专题05 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，上海专用）高一英语下学期

专题05 阅读理解（说明文） 一、人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海通河·期中）“When I use a word,” Humpty Dumpty said, “it means just what I choose to mean—neither more nor less.” —THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS I agree with Mr. Dumpty: Words have meaning. But surely we can seize upon a meaning and then create a word to match it. The following words — some culled from the crowdsourced online dictionary urbandictionary.com and others I’ve concocted myself — don’t exist according to Merriam-Webster…but should. I call them “worderfuls.” - blamestorming n. — the act of attempting to identify the person who is most at fault for a plan’s failure - cellfish n. — someone who talks on the phone to the exclusion of those he or she is with - chairdrobe n. — a chair on which one piles clothes that belong in the closet, not to be confused with a floordrobe - chiptease n. — a bag of potato chips that seems full but is mostly air - dullema n. — the choice between two equally boring outcomes - epiphinot n. — an idea that seems like an amazing insight to the conceiver but is in fact pointless, mundane, stupid, or incorrect - errorist n. — someone who is repeatedly or invariably wrong - nonversation n. — a completely meaningless or useless conversation - pregret v. — to know what you’ re about to do is wrong, wrong, wrong while also knowing you will do it anyway - unlighten v. — to learn something that makes you dumber 1．According to the writer, “worderfuls” refer to words ________. A．that are collected by online dictionaries B．that already exist but have a new meaning C．that are made up to match certain meanings D．that have been included in Merriam-Webster 2．Which of the following words can be illustrated by the picture below? A．blamestorming B．chairdrobe C．chiptease D．epiphinot Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海复旦复兴·期中）Kim accepted the vegetable with a polite bow and quickly ran back to her classmates, relieved that she had finally overcome, even if only slightly, what many South Koreans view as one of their greatest obstacles to global competitiveness: anxiety about speaking English with foreigners, particularly Westerners. Kim was among 300 junior high school students participating in a week-long program at the newly constructed “English Village.” Located in the South Korean countryside,the complex appears as though an entire European town has been transplanted there as a mini-town,complete with its own immigration office, city hall, bookstore,cafeteria,gymnasium, a main street lined with Western-style shops, police officers, and even.a resident community of 160 native English-speaking instructors. To ensure a completely immersive English environment, all signs are exclusively in English, and the use of Korean is strictly prohibited. During their six-day stay for the course, for a fee of 80,000 won (approximately $82), students must conduct daily activities — such as checking into a hotel, shopping, cooking classes, and producing music videos — entirely in English.Specially designated “language police”: patrol the village, imposing fines in the village’s currency or marking red dots on student passports as penalties for speaking Korean. In recent decades, South Korea has adopted one of the most vigorous approaches in Asia toward English education. English proficiency has evolved from being simply a necessary tool for international communication to a significant indicator of social status and professional advancement. Outside the regular school curriculum, Korean parents collectively spend an estimated 10 trillion won annually on private English lessons, overseas study programs,and personal tutoring. Despite this intensive focus, many university graduates still exhibit significant hesitation when required to engage in English conversations with native speakers. Linguists attribute this to a national education system historically oriented toward grammar drills and vocabulary memorization, often at the-expense of practical speaking skills and real-world conversational practice. At Korea University in Seoul, 30 percent of all classes are now conducted in English. In today’s South Korea,fluency in English is no longer just an academic asset — it has become a key factor in determining one’s social and professional status. Today, at Korea University in Seoul,around 30 percent of all courses are conducted in English, underscoring how fluency in the language is no longer merely academic but increasingly essential for defining one’s social standing and professional opportunities in South Korea. 1．What was Kim Hyo Jin’s problem? A．She had difficulties in understanding English grammar rules. B．She dared not talk with westerners in English. C．She was afraid of looking at the English teacher. D．She experienced discomfort from being separated from classmates. 2．Which of the following accurately describes the “English Villge”? A．It is built to resemble an actual European town. B．It houses 460 students simultaneously each week C．Students must obey the English-only rule. D．All signs are presented in both English and Korean. 3．What problem do Korean students typically face in traditional English education? A．Limited exposure to English vocabulary and grammar. B．Insufficient opportunities to practice spoken English. C．Lack of qualified native English-speaking teachers. D．Excessive emphasis on conversational fluency. 4．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．Let’s Read in English B．English as a Global Language C．South Korea’s English Village Experiment D．The Changing Role of English in South Korea Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海七宝中学·期中）Best Places to Eat in Greenland Greenland is home to a crop of excellent restaurants, where a growing number of restaurants are shining a spotlight on modern Greenlandic food inspired by tradition. Restaurant Hvide The Greenlandic buffet is a favourite among travellers. You’ll find traditional snacks like dried fish as well as cooked fish dishes and hearty stews (丰富的炖菜). All are accompanied by a relaxing atmosphere and beautiful views. Buffet £50 per person. Restaurant Roklubben As one of the most unexpected but most beautifully situated restaurants, it sits in a spot overlooking Lake Ferguson. Modern dishes are served inside a red-painted wooden cabin decorated with old photos and checked tablecloths. Bookings include a free shuttle bus to take you there. Mains from £34. Restaurant Icefiord Come here for fine dining with great sea views of the icebergs. This high-end restaurant serves dishes that combine Greenlandic ingredients (原料) with New Nordic preparation. The fish is sourced directly from local fishermen. Three courses £60; five courses £112. Restaurant H8 You’ll have to hike, sail or even dogsled (乘狗拉雪橇) to get here. Set in the village, Restaurant H8 is a charming wooden house built in 1894, right on the water. Meals can be combined with a guided walk around the colourful local settlement. Lunch and a snowshoe hiking tour from £212 per person. 1．What do we know about Restaurant Hvide? A．It was built in 1894. B．It serves traditional snacks. C．It serves modern dishes. D．It has the highest price per person. 2．Where can customers enjoy great sea views of icebergs? A．At Restaurant H8. B．At Restaurant Icefiord. C．At Restaurant Hvide. D．At Restaurant Roklubben. 3．What do Restaurant Roklubben and Restaurant H8 have in common? A．They both offer free transportation. B．They are both decorated with old photos. C．They both have wooden rooms for meals. D．They both provide a guided walk around the village. 二、人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海徐汇·期中）Physicist Albert-László Barabási recently published a book—The Formula: The Universal Laws of Success—laying out his and his colleagues’ research into the nature of success with a simple equation. The degree of success for a given product, scientific paper, artwork, or other venture, represented by “S,” is broken down into two components: the essentially random quality of the underlying idea, symbolized by “r,” and the ability of the creator behind the project to actually bring ideas in a given field to fruition, which Barabási calls the “Q-factor.” With that framework in mind, success is the product of the random initial idea and the Q-factor of the creator: S= Qr. As an example of the importance of both components of the success formula, Barabási points out that Steve Jobs—someone with an undoubtedly high Q-factor in the field of designing consumer electronics—had a list of unsuccessful products to his name as well. Barabási wrote, “Think AppleLisa, NeXT, the G-4Cube, MobileMe. Never heard of them? They’re among Jobs’s many failures. If an idea has a small r value, no matter how high the Q, the product will be cheapened.” Of course, Barabási also noted that a strong combination of a capable, high-Q-factor creator with a really good initial idea could enhance each other and create extremely successful results: “Think of the iPhone—a fantastic idea with brilliant execution, resulting in the product that defined Jobs’s legacy.” One perhaps surprising result Barabási found was that a given individual’s Q-factor in a particular field tended to stay more or less constant over time. That is, a creator’s ability to take advantage of good ideas in their field neither improved with experience nor declined with age. That presents a double-edged sword to anyone trying to find success in their career. On the one hand, repeated struggles in a particular field could suggest an underlying lack of talent in that field. Barabási wrote, “if our Q-factor doesn’t work well with our job, we should consider if we’ve pinned our hopes on the wrong career path.” On the other hand, the relative constancy of a Q-factor in a given field means that one’s best work can happen at any point in their career. Barabási gave the example of the physicist John Fenn, who after a long and fairly low-impact scientific career developed a revolutionary technique for measuring the masses of large molecules at the age of 67. Fenn would later go on to win the 2002 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his late-career work. Barabási’s research suggests that a good way to succeed is to find what you are good at and then keep trying new things in that field. “The key to long-term success from a creator’s perspective is straightforward: let the qualities that give you your Q-factor do their job by giving them a chance to deliver success over and over,” he wrote. 1．According to the formula, which of the following is NOT a factor in achieving long-term success? A．A brilliant and talented idea. B．A proper price for the products. C．The ability to put the idea into practice. D．Perseverance in trying new things. 2．Why are AppleLisa, NeXT, the G-4 Cube and MobileMe not as successful as iPhone? A．Because Jobs lacked talent when working on these products. B．Because the ideas behind them were not of high quality. C．Because they were not developed by Jobs. D．Because they were not Jobs’s legacies. 3．Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? A．Barabási worked out the formula based on his research in cooperation with his colleagues. B．A good idea plays a significant role in the ultimate success of a product or artwork. C．If you have a low Q-factor, you may have a try at changing your career path. D．The physicist John Fenn didn’t make much scientific impact because of his old age. 4．What is the main idea Barabási wants to convey in his book? A．The key to success lies in finding what you are good at and sticking with it. B．A person’s ability remains more or less constant over his or her lifetime. C．Success in a person’s career presents a double-edged sword. D．You need to give yourself chances to deliver success over and over again. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海中学·期中）There is plenty of complaints about how social media-texting in particular — may be harming children’s social and intellectual development. But a new study suggests that constant instant messaging (IM’ing) and texting among teens may also provide benefits, particularly for those who are introverted (内向的). British researchers studied instant messages exchanged by 231 teens, aged 14 to 18. All of the participants were “regular” or “extensive” IM’ers. In the U. S., two thirds of teens use instant messaging services regularly, with a full third messaging at least once every day. The researchers analyzed 150 conversations in the study, and reported the results in the journal Computers in Human Behavior. In 100 of these chats, the study participant began IM’ing while in a negative emotional state such as sadness, distress or anger. The rest were conversations begun when the participant was feeling good or neutral. After the chat, participants reported about a 20% reduction in their distress — not enough to completely eliminate it, but enough to leave them feeling better than they had before reaching out. “Our findings suggest that IM’ing between distressed adolescents and their peers may provide emotional relief and consequently contribute to their well-being,” the authors write, noting that prior research has shown that people assigned to talk to a stranger either in real life or online improved their mood in both settings, but even more with IM. And people who talk with their real-life friends online also report feeling closer to them than those who just communicate face-to-face, implying a strengthening of their bond. Why would digital communication do better than human contact? The reasons are complex, but may have something to do with the fact that users can control expression of sadness and other emotions via IM without revealing emotional elements like tears that some may consider as embarrassing or sources of discomfort. Studies also show that the anonymity (匿名) of writing on a device blankets the users in a sense of safety that may cause people to feel more comfortable in sharing and discussing their deepest and most authentic feelings. Prior research has shown that expressive writing itself can “vent” emotions and provide a sense of relief — and doing so, knowing that your words are reaching a sympathetic friend, may provide even more comfort and potentially be therapeutic. Researchers also found that introverted participants reported more relief from IM conversations when they were distressed than extroverts did. Susan Cain, author of Quiet wrote recently for TIME: Introverts are often brimming over with thoughts and care deeply for their friends, family and colleagues. But even the most socially skilled introverts sometimes long for a free pass from socializing or talking on the phone. This is what the Internet offers: the chance to connect — but in measured doses and from behind a screen. 1．The underlined word “vent” in paragraph 5 most probably means ______. A．control B．maintain C．release D．conceal 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Teens are more likely to send instant messages when feeling distressed. B．Instant messaging can help completely remove teens’ negative emotions. C．Chat via instant messaging services makes participants feel good or calm. D．Constant instant messaging can help teens control their negative emotions. 3．What does the digital communication enable users to do? A．Find more sympathetic friends. B．Share and discuss more information. C．Produce more expressive writings. D．Avoid embarrassment and discomfort. 4．What can be concluded from the new study by British researchers? A．Instant messaging will prevent children’s social and intellectual development. B．Introverted teens may benefit from constant instant messaging. C．Teens feeling bad often feel closer to real-life friends than to the net friends. D．American teens aged 14 to 18 are extensive instant messaging users. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海浦东新·期中）People are smart, average or stupid, right? Wrong. According to a famous 1983 study by psychologist Howard Gardner, there are actually nine types of intelligence. And everyone has at least one of them.①______(“nature smart”) These people feel a close connection with nature. If you’re “nature smart”, you might become a farmer, a tree doctor or a chef. Example: Jane Goodall is a famous chimpanzee expert who has spent long periods of time living with chimps and studying their habits. ②Musical intelligence (“musical smart”) People with musical intelligence can recognise musical patterns and tunes quite easily. They’re likely to become musicians, conductors or music critics. ③Logical-mathematical intelligence (“number smart”) Number smart people are analytical, think logically and enjoy studying patterns. They make good mathematicians, scientists or inventors. Example: Physicist Stephen Hawking has done a lot of important work on the Big Bang Theory and wrote the best-selling non-fiction book A Brief History of Time (1988). ④______(“soul smart”) These people try to answer philosophical questions such as, “What’s the meaning of life?” They often become life coaches, theologians or philosophers. Example: The work of ancient Greek philosopher Socrates remains influential in modern philosophy and in the study of ethics. ⑤______(“people smart”) Someone with this sort of intelligence is called a “people person”. They are skilled communicators and make great psychologists, politicians and salespeople. Example: Bill Clinton has a knack for making people like him— he even managed to remain popular after the Monica Lewinsky scandal! ⑥Bodily-kinaesthetic intelligence (“body smart”) Sportspeople, dancers and surgeons are “body smart”. They’ve got impressive hand-eye coordination and excellent motor skills. Example: The late singer Michael Jackson was famous for his impressive dance routines. ⑦Linguistic intelligence (“word smart”) These people love words, and they’re good at using them. If you’re “word smart”, you construct convincing arguments and might become a writer, politician or lawyer. Example: Barack Obama is renowned for his powerful speeches and has written two bestselling books. ⑧______(“self smart”) “Self smart” people enjoy analysing their thoughts and feelings. They might become psychologists, spiritual leaders or philosophers. Example: Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was an Austrian neurologist who is known as the founding father of psychoanalysis. ⑨Spatial intelligence (“picture smart”) People with spatial intelligence are good at interpreting shapes and sizes and the relationship between objects. They tend to work as artists, designers and sculptors. Example: Spanish painter Salvador Dali’s surrealist paintings are full of complex shapes and perspectives. So, which types of intelligence have you got? 1．What does the underlined word “knack” most likely mean in this context? A．habit B．talent C．charm D．trick 2．What terms are supposed to be filled in the blanks respectively? A．①Naturalist intelligence, ④Existential intelligence, ⑤Interpersonal intelligence, ⑧Intra-Personal intelligence B．①Existential intelligence, ④Naturalist intelligence, ⑤Interpersonal intelligence, ⑧Intra-Personal intelligence C．①Naturalist intelligence, ④Interpersonal intelligence, ⑤Intra-Personal intelligence, ⑧Existential intelligence D．①Intra-Personal intelligence, ④Interpersonal intelligence ⑤ Existential intelligence, ⑧Naturalist intelligence 3．Based on the description of different intelligences, which two types of intelligence would likely be most beneficial for a career in advertising? A．Logical-mathematical intelligence and Spatial-intelligence. B．Musical intelligence and Bodily-kinaesthetic intelligence. C．Naturalist intelligence and Existential intelligence. D．Linguistic intelligence and Interpersonal intelligence. 三、人与自然 Passage 1 （23-24高一下·上海复旦附中·期中）Trees are magicians with carbon, pulling it out of the air at remarkable rates to store it in their bodies. They are so good at removing this greenhouse gas that “planting trees” is often synonymous with doing environmental good. And lots of people are planting trees. The number of tree-planting organizations has grown by almost 300 percent in the past 30 years, according to a 2021 paper in the journal Biological Conservation. But while tree planting can capture a great amount of carbon, it is hardly a silver bullet for the climate crisis — express estimate that even if we maximized our available lands for trees, this alone would not be enough to counteract carbon emissions caused by humans. Plus, many plantations grow the same few species in monocultures, which can hurt local biodiversity. The minority of tree plantations are set up with carbon capture solely, or even primarily in mind, says Jacob Bukoski, a forestry scientist at Oregon State University. Most trees are planted with the goal of harvesting timber or wood pulp (木浆) for paper. Tree-planting organizations are more likely to create plantations for commercial reasons, the authors of the 2021 paper also note, rather than for biodiversity or carbon capture. In forestry, there’s a saying that you have to plant “the right tree in the right place, for the right reason.” But when many tree plantations are established for commercial purposes, the tree that is planted is often not the “right” tree, says Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez, an ecologist at the Environmental Change Institute at the University of Oxford. In a paper published recently in the journal Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Aguirre-Gutiérrez and colleagues argue that focusing on the goal of carbon removal by natural process causes organizations to ignore the importance of restoring balanced ecosystems. The result is a collection of trees that do not support local organisms or promote biodiversity in the way native plant species would have. These problems deserve particular notice in tropical areas where land is vast, and conditions such as stable temperatures and high humidity promote tree growth, as ignoring them while planting trees is damaging. When plantations increased the woody cover of the Brazilian savannah by 40 percent, this “resulted in an about 30 percent reduction in the diversity of plants and ants,” Aguirre-Gutiérrez and his co-authors write in the new paper. Aguirre-Gutiérrez doesn’t want to discourage people from growing more trees, he says. Rather, we need a better way to protect the natural ecosystems and species there, like encouraging the restoration of native forest tree species. Local plants will be “better adapted to the conditions” in these environments, he says, which means they, and nearby species, are more likely to thrive. “If we go in that direction, that will bring us the added value of capturing carbon, but also this sustainability.” 1．Experts are concerned about tree plantation to reduce greenhouse partly because ______. A．the number of tree-planting organizations is growing too fast. B．the speed of tree planting falls far behind that of carbon emission. C．the selection of species in tree planting can harm local biodiversity. D．the land available to plant trees is not fully explored and developed. 2．In paragraph 4, “the right reason” refers to ______. A．mass plantation of carbon-absorbing trees B．biodiversity preservation with local species C．harvest of timber or wood pulp for paper D．tree plantation for commercial purposes 3．Why does the author mention “Brazilian savannah” in paragraph 5? A．To show the benefits of planting trees in tropical areas B．To illustrate the vastness and eco-diversity of tropical areas C．To highlight the negative impact of planting trees in tropical areas D．To discourage people from randomly planting trees in tropical areas 4．Which of the following statements will Aguirre-Gutiérrez most likely approve of? A．People and organizations should plant as many trees as they can to capture carbon. B．Plants in tropical areas can thrive better due to its vast land and agreeable climate. C．Preserving biodiversity plays a more sustainable role than capturing carbon only. D．Tree plantation organizations are irresponsible and focus only on making profits. Passage 2 （23-24高一下·上海嘉定·期中）In the dim light of an early autumn evening, Alexander, a hunter: known as much for his solitude as for his skill, ventured into the untamed (原始的) heart of the jungle. Each step he took was measured and careful, a respect for the ancient wilderness where every breath was a story, and man was but a fleeting shadow. For years, whispers of a tiger, not just any tiger but one whose fur caught the last rays of the sun, had reached Alexander. A creature so splendid and fearsome, it was said to be more myth than flesh. On this day, as the shadows lengthened and the jungle whispered its age-old secrets, Alexander sought not just the tiger, but a confrontation with the very essence of the wild itself. As dusk settled, painting the world in colors of gold and shadow, the boundary between predator and prey seemed to dissolve. The air was heavy with anticipation, the kind that precedes storms and stories. Then, in a clearing where the jungle seemed to hold its breath, the tiger appeared. It was as if the sun had woven itself into the fabric of its being, its fur a blend of flame and night. For a moment, the world shrank to the space between the hunter named Alexander and the legend made flesh before him. Their gazes locked, a silent understanding passing between man and beast. Here was Alexander, a man who had walked through shadows to stand in the light of a legend, and the tiger, an embodiment of the wild’s untouchable majesty. In that eternal moment, Alexander saw not a prey but a sovereign of nature, a being whose right to wander the dusk was as undeniable as the setting sun. With a respect born of countless sunsets and the silent tales they told, Alexander slowly lowered his rifle (步枪). The act was not one of defeat but of profound respect-a recognition of the bond that ties every living thing to the pulse of the earth. The tiger, its gaze still locked with Alexander’s, seemed to acknowledge this unspoken pact. Then, it turned and melted into the shadows, leaving behind a trail of twilight. Alexander left the jungle that night without a trophy (战利品), but his soul was alight with a tale of fire and twilight. He had sought a legend and found a truth far greater: in the wild’s heart, where shadows and light dance, there lies a respect so deep it transcends the hunt. This encounter, a dance with the untamed, would echo in Alexander’s heart long after the jungle’s whispers faded into the dawn. 1．What was Alexander’s primary reason for venturing into the jungle? A．To find a place to set up camp. B．To hunt a tiger rumored to have a fur like the setting sun. C．To escape from the challenges of modern life. D．To meet other hunters and share stories. 2．What decision does Alexander make when he finally encounters the tiger? A．He captures the tiger to prove its existence. B．He shoots the tiger to claim his trophy. C．He attempts to trap the tiger but fails D．He lowers his rifle, choosing not to shoot the tiger. 3．The author’s writing style reflects Hemingway’s influence through ________. A．complex language. B．long sentences. C．straightforward storytelling. D．supernatural focus. 4．What theme is most prominently reflected in Alexander’s encounter with the tiger? A．The thrill of the hunt is unparalleled. B．True courage is demonstrated through dominance over nature. C．There is a profound respect that exists between man and nature. D．Technology has distanced man from understanding the natural world. 一、人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海交附嘉定分·期中）Is this the most powerful word in the English language? “The.” It’s present everywhere; we can’t imagine English without it. But it’s not much to look at. Technically, it’s meaningless. And yet this word could be one of the most powerful in the English language. “The” tops the league tables of most frequently used words in English, accounting for 5% of every 100 words used. “‘The’ really is miles above everything else,” says Jonathan Culpeper, professor of linguistics at Lancaster University. But why is this? The answer is two-fold, according to the BBC Radio 4 programme Word of Mouth. George Zipf, a 20th-century U. S. linguist, gave a detailed explanation of the principle of least effort. He predicted that short and simple words would be the most frequent — and he was right. The second reason is that “the” lies at the heart of English grammar. It has a function rather than a meaning. Words are split into two categories: expressions with a semantic (语义的) meaning and functional words like “the,” “to” and “for” that have a job to do. “The” can function in multiple ways. This is typical, explains Gary Thoms, assistant professor of linguistics at New York University. “A super high-usage word will often develop a real flexibility,” says Thoms. Helping us understand what is being referred to, “the” makes sense of nouns as a subject or an object. So even someone with a basic understanding of English can tell the difference between “I ate an apple” and “I ate the apple.” But although “the” has no meaning in itself, “it seems to be able to do things in miraculous ways,” says Michael Rosen, a poet and author. Consider the difference between “he scored a goal” and “he scored the goal.” The inclusion of “the” immediately signals something important about that goal. Perhaps it was the only one of the match? Or maybe it was the clincher that won the league? Context very often determines sense. There are many exceptions regarding the use of the definite article, for example in relation to proper nouns. We wouldn’t expect someone to say “the Jonathan” but it’s not incorrect to say “you’re not the Jonathan I thought you were.” And a football commentator might deliberately say “you’ve got the Lampards in midfield” to mean players like Lampard. This could lead to the belief that “the” is nothing more than a workhorse of the English language — functional but boring. Yet Rosen rejects that view. While primary school children are taught to use “wow” words, choosing “exclaimed” rather than “said,” he doesn’t think any word has more or less “wow” factor than any other. It all depends on how it’s used. “Power in language comes from context… “the” can be a wow word,” he says. 1．Which one of the following reasons is NOT the reason why “the” is the most frequently used word in English? A．“The” is a short word and therefore will appear more frequent. B．“The” serves a grammatical function rather than provides semantic meaning. C．“The” contains only one syllable and is easy to pronounce. D．“The” is highly flexible and help us make sense of nouns. 2．What does “the clincher” mean in paragraph 5? A．The player who scored the goal. B．The decisive goal that helped the team win the game. C．The player who looks like Lampard. D．The important game that helped the team get into the next round. 3．According to the passage, which of the following word contains more “wow factor” than the other three? A．happy B．pleased C．glad D．exhilarated 4．Which one of the following statements is the writer most likely to agree with? A．Although “the” is functional, it is a boring word. B．Under no circumstances can “the” be used with proper nouns. C．“The” contains the least “wow factor” among all English words. D．“The” can be a “wow word” in certain context. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海复旦复兴·期中）At the beginning of the World Series (美职棒总决赛) of 1947, I experienced a completely new emotion, when the National Anthem was played. This time, I thought, it is being played for me, as much as for anyone else. This is organized major league baseball, and I am standing here with all the others; and everything that takes place includes me. About a year later, I went to Atlanta, Georgia, to play in an exhibition game. On the field, for the first time in Atlanta, there were Negroes and whites. Other Negroes, besides me. And I thought: What I have always believed has come to be. And what is it that I have always believed? First, imperfections are human. But wherever human beings were given room to breathe and time to think, those imperfections would disappear, no matter how slowly. I do not believe that we have found or even approached perfection. That is not necessarily in the scheme of human events. Handicaps, stumbling blocks, prejudices — all of these are imperfect. Yet, they have to be reckoned with because they are in the scheme of human events. Whatever obstacles I found made me fight all the harder. But it would have been impossible for me to fight at all without the deep - rooted belief that my fight had a chance. It had a chance because it took place in a free society. Not once was I forced to face and fight an immovable object. Not once was the situation so rigid that I had no chance at all. Free minds and human hearts were at work all around me; and so there was the probability of improvement. I look at my children now, and know that I must still prepare them to meet obstacles and prejudices. But I can tell them that they will never face some of these prejudices because other people have gone before them. And to myself I can say that, because progress is unalterable, many of today’s dogmas (教条) will have vanished by the time they grow into adults. I can say to my children: There is a chance for you. No guarantee, but a chance. And this chance has come to be, because there is nothing static with free people. There is no Middle Ages logic so strong that it can stop the human tide from flowing forward. I do not believe that every person, in every walk of life, can succeed in spite of any handicap. That would be perfection. But I do believe that what I was able to attain came to be because we put behind us the dogmas of the past, discover the truth of today and perhaps find the greatness of tomorrow. 1．What has the author always believed? A．Imperfections are what human beings fight for. B．A free society can facilitate perfection. C．All human beings have imperfections. D．Humans can approach perfection someday. 2．Which of the following does the author most probably agree with? A．The ideas of the past serve as reminders of the future. B．The efforts behind humans count if we are to desolate the past. C．The ever-changingness of society gives humans great promise. D．The importance of children’s creativity can't be too emphasized. 3．What’s the author’s attitude towards the current society? A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic. C．Indifferent. D．Neutral. 4．The author writes the article to______. A．reveal the imperfections of human and society B．value the chance in a free society to better ourselves C．call on human to accept the imperfections and live with a free heart D．encourage people to do more for the country to achieve a brighter future Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海·期中）Victor Frank, the author of Man’s Search for Meaning, once wrote, “Everything can be taken from a person but one thing: the last of human freedoms — to choose one’s attitude in any given set of circumstances. Frank was right. Attitude is a choice. You could be faced with a thousand problems, many or most over which you have absolutely no control. However, there is always one thing you are in complete and absolute control of and that is your own attitude. To be honest, it wasn’t until I was in my late 20s that I finally understood its full impact. All through my teens and into my early adult life, I can’t tell you the number of times that I heard, “Bob, if you’d just change your attitude, you would do a lot better.” At that time, I didn’t know what attitude was, let alone know how to change it! Attitude and results are inseparable. They follow one another as night follows day. One is the cause, while the other, the result. There is a term we use to distinguish this “cause and effect” relationship, which is called the Law of Cause and Effect. Simply stated, if you think in negative terms, you will get negative results; if you think in positive terms, you will achieve positive results. Some people always see wrong things in the world. These individuals are quick to blame circumstances or other people for their problems, rather than accepting responsibility for their life and their attitude. Thus, it would appear as if they were born with bad luck and it has followed them around their whole life. However, there are others who are forever winning and living the good life. They are the real movers and shakers who make things happen. They seem to go from one major accomplishment to another. They’re in control of their life. Their wins are a matter of choice. You can experience that kind of life as well, you only need to decide. Dorothea Brand once said, “Act as if it were impossible to fail,” and I challenge you to do so. By simply becoming aware that you can choose your thoughts each and every day, you will change your entire outlook. You have the power to choose an abundant life no matter what your circumstances are. Don’t wait to experience all the wonderful things the universe has in store for you. Start today by working on your attitude and welcome the abundant life that you are meant to lead. 1．Why does the writer use the example of himself in Paragraph 2? A．To prove attitude changes on its own. B．To show attitude is important to the old. C．To show understanding attitude takes time. D．To prove the author himself was very stubborn. 2．What can we learn from the Law of Cause and Effect? A．Our attitude plays a crucial role in determining the outcomes we experience. B．Luck and chance also play an incredibly important role in the results we get. C．Blaming external circumstances can actually bring benefits to our mental health. D．Negative attitudes may occasionally bring positive results due to external factors. 3．What is the writer’s attitude towards those who believe in the power of positive mindsets? A．Doubtful. B．Objective. C．Supportive. D．Disapproving. 二、人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海杨浦·期中）Last September e-commerce giant Amazon acquired Twitch, a video company, for $970 million. Not long ago a new billion-dollar company would have been a boon to job creation. Yet Twitch employs just 170 workers. The story of Twitch illustrates an important lesson about the digital economy: at the same time it has produced enormous wealth for shareholders and entrepreneurs, it has resulted in few new jobs. In fact, the digitization of the economy may have far-reaching implications for the future of growth and employment. In a series of recent articles on the state of the digital economy, former U. S. treasury secretary Lawrence Summers referred to the notion of secular stagnation, an idea first presented by economist Alvin Hansen during the Great Depression. Hansen’s theory suggested that as population growth slows and the rate of capital-absorbing innovation (that is, investment opportunities created by the arrival of new technologies) slows down, investment will fall, leading to slower economic growth and fewer new jobs. During the growth miracle of the post-war period, Hansen’s theory proved spectacularly wrong. Technological advances during the 1930s and the increase in capital investment associated with World War Ⅱ did enough to promote the economy. After that, the baby boomer generation entered the workforce, pushing the economy ahead. Then, in the 1980s and 1990s, investment in computer and information-processing equipment emerged, facilitating a wide range of entirely new computer-related occupations. But after 2000, when the first wave of IT investment peaked, the demand for new work in the U. S. declined. Without new job-creating industries to take the place of those that came before, the economy might stop developing. The problem is that most industries formed since 2000, electronic auctions, Internet news publishers, social-networking sites, and video-and audio-streaming services, all of which appeared in official industry classifications for the first time in 2010, employ far fewer people than earlier computer-based industries. The reason these businesses create so few jobs is that they require so little capital to get started. According to a recent survey of 96 mobile app developers, for example, the average cost to develop an app was $6,453. Instant-messaging software firm WhatsApp started with $250,000; it employed just 55 workers at the time Facebook announced it was buying the company for $19 billion. All explains why new technologies throughout the 2000s have brought forth so few new jobs. According to my own research with Thor Berger of Lund University in Sweden, in 2010 only-about 0.5 percent of the U. S. workforce was employed in industries that did not exist a decade earlier. 1．According to the first two paragraphs, Twitch is a company that ______. A．owns a large market share B．is a traditional retail business C．brings promising future for employment D．generates wealth with relatively fewer employees 2．Which of the following statements is true of secular stagnation? A．After World War II, it was proven to be a valid concept. B．It foresaw the rise of rapidly developing IT technology. C．It was unknown until Lawrence Summers brought it up. D．It accounted for fewer job opportunities against the digital economy background. 3．The survey and its results are mentioned in the last paragraph in order to ______ A．Illustrate the limited number of jobs that mobile app developers generated at the start. B．Emphasize the fact that the digitalization of the economy will be a long-term feature. C．Prove that secular stagnation has occurred despite the new industries. D．Show how minimal the capital that new businesses needed was when they started. 4．What can be inferred from the passage? A．The baby boomer generation witnessed a decline in the rate of economic growth. B．Old industries contribute more to the labor market than newly-emerged ones. C．The future direction of the digital economy’s development is still undetermined. D．As a company’s dependence on technology increases, its need for employees decreases. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海交大附中·期中）Cruise on the brand-new D’Virgos! Here’s a heavenly treat for all Virgos. If your birthday falls between 23 August and 22 September, enjoy a FREE cruise on the brand-new D’Virgos, when accompanied by a full paying partner. Simply book by 30 June to enjoy this offer. 2-Night Malacca or Redang Cruise Departure: Wed-$616 for 2 persons (Usual Price: $1076) 2-Night Cruise to nowhere Departure: Fri-$806 for 2 persons (Usual Price: $1456) 2-Night Langkawi Cruise Departure: Fri-$836 for 2 persons (Usual Price: $1516) 3-Night Penang or Phuket Cruise Departure: Sun-$1044 for 2 persons (Usual Price: $1834) All fares are based on twin-sharing and include passenger handling fee and fuel surcharge. To enjoy the offer, at least one passenger must be born between 23 Aug-22 Sept and cruising with a full-paying passenger sharing the same cabin. Applicable for new bookings only. Promotion is subject to cabin availability and is capacity controlled. Catch the world-famous singing JUMBOS at Stars Theatre ◇Live performance on D’Virgos at $38 per person ◇Only on 29&31 Aug departures ◇No admission for those below age 12 Other ATTRACTIONS ◇Traditional game stalls — attractive prizes to be won ◇Balloon sculpturing workshop (only from l to 27 Aug) ◇International buffets-sizzling steaks, delicious kebabs and tasty satays ◇Cooking demonstration by renowned chef, Oliver Twist, on new cuisine (Only on 31 Aug) Call any of our 3 appointed travel agents for bookings. Business Hours: Mon-Fri, 10 am-7 pm. Sat 10 am-5 pm (Closed on Sun and Public Holidays) Six Stars Tours Tel: 65335555 MISA Travel Tel: 65381098 Tourworld Travel & Cruise Tel: 63386888 The Birthday offer will not be extended beyond the deadline. 1．What exactly is the promotion mentioned in this advertisement? A．Virgo Customers can enjoy 50% off for any order they place. B．Two customers can enjoy two single rooms at the price of one room, but have to pay their own handling fee and fuel surcharge. C．If one customer is travelling with someone whose zodiac sign is Virgo, he/ she doesn’t have to pay at all. D．Two customers, one of whom is born between 23 August and 22 September, can enjoy half price for a twin room, excluding handling fee and fuel surcharge 2．Mr. and Mrs. Tay have signed up for the promotion package but they are only able to apply for 1 day of leave during the week day. Which one of the following packages should they get? A．3-Night Phuket Cruise. B．2-Night Redang Cruise. C．2-Night Malacca Cruise. D．2-Night Cruise to nowhere. 3．Which is the best date for a music and food enthusiast to take the cruise? A．23 August. B．27 August. C．29 August. D．31 August. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海顾村·期中）Eton, a ten-year-old boy, used to go for a walk with his father every day on a nearby hill. One day the boy said, “Dad, let’s have a race today. One who touches top of hill first, wins the race.” Father agreed. Both of them started running toward hilltop. After running for some time, Father suddenly stopped. Eton asked, “What happened? Why did you stop suddenly? Have you accepted your defeat already?” “No, some pebbles (砾石) got stuck in my shoes. I stopped to remove them.” Father replied. “Some pebbles got stuck in my shoes too, but I don’t care. Once I touch top then I will remove them.” Eton replied. Saying this, the boy ran ahead fast. Father removed pebbles from his shoes and moved ahead. Eton had gone far ahead, but now he started feeling pain in his feet because of the pebbles stuck in his shoes and his running speed started to decrease. Gradually, Father came close to him. Seeing his boy. Father shouted from behind, “Why don’t you remove pebbles from your shoes first?” “But I don’t have time for this!” said the boy. In a short white, Father overtook him. Eton’s pain bad increased a lot due to the pricking pebbles and now he was not even able to walk. He stopped there and screamed. “Dad, I can’t run any more.” Father quickly ran back and took off Eton’s shoes and saw that his feet were injured. Father took the boy back home and applied some medicine to the injuries. When pain subsided a bit, he talked to the boy, “Son, I told you to first remove your pebbles and then go on with the race.” “But I want to win the race first,” Eton said. “It is not like that son, if any problem come in our life, then we should not delay solving them by saying that we don’t have time right now. It would have taken you hardly one minute to remove that pebble but now to save that one minute, you will have to suffer from pain for one week”, Father said. 1．What was the underlying reason for Eton’s insistence on not removing the pebbles? A．His overemphasis on the result of winning the race clouded his judgment. B．He firmly wanted to show his father that he could endure the pain. C．He didn’t know the most efficient way to remove the pebbles quickly. D．He was influenced by a competitive environment that valued speed above all. 2．Which of the following best describes the father’s attitude towards the race? A．He was extremely eager to win the race and took it very seriously. B．He thought the race was just a casual activity and didn’t care about the result at all. C．He regarded the race as a way to teach his son a life lesson rather than just a competition. D．He considered the race a precious chance to fully prove his remarkable physical strength. 3．What does “the pebbles stuck in the shoes” symbolize? A．Temporary setbacks that can be overcome with determination. B．Small problems that, if neglected, can grow into major obstacles. C．Hidden dangers that can interrupt one’s journey if not detected early. D．Minor annoyances that should be endured for the sake of a greater goal. 4．Based on the story, what can we infer about Eton’s character? A．He is self-centered and believes he can overcome any obstacle with his own wisdom. B．He is sociable but refuses to listen to anyone’s advice, even when it is clearly beneficial. C．He is lazy and tries to avoid any task that requires extra effort, like removing the pebbles. D．He is highly competitive but lacks the ability to think sensibly in the face of challenges. 三、人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海复旦复兴·期中）In June 1894, Harper’s Bazaar highlighted currants (醋栗), noting that over forty of the sixty known currant varieties were of American origin, including the black currant, white currant, and red currant. Currants were once common in 19th-century US recipes, but they have since disappeared, while they remain popular in the UK for jams and jellies. Even confectionery (糖果) flavors differ: black currant in the UK and grape in the US. This change is due to a forgotten war launched by the US government against currants. Currants come in black, red, or white and are typically sour. They grew wild in North America for centuries and were used by Native American communities for cooking and medicinal purposes. Early colonists introduced European varieties, and by the 19th century, currants were used in jams, jellies, wines, and remedies. By the early 20th century, the US was producing European currants on a large scale, especially in New York. However, New York was also home to the eastern white pine, a crucial source of wood. The import of pine seedlings from Europe introduced Cronartium Ribicola, a fungus (真菌) which infected white pine trees with a disease called white pine blister rust. Efforts to get rid of the disease included banning white pine imports, but by 1921, the disease had spread across the US, threatening the wood industry. The fungus needed two hosts: pine trees and currant plants. To fight against the disease, the US government initiated a program to remove currant plants in 1916, which led to the destruction of them across the country. The program destroyed both European and native currant species, including those used medicinally by native communities like the Menominee Tribe. The efforts were ultimately unsustainable and ceased by the late 1960s, but the damage was done. White pine blister rust persisted, and currant cultivation remained restricted in many states. This campaign changed American cooking habits greatly, making currants unfamiliar to most. By the mid-20th century, currant recipes had nearly disappeared from American cookbooks. 1．The first paragraph is intended to______. A．highlight the varieties of currants and their origins B．explain the historical significance of currants in the US C．describe the previous popularity of currants in the US and the UK D．introduce the topic of currants and their decline in American cooking 2．Which of the following is a feature of currants? A．They vary in color. B．They originated in Europe. C．They taste sweet when ripe. D．They were mainly used for medical purposes. 3．What was the primary reason for the US government’s campaign against currants? A．To promote the growth of other fruits. B．To protect the eastern white pine trees. C．To make space for other agricultural crops. D．To improve the flavor of American confectionery. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．What the history and varieties of currants in the US are. B．How currants were used by Native American communities. C．Why confectionery flavors differ between the US and the UK. D．Why currants are not as common as they used to be in the US. 2 / 41 1 / 41 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读理解（说明文） 一、人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海通河·期中）“When I use a word,” Humpty Dumpty said, “it means just what I choose to mean—neither more nor less.” —THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS I agree with Mr. Dumpty: Words have meaning. But surely we can seize upon a meaning and then create a word to match it. The following words — some culled from the crowdsourced online dictionary urbandictionary.com and others I’ve concocted myself — don’t exist according to Merriam-Webster…but should. I call them “worderfuls.” - blamestorming n. — the act of attempting to identify the person who is most at fault for a plan’s failure - cellfish n. — someone who talks on the phone to the exclusion of those he or she is with - chairdrobe n. — a chair on which one piles clothes that belong in the closet, not to be confused with a floordrobe - chiptease n. — a bag of potato chips that seems full but is mostly air - dullema n. — the choice between two equally boring outcomes - epiphinot n. — an idea that seems like an amazing insight to the conceiver but is in fact pointless, mundane, stupid, or incorrect - errorist n. — someone who is repeatedly or invariably wrong - nonversation n. — a completely meaningless or useless conversation - pregret v. — to know what you’ re about to do is wrong, wrong, wrong while also knowing you will do it anyway - unlighten v. — to learn something that makes you dumber 1．According to the writer, “worderfuls” refer to words ________. A．that are collected by online dictionaries B．that already exist but have a new meaning C．that are made up to match certain meanings D．that have been included in Merriam-Webster 2．Which of the following words can be illustrated by the picture below? A．blamestorming B．chairdrobe C．chiptease D．epiphinot 【答案】1．C 2．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了从众包在线词典urban dictionary.com上挑出来的或作者自己创造的一些词。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“But surely we can seize upon a meaning and then create a word to match it. The following words — some culled from the crowdsourced online dictionary urbandictionary.com and others I’ve concocted myself — don’t exist according to Merriam-Webster…but should. I call them “worderfuls.”(但我们可以确定一个含义，然后创造一个与之对应的词汇。以下这些词汇——其中一些取自网络众筹词典“urbanictionary.com”，而另外一些则是我自己编造的——在《韦氏词典》中并不存在……但它们应该存在。我称它们为“worderfuls”)”可知，worderfuls指的是为了配合特定的意思而编造出来的词，故选C。 2．推理判断题。观察图片可知，图中有很多衣服放在椅子上，根据文中的“chairdrobe n. — a chair on which one piles clothes that belong in the closet, not to be confused with a floordrobe(“chairdrobe”名词——一种放置衣物的椅子，这些衣物属于衣柜内的衣物，与“floorrobe”（地板式衣柜）不能混淆)”可知，这幅图可以阐明chairdrobe这个词，故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海复旦复兴·期中）Kim accepted the vegetable with a polite bow and quickly ran back to her classmates, relieved that she had finally overcome, even if only slightly, what many South Koreans view as one of their greatest obstacles to global competitiveness: anxiety about speaking English with foreigners, particularly Westerners. Kim was among 300 junior high school students participating in a week-long program at the newly constructed “English Village.” Located in the South Korean countryside,the complex appears as though an entire European town has been transplanted there as a mini-town,complete with its own immigration office, city hall, bookstore,cafeteria,gymnasium, a main street lined with Western-style shops, police officers, and even.a resident community of 160 native English-speaking instructors. To ensure a completely immersive English environment, all signs are exclusively in English, and the use of Korean is strictly prohibited. During their six-day stay for the course, for a fee of 80,000 won (approximately $82), students must conduct daily activities — such as checking into a hotel, shopping, cooking classes, and producing music videos — entirely in English.Specially designated “language police”: patrol the village, imposing fines in the village’s currency or marking red dots on student passports as penalties for speaking Korean. In recent decades, South Korea has adopted one of the most vigorous approaches in Asia toward English education. English proficiency has evolved from being simply a necessary tool for international communication to a significant indicator of social status and professional advancement. Outside the regular school curriculum, Korean parents collectively spend an estimated 10 trillion won annually on private English lessons, overseas study programs,and personal tutoring. Despite this intensive focus, many university graduates still exhibit significant hesitation when required to engage in English conversations with native speakers. Linguists attribute this to a national education system historically oriented toward grammar drills and vocabulary memorization, often at the-expense of practical speaking skills and real-world conversational practice. At Korea University in Seoul, 30 percent of all classes are now conducted in English. In today’s South Korea,fluency in English is no longer just an academic asset — it has become a key factor in determining one’s social and professional status. Today, at Korea University in Seoul,around 30 percent of all courses are conducted in English, underscoring how fluency in the language is no longer merely academic but increasingly essential for defining one’s social standing and professional opportunities in South Korea. 1．What was Kim Hyo Jin’s problem? A．She had difficulties in understanding English grammar rules. B．She dared not talk with westerners in English. C．She was afraid of looking at the English teacher. D．She experienced discomfort from being separated from classmates. 2．Which of the following accurately describes the “English Villge”? A．It is built to resemble an actual European town. B．It houses 460 students simultaneously each week C．Students must obey the English-only rule. D．All signs are presented in both English and Korean. 3．What problem do Korean students typically face in traditional English education? A．Limited exposure to English vocabulary and grammar. B．Insufficient opportunities to practice spoken English. C．Lack of qualified native English-speaking teachers. D．Excessive emphasis on conversational fluency. 4．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．Let’s Read in English B．English as a Global Language C．South Korea’s English Village Experiment D．The Changing Role of English in South Korea 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了韩国为提升英语教育水平而建立的“英语村”项目及其成效与问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Kim accepted the vegetable with a polite bow and quickly ran back to her classmates, relieved that she had finally overcome, even if only slightly, what many South Koreans view as one of their greatest obstacles to global competitiveness: anxiety about speaking English with foreigners, particularly Westerners.(Kim礼貌地鞠了一躬，接过了蔬菜，然后迅速跑回了她的同学们身边。她感到如释重负，因为她终于克服了 —— 哪怕只是稍稍克服了 —— 许多韩国人认为是他们在全球竞争力方面最大的障碍之一：与外国人（尤其是西方人）说英语时的焦虑情绪。)”可知，Kim Hyo Jin的问题是她不敢用英语和西方人交谈。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“To ensure a completely immersive English environment,all signs are exclusively in English, and the use of Korean is strictly prohibited. (为了确保一个完全沉浸式的英语环境，所有的标志都是英文的，严格禁止使用韩语。)”可知，“英语村”中学生必须遵守只说英语的规定。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Linguists attribute this to a national education system historically oriented toward grammar drills and vocabulary memorization, often at the-expense of practical speaking skills and real-world conversational practice. (语言学家将此归因于韩国历史上以语法练习和词汇记忆为导向的教育体系，这种体系往往以牺牲实际的口语技能和现实世界的会话练习为代价。)”可知，韩国学生在传统英语教育中通常面临的问题是缺乏练习英语口语的机会。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段中“Kim was among 300 junior high school students participating in a week-long program at the newly constructed “English Village.” Located in the South Korean countryside,the complex appears as though an entire European town has been transplanted there as a mini-town,complete with its own immigration office, city hall, bookstore,cafeteria,gymnasium, a main street lined with Western-style shops, police officers, and even.a resident community of 140 native English-speaking instructors. To ensure a completely immersive English environment, all signs are exclusively in English, and the use of Korean is strictly prohibited. (金是300名参加了在新建的 “英语村” 为期一周项目的初中生之一。这个建筑群位于韩国乡村，看上去仿佛一整个欧洲小镇被迁移到了这里，成了一个迷你小镇，里面有自己的移民局、市政厅、书店、自助餐厅、体育馆，还有一条主街，两旁是西式商店，有警察，甚至还有由140名以英语为母语的教师组成的常驻社区。为了确保营造一个完全沉浸式的英语环境，所有标识都只用英语，并且严格禁止使用韩语。)”可知，文章主要讲述了韩国为提升英语教育水平而建立的“英语村”项目，包括其环境、规则、效果以及传统英语教育存在的问题等，所以C选项“South Korea’s English Village Experiment (韩国的英语村实验)”最符合文章主旨，是本文的最佳标题。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海七宝中学·期中）Best Places to Eat in Greenland Greenland is home to a crop of excellent restaurants, where a growing number of restaurants are shining a spotlight on modern Greenlandic food inspired by tradition. Restaurant Hvide The Greenlandic buffet is a favourite among travellers. You’ll find traditional snacks like dried fish as well as cooked fish dishes and hearty stews (丰富的炖菜). All are accompanied by a relaxing atmosphere and beautiful views. Buffet £50 per person. Restaurant Roklubben As one of the most unexpected but most beautifully situated restaurants, it sits in a spot overlooking Lake Ferguson. Modern dishes are served inside a red-painted wooden cabin decorated with old photos and checked tablecloths. Bookings include a free shuttle bus to take you there. Mains from £34. Restaurant Icefiord Come here for fine dining with great sea views of the icebergs. This high-end restaurant serves dishes that combine Greenlandic ingredients (原料) with New Nordic preparation. The fish is sourced directly from local fishermen. Three courses £60; five courses £112. Restaurant H8 You’ll have to hike, sail or even dogsled (乘狗拉雪橇) to get here. Set in the village, Restaurant H8 is a charming wooden house built in 1894, right on the water. Meals can be combined with a guided walk around the colourful local settlement. Lunch and a snowshoe hiking tour from £212 per person. 1．What do we know about Restaurant Hvide? A．It was built in 1894. B．It serves traditional snacks. C．It serves modern dishes. D．It has the highest price per person. 2．Where can customers enjoy great sea views of icebergs? A．At Restaurant H8. B．At Restaurant Icefiord. C．At Restaurant Hvide. D．At Restaurant Roklubben. 3．What do Restaurant Roklubben and Restaurant H8 have in common? A．They both offer free transportation. B．They are both decorated with old photos. C．They both have wooden rooms for meals. D．They both provide a guided walk around the village. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个格陵兰岛最佳用餐地点的情况。 1．细节理解题。根据Restaurant Hvide部分“You’ll find traditional snacks like dried fish as well as cooked fish dishes and hearty stews (丰富的炖菜).(你会发现像鱼干这样的传统小吃，以及煮熟的鱼菜和丰盛的炖菜)”可知该餐厅供应传统小吃，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据Restaurant Icefiord部分“Come here for fine dining with great sea views of the icebergs.(来这里享用美食，欣赏冰山的海景)”可知在该餐厅能欣赏到冰山海景，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据Restaurant Roklubben部分“Modern dishes are served inside a red-painted wooden cabin decorated with old photos and checked tablecloths.(现代菜肴在一间漆成红色的木屋里供应，木屋里装饰着旧照片和格子桌布)”以及Restaurant H8部分“Set in the village, Restaurant H8 is a charming wooden house built in 1834, right on the water.(H8餐厅坐落在村庄里，是一座建于1834年的迷人木屋，就在水面上)”可知，二者都有供用餐的木屋，故选C。 二、人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海徐汇·期中）Physicist Albert-László Barabási recently published a book—The Formula: The Universal Laws of Success—laying out his and his colleagues’ research into the nature of success with a simple equation. The degree of success for a given product, scientific paper, artwork, or other venture, represented by “S,” is broken down into two components: the essentially random quality of the underlying idea, symbolized by “r,” and the ability of the creator behind the project to actually bring ideas in a given field to fruition, which Barabási calls the “Q-factor.” With that framework in mind, success is the product of the random initial idea and the Q-factor of the creator: S= Qr. As an example of the importance of both components of the success formula, Barabási points out that Steve Jobs—someone with an undoubtedly high Q-factor in the field of designing consumer electronics—had a list of unsuccessful products to his name as well. Barabási wrote, “Think AppleLisa, NeXT, the G-4Cube, MobileMe. Never heard of them? They’re among Jobs’s many failures. If an idea has a small r value, no matter how high the Q, the product will be cheapened.” Of course, Barabási also noted that a strong combination of a capable, high-Q-factor creator with a really good initial idea could enhance each other and create extremely successful results: “Think of the iPhone—a fantastic idea with brilliant execution, resulting in the product that defined Jobs’s legacy.” One perhaps surprising result Barabási found was that a given individual’s Q-factor in a particular field tended to stay more or less constant over time. That is, a creator’s ability to take advantage of good ideas in their field neither improved with experience nor declined with age. That presents a double-edged sword to anyone trying to find success in their career. On the one hand, repeated struggles in a particular field could suggest an underlying lack of talent in that field. Barabási wrote, “if our Q-factor doesn’t work well with our job, we should consider if we’ve pinned our hopes on the wrong career path.” On the other hand, the relative constancy of a Q-factor in a given field means that one’s best work can happen at any point in their career. Barabási gave the example of the physicist John Fenn, who after a long and fairly low-impact scientific career developed a revolutionary technique for measuring the masses of large molecules at the age of 67. Fenn would later go on to win the 2002 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his late-career work. Barabási’s research suggests that a good way to succeed is to find what you are good at and then keep trying new things in that field. “The key to long-term success from a creator’s perspective is straightforward: let the qualities that give you your Q-factor do their job by giving them a chance to deliver success over and over,” he wrote. 1．According to the formula, which of the following is NOT a factor in achieving long-term success? A．A brilliant and talented idea. B．A proper price for the products. C．The ability to put the idea into practice. D．Perseverance in trying new things. 2．Why are AppleLisa, NeXT, the G-4 Cube and MobileMe not as successful as iPhone? A．Because Jobs lacked talent when working on these products. B．Because the ideas behind them were not of high quality. C．Because they were not developed by Jobs. D．Because they were not Jobs’s legacies. 3．Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? A．Barabási worked out the formula based on his research in cooperation with his colleagues. B．A good idea plays a significant role in the ultimate success of a product or artwork. C．If you have a low Q-factor, you may have a try at changing your career path. D．The physicist John Fenn didn’t make much scientific impact because of his old age. 4．What is the main idea Barabási wants to convey in his book? A．The key to success lies in finding what you are good at and sticking with it. B．A person’s ability remains more or less constant over his or her lifetime. C．Success in a person’s career presents a double-edged sword. D．You need to give yourself chances to deliver success over and over again. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了巴拉巴西在其书中提出的成功公式 “S=Qr”，并通过具体例子阐述了影响成功的因素，还探讨了该公式对人们追求成功的启示。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段 “Physicist Albert-László Barabási recently published a book—The Formula: The Universal Laws of Success—laying out his and his colleagues’ research into the nature of success with a simple equation. The degree of success for a given product, scientific paper, artwork, or other venture, represented by “S,” is broken down into two components: the essentially random quality of the underlying idea, symbolized by “r,” and the ability of the creator behind the project to actually bring ideas in a given field to fruition, which Barabási calls the “Q-factor.” With that framework in mind, success is the product of the random initial idea and the Q-factor of the creator: S= Qr.(物理学家Albert-László Barabási最近出版了一本书——《公式：成功的普遍法则》——用一个简单的方程式阐述了他和他的同事对成功本质的研究。一个给定的产品、科学论文、艺术品或其他投资的成功程度，用“S”来表示，可以分为两个部分：一个是潜在想法的本质随机性，用“r”来表示；另一个是项目背后的创造者将特定领域的想法付诸实践的能力，Barabási称之为“q因素”。在这个框架下，成功是随机初始想法和创造者q因素的产物：S= Qr)”可知，成功是随机的初始想法和创造者的 Q 因子的乘积：S = Qr。由此可知，成功与初始想法的质量以及将想法付诸实践的 Q 因子有关，对应选项 A “一个绝妙而有天赋的想法” 和选项 C “将想法付诸实践的能力”。再根据最后一段 “a good way to succeed is to find what you are good at and then keep trying new things in that field(成功的一个好方法是找到自己擅长的东西，然后在那个领域不断尝试新事物)”可知，选项 D “坚持尝试新事物” 也是取得长期成功的因素。而选项 B “产品的合理价格” 在文章中未提及，故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Think AppleLisa, NeXT, the G - 4 Cube, MobileMe. Never heard of them? They’ re among Jobs’s many failures. If an idea has a small r value, no matter how high the Q, the product will be cheapened.(想想AppleLisa、NeXT、G - 4 Cube、MobileMe。没听说过它们？它们是乔布斯众多失败产品中的一部分。如果一个想法的 r 值很小，无论 Q 值有多高，产品都会贬值)”可推知，这些产品不如 iPhone 成功是因为它们背后的想法质量不高，即 r 值较小，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段“Barabási gave the example of the physicist John Fenn, who after a long and fairly low - impact scientific career developed a revolutionary technique for measuring the masses of large molecules at the age of 67. Fenn would later go on to win the 2002 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his late - career work.(Barabási举了物理学家John Fenn的例子，他在漫长且影响相当小的科学生涯后，在 67 岁时开发了一种测量大分子质量的革命性技术。Fenn后来因他职业生涯后期的工作获得了 2002 年诺贝尔化学奖)”可知，约翰・芬恩在晚年取得了重大科学成就，选项 D“物理学家John Fenn因为年龄大没有产生太大的科学影响” 错误，故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Barabási’s research suggests that a good way to succeed is to find what you are good at and then keep trying new things in that field. “The key to long-term success from a creator’s perspective is straightforward: let the qualities that give you your Q-factor do their job by giving them a chance to deliver success over and over,” he wrote.(Barabási的研究表明，成功的一个好方法是找到自己擅长的东西，然后在那个领域不断尝试新事物。“从创造者的角度来看，长期成功的关键很简单：通过给赋予你 Q 因子的特质一个反复取得成功的机会，让它们发挥作用，” 他写道)”可知，巴拉巴西在书中主要想传达的观点是成功的关键在于找到自己擅长的事情并坚持下去，故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海中学·期中）There is plenty of complaints about how social media-texting in particular — may be harming children’s social and intellectual development. But a new study suggests that constant instant messaging (IM’ing) and texting among teens may also provide benefits, particularly for those who are introverted (内向的). British researchers studied instant messages exchanged by 231 teens, aged 14 to 18. All of the participants were “regular” or “extensive” IM’ers. In the U. S., two thirds of teens use instant messaging services regularly, with a full third messaging at least once every day. The researchers analyzed 150 conversations in the study, and reported the results in the journal Computers in Human Behavior. In 100 of these chats, the study participant began IM’ing while in a negative emotional state such as sadness, distress or anger. The rest were conversations begun when the participant was feeling good or neutral. After the chat, participants reported about a 20% reduction in their distress — not enough to completely eliminate it, but enough to leave them feeling better than they had before reaching out. “Our findings suggest that IM’ing between distressed adolescents and their peers may provide emotional relief and consequently contribute to their well-being,” the authors write, noting that prior research has shown that people assigned to talk to a stranger either in real life or online improved their mood in both settings, but even more with IM. And people who talk with their real-life friends online also report feeling closer to them than those who just communicate face-to-face, implying a strengthening of their bond. Why would digital communication do better than human contact? The reasons are complex, but may have something to do with the fact that users can control expression of sadness and other emotions via IM without revealing emotional elements like tears that some may consider as embarrassing or sources of discomfort. Studies also show that the anonymity (匿名) of writing on a device blankets the users in a sense of safety that may cause people to feel more comfortable in sharing and discussing their deepest and most authentic feelings. Prior research has shown that expressive writing itself can “vent” emotions and provide a sense of relief — and doing so, knowing that your words are reaching a sympathetic friend, may provide even more comfort and potentially be therapeutic. Researchers also found that introverted participants reported more relief from IM conversations when they were distressed than extroverts did. Susan Cain, author of Quiet wrote recently for TIME: Introverts are often brimming over with thoughts and care deeply for their friends, family and colleagues. But even the most socially skilled introverts sometimes long for a free pass from socializing or talking on the phone. This is what the Internet offers: the chance to connect — but in measured doses and from behind a screen. 1．The underlined word “vent” in paragraph 5 most probably means ______. A．control B．maintain C．release D．conceal 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Teens are more likely to send instant messages when feeling distressed. B．Instant messaging can help completely remove teens’ negative emotions. C．Chat via instant messaging services makes participants feel good or calm. D．Constant instant messaging can help teens control their negative emotions. 3．What does the digital communication enable users to do? A．Find more sympathetic friends. B．Share and discuss more information. C．Produce more expressive writings. D．Avoid embarrassment and discomfort. 4．What can be concluded from the new study by British researchers? A．Instant messaging will prevent children’s social and intellectual development. B．Introverted teens may benefit from constant instant messaging. C．Teens feeling bad often feel closer to real-life friends than to the net friends. D．American teens aged 14 to 18 are extensive instant messaging users. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，即时通讯（IM）对内向的青少年有好处，能提供情感上的慰藉，让他们感觉更好。 1．词句猜测题。根据第五段中的“Studies also show that the anonymity (匿名) of writing on a device blankets the users in a sense of safety that may cause people to feel more comfortable in sharing and discussing their deepest and most authentic feelings. Prior research has shown that expressive writing itself can “vent” emotions and provide a sense of relief—and doing so, knowing that your words are reaching a sympathetic friend, may provide even more comfort and potentially be therapeutic.(研究还表明，在设备上书写的匿名性让用户有一种安全感，这可能会让人们在分享和讨论他们最深刻、最真实的感受时感觉更舒服。先前的研究表明，富有表现力的写作本身可以“vent”情绪，并提供一种解脱感 —— 而且知道自己的话能传达给有同情心的朋友，这样做可能会提供更多的安慰，并有可能起到治疗作用。)”可知，此处说的是写作能提供解脱感，所以此处指的是写作本身能“释放”情绪，由此可知，划线单词的意思与“释放”意义相近。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In 100 of these chats, the study participant began IM’ing while in a negative emotional state such as sadness, distress or anger. The rest were conversations begun when the participant was feeling good or neutral.(在这些聊天中，有100次，研究参与者在处于悲伤、痛苦或愤怒等负面情绪状态时开始即时通讯。其余的是参与者感觉良好或中立时开始的对话。)”可知，青少年在感到痛苦时更有可能发送即时消息。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Why would digital communication do better than human contact? The reasons are complex, but may have something to do with the fact that users can control expression of sadness and other emotions via IM without revealing emotional elements like tears that some may consider as embarrassing or sources of discomfort.(为什么数字通信比人与人之间的接触效果更好呢？原因很复杂，但可能与这样一个事实有关，即用户可以通过即时通讯控制悲伤和其他情绪的表达，而不会透露一些人可能认为尴尬或不舒服的情绪因素，比如眼泪。)”可知，数字通信能让用户避免尴尬和不舒服。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But a new study suggests that constant instant messaging (IM’ing) and texting among teens may also provide benefits, particularly for those who are introverted (内向的).(但一项新的研究表明，青少年之间持续的即时通讯（IM）和短信也可能有好处，尤其是对那些内向的青少年。)”以及最后一段中的“Researchers also found that introverted participants reported more relief from IM conversations when they were distressed than extroverts did.(研究人员还发现，内向的参与者在感到痛苦时，通过即时通讯对话获得的解脱感比外向的参与者更多。)”可推断，内向的青少年可能从持续的即时通讯中受益。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海浦东新·期中）People are smart, average or stupid, right? Wrong. According to a famous 1983 study by psychologist Howard Gardner, there are actually nine types of intelligence. And everyone has at least one of them.①______(“nature smart”) These people feel a close connection with nature. If you’re “nature smart”, you might become a farmer, a tree doctor or a chef. Example: Jane Goodall is a famous chimpanzee expert who has spent long periods of time living with chimps and studying their habits. ②Musical intelligence (“musical smart”) People with musical intelligence can recognise musical patterns and tunes quite easily. They’re likely to become musicians, conductors or music critics. ③Logical-mathematical intelligence (“number smart”) Number smart people are analytical, think logically and enjoy studying patterns. They make good mathematicians, scientists or inventors. Example: Physicist Stephen Hawking has done a lot of important work on the Big Bang Theory and wrote the best-selling non-fiction book A Brief History of Time (1988). ④______(“soul smart”) These people try to answer philosophical questions such as, “What’s the meaning of life?” They often become life coaches, theologians or philosophers. Example: The work of ancient Greek philosopher Socrates remains influential in modern philosophy and in the study of ethics. ⑤______(“people smart”) Someone with this sort of intelligence is called a “people person”. They are skilled communicators and make great psychologists, politicians and salespeople. Example: Bill Clinton has a knack for making people like him— he even managed to remain popular after the Monica Lewinsky scandal! ⑥Bodily-kinaesthetic intelligence (“body smart”) Sportspeople, dancers and surgeons are “body smart”. They’ve got impressive hand-eye coordination and excellent motor skills. Example: The late singer Michael Jackson was famous for his impressive dance routines. ⑦Linguistic intelligence (“word smart”) These people love words, and they’re good at using them. If you’re “word smart”, you construct convincing arguments and might become a writer, politician or lawyer. Example: Barack Obama is renowned for his powerful speeches and has written two bestselling books. ⑧______(“self smart”) “Self smart” people enjoy analysing their thoughts and feelings. They might become psychologists, spiritual leaders or philosophers. Example: Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was an Austrian neurologist who is known as the founding father of psychoanalysis. ⑨Spatial intelligence (“picture smart”) People with spatial intelligence are good at interpreting shapes and sizes and the relationship between objects. They tend to work as artists, designers and sculptors. Example: Spanish painter Salvador Dali’s surrealist paintings are full of complex shapes and perspectives. So, which types of intelligence have you got? 1．What does the underlined word “knack” most likely mean in this context? A．habit B．talent C．charm D．trick 2．What terms are supposed to be filled in the blanks respectively? A．①Naturalist intelligence, ④Existential intelligence, ⑤Interpersonal intelligence, ⑧Intra-Personal intelligence B．①Existential intelligence, ④Naturalist intelligence, ⑤Interpersonal intelligence, ⑧Intra-Personal intelligence C．①Naturalist intelligence, ④Interpersonal intelligence, ⑤Intra-Personal intelligence, ⑧Existential intelligence D．①Intra-Personal intelligence, ④Interpersonal intelligence ⑤ Existential intelligence, ⑧Naturalist intelligence 3．Based on the description of different intelligences, which two types of intelligence would likely be most beneficial for a career in advertising? A．Logical-mathematical intelligence and Spatial-intelligence. B．Musical intelligence and Bodily-kinaesthetic intelligence. C．Naturalist intelligence and Existential intelligence. D．Linguistic intelligence and Interpersonal intelligence. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了心理学家霍华德·加德纳提出的九种智能类型及其特点。 1．词句猜测题。根据⑤______(“people smart”)部分中“Someone with this sort of intelligence is called a “people person”. They are skilled communicators and make great psychologists, politicians and salespeople. (拥有这种智慧的人被称为“善于与人相处的人”。他们是沟通高手，能成为优秀的心理学家、政治家和销售人员)”以及“Bill Clinton has a knack for making people like him — he even managed to remain popular after the Monica Lewinsky scandal! (比尔·克林顿有一种让人喜欢他的knack——他甚至在莫妮卡·莱温斯基丑闻之后仍然很受欢迎!)”可知，此处指比尔·克林顿有让人喜欢他的天赋，所以knack意为“诀窍，天赋”，与alent意思相符。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据①______(“nature smart”)部分中“These people feel a close connection with nature. (这些人与自然有着密切的联系)”可知，此处指人的自然智能，所以①处应填Naturalist intelligence“自然智能”；根据④______(“soul smart”)部分中“These people try to answer philosophical questions such as, “What’s the meaning of life?” (这些人试图回答哲学问题，比如“生命的意义是什么?”)”可知，此处指人的存在智能，所以④处应填Existential intelligence“存在智能”；根据⑤______(“people smart”)部分中“Someone with this sort of intelligence is called a “people person”. They are skilled communicators and make great psychologists, politicians and salespeople. (拥有这种智慧的人被称为“善于与人相处的人”。他们是沟通高手，能成为优秀的心理学家、政治家和销售人员)”可知，此处指人的人际智能，所以⑤处应填Interpersonal intelligence“人际智能”；根据⑧______(“self smart”)部分中““Self smart” people enjoy analysing their thoughts and feelings.(“自我智能”的人喜欢分析自己的想法和感受)”可知，此处指人的内省智能，所以⑧处应填Intra-Personal intelligence“内省智能”。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据⑦Linguistic intelligence (“word smart”)部分中“These people love words, and they’re good at using them. If you’re “word smart”, you construct convincing arguments and might become a writer, politician or lawyer. (这些人喜欢文字，他们擅长使用文字。如果你“文字智能”，你会构建令人信服的论点，可能会成为一名作家、政治家或律师)”以及⑤______(“people smart”)部分中“Someone with this sort of intelligence is called a “people person”. They are skilled communicators and make great psychologists, politicians and salespeople. (拥有这种智慧的人被称为‘善于与人相处的人’。他们是沟通高手，能成为优秀的心理学家、政治家和销售人员)”可推知，语言智能和人际智能可能对广告行业最有帮助。故选D。 三、人与自然 Passage 1 （23-24高一下·上海复旦附中·期中）Trees are magicians with carbon, pulling it out of the air at remarkable rates to store it in their bodies. They are so good at removing this greenhouse gas that “planting trees” is often synonymous with doing environmental good. And lots of people are planting trees. The number of tree-planting organizations has grown by almost 300 percent in the past 30 years, according to a 2021 paper in the journal Biological Conservation. But while tree planting can capture a great amount of carbon, it is hardly a silver bullet for the climate crisis — express estimate that even if we maximized our available lands for trees, this alone would not be enough to counteract carbon emissions caused by humans. Plus, many plantations grow the same few species in monocultures, which can hurt local biodiversity. The minority of tree plantations are set up with carbon capture solely, or even primarily in mind, says Jacob Bukoski, a forestry scientist at Oregon State University. Most trees are planted with the goal of harvesting timber or wood pulp (木浆) for paper. Tree-planting organizations are more likely to create plantations for commercial reasons, the authors of the 2021 paper also note, rather than for biodiversity or carbon capture. In forestry, there’s a saying that you have to plant “the right tree in the right place, for the right reason.” But when many tree plantations are established for commercial purposes, the tree that is planted is often not the “right” tree, says Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez, an ecologist at the Environmental Change Institute at the University of Oxford. In a paper published recently in the journal Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Aguirre-Gutiérrez and colleagues argue that focusing on the goal of carbon removal by natural process causes organizations to ignore the importance of restoring balanced ecosystems. The result is a collection of trees that do not support local organisms or promote biodiversity in the way native plant species would have. These problems deserve particular notice in tropical areas where land is vast, and conditions such as stable temperatures and high humidity promote tree growth, as ignoring them while planting trees is damaging. When plantations increased the woody cover of the Brazilian savannah by 40 percent, this “resulted in an about 30 percent reduction in the diversity of plants and ants,” Aguirre-Gutiérrez and his co-authors write in the new paper. Aguirre-Gutiérrez doesn’t want to discourage people from growing more trees, he says. Rather, we need a better way to protect the natural ecosystems and species there, like encouraging the restoration of native forest tree species. Local plants will be “better adapted to the conditions” in these environments, he says, which means they, and nearby species, are more likely to thrive. “If we go in that direction, that will bring us the added value of capturing carbon, but also this sustainability.” 1．Experts are concerned about tree plantation to reduce greenhouse partly because ______. A．the number of tree-planting organizations is growing too fast. B．the speed of tree planting falls far behind that of carbon emission. C．the selection of species in tree planting can harm local biodiversity. D．the land available to plant trees is not fully explored and developed. 2．In paragraph 4, “the right reason” refers to ______. A．mass plantation of carbon-absorbing trees B．biodiversity preservation with local species C．harvest of timber or wood pulp for paper D．tree plantation for commercial purposes 3．Why does the author mention “Brazilian savannah” in paragraph 5? A．To show the benefits of planting trees in tropical areas B．To illustrate the vastness and eco-diversity of tropical areas C．To highlight the negative impact of planting trees in tropical areas D．To discourage people from randomly planting trees in tropical areas 4．Which of the following statements will Aguirre-Gutiérrez most likely approve of? A．People and organizations should plant as many trees as they can to capture carbon. B．Plants in tropical areas can thrive better due to its vast land and agreeable climate. C．Preserving biodiversity plays a more sustainable role than capturing carbon only. D．Tree plantation organizations are irresponsible and focus only on making profits. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。专家们对植树造林减少温室效应表示担忧，因为即使我们最大限度地利用我们的可用土地种植树木，单凭这一点也不足以抵消人类造成的碳排放。此外，许多种植园在单一栽培中种植相同的几种物种，这可能会损害当地的生物多样性。文章对此进行了介绍。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Plus, many plantations grow the same few species in monocultures, which can hurt local biodiversity.(此外，许多种植园在单一栽培中种植相同的几种物种，这可能会损害当地的生物多样性。)”可知，专家们对植树造林减少温室效应表示担忧的部分原因是植树造林的物种选择会损害当地的生物多样性。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“Tree-planting organizations are more likely to create plantations for commercial reasons, the authors of the 2021 paper also note, rather than for biodiversity or carbon capture.(2021年那篇论文的作者还指出，植树组织更有可能出于商业原因建立种植园，而不是为了生物多样性或碳捕获。)”可知，the right reason是指“保护本地物种的生物多样性”。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第5段“When plantations increased the woody cover of the Brazilian savannah by 40 percent, this ‘resulted in an about 30 percent reduction in the diversity of plants and ants’”（当种植园增加巴西大草原的木质覆盖40%时，这“导致植物和蚂蚁多样性减少约30%”）可推知，作者举例是为了突显在热带地区盲目植树的负面影响。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“In a paper published recently in the journal Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Aguirre-Gutiérrez and colleagues argue that focusing on the goal of carbon removal by natural process causes organizations to ignore the importance of restoring balanced ecosystems.(在最近发表在《生态与进化趋势》杂志上的一篇论文中，Aguirre-Gutiérrez和他的同事认为，专注于通过自然过程去除碳的目标会导致组织忽视恢复平衡生态系统的重要性。)”可知，Aguirre-Gutiérrez最有可能认同“保护生物多样性比仅仅捕获碳具有更可持续的作用”的观点。故选C。 Passage 2 （23-24高一下·上海嘉定·期中）In the dim light of an early autumn evening, Alexander, a hunter: known as much for his solitude as for his skill, ventured into the untamed (原始的) heart of the jungle. Each step he took was measured and careful, a respect for the ancient wilderness where every breath was a story, and man was but a fleeting shadow. For years, whispers of a tiger, not just any tiger but one whose fur caught the last rays of the sun, had reached Alexander. A creature so splendid and fearsome, it was said to be more myth than flesh. On this day, as the shadows lengthened and the jungle whispered its age-old secrets, Alexander sought not just the tiger, but a confrontation with the very essence of the wild itself. As dusk settled, painting the world in colors of gold and shadow, the boundary between predator and prey seemed to dissolve. The air was heavy with anticipation, the kind that precedes storms and stories. Then, in a clearing where the jungle seemed to hold its breath, the tiger appeared. It was as if the sun had woven itself into the fabric of its being, its fur a blend of flame and night. For a moment, the world shrank to the space between the hunter named Alexander and the legend made flesh before him. Their gazes locked, a silent understanding passing between man and beast. Here was Alexander, a man who had walked through shadows to stand in the light of a legend, and the tiger, an embodiment of the wild’s untouchable majesty. In that eternal moment, Alexander saw not a prey but a sovereign of nature, a being whose right to wander the dusk was as undeniable as the setting sun. With a respect born of countless sunsets and the silent tales they told, Alexander slowly lowered his rifle (步枪). The act was not one of defeat but of profound respect-a recognition of the bond that ties every living thing to the pulse of the earth. The tiger, its gaze still locked with Alexander’s, seemed to acknowledge this unspoken pact. Then, it turned and melted into the shadows, leaving behind a trail of twilight. Alexander left the jungle that night without a trophy (战利品), but his soul was alight with a tale of fire and twilight. He had sought a legend and found a truth far greater: in the wild’s heart, where shadows and light dance, there lies a respect so deep it transcends the hunt. This encounter, a dance with the untamed, would echo in Alexander’s heart long after the jungle’s whispers faded into the dawn. 1．What was Alexander’s primary reason for venturing into the jungle? A．To find a place to set up camp. B．To hunt a tiger rumored to have a fur like the setting sun. C．To escape from the challenges of modern life. D．To meet other hunters and share stories. 2．What decision does Alexander make when he finally encounters the tiger? A．He captures the tiger to prove its existence. B．He shoots the tiger to claim his trophy. C．He attempts to trap the tiger but fails D．He lowers his rifle, choosing not to shoot the tiger. 3．The author’s writing style reflects Hemingway’s influence through ________. A．complex language. B．long sentences. C．straightforward storytelling. D．supernatural focus. 4．What theme is most prominently reflected in Alexander’s encounter with the tiger? A．The thrill of the hunt is unparalleled. B．True courage is demonstrated through dominance over nature. C．There is a profound respect that exists between man and nature. D．Technology has distanced man from understanding the natural world. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了猎人亚历山大进山寻找一只不同寻常的老虎，最后出于敬意自动退出山林的故事。 1．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“For years, whispers of a tiger, not just any tiger but one whose fur caught the last rays of the sun, had reached Alexander. A creature so splendid and fearsome, it was said to be more myth than flesh. On this day, as the shadows lengthened and the jungle whispered its age-old secrets, Alexander sought not just the tiger, but a confrontation with the very essence of the wild itself. (多年来，关于一只老虎的传言一直传到亚历山大的耳朵里，不是一只普通的老虎，而是一只皮毛能晒到最后一缕阳光的老虎。一种如此壮观和可怕的生物，关于它的传说更多的是神话而非肉体。这一天，随着暮色渐长，丛林低语着它古老的秘密，亚历山大寻找的不只是老虎，而是与大自然的本质对抗。)”可知，亚历山大冒险进入丛林的主要原因是猎杀一只传说中毛皮如落日的老虎。故选B。 2．细节理解题。由文章第五段中“With a respect born of countless sunsets and the silent tales they told, Alexander slowly lowered his rifle (步枪). The act was not one of defeat but of profound respect-a recognition of the bond that ties every living thing to the pulse of the earth. (亚历山大怀着无数次日落和无声的故事所产生的敬意，慢慢地放下步枪。这一举动并不是一种失败，而是一种深深的敬意——一种对将每一个生物与地球脉动联系在一起的纽带的承认。)”可知，当亚历山大最终遇到老虎时，他放下步枪，选择不射杀老虎。故选D。 3．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Alexander left the jungle that night without a trophy (战利品), but his soul was alight with a tale of fire and twilight. He had sought a legend and found a truth far greater: in the wild’s heart, where shadows and light dance, there lies a respect so deep it transcends the hunt. This encounter, a dance with the untamed, would echo in Alexander’s heart long after the jungle’s whispers faded into the dawn. (那天晚上，亚历山大离开了丛林，没有拿到战利品，但他的灵魂却被一个关于火与黄昏的故事点燃了。他寻找了一个传说，并发现了一个更伟大的真理：在荒野的心中，在阴影和光明跳舞的地方，有一种超越狩猎的敬意。这次邂逅，一场与野性的舞蹈，在丛林的低语消失在黎明之后，仍在亚历山大的心中回响。)”可知，作者的写作风格通过对超自然的关注反映了海明威的影响。故选D。 4．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Alexander left the jungle that night without a trophy (战利品), but his soul was alight with a tale of fire and twilight. He had sought a legend and found a truth far greater: in the wild’s heart, where shadows and light dance, there lies a respect so deep it transcends the hunt. This encounter, a dance with the untamed, would echo in Alexander’s heart long after the jungle’s whispers faded into the dawn. (那天晚上，亚历山大离开了丛林，没有拿到战利品，但他的灵魂却被一个关于火与黄昏的故事点燃了。他寻找了一个传说，并发现了一个更伟大的真理：在荒野的心中，在阴影和光明跳舞的地方，有一种超越狩猎的敬意。这次邂逅，一场与野性的舞蹈，在丛林的低语消失在黎明之后，仍在亚历山大的心中回响。)”可知，亚历山大与老虎的相遇最突出地体现了人与自然之间存在着深刻的尊重的主题。故选C。 一、人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海交附嘉定分·期中）Is this the most powerful word in the English language? “The.” It’s present everywhere; we can’t imagine English without it. But it’s not much to look at. Technically, it’s meaningless. And yet this word could be one of the most powerful in the English language. “The” tops the league tables of most frequently used words in English, accounting for 5% of every 100 words used. “‘The’ really is miles above everything else,” says Jonathan Culpeper, professor of linguistics at Lancaster University. But why is this? The answer is two-fold, according to the BBC Radio 4 programme Word of Mouth. George Zipf, a 20th-century U. S. linguist, gave a detailed explanation of the principle of least effort. He predicted that short and simple words would be the most frequent — and he was right. The second reason is that “the” lies at the heart of English grammar. It has a function rather than a meaning. Words are split into two categories: expressions with a semantic (语义的) meaning and functional words like “the,” “to” and “for” that have a job to do. “The” can function in multiple ways. This is typical, explains Gary Thoms, assistant professor of linguistics at New York University. “A super high-usage word will often develop a real flexibility,” says Thoms. Helping us understand what is being referred to, “the” makes sense of nouns as a subject or an object. So even someone with a basic understanding of English can tell the difference between “I ate an apple” and “I ate the apple.” But although “the” has no meaning in itself, “it seems to be able to do things in miraculous ways,” says Michael Rosen, a poet and author. Consider the difference between “he scored a goal” and “he scored the goal.” The inclusion of “the” immediately signals something important about that goal. Perhaps it was the only one of the match? Or maybe it was the clincher that won the league? Context very often determines sense. There are many exceptions regarding the use of the definite article, for example in relation to proper nouns. We wouldn’t expect someone to say “the Jonathan” but it’s not incorrect to say “you’re not the Jonathan I thought you were.” And a football commentator might deliberately say “you’ve got the Lampards in midfield” to mean players like Lampard. This could lead to the belief that “the” is nothing more than a workhorse of the English language — functional but boring. Yet Rosen rejects that view. While primary school children are taught to use “wow” words, choosing “exclaimed” rather than “said,” he doesn’t think any word has more or less “wow” factor than any other. It all depends on how it’s used. “Power in language comes from context… “the” can be a wow word,” he says. 1．Which one of the following reasons is NOT the reason why “the” is the most frequently used word in English? A．“The” is a short word and therefore will appear more frequent. B．“The” serves a grammatical function rather than provides semantic meaning. C．“The” contains only one syllable and is easy to pronounce. D．“The” is highly flexible and help us make sense of nouns. 2．What does “the clincher” mean in paragraph 5? A．The player who scored the goal. B．The decisive goal that helped the team win the game. C．The player who looks like Lampard. D．The important game that helped the team get into the next round. 3．According to the passage, which of the following word contains more “wow factor” than the other three? A．happy B．pleased C．glad D．exhilarated 4．Which one of the following statements is the writer most likely to agree with? A．Although “the” is functional, it is a boring word. B．Under no circumstances can “the” be used with proper nouns. C．“The” contains the least “wow factor” among all English words. D．“The” can be a “wow word” in certain context. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英语中最常用的单词“the”，分析了其高频使用的原因，阐述了其功能和作用，还提到了使用的例外情况以及它是否有魅力取决于语境。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“George Zipf, a 20th century U. S. linguist, gave a detailed explanation of the principle of least effort. He predicted that short and simple words would be the most frequent — and he was right.(20世纪美国语言学家乔治·齐普夫详细解释了省力原则。他预测简短简单的单词会出现得更频繁——他是对的)”可知A选项“‘The’是一个短单词，因此会更频繁出现”是原因之一；根据第四段中“The second reason is that ‘the’ lies at the heart of English grammar. It has a function rather than a meaning.(第二个原因是‘the’处于英语语法的核心位置。它有功能而没有语义)”可知B选项“‘The’起到语法功能而非提供语义”是原因之一；根据第四段中“‘The’ can function in multiple ways. This is typical, explains Gary Thoms, assistant professor of linguistics at New York University. ‘A super high usage word will often develop a real flexibility,’ says Thoms. Helping us understand what is being referred to, ‘the’ makes sense of nouns as a subject or an object.(‘the’可以有多种功能。纽约大学语言学助理教授加里·汤姆斯解释说，这很典型。汤姆斯说：‘一个高频使用的单词通常会有很强的灵活性。’‘the’帮助我们理解所指的内容，使名词作为主语或宾语有意义)”可知D选项“‘The’非常灵活，帮助我们理解名词”是原因之一。而文中未提及C项“‘The’包含一个音节，容易发音”是其高频使用的原因。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Perhaps it was the only one of the match? Or maybe it was the clincher that won the league? Context very often determines sense.(也许它是这场比赛的唯一进球?或者也许它是赢得联赛的……?语境常常决定语义)”中定语从句“that won the league”可推知，帮助赢得联赛的是“决定性进球”，与B项“The decisive goal that helped the team win the game.”同义。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While primary school children are taught to use ‘wow’ words, choosing ‘exclaimed’ rather than ‘said,’(小学孩子们被教导使用‘哇塞’类的词，选择‘exclaimed’而不是‘said’)”可知“哇塞”类的词是更生动、更有表现力的词。“exhilarated”意为“兴奋的；欣喜若狂的”，相比“happy(高兴的)”“pleased(满意的)”“glad(高兴的)”，“exhilarated”更能体现出强烈的情感，更符合“哇塞”类词的特点。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Power in language comes from context… ‘the’ can be a wow word(语言的力量来自语境……‘the’可以是一个‘哇塞’词)”可知，作者认为在特定的语境中，“the”可以是一个有魅力的词。所以作者最可能赞同“‘The’ can be a ‘wow word’ in certain context.(‘The’在某些上下文中可以是一个‘哇塞’的词)”这一说法。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海复旦复兴·期中）At the beginning of the World Series (美职棒总决赛) of 1947, I experienced a completely new emotion, when the National Anthem was played. This time, I thought, it is being played for me, as much as for anyone else. This is organized major league baseball, and I am standing here with all the others; and everything that takes place includes me. About a year later, I went to Atlanta, Georgia, to play in an exhibition game. On the field, for the first time in Atlanta, there were Negroes and whites. Other Negroes, besides me. And I thought: What I have always believed has come to be. And what is it that I have always believed? First, imperfections are human. But wherever human beings were given room to breathe and time to think, those imperfections would disappear, no matter how slowly. I do not believe that we have found or even approached perfection. That is not necessarily in the scheme of human events. Handicaps, stumbling blocks, prejudices — all of these are imperfect. Yet, they have to be reckoned with because they are in the scheme of human events. Whatever obstacles I found made me fight all the harder. But it would have been impossible for me to fight at all without the deep - rooted belief that my fight had a chance. It had a chance because it took place in a free society. Not once was I forced to face and fight an immovable object. Not once was the situation so rigid that I had no chance at all. Free minds and human hearts were at work all around me; and so there was the probability of improvement. I look at my children now, and know that I must still prepare them to meet obstacles and prejudices. But I can tell them that they will never face some of these prejudices because other people have gone before them. And to myself I can say that, because progress is unalterable, many of today’s dogmas (教条) will have vanished by the time they grow into adults. I can say to my children: There is a chance for you. No guarantee, but a chance. And this chance has come to be, because there is nothing static with free people. There is no Middle Ages logic so strong that it can stop the human tide from flowing forward. I do not believe that every person, in every walk of life, can succeed in spite of any handicap. That would be perfection. But I do believe that what I was able to attain came to be because we put behind us the dogmas of the past, discover the truth of today and perhaps find the greatness of tomorrow. 1．What has the author always believed? A．Imperfections are what human beings fight for. B．A free society can facilitate perfection. C．All human beings have imperfections. D．Humans can approach perfection someday. 2．Which of the following does the author most probably agree with? A．The ideas of the past serve as reminders of the future. B．The efforts behind humans count if we are to desolate the past. C．The ever-changingness of society gives humans great promise. D．The importance of children’s creativity can't be too emphasized. 3．What’s the author’s attitude towards the current society? A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic. C．Indifferent. D．Neutral. 4．The author writes the article to______. A．reveal the imperfections of human and society B．value the chance in a free society to better ourselves C．call on human to accept the imperfections and live with a free heart D．encourage people to do more for the country to achieve a brighter future 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了作者相信自由社会能促进人类进步，人们要接受不完美，以自由的心态面对生活并相信未来有希望 。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“First, imperfections are human. But wherever human beings were given room to breathe and time to think, those imperfections would disappear, no matter how slowly. I do not believe that we have found or even approached perfection. That is not necessarily in the scheme of human events.(首先，不完美是人类所共有的。但是，无论何时，只要人类有呼吸的空间和思考的时间，那些不完美之处就会逐渐消失，无论这个过程多么缓慢。我并不认为我们已经达到，甚至接近完美。这并非人类事务发展进程中必然会发生的事情)”可知，作者认为人类有不完美，但只要给予空间和时间，不完美会逐渐消失，虽然现在还没有达到或接近完美，但从长远来看，人类是有可能逐渐接近完美的，这体现了作者一直相信人类有一天能接近完美。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“And to myself I can say that, because progress is unalterable, many of today's dogmas (教条) will have vanished by the time they grow into adults.(而对我自己来说，我可以这样说：因为进步是不可逆转的，所以等我的孩子们长大成人时，当今的许多教条都将不复存在)”以及“And this chance has come to be, because there is nothing static with free people. There is no Middle Ages logic so strong that it can stop the human tide from flowing forward.(而这样的机会已然来临，这是因为自由的人们所处的环境并非一成不变。没有哪种中世纪的逻辑会强大到足以阻挡人类潮流滚滚向前)”可知，社会的进步是不可改变的，自由的思想和心灵在起作用，社会不断变化，这给人类带来了很大的希望。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“I can say to my children: There is a chance for you. No guarantee, but a chance. And this chance has come to be, because there is nothing static with free people. There is no Middle Ages logic so strong that it can stop the human tide from flowing forward. I do not believe that every person, in every walk of life, can succeed in spite of any handicap. That would be perfection. But I do believe that what I was able to attain came to be because we put behind us the dogmas of the past, discover the truth of today and perhaps find the greatness of tomorrow.(我可以对我的孩子们说：你们拥有机会。这并非板上钉钉的保证，但确实是个机会。而这样的机会之所以会出现，是因为自由的人们所处的世界并非静止不变。没有任何一种中世纪的逻辑能强大到足以遏制人类不断前进的潮流。我并不认为，无论身处何种行业、面临何种障碍，每个人都能取得成功——那将是尽善尽美的境界。但我确实相信，我之所以能够取得如今的成就，是因为我们摒弃了过去的教条，探寻了当下的真理，并或许能发现未来的伟大之处)”可推知，作者对当前社会持乐观态度。故选B。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章最后一段的“I can say to my children: There is a chance for you. No guarantee, but a chance. And this chance has come to be, because there is nothing static with free people.(我可以对我的孩子们说：你们有机会。没有保证，但有机会。而这个机会已经到来，因为自由的人没有什么是静止不变的)”可推知，作者写这篇文章是为了重视在自由社会中改善自我的机会。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海·期中）Victor Frank, the author of Man’s Search for Meaning, once wrote, “Everything can be taken from a person but one thing: the last of human freedoms — to choose one’s attitude in any given set of circumstances. Frank was right. Attitude is a choice. You could be faced with a thousand problems, many or most over which you have absolutely no control. However, there is always one thing you are in complete and absolute control of and that is your own attitude. To be honest, it wasn’t until I was in my late 20s that I finally understood its full impact. All through my teens and into my early adult life, I can’t tell you the number of times that I heard, “Bob, if you’d just change your attitude, you would do a lot better.” At that time, I didn’t know what attitude was, let alone know how to change it! Attitude and results are inseparable. They follow one another as night follows day. One is the cause, while the other, the result. There is a term we use to distinguish this “cause and effect” relationship, which is called the Law of Cause and Effect. Simply stated, if you think in negative terms, you will get negative results; if you think in positive terms, you will achieve positive results. Some people always see wrong things in the world. These individuals are quick to blame circumstances or other people for their problems, rather than accepting responsibility for their life and their attitude. Thus, it would appear as if they were born with bad luck and it has followed them around their whole life. However, there are others who are forever winning and living the good life. They are the real movers and shakers who make things happen. They seem to go from one major accomplishment to another. They’re in control of their life. Their wins are a matter of choice. You can experience that kind of life as well, you only need to decide. Dorothea Brand once said, “Act as if it were impossible to fail,” and I challenge you to do so. By simply becoming aware that you can choose your thoughts each and every day, you will change your entire outlook. You have the power to choose an abundant life no matter what your circumstances are. Don’t wait to experience all the wonderful things the universe has in store for you. Start today by working on your attitude and welcome the abundant life that you are meant to lead. 1．Why does the writer use the example of himself in Paragraph 2? A．To prove attitude changes on its own. B．To show attitude is important to the old. C．To show understanding attitude takes time. D．To prove the author himself was very stubborn. 2．What can we learn from the Law of Cause and Effect? A．Our attitude plays a crucial role in determining the outcomes we experience. B．Luck and chance also play an incredibly important role in the results we get. C．Blaming external circumstances can actually bring benefits to our mental health. D．Negative attitudes may occasionally bring positive results due to external factors. 3．What is the writer’s attitude towards those who believe in the power of positive mindsets? A．Doubtful. B．Objective. C．Supportive. D．Disapproving. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了积极的态度的重要性。 1． 推理判断题。根据第二段“To be honest, it wasn’t until I was in my late 20s that I finally understood its full impact.All through my teens and into my early adult life, I can’t tell you the number of times that I heard, ‘Bob, if you’d just change your attitude, you would do a lot better.’ At that time, I didn’t know what attitude was, let alone know how to change it!(说实话，直到快30岁的时候，我才终于明白了它的全部影响。从我十几岁到成年早期，我都数不清有多少次听到这样的话：‘鲍勃，如果你能改变你的态度，你会做得更好。’那时候，我不知道什么是态度，更不知道如何改变态度！)”可推知，作者提到自己的例子是想表明理解态度的重要性需要时间。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Simply stated, if you think in negative terms, you will get negative results; if you think in positive terms, you will achieve positive results. Some people always see wrong things in the world. (简单地说，如果你用消极的方式思考，你会得到消极的结果；如果你用积极的方式思考，你就会取得积极的结果)”可知，从“因果定律”中可以得知，我们的态度在决定我们经历的结果方面起着至关重要的作用。故选A。 3． 推理判断题。根据第三段中“However, there are others who are forever winning and living the good life. They are the real movers and shakers who make things happen. They seem to go from one major accomplishment to another. They’re in control of their life. Their wins are a matter of choice.(然而，也有一些人永远是赢家，过着美好的生活。他们是让事情发生的真正的推动者和动摇者。他们似乎从一个重大成就走向另一个重大成就。他们掌控着自己的生活。他们的胜利取决于选择)”和最后一段中“Don’t wait to experience all the wonderful things the universe has in store for you. Start today by working on your attitude and welcome the abundant life that you are meant to lead.(不要等着去体验宇宙为你准备的所有美好事物。从今天开始，改变你的态度，迎接你注定要过的丰富生活)”可知，作者认为相信好心态力量的人能掌控自己的美好生活，并呼吁读者保持积极的态度。由此推知，作者对那些人持支持的态度。故选C。 二、人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海杨浦·期中）Last September e-commerce giant Amazon acquired Twitch, a video company, for $970 million. Not long ago a new billion-dollar company would have been a boon to job creation. Yet Twitch employs just 170 workers. The story of Twitch illustrates an important lesson about the digital economy: at the same time it has produced enormous wealth for shareholders and entrepreneurs, it has resulted in few new jobs. In fact, the digitization of the economy may have far-reaching implications for the future of growth and employment. In a series of recent articles on the state of the digital economy, former U. S. treasury secretary Lawrence Summers referred to the notion of secular stagnation, an idea first presented by economist Alvin Hansen during the Great Depression. Hansen’s theory suggested that as population growth slows and the rate of capital-absorbing innovation (that is, investment opportunities created by the arrival of new technologies) slows down, investment will fall, leading to slower economic growth and fewer new jobs. During the growth miracle of the post-war period, Hansen’s theory proved spectacularly wrong. Technological advances during the 1930s and the increase in capital investment associated with World War Ⅱ did enough to promote the economy. After that, the baby boomer generation entered the workforce, pushing the economy ahead. Then, in the 1980s and 1990s, investment in computer and information-processing equipment emerged, facilitating a wide range of entirely new computer-related occupations. But after 2000, when the first wave of IT investment peaked, the demand for new work in the U. S. declined. Without new job-creating industries to take the place of those that came before, the economy might stop developing. The problem is that most industries formed since 2000, electronic auctions, Internet news publishers, social-networking sites, and video-and audio-streaming services, all of which appeared in official industry classifications for the first time in 2010, employ far fewer people than earlier computer-based industries. The reason these businesses create so few jobs is that they require so little capital to get started. According to a recent survey of 96 mobile app developers, for example, the average cost to develop an app was $6,453. Instant-messaging software firm WhatsApp started with $250,000; it employed just 55 workers at the time Facebook announced it was buying the company for $19 billion. All explains why new technologies throughout the 2000s have brought forth so few new jobs. According to my own research with Thor Berger of Lund University in Sweden, in 2010 only-about 0.5 percent of the U. S. workforce was employed in industries that did not exist a decade earlier. 1．According to the first two paragraphs, Twitch is a company that ______. A．owns a large market share B．is a traditional retail business C．brings promising future for employment D．generates wealth with relatively fewer employees 2．Which of the following statements is true of secular stagnation? A．After World War II, it was proven to be a valid concept. B．It foresaw the rise of rapidly developing IT technology. C．It was unknown until Lawrence Summers brought it up. D．It accounted for fewer job opportunities against the digital economy background. 3．The survey and its results are mentioned in the last paragraph in order to ______ A．Illustrate the limited number of jobs that mobile app developers generated at the start. B．Emphasize the fact that the digitalization of the economy will be a long-term feature. C．Prove that secular stagnation has occurred despite the new industries. D．Show how minimal the capital that new businesses needed was when they started. 4．What can be inferred from the passage? A．The baby boomer generation witnessed a decline in the rate of economic growth. B．Old industries contribute more to the labor market than newly-emerged ones. C．The future direction of the digital economy’s development is still undetermined. D．As a company’s dependence on technology increases, its need for employees decreases. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了数字经济的现状以及它对经济增长和就业的深远影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Yet Twitch employs just 170 workers. (然而，Twitch公司仅仅雇佣了170名员工。)”以及第二段“at the same time it has produced enormous wealth for shareholders and entrepreneurs, it has resulted in few new jobs. (与此同时，它为股东和企业家创造了巨额财富，但却几乎没有带来新的就业机会。)”可知，Twitch这家公司为股东和企业家创造了巨大财富，但员工数量却很少，即它以相对较少的员工创造了财富。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Hansen’s theory suggested that as population growth slows and the rate of capital-absorbing innovation slows down, investment will fall, leading to slower economic growth and fewer new jobs. (汉森的理论认为，随着人口增长放缓以及吸收资本的创新速度减慢，投资将会减少，进而导致经济增长放缓，新的就业机会也会减少。)”以及第四段 “Without new job-creating industries to take the place of those that came before, the economy might stop developing.(如果没有能够创造新就业机会的产业来取代之前的产业，经济可能会停止发展。)”和第五段“The problem is that most industries formed since 2000... employ far fewer people than earlier computer-based industries. (问题是，自2000年以来形成的大多数行业，如电子拍卖、互联网新闻出版商、社交网站和视频和音频流媒体服务，所有这些行业都是在2010年首次出现在官方行业分类中，它们雇佣的员工远远少于早期的计算机行业。)”可知，在数字经济背景下，世俗停滞理论解释了为什么新工作机会减少。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“According to a recent survey of 96 mobile app developers, for example, the average cost to develop an app was $6,453. Instant-messaging software firm WhatsApp started with $250,000; it employed just 55 workers at the time Facebook announced it was buying the company for $19 billion. (例如，根据最近一项针对96名移动应用开发者的调查显示，开发一款应用程序的平均成本为6453美元。即时通讯软件公司WhatsApp创业时的启动资金为25万美元；在脸书宣布以190亿美元收购该公司时，它仅雇佣了55名员工。)”可知，通过这些数据和例子是为了证明这些新企业起步时所需的资金非常少，这解释了为什么它们创造的工作岗位少。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段“The problem is that most industries formed since 2000, electronic auctions, Internet news publishers, social-networking sites, and video-and audio-streaming services, all of which appeared in official industry classifications for the first time in 2010, employ far fewer people than earlier computer-based industries. (问题是，自2000年以来形成的大多数行业，如电子拍卖、互联网新闻出版商、社交网站和视频和音频流媒体服务，所有这些行业都是在2010年首次出现在官方行业分类中，它们雇佣的员工远远少于早期的计算机行业。)”可推知，老行业比新兴行业对劳动力市场的贡献更大。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海交大附中·期中）Cruise on the brand-new D’Virgos! Here’s a heavenly treat for all Virgos. If your birthday falls between 23 August and 22 September, enjoy a FREE cruise on the brand-new D’Virgos, when accompanied by a full paying partner. Simply book by 30 June to enjoy this offer. 2-Night Malacca or Redang Cruise Departure: Wed-$616 for 2 persons (Usual Price: $1076) 2-Night Cruise to nowhere Departure: Fri-$806 for 2 persons (Usual Price: $1456) 2-Night Langkawi Cruise Departure: Fri-$836 for 2 persons (Usual Price: $1516) 3-Night Penang or Phuket Cruise Departure: Sun-$1044 for 2 persons (Usual Price: $1834) All fares are based on twin-sharing and include passenger handling fee and fuel surcharge. To enjoy the offer, at least one passenger must be born between 23 Aug-22 Sept and cruising with a full-paying passenger sharing the same cabin. Applicable for new bookings only. Promotion is subject to cabin availability and is capacity controlled. Catch the world-famous singing JUMBOS at Stars Theatre ◇Live performance on D’Virgos at $38 per person ◇Only on 29&31 Aug departures ◇No admission for those below age 12 Other ATTRACTIONS ◇Traditional game stalls — attractive prizes to be won ◇Balloon sculpturing workshop (only from l to 27 Aug) ◇International buffets-sizzling steaks, delicious kebabs and tasty satays ◇Cooking demonstration by renowned chef, Oliver Twist, on new cuisine (Only on 31 Aug) Call any of our 3 appointed travel agents for bookings. Business Hours: Mon-Fri, 10 am-7 pm. Sat 10 am-5 pm (Closed on Sun and Public Holidays) Six Stars Tours Tel: 65335555 MISA Travel Tel: 65381098 Tourworld Travel & Cruise Tel: 63386888 The Birthday offer will not be extended beyond the deadline. 1．What exactly is the promotion mentioned in this advertisement? A．Virgo Customers can enjoy 50% off for any order they place. B．Two customers can enjoy two single rooms at the price of one room, but have to pay their own handling fee and fuel surcharge. C．If one customer is travelling with someone whose zodiac sign is Virgo, he/ she doesn’t have to pay at all. D．Two customers, one of whom is born between 23 August and 22 September, can enjoy half price for a twin room, excluding handling fee and fuel surcharge 2．Mr. and Mrs. Tay have signed up for the promotion package but they are only able to apply for 1 day of leave during the week day. Which one of the following packages should they get? A．3-Night Phuket Cruise. B．2-Night Redang Cruise. C．2-Night Malacca Cruise. D．2-Night Cruise to nowhere. 3．Which is the best date for a music and food enthusiast to take the cruise? A．23 August. B．27 August. C．29 August. D．31 August. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了针对处女座顾客的邮轮优惠活动及相关信息。 1．细节理解题。根据文中第一段“If your birthday falls between 23 August and 22 September, enjoy a FREE cruise on the brand-new D’Virgos, when accompanied by a full paying partner.(如果你的生日在8月23日至9月22日之间，在一名全价付费的同伴陪同下，你可以免费乘坐全新的D’Virgos号邮轮)”以及“All fares are based on twin-sharing and include passenger handling fee and fuel surcharge.(所有票价均基于双人舱共享，并包含乘客手续费和燃油附加费)”可知，广告中提到的促销活动是，如果一位顾客与一位处女座（生日在8月23日至9月22日之间）的顾客同行，其中处女座顾客可以免费，但需支付手续费和燃油附加费，而同伴则需全价支付，两人共享双人舱。选项D“两位顾客，其中一位出生在8月23日至9月22日之间，可以享受双人舱半价优惠，但不包括手续费和燃油附加费”的表述基本准确。故选D。 2．推理判断题。 根据题干中“Mr. and Mrs. Tay have signed up for the promotion package but they are only able to apply for 1 day of leave during the week day.(Tay先生和Tay太太已经报名参加了晋升套餐，但他们只能在工作日申请1天的假期)”，结合各套餐出发时间：“2-Night Malacca or Redang Cruise Departure: Wed（2晚马六甲或热浪岛邮轮 出发：周三）”、“2-Night Cruise to nowhere Departure: Fri（2晚无目的地邮轮 出发：周五）”和“3-Night Penang or Phuket Cruise Departure: Sun（3晚槟城或普吉岛邮轮 出发：周日）”可推知，选项D（2晚无目的地）周五出发，周日返回，只需请周五一天假，且航程短更灵活。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文中Catch the world-famous singing JUMBOS at Stars Theatre(在星星剧院观看世界著名的歌唱家JUMBOS的演出) 标题下“◇Live performance on D’Virgos at $38 per person ◇Only on 29&31 Aug departures(◇在D’Virgos号上的现场表演，每人38美元 ◇仅限8月29日和31日出发的行程)”以及Other ATTRACTIONS标题下“International buffets-sizzling steaks, delicious kebabs and tasty satays ◇Cooking demonstration by renowned chef, Oliver Twist, on new cuisine (Only on 31 Aug)(国际自助餐——滋滋作响的牛排、美味的烤肉串和美味的沙爹 ◇著名厨师Oliver Twist展示新菜系的烹饪技巧（仅限8月31日）)”可知，对于音乐和美食爱好者来说，8月31日是最好的选择，因为这一天既有现场音乐表演，又有著名厨师的烹饪展示。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海顾村·期中）Eton, a ten-year-old boy, used to go for a walk with his father every day on a nearby hill. One day the boy said, “Dad, let’s have a race today. One who touches top of hill first, wins the race.” Father agreed. Both of them started running toward hilltop. After running for some time, Father suddenly stopped. Eton asked, “What happened? Why did you stop suddenly? Have you accepted your defeat already?” “No, some pebbles (砾石) got stuck in my shoes. I stopped to remove them.” Father replied. “Some pebbles got stuck in my shoes too, but I don’t care. Once I touch top then I will remove them.” Eton replied. Saying this, the boy ran ahead fast. Father removed pebbles from his shoes and moved ahead. Eton had gone far ahead, but now he started feeling pain in his feet because of the pebbles stuck in his shoes and his running speed started to decrease. Gradually, Father came close to him. Seeing his boy. Father shouted from behind, “Why don’t you remove pebbles from your shoes first?” “But I don’t have time for this!” said the boy. In a short white, Father overtook him. Eton’s pain bad increased a lot due to the pricking pebbles and now he was not even able to walk. He stopped there and screamed. “Dad, I can’t run any more.” Father quickly ran back and took off Eton’s shoes and saw that his feet were injured. Father took the boy back home and applied some medicine to the injuries. When pain subsided a bit, he talked to the boy, “Son, I told you to first remove your pebbles and then go on with the race.” “But I want to win the race first,” Eton said. “It is not like that son, if any problem come in our life, then we should not delay solving them by saying that we don’t have time right now. It would have taken you hardly one minute to remove that pebble but now to save that one minute, you will have to suffer from pain for one week”, Father said. 1．What was the underlying reason for Eton’s insistence on not removing the pebbles? A．His overemphasis on the result of winning the race clouded his judgment. B．He firmly wanted to show his father that he could endure the pain. C．He didn’t know the most efficient way to remove the pebbles quickly. D．He was influenced by a competitive environment that valued speed above all. 2．Which of the following best describes the father’s attitude towards the race? A．He was extremely eager to win the race and took it very seriously. B．He thought the race was just a casual activity and didn’t care about the result at all. C．He regarded the race as a way to teach his son a life lesson rather than just a competition. D．He considered the race a precious chance to fully prove his remarkable physical strength. 3．What does “the pebbles stuck in the shoes” symbolize? A．Temporary setbacks that can be overcome with determination. B．Small problems that, if neglected, can grow into major obstacles. C．Hidden dangers that can interrupt one’s journey if not detected early. D．Minor annoyances that should be endured for the sake of a greater goal. 4．Based on the story, what can we infer about Eton’s character? A．He is self-centered and believes he can overcome any obstacle with his own wisdom. B．He is sociable but refuses to listen to anyone’s advice, even when it is clearly beneficial. C．He is lazy and tries to avoid any task that requires extra effort, like removing the pebbles. D．He is highly competitive but lacks the ability to think sensibly in the face of challenges. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Eton和父亲赛跑，Eton因急于赢比赛不清理鞋里的砾石，最终脚受伤，父亲借此教导他要及时解决生活中问题的故事。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中““Some pebbles got stuck in my shoes too, but I don’t care. Once I touch top then I will remove them.” Eton replied.(“也有一些鹅卵石卡在我的鞋子里，但我不在乎。一旦我到达山顶，我就会把它们拿掉。”伊顿答道)”和第五段中““But I want to win the race first,” Eton said.(“但我想先赢得比赛，”伊顿说)”可推知，Eton坚持不清理鞋里砾石的根本原因是他过度看重赢得比赛的结果，这蒙蔽了他的判断。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““It is not like that son, if any problem come in our life, then we should not delay solving them by saying that we don’t have time right now. It would have taken you hardly one minute to remove that pebble but now to save that one minute, you will have to suffer from pain for one week”, Father said.(“不是这样的，孩子，如果我们的生活中出现任何问题，那么我们不应该说我们现在没有时间来拖延解决它们。你移走那块石头几乎不需要一分钟，但现在为了节省这一分钟，你必须忍受一个星期的痛苦。”父亲说)”可推知，父亲把这次赛跑当作教导儿子人生道理的方式，而非单纯的比赛。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Some pebbles got stuck in my shoes too, but I don’t care. Once I touch top then I will remove them. (我的鞋子里也进了一些砾石，但我不在乎。等我到了山顶再把它们弄出来)”、第三段中“Eton had gone far ahead, but now he started feeling pain in his feet because of the pebbles stuck in his shoes and his running speed started to decrease. Gradually, Father came close to him. (Eton已经远远领先了，但现在由于鞋子里的砾石，他的脚开始疼起来，跑步速度也开始减慢。渐渐地，父亲靠近了他)”、第四段中“Eton’s pain bad increased a lot due to the pricking pebbles and now he was not even able to walk.(由于砾石的刺痛，Eton的疼痛加剧了很多，现在他甚至都走不动了)”和最后一段中““It is not like that son, if any problem come in our life, then we should not delay solving them by saying that we don’t have time right now. It would have taken you hardly one minute to remove that pebble but now to save that one minute, you will have to suffer from pain for one week”, Father said.(“不是这样的，孩子，如果我们的生活中出现任何问题，那么我们不应该说我们现在没有时间来拖延解决它们。你移走那块石头几乎不需要一分钟，但现在为了节省这一分钟，你必须忍受一个星期的痛苦。”父亲说)”可知，一开始鞋里进砾石只是小问题，但因为忽视了这些小问题，最终它们演变成了大障碍，导致Eton无法继续比赛，造成严重的后果。所以“the pebbles stuck in the shoes”象征着“被忽视后会演变成大障碍的小问题”。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中Eton的话“Dad, let’s have a race today. One who touches top of hill first, wins the race.(爸爸，今天我们来一场比赛吧。谁先摸到山顶，谁就赢得比赛)”可知，Eton有很强的竞争意识；又根据第二段中“Some pebbles got stuck in my shoes too, but I don’t care. Once I touch top then I will remove them.(也有一些鹅卵石卡在我的鞋子里，但我不在乎。一旦我到达山顶，我就会把它们拿掉)和第三段中“But I don’t have time for this!(但我没时间跟你说这个！)”可推知，Eton在面对挑战时缺乏理智思考的能力。故选D项。 三、人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海复旦复兴·期中）In June 1894, Harper’s Bazaar highlighted currants (醋栗), noting that over forty of the sixty known currant varieties were of American origin, including the black currant, white currant, and red currant. Currants were once common in 19th-century US recipes, but they have since disappeared, while they remain popular in the UK for jams and jellies. Even confectionery (糖果) flavors differ: black currant in the UK and grape in the US. This change is due to a forgotten war launched by the US government against currants. Currants come in black, red, or white and are typically sour. They grew wild in North America for centuries and were used by Native American communities for cooking and medicinal purposes. Early colonists introduced European varieties, and by the 19th century, currants were used in jams, jellies, wines, and remedies. By the early 20th century, the US was producing European currants on a large scale, especially in New York. However, New York was also home to the eastern white pine, a crucial source of wood. The import of pine seedlings from Europe introduced Cronartium Ribicola, a fungus (真菌) which infected white pine trees with a disease called white pine blister rust. Efforts to get rid of the disease included banning white pine imports, but by 1921, the disease had spread across the US, threatening the wood industry. The fungus needed two hosts: pine trees and currant plants. To fight against the disease, the US government initiated a program to remove currant plants in 1916, which led to the destruction of them across the country. The program destroyed both European and native currant species, including those used medicinally by native communities like the Menominee Tribe. The efforts were ultimately unsustainable and ceased by the late 1960s, but the damage was done. White pine blister rust persisted, and currant cultivation remained restricted in many states. This campaign changed American cooking habits greatly, making currants unfamiliar to most. By the mid-20th century, currant recipes had nearly disappeared from American cookbooks. 1．The first paragraph is intended to______. A．highlight the varieties of currants and their origins B．explain the historical significance of currants in the US C．describe the previous popularity of currants in the US and the UK D．introduce the topic of currants and their decline in American cooking 2．Which of the following is a feature of currants? A．They vary in color. B．They originated in Europe. C．They taste sweet when ripe. D．They were mainly used for medical purposes. 3．What was the primary reason for the US government’s campaign against currants? A．To promote the growth of other fruits. B．To protect the eastern white pine trees. C．To make space for other agricultural crops. D．To improve the flavor of American confectionery. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．What the history and varieties of currants in the US are. B．How currants were used by Native American communities. C．Why confectionery flavors differ between the US and the UK. D．Why currants are not as common as they used to be in the US. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国的醋栗曾经十分常见和品种丰富，但是为了保护松树政府开始清除醋栗，导致醋栗几乎在美国消失。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“In June 1894, Harper’s Bazaar highlighted currants (醋栗), noting that over forty of the sixty known currant varieties were of American origin, including the black currant, white currant, and red currant. Currants were once common in 19th-century US recipes, but they have since disappeared, while they remain popular in the UK for jams and jellies. Even confectionery (糖果) flavors differ: black currant in the UK and grape in the US. This change is due to a forgotten war launched by the US government against currants.(1894年6月，《时尚芭莎》对醋栗进行了重点报道，指出在已知的60种醋栗中，有40多种源自美国，包括黑醋栗、白醋栗和红醋栗。在19世纪的美国食谱中，醋栗曾经很常见，但后来就消失了，而在英国，醋栗仍然很受欢迎，被用来制作果酱和果冻。甚至糖果的口味也不一样：英国是黑醋栗，美国是葡萄。这种变化是由于美国政府发起的一场被遗忘的战争)”可知，第一段旨在介绍醋栗的话题及其在美国烹饪中的衰落。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Currants come in black, red, or white and are typically sour.(醋栗有黑色、红色或白色，通常是酸的)”可知，颜色各不相同是醋栗的特征。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“The import of pine seedlings from Europe introduced Cronartium Ribicola, a fungus (真菌) which infected white pine trees with a disease called white pine blister rust. Efforts to get rid of the disease included banning white pine imports, but by 1921, the disease had spread across the US, threatening the wood industry.(从欧洲进口的松树幼苗引入了一种真菌，它使白松感染了一种叫做白松水疱锈病的疾病。根除这种疾病的努力包括禁止进口白松，但到1921年，这种疾病已经蔓延到美国各地，威胁到木材工业)”可知，美国政府反对醋栗的主要原因是保护东部的白松。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“This campaign changed American cooking habits greatly, making currants unfamiliar to most. By the mid-20th century, currant recipes had nearly disappeared from American cookbooks.(这场运动极大地改变了美国人的烹饪习惯，使大多数人对醋栗感到陌生。到20世纪中期，加仑的食谱几乎从美国食谱中消失了)”结合文章主要介绍了美国的醋栗曾经十分常见和品种丰富，但是为了保护松树政府开始清除醋栗，导致醋栗几乎在美国消失。可知，这篇文章主要讲的是为什么醋栗在美国不像以前那么常见了。故选D。 2 / 41 1 / 41 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $