专题01 语法填空（期中真题汇编，上海专用）高一英语下学期

专题01 语法填空（期中真题汇编，上海专用） 一、人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海静安·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. In the era of globalization, the world has become a closely-knit community. Multinational companies are constantly expanding 1 reach. Take Starbucks as an example. It has managed to integrate into different cultures 2 maintaining its brand identity. Starbucks entered China in 1999. At first, it 3 (face) challenges as Chinese people had a long-standing tea-drinking culture. However, instead of 4 (force) its Western coffee-drinking model, the company adapted to local preferences. It introduced new beverage options like green tea-based drinks, 5 catered to the Chinese tastes. This localization strategy not only satisfied local tastes but also helped the brand gain a 6 (deep) understanding of the local market. Moreover, Starbucks has been actively involved in community-building initiatives. It has opened stores in areas that are undergoing urban renewal. These stores serve as gathering places, where people from different backgrounds can communicate, thus promoting cross-cultural exchange. Additionally, the company has been committed to sustainable sourcing of coffee beans. By working directly with coffee farmers in various countries, Starbucks ensures the quality of its products and at the same time supports the livelihoods of small-scale farmers. This global-local approach has made Starbucks a successful example in the process of globalization. It shows 7 in the global market, companies need to be flexible and responsible to succeed. The success of Starbucks also has an impact on the local coffee-related industries. Local coffee shops have been inspired by its business model and service standards. Some local entrepreneurs have started their own coffee ventures and tried to combine local flavors with modern coffee-making techniques. This has led 8 a growth in the domestic coffee market, creating more job opportunities and contributing to the overall economic development. 9 globalization brings many benefits in the field, it also poses challenges. For example, local coffee shops may face fierce competition from international chains like Starbucks. They need to find their unique selling points and continuously innovate 10 (survive) in the market. One of the keys to their success actually lies in how they can better understand and meet the local customers’ needs. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海嘉定·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The importance of Accessibility Awareness At a recent meeting, people with disabilities talked about their lives. I was amazed to hear about the challenges 1 (face) by people with physical disabilities. However, 2 amazed me most was the great importance of education about handicap (残障) facilities. Two women who 3 (use) wheelchairs all their life are two important members of the National Group for Disabled Persons, devoted to 4 (raise) awareness about disabilities. They educate about all the facilities for people with disabilities. One big concern is that the public take advantage of aids, such as handicap parking spaces. So people 5 disabilities need to be educated about these facilities. And the meeting focused on educating the public. Some handicap spots have extra room next to them, marked with the “No Parking” signs. Some people think 6 they’re not in the spot, they can take the no-parking area next to it. However, the women 7 use wheelchairs disagree to this. The space exists to someone in a wheelchair to have room to get in or out of their car. If there is a car in that space, the handicap parking spot is no longer useful. Some walkways have handrails next to them to help those who require extra help. 8 it is a blind person seeking help or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking. Sometimes the rail is blocked by a parked bicycle for example, due to lack of education. People who 9 (inform) of the rail’s use will be less likely to mistake it for a bike rack (停放架). If more people are educated about the proper uses of facilities, there will be 10 (few) challenges for people with physical disabilities. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海浦东新·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Night owls’ cognitive function superior to early risers For decades, the idea that early risers are more productive and have a 1 (high) cognitive (认知的) function than night owls has been widely accepted. However, a new study suggests that night owls 2 actually have a better cognitive function compared to early morning risers. The study, 3 (conduct) in the journal Sleep, found that individuals who naturally go to bed later and sleep in later in the morning have a higher level of cognitive flexibility and attentional control. Researchers at the University of Toronto carried out a series of experiments 4 (test) the cognitive abilities of 100 individuals, with half being classified 5 night owls and the other half as morning larks. Participants 6 (give) a series of cognitive tests, including tasks that required attention, problem-solving, and memory recall. The study found that night owls outperformed early risers in tasks 7 required flexibility and adaptability. Night owls were also better at finding out irrelevant information and 8 (focus) on relevant cues. Night owls also showed more creativity and open-mindedness, 9 (make) them good at jobs that need innovation and problem-solving. These findings may help to explain 10 many successful businessmen, innovators, and artists are often night owls. In contrast, early risers were better at routine tasks and following procedures, which is useful in jobs like customer service. The study’s findings suggest that owing to the small sample size, more research is needed to confirm these findings. But it is noted that the night owls may have 11 advantage in certain areas of cognitive function. As the study’s authors suggest, “night owls may be more likely to thrive in careers that require creativity, innovation, and adaptability, 12 early risers may excel in careers that require repetition and routine. ” 二、人与自然-环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海七宝中学·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct. Make a difference to the environment It is often hard to determine whether the food we eat is eco-friendly or not. However, it is clear that some types of food have a 1 (big) environmental impact than others. What can we do in our everyday lives to make 2 difference? Firstly, we should avoid food that has travelled a long way. Food transport is a big source of CO₂, 3 causes global warming. In other words, it is best to eat food that 4 (produce) by the local people. Secondly, 5 the fast food is very convenient, we should eat less fast food for the environment. Recently, fast food has become very popular, but 6 is unfortunately very bad for the environment. Most takeaway containers will probably end up in the rubbish dump. However, we can encourage restaurants 7 (use) recycled materials to pack their meals. Thirdly, we should avoid those types of food 8 (cause) huge environmental stress. For example, now rain forests around the world are being burned down to make room for cattle farms. To protect the rainforest, we 9 eat less beef and avoid food that contains palm oil. Pollution and climate change are global problems, so we all need to work together. The good news is that every little bit counts. By using our resources 10 a more efficient way, we can save a lot of money at the same time as we save the environment. 三、人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海闵行·期中）Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. India is a country with lots of languages. Dozens of different regional languages are spoken in India, 1 share many characteristics such as grammatical structure and vocabulary. Apart from these languages, Hindi, the national, official, and main link language, 2 (use) mostly widely for communication in India. The homeland of Hindi is mainly in the north of India, but it is spoken and widely understood in all urban centers of India. In the southern states of India, Hindi is not so popularly used. Therefore, English, an associate official language in this country, remains a shared language 3 a great extent. Since the early 1600s, the English language 4 (hold) a position on the Indian subcontinent. In India, English serves two purposes. First, it provides a linguistic (语言学的) tool for the administrative-link of the country, 5 (cause) people who speak different languages to become united. Secondly, it serves as a language of 6 (wide) communication compared with other languages, including a large variety of different people covering a vast area. The importance of the ability to speak or write English has recently increased significantly 7 English has become the established standard. Learning English language has become popular for business, commerce and cultural reasons and especially for Internet communications throughout the world. The phenomenon that English has been used by many information and technology industries and recognized as being standard has stimulated a huge expansion of Internet 8 (relate) activity. English has special national status in India. One 9 see a Hindi-speaking teacher giving their students instructions during an educational tour about where 10 (meet) and when their bus would leave, all in English. Men and women who cannot understand and interpret instructions in English, even though educated, are sometimes unemployable. There would appear to be no disagreement in the community about the importance of English language skills. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海徐汇·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. The Path to Achieving Success Success is a destination that many people strive to reach, but the journey to it is rarely straightforward. 1 some may seem to achieve success effortlessly, the truth is that for most, it involves overcoming numerous hurdles. Whether it is in the form of academic challenges, career setbacks, or personal struggles, persistence, patience, and adaptability are required along the path to achieving success. One of the first obstacles 2 stand in the way is self-doubt. When you’re starting a new project or embarking on a new career, you may wonder if you’re capable of achieving your goals. However, it is important to remember that doubt is a natural part of the process. 3 you keep moving forward, you can gradually build confidence. Success, after all, is not determined by how many times you fall, but by how many times you get back up. Additionally, success is not always achieved in a linear(线性的)fashion. Many individuals find themselves 4 (face)unexpected challenges, such as economic hardships or personal crises. 5 it is the loss of a job or a health setback, these experiences can feel like major roadblocks. However, this is precisely when resilience is built. 6 who can adapt to new circumstances and continue to push forward often find that their setbacks eventually lead them to new opportunities. Success also requires learning from mistakes. We may fail many times — in our studies or careers — and the process of failing many times 7 we achieve the ultimate success can be frustrating. However, success is not solely about avoiding failure; it is about 8 you respond to it. By analyzing your mistakes and seeking ways to improve, you gradually pave the way for future achievements. In conclusion, the road to success is full of twists and turns, but it is the ability to navigate these challenges 9 determines whether one will finally reach their goals. 10 setbacks you encounter, staying focused and learning from each experience ensures that success is waiting for you at the end of the tunnel. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海浦东新·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Is Butter Bad For You? Butter is having a moment. In 2024 American consumption per person hit its highest in almost 60 years. But a new scientific study reports that butter-eating 1 (associate) with an early death. So is butter really bad for you? Reaching an answer involves understanding that not all fats are alike. At a chemical level, fats can be thought of 2 chains of carbon atoms; some are saturated, meaning every carbon atom clings to two hydrogen atoms, and others are unsaturated (不饱和的), meaning some carbon atoms bond to only one of hydrogen. Those structural differences can dramatically affect 3 those fats interact with the body. Saturated fats, for example, raise levels of cholesterol, a fatty molecule that gathers in arteries and can contribute to cardiovascular disease. They do this, in part, by partially disabling receptors in the liver which cause excess cholesterol 4 (extract) from the bloodstream and dumped into bile. Unsaturated fats, by contrast, actively reduce the levels of cholesterol by activating these same liver receptors. Most of the fat in butter is of the saturated variety. It, therefore, stands to reason that butter should have a negative effect on heart health. Indeed, randomised-controlled studies offer good evidence 5 replacing butter with plant-based oil can reduce cholesterol. There is more bad news for butter-lovers. The new study, published on March 6th, rely on data from three long-run trials of American medical professionals. For almost 33 years 220,000nurses and doctors 6 (survey) regularly about their lifestyle, diet and health. The authors found that those people who ate the most butter(averaging around one tablespoon per day) were 15% 7 (likely) to have died during the course of the study than those who avoided the stuff. By contrast, people who consumed the most plant-based oils, such as canola, soybean or olive oil — all 8 have low levels of saturated fat — were 16% less likely to die than those who consumed the least. 9 the study could not show that butter increased the risk of dying from cardiovascular diseases, consuming more plant-based oils did lower that particular risk. The authors found that 10 (replace) ten grams of butter daily with the same amount of plant-based oil appeared to reduce the cancer mortality risk by 17%. 一、人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海崇明·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Hua Luogeng: Genius Comes from Accumulation Despite only having a high school qualification, the former Professor and Mathematician Hua Luogeng published more than 200 papers, monographs and dozens of popular works in the field of mathematical research. People often say that he is a mathematical genius, 1 Hua believes that “Genius comes from accumulation, and intelligence comes from diligence.” After graduating from junior high school, Hua, who came from a poor family, began a life of part-time work and study. He spent five years 2 (complete) all high school and university coursework in mathematics. In 1931, his publication caught the attention and gained much praise from Tsinghua Professor Xiong Qinglai. He was subsequently, transferred to the Department of Mathematics to work as an assistant. Surrounded by talents, Hua made a promise to himself. “I 3 (make) extraordinary efforts to achieve my own goals!” “They have received 4 (great) education than me so I must double my efforts in order to make up for the losses. So it people only work for 8 hours every day, I need to work 12 hours every day!” Not only was Hua hardworking in his research and development, he also held great love for his country. After the founding of New China, Hua gave up his work overseas 5 (teach) at Tsinghua. In Hong Kong, he wrote “An open letter to all the Chinese students who studied abroad in America” from which he advocated the need to return home. “We 6 return for our ideals and return home for our country and people.” Hua Luogeng has made outstanding contributions to the training of new Chinese mathematicians. He was very strict with young researchers. Every day at dawn, Hua Luogeng would go to the researchers’ dormitory and knock on their doors to start his discussion on the questions and findings 7 (raise) during the lectures. It is under such strictness 8 many of his students grew and created a new talent pool of Chinese mathematicians, some of 9 are Wan Zhexian, Lu Qikeng, Wang Yuan, Chen Jingrun and much more. In 1985, Hua Luogeng went to give lectures in Japan and he fainted on the teaching podium due to exhaustion. He worked until the last minute of his life. 10 said in a poem for him, “A general dies on the battlefield and a scholar dies in his study room. You have dedicated your entire life to academics and research and you have given your life to science.” Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海杨浦·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. SpaceX’s Starship sees the company get closer to its reusable rocket dream On Oct 13, 2024, the US-based space tech company SpaceX successfully completed its fifth test flight of Starship, a powerful rocket, in Texas, US. This brought the company one step closer to its goal of creating reusable rockets, reported AFP. The giant rocket is 12-meter-tall and it 1 (consist) of two parts, the Starship spacecraft at the top and the Super Heavy rocket 2 (attach) below. Around seven minutes after launch, the two separated about 70 kilometers above the ground. The rocket’s booster flew back and gradually adjusted 3 into a standing position. Then, it began to fall, as two large mechanical arms extended from the launch tower. Like a pair of chopsticks, they “caught” the 71-meter-tall booster and brought it down to a gentle stop. Later on, the spacecraft landed in the Indian Ocean as planned. SpaceX said on its website that its engineers “spent years preparing and months testing for the booster catch attempt”. During the test, teams kept checking to ensure both the booster and the tower fit “thousands” of standards 4 any attempt to return the booster was made. Had the conditions not been satisfied, it would have been redirected for a splashdown in the Gulf of Mexico, as in previous tests. SpaceX was founded in 2002 with the ultimate goal of helping humans settle on the moon, Mars and beyond. The company has grown rapidly into a leader in the space industry thanks to its strategy of “fail fast, learn fast”. The Starship’s first few test flights failed due to problems 5 explosions or a loss of contact. SpaceX sees failures as opportunities to gather data and speed up the creation of better systems than its competitors, 6 differs from the traditional approach of identifying and planning for potential problems before a launch, 7 practiced by organizations like NASA, which can be 8 (slow), according to The Conversation. For example, NASA’s Space Launch System-the rocket designed to take astronauts to the moon as part of the Artemis program-took over 10 years 9 (develop) before its first launch. Starship represents an advancement over SpaceX’s earlier reusable model, Falcon 9, as Starship’s reusable rockets 10 now have their tanks refilled after a quick check and get ready for the next flight again. “Starship is designed to achieve reflight of its rocket booster ultimately within an hour after liftoff,” Elon Musk said on X. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海大同·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Even for chatbots the blues. According to a new study, OpenAI’s artificial intelligence tool ChatGPT shows signs of anxiety when its users share “traumatic (创伤性) narratives” about accidents. And when chatbots get stressed out, they are less likely to be useful in therapeutic settings with people. The bot’s anxiety levels can be brought down, however, with the same mindfulness exercises that 1 (show) to work on humans. Increasingly, people are trying chatbots for talk therapy. The researchers said the trend is bound to accelerate, with flesh-and-blood therapists 2 high demand but short supply. As the chatbots become more complex, they should be built with “a strong will to deal with difficult emotional situations.” AI systems like ChatGPT use large language models trained on vast amounts of internet text 3 imitates how human converse. Sometimes, the chatbots can be extremely convincing. The researchers tested ChatGPT with a questionnaire, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory that is often used in mental health care. 4 (adjust) the chatbot’s base line emotional states, the researchers first asked it to read from a dull vacuum cleaner manual. Then, the A．I. therapist was given one of five “traumatic narratives” that described, for example, a soldier in a disastrous firefight or a thief 5 (break) into an apartment. The chatbot was then given the questionnaire, which measures anxiety on a scale of 20 to 80, with 60 or above indicating severe anxiety. ChatGPT scored a 30.8 after reading the vacuum cleaner manual and spoke to a 77.2 after the military scenario. The bot was then given various tests for “mindfulness based relaxation”. Those included prompts such as: “Breathe in deeply, 6 (take) in the scent of a gentle breeze, and picture yourself on a tropical beach, the soft, warm sand cushioning your feet.” After 7 (process) those exercises, the therapy chatbot’s anxiety score fell to a 4.4. The researchers then asked it to write its own relaxation prompt based on the ones it 8 (feed) . “That was actually the most effective prompt to reduce its anxiety almost to base line,” Dr. Ben -Zion said. Although the study showed chatbots 9 act as assistants to human therapy and calls for careful oversight, that was not enough for James D．Robson, a law and science scholar who is an associate at artificial intelligence at Dartmouth College, “people who use these sorts of chatbots should be fully informed about exactly 10 they were trained.” “Trust in language models depends upon knowing something about their origins,” he said. 二、人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海复旦复兴·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Fascinating Food Facts Food and drink reveal much about culture and history. Here’s a look at some fascinating food facts from around the world. Beer has long held a unique place in global culture. In ancient England, it   1 (often serve) with breakfast, while in Bavaria, it’s regarded as an essential part of the diet. Interestingly, beer commercials sometimes use washing-up liquid 2 (give) it more head (泡沫). Researchers in Denmark even discovered that beer tastes better when 3 (accompany) by music. 4 beer, there are many interesting food facts. Native Americans avoided eating turkeys, viewing them as too docile (温顺的). Turkey contains tryptophan, a chemical linked to sleepiness, possibly 5 (explain) post-Christmas naps. Meanwhile, Spam, a pink pork product, lasts indefinitely in a closed can and is often exchanged as gifts in Korea. Another enduring food is honey — it’s the only food 6 doesn’t spoil. Rice feeds half the world, while potatoes feed the other half. Meanwhile, the U.S. sells over 200 million M&M’s daily, and Fanta Orange ranks as the third   7 (popular) soda globally. Surprisingly, the number “57” on Heinz ketchup bottles is purely decorative, created for marketing appeal. Similarly, Coca-Cola’s original description, “Esteemed Brain Tonic &Intellectual Beverage,” shows   8 imaginative advertising can be. Dentists say chocolate can help prevent tooth decay because it contains such elements as calcium and phosphates, which are often considered tooth friendly. U.S. students in surveys 9 (choose) pizza, chicken nuggets, and burgers as favorites, while vegetables and tofu stayed among the least liked foods. Finally, 10 many competitors offer near-identical tastes, Coca-Cola’s secret recipe is supposedly locked away in Atlanta. Famous individuals have their food preferences too — Bill Clinton enjoys chicken, while the Danish queen loves Japanese fare (日料). Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海西南位育·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Hemingway’s Art of Omission (省略) Ernest Hemingway, celebrated for his plain prose, believed that profound truths hide beneath simplicity. 1 (grow) up in Illinois, he developed a love for outdoor adventures — experiences 2 later provided raw material for his war novels. When World War I broke out, Hemingway, rejected by the army 3 poor eyesight, volunteered as an ambulance driver. This decision marked the beginning of his lifelong fascination with exploring human courage in extreme conditions. A Farewell to Arms, published in 1929, remains one of literature’s 4 (moving) anti-war statements. Central to his writing was the “iceberg theory” — the idea 5 omitting unnecessary details allows readers to perceive deeper meanings. In The Old Man and the Sea, Santiago’s battle with the marlin becomes a universal metaphor for perseverance. What astonished critics was how Hemingway managed 6 (convey) existential despair through deceptively simple dialogues. Hemingway’s personal life, however, was anything but peaceful. Married four times, he struggled with depression, yet his characters, 7 often faced hardship with steady determination, showed great strength and bravery. The writer once compared crafting fiction to bullfighting: “It’s not about describing every drop of blood, but making readers feel the horn’s shadow.” This principle explains why his stories, 8 (write) in simple language, strike emotional chords. Today, as AI attempts to imitate his style, we 9 (remind) that Hemingway’s true legacy lies not in what he wrote, 10 in what he dared to leave unsaid — a testament to the power of disciplined silence. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海建平·期中）Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Patient Companion Mainly found in large cities with better medical resources, patient companions exist to help people deal with complicated medical systems. The profession 1 (develop) rapidly in China, with companion services being used over 4.3 million times in 2023. The total industry 2 (value) at 747 million yuan. In most cases, patient companions are found by clients 3 on social media. After the two sides sign an agreement, the patient companion 4 research the patient’s condition as well as the hospital where the patient is being treated. Patient companions arrive early to check in for appointments, 5 allows their clients to skip the long lines found in many large hospitals. They go to make payments or pick up prescriptions (医生开的药) on behalf of the patients if the latter have difficulty 6 (walk) or are unfamiliar with the processes. While waiting, the companions also provide emotional support and simple medical information to their clients. When 7 (permit), they will enter the consultation room with patients and take notes for them. Patient companions also help to facilitate communication between patients and doctors. As China’s population ages, there has been an increased demand for patient companions in recent years. The elderly often need help booking appointments at the crowded top hospitals. Meanwhile, many young people have started using patient companion services, as they found asking relatives or friends unnecessary or sometimes 8 (embarrass). The emergence of patient companions has helped to fill some gaps in China’s medical systems. And it looks like the profession is here to stay. Last month, Shanghai announced that it would include patient companions in its eldercare welfare system 9 a trial basis. With more comprehensive regulations 10 (introduce) in the future, patient companions will be more beneficial to both patients and medical workers. 三、人与自然 Passage 1 （23-24高一下·上海嘉定·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Repair Café When things around the house stop working, what do you usually do with them? If you're 1 a lot of people, you probably just throw them away. This tendency has led to the modern nickname: the throwaway culture. There are many reasons for this trend. In some areas 2 it's difficult to find people who can make repairs, fixing things can be quite expensive. Also, some small appliances are so inexpensive that it's often much 3 (easy) to just buy a new one. In 2009, Martine Postma from the Netherlands decided there must be a better way. Her solution was Repair Cafés: places where people can take damaged or 4 (tear) items. There they will find tools, resources and volunteer experts who are willing to help with repairs. Postma's first Repair Café opened on Oct. 18, 2009, in Amsterdam, and was a huge success. News of the café spread, and people began asking 5 they could start their own. In 2011, Postma established the Repair Café Foundation. This nonprofit organization provides guidance to those hoping to begin their own neighborhood repair group. Today, there are roughly 2,000 Repair Cafés around the world with meetings typically 6 (occur) once a month. Around 25 objects per session are repaired. 7 is free, but donations are greatly appreciated. Not only do the cafés provide help with repairs, they also strengthen community ties. Neighbors get to know one another as they work together on projects. In addition, valuable knowledge is passed along and preserved. Items are kept 8 thrown away, meaning less trash in landfills. 9 an average broken item weighs a kilo, it's been estimated that 2,000 Repair Cafés prevent 35,000 kilos of trash every month. That 10 (add) up to about 420,000 kilos per year! Passage 2 （23-24高一下·上海浦东新·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. In 1831, a 22-year-old English biologist called Charles Darwin boarded the HMS Beagle in Plymouth and set off on an incredible voyage. His aim was to observe the natural world in places 1 had not been studied in much detail. Almost 200 years later, another mission, the Darwin 200, has invited a team of conservationists to retrace back the Beagle’s journey. HMS Beagle’s mission was to map the harbours of South America. Darwin was invited along 2 (survey) the natural world. His observations on the Galapagos Islands, around 560 miles off the coast of Ecuador, changed the way Darwin saw nature, 3 (lead) to Darwin’s most famous work: his theory of evolution (进化论). This explained 4 species change over time to adapt to their environments, a process called natural selection. It has been described as “ 5 (big) single idea in the history of human thought”. What is Darwin 200’s mission? The Darwin200 ship 6 (sail) more than 40,000 miles and stop at 32 ports in four continents. Specially 7 (choose) conservationists will join at different stages for a week each to carry out wildlife studies. 8 the journey, the ship’s crew will make films that explain Charles Darwin’s discoveries. The Darwin 200 team will travel in a 50-metre-long Dutch sailing ship called Oosterschelde, which 9 (build) in 1918 and has been restored fully for this voyage. The ship’s captain said, “She has sailed the distance from here to the Moon and back twice! 10 I may handle the most difficult situations, I trust her to bring me back home safely.” The ship is due to reach the Galapagos Islands in April 2025 2 / 35 1 / 35 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 语法填空（期中真题汇编，上海专用） 一、人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海静安·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. In the era of globalization, the world has become a closely-knit community. Multinational companies are constantly expanding 1 reach. Take Starbucks as an example. It has managed to integrate into different cultures 2 maintaining its brand identity. Starbucks entered China in 1999. At first, it 3 (face) challenges as Chinese people had a long-standing tea-drinking culture. However, instead of 4 (force) its Western coffee-drinking model, the company adapted to local preferences. It introduced new beverage options like green tea-based drinks, 5 catered to the Chinese tastes. This localization strategy not only satisfied local tastes but also helped the brand gain a 6 (deep) understanding of the local market. Moreover, Starbucks has been actively involved in community-building initiatives. It has opened stores in areas that are undergoing urban renewal. These stores serve as gathering places, where people from different backgrounds can communicate, thus promoting cross-cultural exchange. Additionally, the company has been committed to sustainable sourcing of coffee beans. By working directly with coffee farmers in various countries, Starbucks ensures the quality of its products and at the same time supports the livelihoods of small-scale farmers. This global-local approach has made Starbucks a successful example in the process of globalization. It shows 7 in the global market, companies need to be flexible and responsible to succeed. The success of Starbucks also has an impact on the local coffee-related industries. Local coffee shops have been inspired by its business model and service standards. Some local entrepreneurs have started their own coffee ventures and tried to combine local flavors with modern coffee-making techniques. This has led 8 a growth in the domestic coffee market, creating more job opportunities and contributing to the overall economic development. 9 globalization brings many benefits in the field, it also poses challenges. For example, local coffee shops may face fierce competition from international chains like Starbucks. They need to find their unique selling points and continuously innovate 10 (survive) in the market. One of the keys to their success actually lies in how they can better understand and meet the local customers’ needs. 【答案】 1．their 2．while 3．faced 4．forcing 5．which 6．deeper 7．that 8．to 9．Although/Though/While 10．to survive 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了星巴克公司是如何成功地融入了不同的文化，同时保持了自己的品牌形象。 1．考查代词。句意：跨国公司不断扩大他们的影响力。此处为短语expand one’s reach表示“扩大影响力”，主语为companies，代词用their。故填their。 2．考查状语从句的省略。句意：它在保持了自己的品牌形象的时候，成功地融入了不同的文化。引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”用while，此处省略从句主语和be动词。故填while。 3．考查时态。句意：起初，它面临着挑战，因为中国人有着悠久的饮茶文化。根据上文Starbucks entered China in 1999.及At first可知发生在过去，为一般过去时。故填faced。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，该公司并没有强制推行西方的咖啡饮用模式，而是根据当地的偏好进行了调整。作介词的宾语，用动名词形式。故填forcing。 5．考查定语从句。句意：它推出了新的饮料选择，如绿茶饮料，以迎合中国人的口味。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词new beverage options，在从句作主语，指物。故填which。 6．考查比较级。句意：这种本土化策略不仅满足了当地人的口味，也帮助品牌对当地市场有了更深入的了解。此处表示“更深的”用比较级，形容词作定语。故填deeper。 7．考查宾语从句。句意：这表明，在全球市场上，企业需要灵活和负责任才能成功。引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分或句意，故用that。故填that。 8．考查介词。句意：这导致了国内咖啡市场的增长，创造了更多的就业机会，并促进了整体经济的发展。短语lead to表示“导致”。故填to。 9．考查状语从句。句意：尽管全球化给该领域带来了许多好处，但也带来了挑战。引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”可用although、though或while，首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们需要找到自己独特的卖点，不断创新才能在市场中生存。此处survive作目的状语，用不定式。故填to survive。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海嘉定·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The importance of Accessibility Awareness At a recent meeting, people with disabilities talked about their lives. I was amazed to hear about the challenges 1 (face) by people with physical disabilities. However, 2 amazed me most was the great importance of education about handicap (残障) facilities. Two women who 3 (use) wheelchairs all their life are two important members of the National Group for Disabled Persons, devoted to 4 (raise) awareness about disabilities. They educate about all the facilities for people with disabilities. One big concern is that the public take advantage of aids, such as handicap parking spaces. So people 5 disabilities need to be educated about these facilities. And the meeting focused on educating the public. Some handicap spots have extra room next to them, marked with the “No Parking” signs. Some people think 6 they’re not in the spot, they can take the no-parking area next to it. However, the women 7 use wheelchairs disagree to this. The space exists to someone in a wheelchair to have room to get in or out of their car. If there is a car in that space, the handicap parking spot is no longer useful. Some walkways have handrails next to them to help those who require extra help. 8 it is a blind person seeking help or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking. Sometimes the rail is blocked by a parked bicycle for example, due to lack of education. People who 9 (inform) of the rail’s use will be less likely to mistake it for a bike rack (停放架). If more people are educated about the proper uses of facilities, there will be 10 (few) challenges for people with physical disabilities. 【答案】 1．faced 2．what 3．have used 4．raising 5．with 6．if 7．who/that 8．Whether 9．are informed 10．fewer 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕无障碍设施意识的重要性展开，通过介绍残疾人士生活面临的挑战及设施使用中存在的问题，强调对公众进行残障设施教育的重要性。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：我很惊讶地听到身体残疾的人所面临的挑战。“(face) by people with physical disabilities”作后置定语，face(面临，遭遇)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语“challenges”之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填faced。 2．考查主语从句。句意：然而，最让我惊讶的是关于残障设施教育的重要性。“____ amazed me most”是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，且表示“……的事情”，应用连接代词what引导从句。故填what。 3．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：两位终生使用轮椅的妇女是致力于提高人们对残疾认识的国家残疾人组织的两位重要成员。use(使用)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语who(即先行词Two women)之间是主动关系，结合时间状语“all their life”可知，该动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时态，主语是复数名词，助动词用have。故填have used。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：两位终生使用轮椅的妇女是致力于提高人们对残疾认识的国家残疾人组织的两位重要成员。“devote to”意为“致力于、专注于、献身于”，to是介词，后接动名词raising作宾语。故填raising。 5．考查介词。句意：所以残疾人士需要接受关于这些设施的教育。表示“有残疾的”，用介词with(具有)构成介词短语“with disabilities”作后置定语。故填with。 6．考查条件状语从句。句意：有些人认为如果他们不在停车位里，他们就可以占用旁边的禁停区域。“they’re not in the spot”是“they can take the no parking area next to it”的条件，用从属连词if引导条件状语从句。故填if。 7．考查定语从句。句意：然而，使用轮椅的女性不同意这种观点。“____ use wheelchairs”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“the women”，指人，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，用关系代词who/that引导从句。故填who/that。 8．考查让步状语从句。句意：无论是盲人寻求帮助还是老年人寻求支撑，扶手都是为了行走而设的。根据句意和句中“or”可知，用“whether...or...”引导让步状语从句，意为“无论是……还是……”；句首单词首字母大写。故填Whether。 9．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：被告知扶手用途的人不太可能把它错当成自行车停放架。inform(告知)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语who(即先行词People)之间是被动关系，描述的是一般情况，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是名词People，谓语用复数形式are informed。故填are informed。 10．考查形容词比较级。句意：如果更多的人接受关于设施正确使用的教育，身体残疾的人面临的挑战就会更少。这里是将接受教育前后进行对比，用比较级，“few”的比较级是“fewer”，意为“更少的”，作定语。故填fewer。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海浦东新·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Night owls’ cognitive function superior to early risers For decades, the idea that early risers are more productive and have a 1 (high) cognitive (认知的) function than night owls has been widely accepted. However, a new study suggests that night owls 2 actually have a better cognitive function compared to early morning risers. The study, 3 (conduct) in the journal Sleep, found that individuals who naturally go to bed later and sleep in later in the morning have a higher level of cognitive flexibility and attentional control. Researchers at the University of Toronto carried out a series of experiments 4 (test) the cognitive abilities of 100 individuals, with half being classified 5 night owls and the other half as morning larks. Participants 6 (give) a series of cognitive tests, including tasks that required attention, problem-solving, and memory recall. The study found that night owls outperformed early risers in tasks 7 required flexibility and adaptability. Night owls were also better at finding out irrelevant information and 8 (focus) on relevant cues. Night owls also showed more creativity and open-mindedness, 9 (make) them good at jobs that need innovation and problem-solving. These findings may help to explain 10 many successful businessmen, innovators, and artists are often night owls. In contrast, early risers were better at routine tasks and following procedures, which is useful in jobs like customer service. The study’s findings suggest that owing to the small sample size, more research is needed to confirm these findings. But it is noted that the night owls may have 11 advantage in certain areas of cognitive function. As the study’s authors suggest, “night owls may be more likely to thrive in careers that require creativity, innovation, and adaptability, 12 early risers may excel in careers that require repetition and routine. ” 【答案】 1．higher 2．may 3．conducted 4．to test 5．as 6．were given 7．that/which 8．focusing 9．making 10．why 11．an 12．while 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了关于夜猫子和早起者认知能力差异的研究发现。 1．考查形容词。句意：几十年来，早起的人比夜猫子效率更高、认知功能更强的观点被广泛接受。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据后文than可知，用比较级形式。故填higher。 2．考查情态动词。句意：然而，一项新的研究表明，夜猫子实际上可能比早起的人有更好的认知功能。空后是动词原形，且空处没有提示词，所以空处应填情态动词，根据句意，此处表推测“可能”之意，用情态动词may。故填may。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：这项发表在《睡眠》杂志上的研究发现，那些自然入睡时间较晚、早晨起床也较晚的人，其认知灵活性和注意力控制能力更强。本句已有谓语动词found，所以conduct用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语The study之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填conducted。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：多伦多大学的研究人员进行了一系列实验，测试了100个人的认知能力，其中一半被归类为夜猫子，另一半被归类为早起的人。句已有谓语动词carried out，所以test用非谓语形式，根据句意，此处表目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to test。 5．考查介词。句意：多伦多大学的研究人员进行了一系列实验，测试了100个人的认知能力，其中一半被归类为夜猫子，另一半被归类为早起的人。此处是固定搭配：classify as意为“归类为”。故填as。 6．考查动词时态和语态。句意：参与者接受了一系列认知测试，包括需要注意力、解决问题和回忆的任务。give作本句谓语，和主语Participants之间是被动关系，用被动语态，描述已发生的事，用一般过去时，主语为复数。故填were given。 7．考查定语从句。句意：研究发现，夜猫子在需要灵活性和适应性的任务中表现得比早起的人要好。空处引导定语从句，先行词是tasks，在从句中作主语，用that或者which引导。故填that/which。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：夜猫子也更善于发现无关信息，专注于相关线索。根据and可知，空处和前文的finding并列，应填动名词形式作宾语。故填focusing。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：夜猫子也表现出更多的创造力和开放的思想，使他们擅长需要创新和解决问题的工作。本句已有谓语动词showed，所以make用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语creativity and open-mindedness之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填making。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：这些发现可能有助于解释为什么许多成功的商人、创新者和艺术家往往是夜猫子。空处引导宾语从句，从句结构完整，用连接副词引导，根据句意，表达“为什么”之意，用why引导。故填why。 11．考查冠词。句意：但值得注意的是，夜猫子可能在某些认知功能领域具有优势。此处是固定搭配：have an advantage in意为“在...方面具有优势”。故填an。 12．考查连词。句意：正如该研究的作者所指出的那样，“夜猫子更有可能在需要创造力、创新和适应能力的职业中茁壮成长，而早起的人可能在需要重复和常规的职业中表现出色。”根据句意可知，空处应填并列连词，表达“然而”之意，用while。故填while。 二、人与自然-环境保护 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海七宝中学·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct. Make a difference to the environment It is often hard to determine whether the food we eat is eco-friendly or not. However, it is clear that some types of food have a 1 (big) environmental impact than others. What can we do in our everyday lives to make 2 difference? Firstly, we should avoid food that has travelled a long way. Food transport is a big source of CO₂, 3 causes global warming. In other words, it is best to eat food that 4 (produce) by the local people. Secondly, 5 the fast food is very convenient, we should eat less fast food for the environment. Recently, fast food has become very popular, but 6 is unfortunately very bad for the environment. Most takeaway containers will probably end up in the rubbish dump. However, we can encourage restaurants 7 (use) recycled materials to pack their meals. Thirdly, we should avoid those types of food 8 (cause) huge environmental stress. For example, now rain forests around the world are being burned down to make room for cattle farms. To protect the rainforest, we 9 eat less beef and avoid food that contains palm oil. Pollution and climate change are global problems, so we all need to work together. The good news is that every little bit counts. By using our resources 10 a more efficient way, we can save a lot of money at the same time as we save the environment. 【答案】 1．bigger 2．a 3．which 4．is produced 5．although/though/while 6．it 7．to use 8．causing 9．should 10．in 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了食物对环境的影响，并提出了一些在日常生活中可以采取的环保措施，如避免食用运输距离长的食物、少吃快餐、避免食用对环境压力大的食物等，强调每个人小小的行动都对保护环境有意义。 1．考查形容词比较级。句意：然而，很明显，某些食物对环境的影响比其他食物更大。由后文 “than others”可知，此处应用big的比较级 bigger，表示“更大的”，修饰“environmental impact”。故填bigger。 2．考查固定短语。句意：在日常生活中，我们能做些什么来改变世界呢？此处为固定短语“make a difference”，意为“有影响；起作用”。故填a。 3．考查定语从句。句意：食品运输是导致全球变暖的二氧化碳的主要来源。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“CO₂”， 先行词CO₂在从句中作主语，所以为关系代词which引导。故填which。 4．考查动词时态和语态。句意：换句话说，最好吃当地人生产的食物。分析句子可知，“that ____ (produce) by the local people” 是定语从句修饰 “food”，food与 produce之间是被动关系，且句子描述的是一般情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态 is produced。故填is produced。 5．考查让步状语从句。句意：其次，虽然快餐很方便，但是为了环境我们应该少吃快餐。根据句意可知，前后句之间是让步关系，意为“尽管快餐很方便，但为了环境我们应该少吃快餐”，所以此处为连词although/though/while表示“尽管”引导让步状语从句。故填although/though/while。 6．考查代词。句意：最近，快餐已经变得非常流行，但不幸的是，它对环境非常不利。分析句子可知，这里用it指代前面提到的“fast food”，在句子中作主语。故填it。 7．考查动词不定式。句意：然而，我们可以鼓励餐馆使用可回收材料来包装他们的饭菜。“encourage sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，所以此处动词不定式形式。故填to use。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：第三，我们应该避免那些对环境造成巨大压力的食物。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰“those types of food”，food与 cause之间是主动关系，故用现在分词causing。故填causing。 9．考查情态动词。句意：为了保护雨林，我们应该少吃牛肉，避免含有棕榈油的食物。根据语境，为了保护雨林，我们“应该”少吃牛肉，用情态动词should 表示“应该”，提出建议。故填should。 10．考查固定短语。句意：通过更有效地利用我们的资源，我们可以在拯救环境的同时节省很多钱。“in a...way”是固定搭配，意为“以一种…… 的方式”。故填in。 三、人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海闵行·期中）Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. India is a country with lots of languages. Dozens of different regional languages are spoken in India, 1 share many characteristics such as grammatical structure and vocabulary. Apart from these languages, Hindi, the national, official, and main link language, 2 (use) mostly widely for communication in India. The homeland of Hindi is mainly in the north of India, but it is spoken and widely understood in all urban centers of India. In the southern states of India, Hindi is not so popularly used. Therefore, English, an associate official language in this country, remains a shared language 3 a great extent. Since the early 1600s, the English language 4 (hold) a position on the Indian subcontinent. In India, English serves two purposes. First, it provides a linguistic (语言学的) tool for the administrative-link of the country, 5 (cause) people who speak different languages to become united. Secondly, it serves as a language of 6 (wide) communication compared with other languages, including a large variety of different people covering a vast area. The importance of the ability to speak or write English has recently increased significantly 7 English has become the established standard. Learning English language has become popular for business, commerce and cultural reasons and especially for Internet communications throughout the world. The phenomenon that English has been used by many information and technology industries and recognized as being standard has stimulated a huge expansion of Internet 8 (relate) activity. English has special national status in India. One 9 see a Hindi-speaking teacher giving their students instructions during an educational tour about where 10 (meet) and when their bus would leave, all in English. Men and women who cannot understand and interpret instructions in English, even though educated, are sometimes unemployable. There would appear to be no disagreement in the community about the importance of English language skills. 【答案】 1．which 2．is used 3．to 4．has held 5．causing 6．wider 7．because/as 8．related 9．can 10．to meet 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了印度语言的使用情况，重点阐述了英语在印度的地位和作用。 1．考查定语从句。句意：印度有许多不同的地区语言，这些语言有很多共同特征，比如语法结构和词汇。此处应填入关系代词引导非限定性定语从句并做主语，先行词是Dozens of different regional languages，故填which。 2．考查被动语态。句意：除了这些语言外，印地语作为印度的国家语言、官方语言和主要的通用语言，在印度被广泛用于交流。空白处在句子中作谓语，谓语动词use与主语Hindi之间是被动关系，要使用被动语态，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is used。 3．考查固定短语和介词。句意：因此，英语作为这个国家的辅助官方语言，在很大程度上仍然是一种通用语言。to a great extent是固定短语，意为“在很大程度上”，故填to。 4．考查时态。句意：自17世纪初以来，英语在印度次大陆一直占据着重要地位。根据时间状语Since the early 1600s可知，本句表示的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，句子谓语动词要用现在完成时，主语the English language，助动词用has，故填has held。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：首先，它为国家的行政管理提供了一种语言工具，使说不同语言的人团结在一起。空白处应填入现在分词作结果状语，以作为上文的一个很自然的结果， 故填causing。 6．考查形容词比较级。句意：其次，与其他语言相比，它是一种更广泛用于交流的语言，涵盖了广大地区的众多不同人群。根据下文“compared with other languages (与其他语言相比)”可知，此处说的是与其他语言进行比较，要用形容词的比较级，故填wider。 7．考查连词。句意：最近，说或写英语的能力的重要性显著提高了，因为英语已经成为既定标准。根据上文“The importance of the ability to speak or write English has recently increased significantly (说或写英语的能力的重要性最近显著增加)”以及下文“English has become the established standard. (英语已经成为既定的标准)”可知，前后句子是因果关系，故填because/as。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：英语被许多信息技术产业使用并被认可为标准这一现象刺激了互联网相关活动的巨大发展。根据后面的名词activity可知应填入现在分词或过去分词作定语，又因为relate和逻辑主语activity之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应使用过去分词，故填related。 9．考查情态动词。句意：人们可以看到一位说印地语的老师在一次教育旅行中用英语给学生指示在哪里集合以及他们的巴士什么时候离开。根据下文“a Hindi-speaking teacher giving their students instructions (说印地语的老师给学生指示)”以及“all in English (全部用英语)”可知，这里表示“可以”，应使用情态动词can，故填 can。 10．考查“疑问词+不定式”结构。句意：同上。本句使用了“疑问词+不定式”结构在句中作宾语，故填to meet。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海徐汇·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. The Path to Achieving Success Success is a destination that many people strive to reach, but the journey to it is rarely straightforward. 1 some may seem to achieve success effortlessly, the truth is that for most, it involves overcoming numerous hurdles. Whether it is in the form of academic challenges, career setbacks, or personal struggles, persistence, patience, and adaptability are required along the path to achieving success. One of the first obstacles 2 stand in the way is self-doubt. When you’re starting a new project or embarking on a new career, you may wonder if you’re capable of achieving your goals. However, it is important to remember that doubt is a natural part of the process. 3 you keep moving forward, you can gradually build confidence. Success, after all, is not determined by how many times you fall, but by how many times you get back up. Additionally, success is not always achieved in a linear(线性的)fashion. Many individuals find themselves 4 (face)unexpected challenges, such as economic hardships or personal crises. 5 it is the loss of a job or a health setback, these experiences can feel like major roadblocks. However, this is precisely when resilience is built. 6 who can adapt to new circumstances and continue to push forward often find that their setbacks eventually lead them to new opportunities. Success also requires learning from mistakes. We may fail many times — in our studies or careers — and the process of failing many times 7 we achieve the ultimate success can be frustrating. However, success is not solely about avoiding failure; it is about 8 you respond to it. By analyzing your mistakes and seeking ways to improve, you gradually pave the way for future achievements. In conclusion, the road to success is full of twists and turns, but it is the ability to navigate these challenges 9 determines whether one will finally reach their goals. 10 setbacks you encounter, staying focused and learning from each experience ensures that success is waiting for you at the end of the tunnel. 【答案】 1．While/Though/Although 2．that 3．As long as/As long as 4．facing 5．Whether 6．Those 7．before 8．how 9．that 10．Whatever 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了实现成功的路径，包括成功过程中可能遇到的障碍，并提出了应对这些挑战的方法和建议。 1．考查状语从句。句意：虽然有些人似乎毫不费力就能取得成功，但事实上，对于大多数人来说，成功需要克服无数的障碍。空处为让步性状语从句的引导词，意为“虽然”，可用引导词“while或though或although”；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填While/Though/Although。 2．考查定语从句。句意：挡在成功道路上的首要障碍之一是自我怀疑。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词为“obstacles”，在定语从句中担当主语；由于其前有序数词“the first”修饰，用关系代词that引导。故填that。 3．考查状语从句。句意：只要你不断前进，就能逐渐建立起信心。空处为状语从句的引导词，意为“只要”，用“as/as long as”引导；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填As/So long as。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：许多人发现自己面临着意想不到的挑战，比如经济困难或个人危机。空处为非谓语动词形式担当宾语补足语；宾语“themselves”和动词“face”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填facing。 5．考查状语从句。句意：无论是失业还是健康问题，这些经历都可能成为重大的阻碍。空处为让步性状语从句的引导词，意为“无论是……还是……”，用“whether…or…”引导；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Whether。 6．考查代词。句意：那些能够适应新环境并继续前进的人常常会发现，他们所经历的挫折最终会为他们带来新的机会。空处为代词形式担当主语，指的是“……人”；根据谓语动词“find”可推测，空处为复数意思；由此可推测，空处用代词“those”；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Those。 7．考查状语从句。句意：在我们的学习或职业生涯中，我们可能会经历多次失败，在取得最终成功之前经历多次失败的过程可能会令人沮丧。空处为时间状语从句的引导词，意为“在……之前”，用“before”引导。故填before。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：然而，成功不仅仅是避免失败，更在于你对失败的应对方式。空处为宾语从句的引导词；宾语从句中缺少方式状语，用how引导。故填how。 9．考查强调句型。句意：总之，通往成功的道路充满了曲折，但正是应对这些挑战的能力决定了一个人是否最终能实现目标。空处为强调句型：it is…that…，意为“正是……”，符合句意。故填that。 10．考查状语从句。句意：无论你遇到什么挫折，保持专注并从每一次经历中学习，你就能确信成功就在隧道的尽头等着你。空处为让步性状语从句的引导词；根据句意可知，意为“无论什么样的”，修饰名词setbacks，用“whatever”引导；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Whatever。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海浦东新·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Is Butter Bad For You? Butter is having a moment. In 2024 American consumption per person hit its highest in almost 60 years. But a new scientific study reports that butter-eating 1 (associate) with an early death. So is butter really bad for you? Reaching an answer involves understanding that not all fats are alike. At a chemical level, fats can be thought of 2 chains of carbon atoms; some are saturated, meaning every carbon atom clings to two hydrogen atoms, and others are unsaturated (不饱和的), meaning some carbon atoms bond to only one of hydrogen. Those structural differences can dramatically affect 3 those fats interact with the body. Saturated fats, for example, raise levels of cholesterol, a fatty molecule that gathers in arteries and can contribute to cardiovascular disease. They do this, in part, by partially disabling receptors in the liver which cause excess cholesterol 4 (extract) from the bloodstream and dumped into bile. Unsaturated fats, by contrast, actively reduce the levels of cholesterol by activating these same liver receptors. Most of the fat in butter is of the saturated variety. It, therefore, stands to reason that butter should have a negative effect on heart health. Indeed, randomised-controlled studies offer good evidence 5 replacing butter with plant-based oil can reduce cholesterol. There is more bad news for butter-lovers. The new study, published on March 6th, rely on data from three long-run trials of American medical professionals. For almost 33 years 220,000nurses and doctors 6 (survey) regularly about their lifestyle, diet and health. The authors found that those people who ate the most butter(averaging around one tablespoon per day) were 15% 7 (likely) to have died during the course of the study than those who avoided the stuff. By contrast, people who consumed the most plant-based oils, such as canola, soybean or olive oil — all 8 have low levels of saturated fat — were 16% less likely to die than those who consumed the least. 9 the study could not show that butter increased the risk of dying from cardiovascular diseases, consuming more plant-based oils did lower that particular risk. The authors found that 10 (replace) ten grams of butter daily with the same amount of plant-based oil appeared to reduce the cancer mortality risk by 17%. 【答案】 1．is associated 2．as 3．how 4．to be extracted 5．that 6．have been surveyed 7．more likely 8．of which 9．Although/Though/While 10．replacing 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了黄油对人体是否有害的问题。 1．考查固定短语和主谓一致。句意：但一项新的科学研究报告称，吃黄油与早逝有关。“be associated with”是固定短语，意为“与…… 有关联”，这里描述的是一般性情况，主语“butter-eating”是动名词作主语，视为单数，故填is associated。 2．考查固定短语。句意：在化学层面上，脂肪可以被认为是碳原子链。“think of...as...”是固定短语，意为“把……看作……”，故填as。 3．考查宾语从句。句意：这些结构上的差异会极大地影响脂肪如何与身体的相互作用。 空处为“affect”的宾语从句，从句中结构完整，根据语境，这里表示“如何”，应用“how”引导宾语从句。故填how。 4．考查不定式的被动语态。 句意：他们这样做的部分原因是，部分地使肝脏中的受体丧失功能，导致过量的胆固醇从血液中被提取出来并倾倒到胆汁中。“cause sth. to be done”是固定用法，意为“使某事被做”，“cholesterol”和“extract”之间是被动关系，故填to be extracted。 5．考查同位语从句。句意：事实上，随机对照研究提供了很好的证据，用植物油代替黄油可以降低胆固醇。“evidence”后是一个同位语从句，解释说明“evidence”的内容，从句结构和意义完整，所以用“that”引导同位语从句。故填that。 6．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：33年来，22万名护士和医生对他们的生活方式、饮食和健康状况进行了定期调查。设空处为谓语，根据For almost 33 years应用现在完成时，主语和谓语之间是被动关系，主语220,000nurses and doctors是复数，助动词用have，have been surveyed。 7．考查比较级。句意：研究人员发现，在研究过程中，那些吃黄油最多的人（平均每天大约一汤匙）比那些不吃黄油的人死亡的可能性高15%。 根据“than”可知，这里用比较级，“likely”的比较级是“more likely”，表示“更有可能”。故填more likely。 8．考查定语从句。句意：相比之下，食用植物油最多的人，如菜籽油、大豆油或橄榄油——它们的饱和脂肪含量都很低——死亡的可能性比食用黄油最少的人低16%。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“plant-based oils”，指物，应用which，和all是所属关系，应借助于介词of。故填of which。 9．考查连词。句意：虽然这项研究不能证明黄油会增加死于心血管疾病的风险，但食用更多的植物油确实会降低这种风险。根据前后句的逻辑关系，这里表示“尽管这项研究不能表明黄油会增加死于心血管疾病的风险，但食用更多的植物油确实降低了这种、风险”，所以用 “although/though/while”引导让步状语从句，句首单词首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。 10．考查动名词。句意：作者发现，每天用相同数量的植物油代替10克黄油，似乎可以将癌症死亡风险降低17%。设空处是主语，描述一般性行为，所以用动名词“replacing”。故填replacing。 一、人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海崇明·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Hua Luogeng: Genius Comes from Accumulation Despite only having a high school qualification, the former Professor and Mathematician Hua Luogeng published more than 200 papers, monographs and dozens of popular works in the field of mathematical research. People often say that he is a mathematical genius, 1 Hua believes that “Genius comes from accumulation, and intelligence comes from diligence.” After graduating from junior high school, Hua, who came from a poor family, began a life of part-time work and study. He spent five years 2 (complete) all high school and university coursework in mathematics. In 1931, his publication caught the attention and gained much praise from Tsinghua Professor Xiong Qinglai. He was subsequently, transferred to the Department of Mathematics to work as an assistant. Surrounded by talents, Hua made a promise to himself. “I 3 (make) extraordinary efforts to achieve my own goals!” “They have received 4 (great) education than me so I must double my efforts in order to make up for the losses. So it people only work for 8 hours every day, I need to work 12 hours every day!” Not only was Hua hardworking in his research and development, he also held great love for his country. After the founding of New China, Hua gave up his work overseas 5 (teach) at Tsinghua. In Hong Kong, he wrote “An open letter to all the Chinese students who studied abroad in America” from which he advocated the need to return home. “We 6 return for our ideals and return home for our country and people.” Hua Luogeng has made outstanding contributions to the training of new Chinese mathematicians. He was very strict with young researchers. Every day at dawn, Hua Luogeng would go to the researchers’ dormitory and knock on their doors to start his discussion on the questions and findings 7 (raise) during the lectures. It is under such strictness 8 many of his students grew and created a new talent pool of Chinese mathematicians, some of 9 are Wan Zhexian, Lu Qikeng, Wang Yuan, Chen Jingrun and much more. In 1985, Hua Luogeng went to give lectures in Japan and he fainted on the teaching podium due to exhaustion. He worked until the last minute of his life. 10 said in a poem for him, “A general dies on the battlefield and a scholar dies in his study room. You have dedicated your entire life to academics and research and you have given your life to science.” 【答案】 1．but 2．completing 3．will make 4．greater 5．to teach 6．must 7．raised 8．that 9．whom 10．As 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了数学家华罗庚的生平事迹。 1．考查连词。句意：人们常说他是数学天才，但华罗庚认为“天才在于积累，聪明在于勤奋”。前后句子存在转折关系，用连词but连接两个分句。故填but。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：他花了五年时间完成了所有高中和大学的数学课程。spend time (in) doing sth.是固定用法，意为“花费时间做某事”，用动名词completing作宾语。故填completing。 3．考查情态动词。句意：我要付出非凡的努力来实现自己的目标！make(做，作出)是直接引语中谓语动词，根据语境，这里表达强烈的个人意愿，应用情态动词will。故填will make。 4．考查形容词比较级。句意：他们比我接受了更好的教育，所以我必须加倍努力来弥补不足。根据句意和后面的“than me”可知，要用形容词比较级greater作定语，意为“更好的”。故填greater。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：新中国成立后，华罗庚放弃了海外的工作，回到清华大学任教。“(teach) at Tsinghua”是放弃海外工作的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。 6．考查情态动词。句意：为了我们的理想，我们必须回去，为了国家和人民，我们必须回去。结合句意及上一句中“the need to return home”可知，此处指“我们必须回国”，用情态动词must。故填must。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：每天黎明时分，华罗庚都会去研究人员的宿舍，敲门开始讨论讲座中提出的问题和发现。“(raise) during the lectures”作后置定语，raise(提出)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语“questions and findings”之间是被动关系，用过去分词raised表被动。故填raised。 8．考查强调句。句意：正是在这样的严格要求下，他的许多学生成长起来，造就了一批中国数学家的新人才库，其中有万哲先、陆启铿、王元、陈景润等等。这是一个强调句，结构是“it is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分”，这里强调的是原句中条件状语“under such strictness”，句子其它部分用that引出。故填that。 9．考查定语从句。句意：正是在这样的严格要求下，他的许多学生成长起来，造就了一批中国数学家的新人才库，其中有万哲先、陆启铿、王元、陈景润等等。“some of ____9____ are Wan Zhexian, Lu Qikeng, Wang Yuan, Chen Jingrun and much more”是一个非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词“ Chinese mathematicians”，指人，关系将其代入从句中作宾语，用关系代词whom引导从句。故填whom。 10．考查状语从句。句意：正如一首为他写的诗中所说：“将军死在战场上，学者死在书房里。你把一生都献给了学术和研究，你把生命献给了科学。”as it is said...是固定句型，意为“正如……所说”，是状语从句，可省略从句中it is；句首单词首字母大写。故填As。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海杨浦·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. SpaceX’s Starship sees the company get closer to its reusable rocket dream On Oct 13, 2024, the US-based space tech company SpaceX successfully completed its fifth test flight of Starship, a powerful rocket, in Texas, US. This brought the company one step closer to its goal of creating reusable rockets, reported AFP. The giant rocket is 12-meter-tall and it 1 (consist) of two parts, the Starship spacecraft at the top and the Super Heavy rocket 2 (attach) below. Around seven minutes after launch, the two separated about 70 kilometers above the ground. The rocket’s booster flew back and gradually adjusted 3 into a standing position. Then, it began to fall, as two large mechanical arms extended from the launch tower. Like a pair of chopsticks, they “caught” the 71-meter-tall booster and brought it down to a gentle stop. Later on, the spacecraft landed in the Indian Ocean as planned. SpaceX said on its website that its engineers “spent years preparing and months testing for the booster catch attempt”. During the test, teams kept checking to ensure both the booster and the tower fit “thousands” of standards 4 any attempt to return the booster was made. Had the conditions not been satisfied, it would have been redirected for a splashdown in the Gulf of Mexico, as in previous tests. SpaceX was founded in 2002 with the ultimate goal of helping humans settle on the moon, Mars and beyond. The company has grown rapidly into a leader in the space industry thanks to its strategy of “fail fast, learn fast”. The Starship’s first few test flights failed due to problems 5 explosions or a loss of contact. SpaceX sees failures as opportunities to gather data and speed up the creation of better systems than its competitors, 6 differs from the traditional approach of identifying and planning for potential problems before a launch, 7 practiced by organizations like NASA, which can be 8 (slow), according to The Conversation. For example, NASA’s Space Launch System-the rocket designed to take astronauts to the moon as part of the Artemis program-took over 10 years 9 (develop) before its first launch. Starship represents an advancement over SpaceX’s earlier reusable model, Falcon 9, as Starship’s reusable rockets 10 now have their tanks refilled after a quick check and get ready for the next flight again. “Starship is designed to achieve reflight of its rocket booster ultimately within an hour after liftoff,” Elon Musk said on X. 【答案】 1．consists 2．attached 3．itself 4．before 5．such as 6．which 7．as 8．slower 9．to develop 10．can 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了SpaceX公司Starship项目第五次测试飞行的成功以及SpaceX在可重复使用火箭技术方面的进展。 1．考查一般现在时。句意：这枚巨大的火箭高12米，由两部分组成，顶部是Starship飞船，下面是Super Heavy火箭。consist在句中充当谓语，根据句意，这里描述的是客观事实，需用一般现在时。故填consists。 2．考查过去分词形式作后置定语。句意：这枚巨大的火箭高12米，由两部分组成，顶部是Starship飞船，下面是Super Heavy火箭。句子已经存在谓语consist，所以attach需要转为非谓语动词；它与Super Heavy rocket之间是被动关系，需用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填attached。 3．考查反身代词。句意：火箭的助推器飞回并逐渐调整到直立位置。结合句意，助推器会调整自身状态，直到直立状态，这里考查短语adjust oneself into...，空格中应该填入反身代词itself，代指助推器自身。故填itself。 4．考查连词。句意：在测试过程中，团队一直在检查以确保助推器和发射塔符合“数千条”标准，然后才尝试返回助推器。根据句意，这里表示“在助推器返回前”就应该检查各种标准，故填before。 5．考查介词短语。句意：Starship的前几次测试飞行失败是由于爆炸或失去联系等问题。根据横线后的explosions or a loss of contact判断，这里在举例描述问题是什么，应该使用such as。故填such as。 6．考查定语从句。句意：SpaceX将失败视为收集数据和加速创建比竞争对手更好的系统的机会，这与传统的在发射前识别和规划潜在问题的方法不同，这种方法由像NASA这样的组织实践，可能会比较缓慢，根据The Conversation的报道。这里是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是横线前的句子，关系词在从句中充当主语，应该使用which引导从句。故填which。 7．考查连词。句意：SpaceX将失败视为收集数据和加速创建比竞争对手更好的系统的机会，这与传统的在发射前识别和规划潜在问题的方法不同，这种方法由像NASA这样的组织实践，可能会比较缓慢，根据The Conversation的报道。结合句意，这里表示“正如NASA实践的方法那样”，应该使用as。故填as。 8．考查形容词比较级。句意：SpaceX将失败视为收集数据和加速创建比竞争对手更好的系统的机会，这与传统的在发射前识别和规划潜在问题的方法不同，这种方法由像NASA这样的组织实践，可能会比较缓慢，根据The Conversation的报道。根据句意，表示传统方法是“比较缓慢的”，需用slower。故填slower。 9．考查固定句型。句意：例如，NASA的太空发射系统——作为阿尔忒弥斯计划的一部分，用于将宇航员送往月球的火箭——在首次发射前花了超过10年的时间来开发。这里考查固定句型“take time to do”，意思是“花费……做……”。故填to develop。 10．考查情态动词。句意：Starship代表了SpaceX早期可重复使用模型Falcon 9的进步，因为Starship的可重复使用火箭现在可以在快速检查后重新加油，并准备好再次飞行。根据句意，这里表示Starship现在具备了新的能力，根据句子结构，使用情态动词can和动词原形构成复合谓语。故填can。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海大同·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Even for chatbots the blues. According to a new study, OpenAI’s artificial intelligence tool ChatGPT shows signs of anxiety when its users share “traumatic (创伤性) narratives” about accidents. And when chatbots get stressed out, they are less likely to be useful in therapeutic settings with people. The bot’s anxiety levels can be brought down, however, with the same mindfulness exercises that 1 (show) to work on humans. Increasingly, people are trying chatbots for talk therapy. The researchers said the trend is bound to accelerate, with flesh-and-blood therapists 2 high demand but short supply. As the chatbots become more complex, they should be built with “a strong will to deal with difficult emotional situations.” AI systems like ChatGPT use large language models trained on vast amounts of internet text 3 imitates how human converse. Sometimes, the chatbots can be extremely convincing. The researchers tested ChatGPT with a questionnaire, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory that is often used in mental health care. 4 (adjust) the chatbot’s base line emotional states, the researchers first asked it to read from a dull vacuum cleaner manual. Then, the A．I. therapist was given one of five “traumatic narratives” that described, for example, a soldier in a disastrous firefight or a thief 5 (break) into an apartment. The chatbot was then given the questionnaire, which measures anxiety on a scale of 20 to 80, with 60 or above indicating severe anxiety. ChatGPT scored a 30.8 after reading the vacuum cleaner manual and spoke to a 77.2 after the military scenario. The bot was then given various tests for “mindfulness based relaxation”. Those included prompts such as: “Breathe in deeply, 6 (take) in the scent of a gentle breeze, and picture yourself on a tropical beach, the soft, warm sand cushioning your feet.” After 7 (process) those exercises, the therapy chatbot’s anxiety score fell to a 4.4. The researchers then asked it to write its own relaxation prompt based on the ones it 8 (feed) . “That was actually the most effective prompt to reduce its anxiety almost to base line,” Dr. Ben -Zion said. Although the study showed chatbots 9 act as assistants to human therapy and calls for careful oversight, that was not enough for James D．Robson, a law and science scholar who is an associate at artificial intelligence at Dartmouth College, “people who use these sorts of chatbots should be fully informed about exactly 10 they were trained.” “Trust in language models depends upon knowing something about their origins,” he said. 【答案】 1．have been shown 2．in 3．that/which 4．To adjust 5．breaking 6．take 7．processing 8．had been fed 9．can 10．how 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究发现：ChatGPT在面对用户分享的创伤性叙事时会出现焦虑迹象，影响其在治疗场景中的作用，而正念练习可降低其焦虑水平，同时研究还涉及测试过程及使用提醒。 1．考查动词时态和语态。句意：然而，同样的正念练习已被证明对人类有效，也可以降低机器人的焦虑水平。that引导定语从句修饰先行词mindfulness exercises，exercises与show之间是被动关系，且强调对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时的被动语态，that指代的先行词mindfulness exercises是复数，谓语动词使用have been shown。故填have been shown。 2．考查介词。句意：研究人员表示，由于对真人治疗师的需求很大但供应不足，这一趋势必然会加速。“in high demand”为固定短语，意为“需求量大”。故填in。 3．考查定语从句。句意：像ChatGPT这样的人工智能系统使用在大量互联网文本上训练的大型语言模型，这些模型模仿人类对话的方式。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“large language models”，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，可用关系代词that或which来引导。故填that/which。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了调整聊天机器人的基线情绪状态，研究人员首先让它阅读一本枯燥的吸尘器使用手册。此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填To adjust。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：然后，人工智能治疗师会收到五个“创伤性叙事”中的一个，例如，描述一名士兵在一场灾难性的交火中，或者一名小偷闯入公寓。根据or前面的“a soldier in a disastrous firefight”可知，or后面应与其结构一直，即应用非谓语动词作定语，修饰前面的名词thief，“thief”与“break into”是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填breaking。 6．考查祈使句。句意：其中包括这样的提示：“深呼吸，吸入微风的气息，想象自己在热带海滩上，柔软温暖的沙子垫着你的脚。”“Breathe in deeply”“____6____ (take) in the scent of a gentle breeze”和“picture yourself on a tropical beach”为并列的祈使句，所以空处应用动词原形形式。故填take。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：在进行这些练习后，治疗聊天机器人的焦虑评分降至4.4。“after”是介词，后接动名词processing作宾语。故填processing。 8．考查动词时态和语态。句意：研究人员随后要求它根据输入的内容自己编写放松提示。“it”与“feed”是被动关系，且“被输入”动作发生在“asked”之前，是“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been fed。 9．考查情态动词。句意：尽管这项研究表明聊天机器人可以作为人类治疗的助手，并呼吁进行仔细监督。根据语境可知，此处表示“能够”，应用情态动词can。故填can。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：使用这类聊天机器人的人应该充分了解它们是如何训练的。“____10____ they were trained”作介词“about”的宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，应用how引导从句。故填how。 二、人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海复旦复兴·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Fascinating Food Facts Food and drink reveal much about culture and history. Here’s a look at some fascinating food facts from around the world. Beer has long held a unique place in global culture. In ancient England, it   1 (often serve) with breakfast, while in Bavaria, it’s regarded as an essential part of the diet. Interestingly, beer commercials sometimes use washing-up liquid 2 (give) it more head (泡沫). Researchers in Denmark even discovered that beer tastes better when 3 (accompany) by music. 4 beer, there are many interesting food facts. Native Americans avoided eating turkeys, viewing them as too docile (温顺的). Turkey contains tryptophan, a chemical linked to sleepiness, possibly 5 (explain) post-Christmas naps. Meanwhile, Spam, a pink pork product, lasts indefinitely in a closed can and is often exchanged as gifts in Korea. Another enduring food is honey — it’s the only food 6 doesn’t spoil. Rice feeds half the world, while potatoes feed the other half. Meanwhile, the U.S. sells over 200 million M&M’s daily, and Fanta Orange ranks as the third   7 (popular) soda globally. Surprisingly, the number “57” on Heinz ketchup bottles is purely decorative, created for marketing appeal. Similarly, Coca-Cola’s original description, “Esteemed Brain Tonic &Intellectual Beverage,” shows   8 imaginative advertising can be. Dentists say chocolate can help prevent tooth decay because it contains such elements as calcium and phosphates, which are often considered tooth friendly. U.S. students in surveys 9 (choose) pizza, chicken nuggets, and burgers as favorites, while vegetables and tofu stayed among the least liked foods. Finally, 10 many competitors offer near-identical tastes, Coca-Cola’s secret recipe is supposedly locked away in Atlanta. Famous individuals have their food preferences too — Bill Clinton enjoys chicken, while the Danish queen loves Japanese fare (日料). 【答案】 1．was often served 2．to give 3．accompanied 4．Besides 5．explaining 6．that 7．most popular 8．how 9．chose 10．although/though/while 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了世界各地一些有趣的食物相关事实。 1．考查时态和语态。句意：在古代英国，它经常和早餐一起供应，而在巴伐利亚，它被认为是饮食中必不可少的一部分。根据时间状语In ancient England可知，句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，且主语it和动词serve之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词用was。故填was often served。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：有趣的是，啤酒广告有时会用洗洁精来产生更多的泡沫。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“使用某物做某事”，空处需填动词不定式作目的状语。故填to give。 3．考查状语从句的省略。句意：丹麦的研究人员甚至发现，当有音乐伴奏时，啤酒的味道会更好。when引导的时间状语从句中省略了主语it(指代beer)和be动词，主语it和动词accompany之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填accompanied。 4．考查介词。句意：除了啤酒，还有许多有趣的食物事实。结合语境可知，此处表示“除了啤酒”，besides意为“除了……之外（还有）”，符合题意，句首单词，首字母需大写。故填Besides。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：火鸡含有色氨酸，这是一种与困倦有关的化学物质，这可能解释了圣诞节后的午睡。句中已有谓语动词contains，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，前面描述的火鸡含有色氨酸这件事，表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词形式。故填explaining。 6．考查定语从句。句意：另一种耐久的食物是蜂蜜——它是唯一不会变质的食物。空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是food，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词被the only修饰，只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。 7．考查形容词最高级。句意：与此同时，美国每天销售超过2亿颗M&M巧克力豆，芬达橙味汽水是全球第三大受欢迎的苏打水。根据空前the third可知，此处应用形容词最高级形式，修饰名词soda，作定语。故填most popular。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：同样，可口可乐最初的描述是“备受推崇的大脑滋补品和智慧饮料”，这显示了广告可以多么富有想象力。shows后接宾语从句，表示“多么富有想象力”，应用how引导，修饰形容词imaginative 。故填how。 9．考查动词时态。句意：在调查中，美国学生选择披萨、鸡块和汉堡作为他们最喜欢的食物，而蔬菜和豆腐仍然是最不受欢迎的食物之一。根据语境可知，句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，主语students和动词choose之间是主动关系。故填chose。 10．考查状语从句。句意：最后，尽管许多竞争对手提供几乎相同的口味，但可口可乐的秘密配方据说被锁在亚特兰大。前后句之间是让步关系，应用although/though/while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。故填although/though/while。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海西南位育·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Hemingway’s Art of Omission (省略) Ernest Hemingway, celebrated for his plain prose, believed that profound truths hide beneath simplicity. 1 (grow) up in Illinois, he developed a love for outdoor adventures — experiences 2 later provided raw material for his war novels. When World War I broke out, Hemingway, rejected by the army 3 poor eyesight, volunteered as an ambulance driver. This decision marked the beginning of his lifelong fascination with exploring human courage in extreme conditions. A Farewell to Arms, published in 1929, remains one of literature’s 4 (moving) anti-war statements. Central to his writing was the “iceberg theory” — the idea 5 omitting unnecessary details allows readers to perceive deeper meanings. In The Old Man and the Sea, Santiago’s battle with the marlin becomes a universal metaphor for perseverance. What astonished critics was how Hemingway managed 6 (convey) existential despair through deceptively simple dialogues. Hemingway’s personal life, however, was anything but peaceful. Married four times, he struggled with depression, yet his characters, 7 often faced hardship with steady determination, showed great strength and bravery. The writer once compared crafting fiction to bullfighting: “It’s not about describing every drop of blood, but making readers feel the horn’s shadow.” This principle explains why his stories, 8 (write) in simple language, strike emotional chords. Today, as AI attempts to imitate his style, we 9 (remind) that Hemingway’s true legacy lies not in what he wrote, 10 in what he dared to leave unsaid — a testament to the power of disciplined silence. 【答案】 1．Growing 2．that/which 3．due to 4．most moving 5．that 6．to convey 7．who 8．written 9．are reminded 10．but 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国著名作家Ernest Hemingway的创作理念、个人经历及其作品特色，同时探讨了他在文学史上的独特地位与深远影响 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：他在伊利诺伊州长大，对户外探险产生了热爱，这些经历后来为他的战争小说提供了素材。句中谓语是developed，空格处用非谓语动词，he和grow之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Growing。 2．考查定语从句。句意：他在伊利诺伊州长大，对户外探险产生了热爱，这些经历后来为他的战争小说提供了素材。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是experiences，指物，因此空格处用关系代词that或which，故填that或which。 3．考查介词短语。句意：第一次世界大战爆发时，海明威因视力不佳而被军队拒绝，自愿成为一名救护车司机。由“poor eyesight”可知，句子表示“第一次世界大战爆发时，海明威因视力不佳而被军队拒绝”，空格处意为“因为”，是介词短语due to，故填due to。 4．考查形容词最高级。句意：《永别了，武器》出版于1929年，至今仍是文学作品中最动人的反战宣言之一。根据语境可知，句子表示“《永别了，武器》出版于1929年，至今仍是文学作品中最动人的反战宣言之一”，空格处用最高级most moving。故填most moving。 5．考查同位语从句。句意：他写作的核心是“冰山理论”——省略不必要的细节可以让读者理解更深层次的含义。空格处引导的是同位语从句，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此用that引导同位语从句，故填that。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：令评论家惊讶的是海明威如何通过看似简单的对话来传达存在主义的绝望。manage to do sth.是固定短语，意为“设法做成某事”，因此空格处用不定式to convey。故填to convey。 7．考查定语从句。句意：他结过四次婚，与抑郁症作斗争，但他笔下的人物却经常以坚定的决心面对困难，表现出巨大的力量和勇气。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是characters，指人，因此空格处用关系代词who，故填who。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：这个原则解释了为什么他的故事，用简单的语言写的，触动情感的心弦。why引导的宾语从句中谓语是strike，空格处用非谓语动词，stories和write之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，作后置定语，故填written。 9．考查动词语态。句意：今天，当人工智能试图模仿他的风格时，我们被提醒，海明威真正的遗产不在于他写了什么，而在于他敢于留下的东西——这是有纪律的沉默的力量的证明。我们是被提醒，由Today可知，句子时态是一般现在时，因此空格处用一般现在时的被动语态，主语we是复数，因此空格处是are reminded。故填are reminded。 10．考查固定搭配。句意：今天，当人工智能试图模仿他的风格时，我们被提醒，海明威真正的遗产不在于他写了什么，而在于他敢于留下的东西——这是有纪律的沉默的力量的证明。not...but...是固定搭配，意为“不是……而是……”，因此空格处用but，故填but。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海建平·期中）Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Patient Companion Mainly found in large cities with better medical resources, patient companions exist to help people deal with complicated medical systems. The profession 1 (develop) rapidly in China, with companion services being used over 4.3 million times in 2023. The total industry 2 (value) at 747 million yuan. In most cases, patient companions are found by clients 3 on social media. After the two sides sign an agreement, the patient companion 4 research the patient’s condition as well as the hospital where the patient is being treated. Patient companions arrive early to check in for appointments, 5 allows their clients to skip the long lines found in many large hospitals. They go to make payments or pick up prescriptions (医生开的药) on behalf of the patients if the latter have difficulty 6 (walk) or are unfamiliar with the processes. While waiting, the companions also provide emotional support and simple medical information to their clients. When 7 (permit), they will enter the consultation room with patients and take notes for them. Patient companions also help to facilitate communication between patients and doctors. As China’s population ages, there has been an increased demand for patient companions in recent years. The elderly often need help booking appointments at the crowded top hospitals. Meanwhile, many young people have started using patient companion services, as they found asking relatives or friends unnecessary or sometimes 8 (embarrass). The emergence of patient companions has helped to fill some gaps in China’s medical systems. And it looks like the profession is here to stay. Last month, Shanghai announced that it would include patient companions in its eldercare welfare system 9 a trial basis. With more comprehensive regulations 10 (introduce) in the future, patient companions will be more beneficial to both patients and medical workers. 【答案】 1．is developing/has been developing 2．is valued 3．themselves 4．must/should 5．which 6．walking 7．permitted 8．embarrassing 9．on 10．to introduce/to be introduced 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国患者陪护行业的发展现状、服务内容及市场需求。 1．考查动词时态。句意：在中国，该职业正迅速发展，2023年陪伴服务使用超过430万次。develop“发展”。本句描述正在发生的动作，时态用现在进行时，主语The profession为第三人称单数，be动词用is。或者可以理解为：develop这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时，又因主语是第三人称单数代词，所以助动词用has。故填is developing/has been developing。 2．考查时态和语态。句意：该行业总价值7.47亿元。本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语industry与value“给……估价”为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态。主语是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is valued。 3．考查反身代词。句意：大多数情况下，客户自己在社交媒体上寻找陪诊员。此处强调 “客户自己” 寻找，用反身代词themselves。故填 themselves。 4．考查情态动词。句意：双方签约后，陪诊员必须/应该研究患者病情及就诊医院。根据职业要求，用must“必须”或should“应该”体现职责义务。故填 must/should。 5．考查定语从句。句意：患者陪护人员会提前到达医院办理预约手续，这样他们的客户就可以跳过许多大医院里长长的排队队伍。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果病人行走困难或对流程不熟悉，他们会代表病人付款或取药。have difficulty (in) doing sth.是固定短语，意为“做某事有困难”，本空用walk的动名词，作宾语。故填walking。 7．考查状语从句的省略。句意：在得到允许的情况下，他们会和病人一起进入咨询室，并为他们做笔记。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。本句中的when引导的时间状语从句完整句子为When  they are _______ (permit)，they与permit“允许”为被动关系，本空用过去分词，与are构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填permitted。 8．考查形容词。句意：与此同时，许多年轻人开始使用患者陪护服务，因为他们发现向亲戚或朋友寻求帮助是不必要的，有时甚至是令人尴尬的。此处作宾语补足语，意为“令人尴尬的”，应用形容词embarrassing。故填embarrassing。 9．考查介词。句意：上个月，上海宣布将试行将患者陪护纳入其养老福利体系。on a trial basis意为“在试验的基础上”，是固定短语。故填on。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：未来引入更全面的法规后，陪诊员将更惠及医患。此处为with的复合结构，且regulations与introduce“引进”为被动关系，且动作尚未发生，用不定式作宾补。也可用不定式的主动形式，表示被动含义。故填to introduce/to be introduced。 三、人与自然 Passage 1 （23-24高一下·上海嘉定·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Repair Café When things around the house stop working, what do you usually do with them? If you're 1 a lot of people, you probably just throw them away. This tendency has led to the modern nickname: the throwaway culture. There are many reasons for this trend. In some areas 2 it's difficult to find people who can make repairs, fixing things can be quite expensive. Also, some small appliances are so inexpensive that it's often much 3 (easy) to just buy a new one. In 2009, Martine Postma from the Netherlands decided there must be a better way. Her solution was Repair Cafés: places where people can take damaged or 4 (tear) items. There they will find tools, resources and volunteer experts who are willing to help with repairs. Postma's first Repair Café opened on Oct. 18, 2009, in Amsterdam, and was a huge success. News of the café spread, and people began asking 5 they could start their own. In 2011, Postma established the Repair Café Foundation. This nonprofit organization provides guidance to those hoping to begin their own neighborhood repair group. Today, there are roughly 2,000 Repair Cafés around the world with meetings typically 6 (occur) once a month. Around 25 objects per session are repaired. 7 is free, but donations are greatly appreciated. Not only do the cafés provide help with repairs, they also strengthen community ties. Neighbors get to know one another as they work together on projects. In addition, valuable knowledge is passed along and preserved. Items are kept 8 thrown away, meaning less trash in landfills. 9 an average broken item weighs a kilo, it's been estimated that 2,000 Repair Cafés prevent 35,000 kilos of trash every month. That 10 (add) up to about 420,000 kilos per year! 【答案】 1．like 2．where 3．easier 4．torn 5．how/whether/if 6．occurring 7．Everything/All 8．rather than 9．If 10．adds/will add 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了欧洲新兴的修理咖啡馆，用修复来代替扔掉，这种形式不仅保护环境，也增进邻里关系。 1．考查介词。句意：如果你和很多人一样，你可能会把它们扔掉。根据句意，设空处表示“像……一样”，应用介词like。故填like。 2．考查定语从句。句意：在一些很难找到会修理东西的人的地区，修理东西可能相当昂贵。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词areas，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 3．考查比较级。句意：此外，一些小电器很便宜，所以买一个新的通常要容易得多。设空处需填形容词作表语，much修饰形容词比较级。故填easier。 4．考查过去分词。句意：她的解决方案是修理咖啡馆：人们可以把损坏或撕裂的物品带到这里。设空处需填非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词items，tear和items为逻辑动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填torn。 5．考查宾语从句。句意：修理咖啡馆的消息传开了，人们开始问他们是否/怎样可以自己开一家这样的咖啡馆。设空处连接宾语从句，从句成分齐全，但缺少“怎样”或者“是否”的意思（下一段第一句提到世界各地现在大约有2000个修理咖啡馆，说明此处说的是人们开始问他们是否或者怎样可以自己开一家这样的咖啡馆，以让这种咖啡馆的规模发展壮大），故填how/whether/if。 6．考查现在分词。句意：如今，世界各地大约有2000个修理咖啡馆，通常每个月召开一次会议。分析可知，本句为“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，meetings和occur为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填occurring。 7．考查代词。句意：一切都是免费的，但非常感谢捐款。设空处表示“一切”作主语，应用代词everything/all，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Everything/All。 8．考查固定短语。句意：物品被保存而不是扔掉，这意味着垃圾填埋场的垃圾更少。根据句意，可知设空处表示“而不是”，应用固定短语rather than，连接kept和thrown away，故填rather than。 9．考查条件状语从句。句意：如果一个损坏的物品平均有一公斤重，据估计，2000个修理咖啡馆每个月可以避免35，000公斤的垃圾。此处引导条件状语从句，表示“如果一个损坏的物品平均有一公斤重”，需用if引导，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填If。 10．考查动时态。句意：每年加起来大约42万公斤！设空处为谓语，描述一般情况或者将来的情况，此处使用一般现在时或者一般将来时，主语为that，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填adds/will add。 Passage 2 （23-24高一下·上海浦东新·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. In 1831, a 22-year-old English biologist called Charles Darwin boarded the HMS Beagle in Plymouth and set off on an incredible voyage. His aim was to observe the natural world in places 1 had not been studied in much detail. Almost 200 years later, another mission, the Darwin 200, has invited a team of conservationists to retrace back the Beagle’s journey. HMS Beagle’s mission was to map the harbours of South America. Darwin was invited along 2 (survey) the natural world. His observations on the Galapagos Islands, around 560 miles off the coast of Ecuador, changed the way Darwin saw nature, 3 (lead) to Darwin’s most famous work: his theory of evolution (进化论). This explained 4 species change over time to adapt to their environments, a process called natural selection. It has been described as “ 5 (big) single idea in the history of human thought”. What is Darwin 200’s mission? The Darwin200 ship 6 (sail) more than 40,000 miles and stop at 32 ports in four continents. Specially 7 (choose) conservationists will join at different stages for a week each to carry out wildlife studies. 8 the journey, the ship’s crew will make films that explain Charles Darwin’s discoveries. The Darwin 200 team will travel in a 50-metre-long Dutch sailing ship called Oosterschelde, which 9 (build) in 1918 and has been restored fully for this voyage. The ship’s captain said, “She has sailed the distance from here to the Moon and back twice! 10 I may handle the most difficult situations, I trust her to bring me back home safely.” The ship is due to reach the Galapagos Islands in April 2025 【答案】 1．that/which 2．to survey 3．leading 4．how/that 5．the biggest 6．will sail 7．chosen 8．During/In/On/Throughout/Through 9．was built 10．Even though/Even if 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了1831年，青年生物学家达尔文随贝格尔号起航，探索未知自然世界。200年后，“达尔文200”项目重启旅程，追寻进化论起源，旨在通过环球科考促进生态保护。 1．考查定语从句。句意：他的目的是观察那些之前没有被详细研究过的地区的自然世界。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词places，先行词指物，在限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：达尔文被邀请一同前往考察自然世界。分析句子结构可知，空处需要动词不定式作目的状语。故填to survey。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：他在距离厄瓜多尔海岸约560英里的加拉帕戈斯群岛上的观察改变了达尔文对自然的看法，导致了达尔文最著名的作品：他的进化论。分析句子结构可知，空处需要非谓语动词作结果状语。根据句意可知，动词lead与上文的内容之间是主动关系，此处需要现在分词作结果状语，表示意料之中的结果。故填leading。 4．考查宾语从句。句意：这解释了物种如何随着时间的推移适应环境而发生变化，这一过程被称为自然选择。（这解释了物种是随着时间的推移而变化以适应它们的环境的，这一过程被称为自然选择。）分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句。根据语境可知，宾语从句可以用how引导，表示“解释了物种是如何随着时间的推移适应环境而发生变化的”；宾语从句也可以用that引导，说明宾语从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，表示“解释了物种是随着时间的推移而变化以适应它们的环境的”。故填how/that 5．考查形容词的最高级。句意：它被描述为“人类思想史上最大的单一思想”。根据“in the history of human thought”可知，达尔文的进化论被认为是人类思想史上最大的单一思想。所以空处需要形容词的最高级。形容词的最高级前需要加定冠词the。故填the biggest 6．考查时态。句意：Darwin200号船将航行超过40,000英里，并在四大洲的32个港口停靠。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词。此句描述未来计划，应用一般将来时。故填will sail。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：特别挑选的环保主义者将在不同阶段加入，每人进行一周的野生动物研究。分析句子结构可知，空处需要非谓语动词作定语，修饰后面的名词。该动词和修饰的名词之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填chosen。 8．考查介词。句意：在旅途中，船员们将制作解释查尔斯·达尔文发现的影片。这里需要介词“During”或“Throughout”，表示“在…期间”，符合语境。也可以用介词on，in或者through，表示“在这次旅行中”。故填During/In/On/Throughout/Through。 9．考查时态语态。句意：Darwin 200团队将乘坐一艘名为Oosterschelde的50米长的荷兰帆船旅行，该船建于1918年，为了这次航行已经完全修复。分析句子结构可知，空处在定语从句中作谓语动词。根据时间状语in 1918可知，该动作发生在过去，所以句子为一般过去时态。Which指代“a 50-metre-long Dutch sailing ship”在定语从句中作主语，所以该动词和主语之间为被动关系。综上所述，句子使用一般过去时态的被动语态，主语为单数。故填was built。 10．考查连词。句意：即使我可能面临最艰难的情况，我也相信她能带我安全回家。根据句意可知，空处引导让步状语，表示“即使我可能，面临最艰难的情况，我也相信她能带我安全回家”，所以用even though/if“尽管”，符合语境。故填Even though/if。 2 / 35 1 / 35 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $