking anxiety is in our DNA. Fortunately, there is a solution: human generosity. The key to disarming our panic button is to turn the focus away from ourselves and toward helping the audience. Studies have shown that an increase in generosity indeed leads to a decrease in amygdala (扁桃腺) activity, which is responsible for our panic feeling in the brain. When we are kind to others, we overcome the sense of being under attack and start to feel less nervous. Admittedly, this is hard to do. But it’s absolutely possible to become a generous speaker. To begin with, when you start preparing for a presentation, the mistake you often make is starting with the topic. Instead, you should start with the audience. Identify the audience’s needs, and craft a message that speaks directly to those needs. Also, you are the most nervous right before you speak. This is the moment when your brain is telling you, “Everyone is judging me.” But it is exactly the moment when you should refocus your brain. Over time, your brain will begin to get it, and you will become less nervous. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Possible version1: Many people have public-speaking anxiety because there are many eyes on the speakers. The reason is that humans turned the fear of being watched by predators in prehistoric times into public speaking. To solve the problem, people should focus on helping the audience, speaking directly to the audience’s needs and refocusing their brain before speaking. (55) Possible version2: Many people have public-speaking anxiety because they fear being watched. The reason dates back to prehistoric times when humans regarded eyes watching them as those of the predators that would eat them. To solve the problem, people should be generous to the audience/ focus on helping the audience. They should speak directly to the audience’s needs and refocus their brain before speaking. (57) 【解析】 【分析】本题要求写一篇概要，属于说明文。 【详解】首先，阅读材料，了解文章的基本内容。本篇阅读材料的核心内容是: 许多人都有公开演讲的焦虑，因为有很多眼睛盯着演讲者。原因是人类把史前时期对被食肉动物注视的恐惧变成了公开演讲。为了解决这个问题，人们应该专注于帮助听众，直接针对听众的需求说话，在说话之前重新集中他们的注意力。本篇文章的写作思路就是围绕“演讲焦虑的原因和解决方法展开。 【点睛】文章简明扼要，涵盖所有内容，结构层次清晰，文章顺畅。Many people have public-speaking anxiety because there are many eyes on the speakers. because引导的原因状语从句；The reason is that humans turned the fear of being watched by predators in prehistoric times into public speaking. that引导的表语从句； V. Translation: (14%) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 43. 这所位于山区的学院创建于二十世纪初。 (found) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This college located in the mountainous area was founded in the early twentieth century. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词、动词语态和固定短语。表示“这所学院”用this college，作主语，句首单词，首字母大写；表示“创建”用found，动作发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，且与主语This college为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态was founded；表示“位于山区”用be located in the mountainous area，省略be动词，用过去分词短语located in the mountainous area，作后置定语，修饰college；表示“在二十世纪初”用in the early twentieth century，作状语。故翻译为This college located in the mountainous area was founded in the early twentieth century. 44. 这些新出台的举措旨在恢复民众对保险业的信心。 (restore) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】These newly introduced measures aim to restore the public’s confidence in the insurance industry. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和固定搭配。“这些新出台的举措”翻译为these newly introduced measures，名词短语作主语；“旨在”用固定搭配aim to do表示，主语是复数形式，谓语动词aim用复数形式；“恢复”用动词restore表示；“民众对保险业的信心”翻译为the public’s confidence in the insurance industry。故整句翻译为These newly introduced measures aim to restore public confidence in the insurance industry. 45. 不可否认的是如果行动快一点，我们是能救出这些渔民的。 (deny) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It cannot be denied that if we had acted faster, we could have saved these fishermen. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型、虚拟语气和条件状语从句。表示“不可否认的是”用固定句型It cannot be denied that...，其中it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句；表示“如果行动快一点”用条件状语从句if we had acted faster，这是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句用过去完成时；表示“我们能救出这些渔民”用we could have saved these fishermen，主句用could have done结构表示“本能够做某事而未做”；表示“渔民”用fishermen。故翻译为It cannot be denied that if we had acted faster, we could have saved these fishermen. 46. 中国在过去几十年间取得了巨大的经济成就，这是公认的事实。 (acknowledge) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is an acknowledged fact that China has made tremendous economic achievements over the past few decades. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型。表示“……是公认的事实”句型为It is an acknowledged fact，后跟同位语从句，从句不缺少成分和句意，故用that引导；从句主语为China；表示“取得了巨大的经济成就”短语为make tremendous economic achievements；表示“在过去几十年间”为over the past few decades，表示从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并可能延续下去的动作用现在完成时。故翻译为It is an acknowledged fact that China has made tremendous economic achievements over the past few decades. VI. Writing (15%) 47. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below. 你是明启中学高三学生王华，你的好友李明来信邀请你和他一起创办一个公众号（a public account），通过文字、图片、视频等多种形式向国内外读者推广和传播中国文化。请你给他回信，内容须包括： (1)你对该想法的支持和赞赏； (2)你对合作期待和对分工的建议。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear Li Ming,   Thank you for your invitation to start a public account together to promote Chinese culture to domestic and international audiences.  I am truly impressed by your idea, and I wholeheartedly support this initiative. I believe that utilizing various media forms like text, images, and videos will effectively showcase the richness and diversity of our culture.  I am looking forward to working with you on this exciting project. As for our collaboration, I suggest we divide the tasks based on our strengths. You could handle video production and editing, given your excellent skills in that area, while I focus on creating engaging written content and selecting captivating images. This way, we can complement each other and ensure the quality of our content.   I’m excited to embark on this cultural journey with you and can’t wait to see the impact we will achieve together.   Best regards,   Wang Hua   【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。好友李明来信邀请考生和他一起创办一个公众号，通过文字、图片、视频等多种形式向国内外读者推广和传播中国文化，要求考生按照要求给他回信。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 支持：support → endorse 前景：initiative → endeavor 展示：showcase → exhibit 集中注意力于：focus on → concentrate on 2. 句型拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Thank you for your invitation to start a public account together to promote Chinese culture to domestic and international audiences. 拓展句：Thank you for your invitation, which is to start a public account together to promote Chinese culture to domestic and international audiences. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I believe that utilizing various media forms like text, images, and videos will effectively showcase the richness and diversity of our culture.（运用了that引导的宾语从句和动名词作主语） 【高分句型2】As for our collaboration, I suggest we divide the tasks based on our strengths.（运用了省略了引导词that的宾语从句且从句使用了虚拟语气） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $