选择性必修第三册 UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY（教师用书word）-【步步高】2025年高考英语大一轮复习讲义（北师大版）

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意 1．marathon n．马拉松赛跑 2．athletics n．田径运动 3．innovate vi.& vt.革新，创新，改革 4．vaccine n．疫苗 5．resilience n．恢复力，复原力，适应力 6．doping n．使用违禁药物(以提高体育比赛的成绩) 7．clone vt.克隆，使无性繁殖 n．克隆动物或植物，无性繁殖的个体 8．gene n．基因 9．artificially adv.人为地，虚假地 10．identical adj.完全相同的，非常相似的 11．mammal n．哺乳动物 12．camel n．骆驼 13．cattle n．牛 14．goat n．山羊 15．primate n．灵长目动物 16．ape n．猿 17．reproductive adj.繁殖的，生殖的 18．clue n．线索，提示 19．provoke vt.激起，引起 20．ethical adj.关于伦理的；合乎道德的 21．inferior adj.低级别的，下级的；差的，次的 22．curse n．祸因，祸根；诅咒，咒语 23．atom n．原子 24．organ n．器官 25．impulse n．(神经)冲动，(电)脉冲 26．crossword n．纵横字谜，纵横填字游戏 27．intake n．摄入量，摄取量 28．omega n．欧米伽(希腊字母表的最后一个字母，即Ω，ω) 29．epidemic n．传染病，流行病 30．virus n．病毒 31．variation n．变化物，变体；差异，变动 32．bacteria n．细菌 33．baseline n．(医学或科学中的)基线，准线 34．parallel n．(不同地点或不同时间的两事物之间的)联系，相似 adj.平行的 35．sample n．样本，样品 vt.品尝，尝试；对……做抽样调查 36．CE公元(用于日期后) 37．lung n．肺 38．trial n．试验；审判，审理 39．underline vt.强调，使突出；在……之下画线 40．symbolically adv.象征地，象征性地 41．mineral n．矿物质；矿产 42．database n．数据库，资料库 43．astronomer n．天文学家 Ⅱ.重点单词——记形 1．justify vt.证明……有道理，为……辩护 2．participant n．参加者，参与者 3．barrier n．障碍，壁垒 4．twin n．双胞胎中的一个 5．forever adv.永远；长久地 6．emotion n．强烈的情感，激情 7．crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的 8．bound adj.很有可能，肯定会 9．mere adj.仅仅，只不过；极小的，极不重要的 10．abuse vt.滥用，妄用；虐待n.滥用；虐待 11．contain vt.包含，容纳，装盛 12．locate vi.& vt.找出……的准确位置 13.zone n．地区，地带 14．factor n．因素，要素 15．officially adv.官方地，正式地 16．rare adj.稀有的，罕见的，不常发生的 17．widespread adj.分布广的，广泛流传的 18．estimate vt.估计，估算 19．visible adj.看得见的 20．symptom n．症状；征兆，症候 21．bury vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏 22．pose vt.造成，引起，产生(问题、危险、困难等) n．(为画像、拍照等而摆的)姿势，姿态 23．outbreak n．(战争或疾病)爆发，突然发生 24．actual adj.实际的，真实的 25．thorough adj.彻底的，全面的，详尽的 26．paragraph n．(文章的)段，段落 27．phenomenon n．现象 28．needle n．针 29．suspect n．(犯罪)嫌疑人，可疑分子 30．victim n．(袭击事件、抢劫事件或凶杀案的)受害者 Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变 1．biology n．生物学→biological adj.生物的；生物学的→biologist n．生物学家 2．capability n．(完成困难事情的)能力，才能→capable adj.有能力的 3．infer vt.推断，推定→inference n．推断，推定 4．calculate vt.计算，核算→calculation n．计算，核算→calculator n．计算器 5．physicist n．物理学家→physics n．物理学→physical adj.物理学的；身体的；物质的 6．betterment n．(个人社会和经济地位的)改良，改善，提高→better vt.改善，提高；超过；胜过 7．edit vi.& vt.编辑，编校；剪辑，剪接→edition n．版本，版次→editor n．编辑，主编 8．comparison n．比较→compare v．比较 9．wholly adv.完全地→whole adj.完全的 10．accurate adj.准确的，正确的→accurately adv.准确地→accuracy n．准确性，准确度 11．treatment n．诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式→treat n．乐事；款待 vt.治疗；对待 12．blessing n．福气，幸运→bless vt.祝福 13．nerve n．神经；焦虑，恐惧，紧张→nervous adj.紧张的 14．classify vt.将……分类；把……归入一类→classified adj.分类的；机密的→classification n．归类，分类，分级 15．opposed adj.与某事物相反；反对某事物→oppose vt.反对→opposite adj.对面的；相反的→opposition n．反对，反抗 16．depressing adj.令人沮丧的，让人忧愁的→depressed adj.沮丧的，忧愁的→depress vt.令人沮丧；使萧条→depression n．沮丧；(经济)萧条 17．steadily adv.稳定地→steady adj.稳定的；稳固的→unsteady adj.不稳定的 18．systematic adj.系统化的，有条理的→system n．系统，体系，制度 19．globe n．地球，世界；地球仪→global adj.全球的 20．corresponding adj.相应的；对应的→correspond vi.相一致；符合；类似于→correspondence n．一致；相似；相关；通信；信件 21．identify vt.确定，发现；认出，识别→identification n．确定，发现；鉴定；辨认 1．interpretation/InˌtɜːprI'teIʃən/n.表演，演绎；解释 2．moody/'muːdi/adj.喜怒无常的，情绪多变的 3．egotistical/ˌiːɡə'tIstIkəl/adj.自大的；自负的 4．chore/tʃɔː/n.家庭杂务；日常琐事 5．drone/drəʊn/n.无人遥控飞机 6．collision/kə'lIʒən/n.碰撞事故；冲突，抵触 7．outweigh/aʊt'weI/vt.比……更重要；比……更有价值 8．terrorist/'terərIst/n.恐怖分子 9．envision/In'vIʒən/vt.想象；展望 10．lightweight/'laIt-weIt/adj.比通常重量轻的 11．inhabitant/In'hæbItənt/n.居民 12．technician/tek'nIʃən/n.技师，技术人员 Ⅳ.背核心短语 1．junk food不利健康的食品，垃圾食品 2．lead to 导致 3．in comparison with与……比较起来 4．a great deal of大量 5．be bound to一定；势必会 6．be viewed as被看作是 7．come into contact with接触到，和……接触 8．be classified as被归类为 9．on record有记载的，记录在案的 10．up to多达；直到 11．get through 度过，熬过；设法处理，完成 12．in the course of在……期间，在……过程中 13．result in 导致 14．come up with 想出，想到 Ⅴ.悟经典句式 1．They were the first-ever primates (the order of mammals which include apes，monkeys，and humans) to have been cloned！(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do...) 它们是有史以来首次被克隆的灵长类动物(哺乳动物的一个类别，包括猿、猴子和人类)! 2．While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement，others raise moral concerns.(while 引导的让步状语从句) 尽管有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要，但也有人提出了道德方面的担忧。 3．Researchers insist that the science of cloning should be further explored and advanced.(insist后接that宾语从句用虚拟语气) 研究人员坚持认为，克隆科学应进一步得到探索与发展。 4．With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past，Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive future without epidemics.(with的复合结构) 随着最近的媒体报道将禽流感和过去的致命流行病相类比，吉姆·史密斯审视了有时令人沮丧的流行病历史，寻找关于我们如何创造一个更美好的没有流行病的未来的线索。 5．Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area’s population died from the epidemic，making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.(现在分词短语作结果状语) 科学家们现在估计，该地区多达50%的人口死于这种流行病，使其成为罗马帝国衰落的主要原因之一。 6．Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most severe epidemic in history.(sb/sth be believed to be/have been...某人/某物被认为是……) 在18个月内造成5 000万人死亡之后，西班牙流感被认为是历史上最严重的流行病。 默写练习(一) Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共11分) 1．marathon n．马拉松赛跑 2．gene n．基因 3．artificially adv.人为地，虚假地 4．identical adj.完全相同的，非常相似的 5．mammal n．哺乳动物 6．camel n．骆驼 7．reproductive adj.繁殖的，生殖的 8．clue n．线索，提示 9．provoke vt.激起，引起 10．ethical adj.关于伦理的；合乎道德的 11．inferior adj.低级别的，下级的；差的，次的 Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共20分) 1．justify vt.证明……有道理，为……辩护 2．participant n．参加者，参与者 3．barrier n．障碍，壁垒 4．twin n．双胞胎中的一个 5．forever adv.永远；长久地 6．emotion n．强烈的情感，激情 7．crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的 8．bound adj.很有可能，肯定会 9．mere adj.仅仅，只不过；极小的，极不重要的 10．abuse vt.滥用，妄用；虐待n.滥用；虐待 Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共10分) 1．biology n．生物学→biological adj.生物的；生物学的→biologist n．生物学家 2．betterment n．(个人社会和经济地位的)改良，改善，提高→better vt.改善，提高；超过；胜过 3．edit vi.& vt.编辑，编校；剪辑，剪接→edition n．版本，版次→editor n．编辑，主编 4．wholly adv.完全地→whole adj.完全的 5．blessing n．福气，幸运→bless vt.祝福 Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分) 1．egotistical adj.自大的；自负的 2．drone n．无人遥控飞机 3．collision n．碰撞事故；冲突，抵触 4．lightweight adj.比通常重量轻的 5．technician n．技师，技术人员 Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分) 1．junk food 不利健康的食品，垃圾食品 2．lead to导致 3．in comparison with与……比较起来 4．a great deal of大量 5．be bound to一定；势必会 Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共14分) 1．What impresses us is Mr Wang’s ongoing capability to chase his dreams.He is always capable of achieving his goals.(capable) 2．When you are asked to infer something from the text，you must make inferences according to the passage you read instead of your imagination！(infer) 3．You will need to calculate how much time the assignment will take and make a rough calculation.(calculate) 4．Don’t compare everything you have with others，for you will feel your life less satisfactory by comparison.(compare) 5．The injured man is being treated now by the most skilful doctors，so he is likely to come to life soon after the treatment.(treat) 6．Based on accurate data，I can accurately describe the project and in other words，my accuracy relies on relevant data.(accurate) 7．The physicist was interested in the subject—physics and various physical phenomena attracted his attention.(physical) Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分) 1．In the past，his bad learning habit led to his poor academic performance. 2．He is viewed as a responsible，kind-hearted and hard-working doctor. 3．The first time I came into contact with him，I considered him to be competent and diligent. 4．Consuming too much junk food is harmful to our physical health，and we should keep a balanced diet. 5．You have done so much work in advance that you are bound to pass the end-of-term examination. Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题5分，共15分) 1．怀特先生总是第一个来公司的人。(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do...) Mr White is always the first person to come to the company. 2．虽然他的妻子经常告诉他，他不必这么早去那里，但他就是不听她的话。(while引导的让步状语从句) While his wife often tells him he needn’t go there so early，he just won’t listen to her. 3．他坚持认为他应该努力工作争取晋升。(insist后接that宾语从句用虚拟语气) He insisted that he (should) work hard to get promoted. 默写练习(二) Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共11分) 1．organ n．器官 2．intake n．摄入量，摄取量 3．epidemic n．传染病，流行病 4．virus n．病毒 5．variation n．变化物，变体；差异，变动 6．bacteria n．细菌 7．sample n．样本，样品 vt.品尝，尝试；对……做抽样调查 8．lung n．肺 9．trial n．试验；审判，审理 10．underline vt.强调，使突出；在……之下画线 11．mineral n．矿物质；矿产 Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共14分) 1．contain vt.包含，容纳，装盛 2．factor n．因素，要素 3．rare adj.稀有的，罕见的，不常发生的 4．widespread adj.分布广的，广泛流传的 5．estimate vt.估计，估算 6．visible adj.看得见的 7．symptom n．症状；征兆，症候 8．bury vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏 9．pose vt.造成，引起，产生(问题、危险、困难等) n．(为画像、拍照等而摆的)姿势，姿态 10．actual adj.实际的，真实的 11．thorough adj.彻底的，全面的，详尽的 12．paragraph n．(文章的)段，段落 13．needle n．针 14．victim n．(袭击事件、抢劫事件或凶杀案的)受害者 Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题3分，共15分) 1．classify vt.将……分类；把……归入一类→classified adj.分类的；机密的→classification n．归类，分类，分级 2．steadily adv.稳定地→steady adj.稳定的；稳固的→unsteady adj.不稳定的 3．systematic adj.系统化的，有条理的→system n．系统，体系，制度 4．corresponding adj.相应的；对应的→correspond vi.相一致；符合；类似于→correspondence n．一致；相似；相关；通信；信件 5．identify vt.确定，发现；认出，识别→identification n．确定，发现；鉴定；辨认 Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分) 1．moody adj.喜怒无常的，情绪多变的 2．chore n．家庭杂务；日常琐事 3．outweigh vt.比……更重要；比……更有价值 4．envision vt.想象；展望 5．inhabitant n．居民 Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分) 1．be classified as被归类为 2．on record有记载的，记录在案的 3．up to多达；直到 4．in the course of在……期间，在……过程中 5．result in导致 Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题3分，共15分) 1．Hoping to calm our nerves，we decided to spend the afternoon at the lake.However，the idea of taking the same boat with the boss made me nervous.(nerve) 2．I didn’t expect to receive opposition from my wife，but this time she was opposed to my proposal somehow.(oppose) 3．Because of the economic depression，my father got much less salaries than before，and we were all depressed at the depressing news.(depress) 4．Global warming has caused great concern and we should take effective measures to protect the globe.(globe) 5．He made steady progress in his study after he worked day and night steadily for nearly a few months.(steady) Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分) 1．Getting through the first two chapters is what I will do today. 2．Keep in mind that we will be disqualified from driving for up to three years. 3．You can rely on him to come up with some good suggestions on how to solve your problem. 4．As you know，English as a language can be classified as British or American. 5．Last year the breakdown of his health resulted in his abandoning his plan to travel all over the globe. Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题5分，共15分) 1．自来水还流着，我父亲就离开了家。(with的复合结构) With the tap water running，my father left the house. 2．我从五岁起就一直学习英语，这让我很容易与英语母语者自由交流。(现在分词短语作结果状语) I have been learning English since five，making it easy for me to communicate with native English speakers freely. 3．杂交水稻之父袁隆平被认为是中国最伟大的科学家之一。(sb be believed to be...) Yuan Longping，father of hybrid rice，is believed to be one of the greatest scientists in China. In the current era，what people do hurts not only 1.themselves(they) but also animals，such as some camels，cattle，apes and goats.In 2.comparison(compare) with widespread traditional offline medical care，remote medical care is more crucial,3.which can break the barriers of time and space，and provide the best doctors and the accurate treatment for patients.But some illegal organizations,4.wholly(whole) ignoring the ethical principles，are buried in editing some false advertisements artificially and abusing network，providing some false clues for patients.It is bound 5.to lead(lead) to permanent hurt to patients，which will provoke angry emotions and must 6.be forbidden(forbid) forever. To make matters 7.worse(bad)，it is estimated that some rare animals are disappearing.There are many factors for their disappearance，and they can be roughly classified into two categories，partly because they have no capability to adapt to the environment,8.and partly because of human activities，which pose a threat to their habitats.It is 9.depressing(depress) that some people kill animals because they attribute the outbreak of some diseases to the viruses these animals carry.Fortunately，most people are opposed 10.to this practice and call for efforts to develop thorough and systematic measures to protect animals on the globe. 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 treatment n．治疗；处理；待遇(treat n．乐事；款待vt.对待；治疗；请客) •under treatment在治疗中 •treat...as...把……看作……；把……视为…… treat sb to sth用某物招待某人，以某物款待某人 treat sb with...以……方式对待某人 (1)Because I was under treatment(treat)，my mother was strongly opposed to my father treating me to junk food. (2)通过社区服务，我完全意识到，我们不仅要以尊重的方式对待无家可归的人，而且应该把他们看作平等的人。(2022·浙江6月，读后续写) Through the community service，I wholly realized that not only should we treat the homeless people with respect but we also should treat them as equal souls. bound adj.肯定会，很有可能；受束缚的，受约束的；有义务的vi.跳跃，跳跃着前进；形成界限 be bound to do...肯定会……；有责任或义务做…… be bound for...准备前往…… (1)(应用文写作之建议信)我相信，只有你全身心投入到比赛中，你才一定会成功。 I am convinced that only if you are devoted to the competition are you bound to succeed. (2)在一个寒冷的日子里，告别了父母，我登上了一艘开往大西洋的巨轮。 On a bitter cold day，after saying goodbye to my parents，I went aboard a massive ship (which was) bound for Atlantic Ocean. classify vt.分类，归类(classified adj.分类的；机密的 classification n．分类，类别) classify...into...把……分为…… classify sb/sth as sth把……划分为/界定为…… (1)Epidemics fall into different classifications(classify) according to the way they are spread. (2)(应用文写作之建议信) 有人建议，当我们背诵单词时，应该把它们分成不同的类别。例如，有些词可以归类为与体育有关的词。 It is suggested that words (should) be classified into different categories when we learn them by heart.For instance，some words can be classified as sports-related words. opposed adj.相反的；对立的(oppose vt.反对；抵制；阻挠opposite adj.对面的；相反的opposition n．反对) •be opposed to (doing) sth反对(做)某事 •oppose (doing) sth反对(做)某事 oppose sb/sb’s doing sth反对某人做某事 (1)I got a seat opposite(oppose) a middle-aged man with sharp eyes，who kept watching a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap.(2021·北京) (2)To be honest，most students oppose grouping(group) students randomly for the upcoming oral practice sessions.(2023·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作) →To be honest，most students are opposed to grouping students randomly for the upcoming oral practice sessions. (3)我强烈反对大卫放弃越野跑。他紧紧地闭上眼睛，思索着我的反对。 (2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) I strongly opposed David/David’s giving up the cross-country run.He closed his eyes tightly, pondering on my opposition. (4)(读后续写之悲伤心理描写)Because all of my friends were opposed to my plan，I couldn’t resist sobbing，hiding my face in my hands. →With all of my friends opposed to my plan，I couldn’t resist sobbing，hiding my face in my hands.(用with复合结构改写) →All of my friends opposed to my plan，I couldn’t resist sobbing，hiding my face in my hands.(用独立主格结构改写) bury vt.埋葬；埋藏；使陷入；覆盖；掩藏 bury...in...把……埋到……；使……沉浸于…… bury oneself in (doing)．..埋头于/专心于…… be buried in专心于 bury one’s face in one’s hands双手掩面 (1)(读后续写之动作链描写) 他一屁股坐地上，双手掩面，开始伤心地哭起来。 He flopped down on the ground，buried his face in his hands and began to weep sadly. (2)我每天专心读英文报Youth并获得了丰富多彩的知识。(2021·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作) ①I bury myself in/am buried in reading the English newspaper Youth every day and have gained lots of colorful knowledge. ②Burying myself in/Buried in reading the English newspaper Youth every day，I have gained lots of colorful knowledge.(用分词短语作状语改写) suspect vt.怀疑 n．(犯罪)嫌疑人，可疑分子(suspicion n．怀疑；疑心 suspicious adj.怀疑的；可疑的) •suspect sb of (doing) sth怀疑某人(做)某事 suspect sb to be/as...怀疑某人是…… •be suspicious of/about...对……怀疑 (1)(读后续写之悲伤心理描写) He suspected me of stealing(steal) the old woman’s gold ring and even my best friend was suspicious(suspect) about my personal qualities，so I buried my face in my hands，sobbing uncontrollably. (2)那个陌生人被怀疑是间谍，正在接受警方的审问。 Suspected to be/as a spy，the stranger is being questioned by the police. (3)我们认为那个受伤的参赛者可能跑不完马拉松，但实际上他凭着坚强的意志成功了。 We suspected that the injured participant may not finish the marathon，but actually he made it with strong willpower. 用法点拨　与suspect sb of sth 结构相同的短语还有：inform sb of sth通知某人某事；remind sb of sth提醒某人某事；rob sb of sth抢劫某人某物；accuse sb of sth控告某人某事；warn sb of sth警告某人某事。 the＋序数词＋n.＋to do...　They were the first-ever primates (the order of mammals which include apes，monkeys，and humans) to have been cloned！它们是有史以来首次被克隆的灵长类动物(哺乳动物的一个类别，包括猿、猴子和人类)! •本句中不定式短语to have been cloned作后置定语，修饰the first-ever primates。当中心词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，常用不定式(短语)作后置定语。 •英语中常用不定式(短语)作后置定语的情况： ①被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时；②被修饰词前有the only，the very，the next等词对其进行修饰时；③不定代词something，nothing，little等后；④抽象名词time，way，reason，chance，ability，courage，opportunity，wish等后。 (1)Though David was the last participant to cross(cross) the finishing line，he won all of our admiration and cheers. (2)(读后续写之主旨升华)事实上，我们在日常生活中都有值得感激的事情，但有时我们只是没有意识到。 As a matter of fact，we all have something to be grateful for in our daily life，but sometimes we just don’t realize it. (3)约翰是第一个想到做爆米花帮助伯纳德挣外快的人。他相信他有能力帮助伯纳德走出困境。(2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) John was the first person to think of making popcorn to help Bernard earn some extra money.He was convinced that he had the ability to help Bernard out of the difficulty. (4)(应用文写作之申请信)我能说一口流利的英语，而且我是班上唯一出国深造的学生。毫无疑问我是负责这项工作的最佳人选。 I can speak fluent English and I am the only student in my class to go abroad for further study.There is no doubt that I am the best person to be responsible for the job. 现在分词短语作结果状语　Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area’s population died from the epidemic，making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.科学家们现在估计，该地区多达50%的人口死于这种流行病，使其成为罗马帝国衰落的主要原因之一。 此句中的making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示意料、情理之中的结果；另外，动词不定式也可作结果状语，一般放在句子后面，且常表示出乎意料的结果，常与only，just等词连用。 (1)(应用文写作之自荐信) First of all，I speak fluent English.It permits me to communicate with visitors without difficulty. →First of all，I speak fluent English，permitting me to communicate with visitors without difficulty.(用现在分词短语作状语改写) (2)(读后续写之片段描写) 简气呼呼地走进森林，却发现自己认不清方向。更糟糕的是，天突然下起了大雨，使她更难找到离开这片陌生森林的路。 Jane stamped her feet into the forest angrily，only to find that she couldn’t identify direction.Worse still，it rained heavily suddenly，making it more difficult to find her way out of the unfamiliar forest. sb/sth be＋过去分词＋to do...　Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most severe epidemic in history.在18个月内造成 5 000万人死亡之后，西班牙流感被认为是历史上最严重的流行病。 句中的“sb/sth be＋过去分词＋to do...”可与“It is＋过去分词＋that...”这个句型相互转换，根据具体情况，不定式可用一般式、进行式或完成式。 (1)Thomas Edison was considered to have invented(invent) the bulb，which benefits people greatly. (2)His daughter is said to be studying(study) law at university and will graduate in 2025. →It is said that his daughter is studying law at university and will graduate in 2025.(用it作形式主语改写) (3)他被公认为是世界上最伟大的物理学家之一。 ①He is acknowledged as/to be one of the world’s greatest physicists. ②It is acknowledged that he is one of the world’s greatest physicists. 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇 Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．nerve (1)I was going to have a go at parachuting but lost my nerve at the last minute. B (2)With the encouragement and comfort，I finally nerved myself to bravely face the barrier. C (3)Once，when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆)，I fell onto the stones，damaging a nerve in my hand.(2021·全国甲) A 2．pose (1)Adults are portrayed(描绘) alone in many settings and poses.(2023·新课标Ⅱ) A (2)Pollution poses a threat to the existence of this species. C (3)When I finally posed the question，“Why？” he merely shrugged. D (4)How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now？(2020·天津) B 3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思 (1)Learning that he was appointed as head of the team，he couldn’t contain his excitement and danced into the house.克制，抑制(感情) (2)We cannot calculate on his help because he is not reliable.指望 (3)We sampled a selection of different bottled waters.品尝 (4)I got up early to catch the train that was bound for Shanghai.开往 (5)As you know，I bury myself in books at the school I am so familiar with.埋头于 (6)It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life.(2021·北京)找到 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1．The literary work A Dream in Red Mansions contains 120 chapters，including(include) 40 chapters written by Gao’E. 2．The government advocates classifying rubbish into four categories: recyclable waste，unrecyclable waste，harmful waste and other waste. 3．All of her runs have a guiding purpose：to call attention to global(globe) water issues. (2023·北京) 4．Buried(bury) in writing a science fiction novel，she didn’t realize it began to rain outside. 5．It struck me that I could treat the girl to an absorbing drama in return for her help. 6．Some students do realize they are blessed with the opportunity to study in the bright and spacious classrooms.However，others take it for granted. 7．I suspect the so-called poet of copying others’ poems but I have no solid evidence. 8．In spite of the icy cold weather，my mother is the first to get(get) up to prepare breakfast. 9．The scholar，who is said to have graduated(graduate) from Cambridge University，will give us a lecture about English poetry. 10．I think there is a good reason for her absence as she rarely(rare) stays away from work without approval. 随着科学技术的发展，克隆技术的发展已经引起了人们极大的关注。人们对这个问题的看法也各不相同。请写一篇文章介绍人们对克隆技术的不同观点，并表明自己的立场。 完成句子 1．众所周知，科学家们在克隆技术方面取得了巨大的进步，这引发了关于克隆是福还是祸的激烈争论。(It is known that...) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2．一些人支持克隆，说它可以带来医学进步，帮助世界各地濒危甚至灭绝物种的繁殖。(现在分词短语作状语) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3．但另一方面，许多人强烈反对。(be opposed to) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4．他们怀疑那些支持克隆的人在道德上是错误的，会给我们人类带来麻烦。(suspect that...) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 5．就我而言，我坚持认为，我们一方面应该促进其发展，另一方面应该加强对克隆技术的管理。(insist引导宾语从句) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 6．只有当我们在这个微妙的问题上表现出极大的谨慎，我们才能从克隆中受益匪浅。(“only＋状语从句”位于句首引起的部分倒装) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 组句成篇 把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文 It is known that scientists have made great progress in cloning technology，which has brought about a heated debate over whether cloning is a blessing or a curse. Some people support cloning，saying it can bring medical progress and help the reproduction of endangered and even extinct species around the world.But on the other hand，many people are strongly opposed to it.They suspect that those who support cloning are morally wrong and would bring trouble to us humans. As for me，I insist that on the one hand，we should promote its development，and on the other hand，we should strengthen the management of cloning technology.Only when we show great caution on this delicate issue can we benefit greatly from cloning. 教材语料整合 亮词 [情感描写]　emotion；ethical；inferior；blessing；nerve；opposed；depressing [动作描写]　justify；infer；calculate；innovate；abuse；locate；classify；estimate；bury；underline；identify；suspect 美句 1.Centuries later，the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918，also called the Spanish Flu，struck near the end of World War Ⅰ.(拟人) 2.SARS was examined by scientists，who were confused by this new disease and wanted to learn more about it and its causes.(情感描写) 3.It(The DNA detective) has been one of the key weapons for unsolved cases.(比喻) 拓展语料积累　动作细节描写：跑、走、冲 单词 skip蹦跳着走　run 跑　race赛跑　jog慢跑　fly飞奔　approach接近，靠近　drag 拖着(受伤的脚或腿)行走　dance跳跃，雀跃　jump 跳，跃　escape逃跑　flee逃走　rush迅速移动　dash猛冲，急奔　stride 大步走　stroll/wander 漫步，闲逛　dart 飞奔，猛冲　march 行军，快步走　tiptoe 蹑手蹑脚，轻手轻脚地走　stagger摇摇晃晃地走　stumble 跌跌撞撞地走　trot 小跑，快步，疾走 词块 steal/slide/creep into溜进　dash/rush for向……冲去　burst into冲进　head for/towards走向，前往　make a rush for冲向　charge out/into冲出/冲进　pace up and down踱来踱去　jump off跳下　hurry off匆匆离去 句型 No longer hesitating，he jumped off the truck and flew towards the building like an arrow.(动作描写) 他不再犹豫，跳下卡车，像箭一样飞向大楼。 The man dashed/rushed for the exit，and escaped in great panic.那人向出口冲去，慌慌张张地逃走了。 Racing/Dashing/Running home，he burst into the bedroom，picked up my purse and charged out.(现在分词短语作状语)(动作链描写)他飞奔着跑回家，冲进卧室，拿起我的钱包冲了出去。 He started pacing up and down the room with a frown on his face.他皱着眉头在房间里踱来踱去。 语料运用　主题：“我是谁” Tom Smith is a 17-year-old boy ①who is blessed with a big family where all family members are gifted in some musical instruments except him.②He once suspected that he may not belong to the family，or maybe he was just the adopted one.One day，he ③was pacing up and down the room with a frown on his face when suddenly an idea struck him.He should secretly make a DNA detection to justify his identity.So，that afternoon，④after jogging in the yard，he tiptoed to the bedroom，trying to find some hairs from his parents.After a careful search，he managed to find some，and ⑤escaped quickly with his heart pounding wildly.The moment ⑥he fled out of home，he rushed to the hospital without delay.He submitted the sample to the doctor and was asked to pick the result the next day.Feeling relieved and free，he stopped in the nearby park，⑦wandering leisurely，saying to himself，“The truth will soon come out.” The next day，having butterflies in his stomach，⑧he hurried to the hospital and got the gene identification certificate.“Thank goodness！I am indeed a real Smith.” 汤姆·史密斯是一个17岁的男孩，他有幸拥有一个大家庭，除了他之外，所有家庭成员都有一些乐器天赋。他曾经怀疑自己可能不属于这个家庭，觉得自己可能是被收养的。一天，他皱着眉头在房间里踱来踱去，这时突然想到了一个主意。他应该秘密进行一次DNA检测以证明自己的身份。于是，那天下午，在院子里慢跑后，他踮着脚尖来到卧室，试图找到一些他父母的头发。经过仔细搜索，他终于找到了一些并迅速逃离，他的心脏剧烈跳动。他一逃离家就立即赶往医院。他把样本交给了医生，并被要求次日取结果。他感到宽慰和自由，在附近的公园里停了下来，悠闲地闲逛，自言自语地说：“真相很快就会水落石出。”第二天，他忐忑不安，匆匆赶往医院，拿到了基因鉴定证书。“谢天谢地！我是一个真正的史密斯家族成员。” 高考题型组合练(1) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A(★) Chinese scientists recently have produced two monkeys with the same gene，Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua，using the same technique that gave us Dolly the sheep.These monkeys are not actually the first primates(灵长类)to be cloned.Another one named Tetra was produced in the late 1990s by embryo(胚胎)splitting，the division of an early-stage embryo into two or four separate cells to make clones.By contrast，they were each made by replacing an egg cell nucleus(原子核)with DNA from a differentiated body cell.This Dolly method，known as somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT)，can create more clones and allows researchers greater control over the edits they make to the DNA. Success came from adopting several new techniques.These included a new type of microscopy to better view the cells during handling or using several materials that encourage cell reprogramming，which hadn’t been tried before on primates.Still，the research process proved difficult，and many attempts by the team failed，just two healthy baby monkeys born from more than 60 tested mothers.This leads to many researchers’ pouring_water_on_the_idea that the team’s results bring scientists closer to cloning humans.They thought this work is not a stepping stone to establishing methods for obtaining live born human clones.Instead，this clearly remains a very foolish thing to attempt，it would be far too inefficient，far too unsafe，and it is also pointless. But the scientists involved emphasize that this is not their goal.There is now no barrier for cloning primate species，and thus cloning humans is closer to reality.However，their research purpose is entirely for producing non-human primate models for human diseases；they absolutely have no intention，and society will not permit this work to be extended to humans.Despite limitations，they treat this breakthrough a novel model system for scientists studying human biology and disease. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国科学家利用被称作SCNT的技术克隆出两个基因一模一样的猴子，文章介绍了这种技术，同时说明目前这种技术的用处、成功率和引起的争议。 1．What do we know about the technology called SCNT? A．It created the first two primates. B．It may contribute to editing the DNA. C．It can divide an early-stage embryo into several cells. D．It produced two cloned monkeys with different genes. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“This Dolly method...allow researchers greater control over the edits they make to the DNA.”可知，体细胞核移植(SCNT)允许研究人员更好地控制他们对DNA所做的编辑。故SCNT可能有助于编辑DNA。故选B。 2．What does the author mean by “pouring water on the idea” in paragraph 2? A．Keeping a hot topic of it. B．Attaching no importance to it. C．Having a low opinion of it. D．Adding supportive evidence to it. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据第二段中“This leads to many researchers’ pouring water on the idea...，and it is also pointless.”可知，这个成果导致许多研究人员想泼冷水。因此在第二段中“pouring water on the idea”的意思是“对它的评价很低”。故选C。 3．What is the scientists’ purpose to clone these monkeys? A．To prepare for their research on human cloning. B．To serve as a stepping stone to their reputation. C．To help with the study of human diseases. D．To raise money for holding an exhibition of novels. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However，their research purpose is entirely for producing non-human primate models for human diseases...they treat this breakthrough a novel model system for scientists studying human biology and disease.”可知，科学家们克隆这些猴子的目的是帮助研究人类疾病。故选C。 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Cloning humans is already on its way. B．New techniques seem to be pointless. C．Society won’t agree to clone another monkey. D．The success rate of cloning a monkey was not high. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Still，the research process proved difficult...just two healthy...mothers.”可推知，克隆一只猴子的成功率并不高。故选D。 B(★) Few businesses can run without computers，giving keyboard shortcuts an incredible importance.Schools view typing courses as necessary.But what are we giving up as handwriting loses its significance? Brain power，according to science.Researchers from Princeton University and the University of California conducted a series of studies to demonstrate the differences between students who wrote out their notes and those who typed them.Study participants took notes on a lecture using one of the two methods and were tested 30 minutes after the lecture，and again a week later. The results showed both types of notetakers did well on the first test.The longhand notetakers had a stronger grasp of the overall concept.Students with the handwritten notes were also able to better remember and understand the concept of the lecture a week later，and were more open to understanding new ideas. According to Pam Mueller，lead author of the study，“Our findings suggest even when laptops are used as intended，they may still be harming academic performance.” Part of the reason is that it was faster to take notes on the laptop，using exactly the same words meant they weren’t truly engaged in the content.But notetakers using pen and paper tended to digest the material better and could rephrase it in their own words. Although typing notes using exactly the same words can help in recalling facts in the short term，it takes the focus away from the main points of the lesson.“Ironically，the feature that makes their laptop notetaking so attractive—the ability to take notes more quickly—was what weakened learning，” educational psychologist Dr.Kenneth Kiewra told The Wall Street Journal. Computers aren’t going away soon，but that doesn’t mean paper notebooks become outdated.In fact，it is best to start using them at an early age.University of Indiana researchers compared brain scans of five-year-olds—some who practiced the printing letters，and some who just looked at the letters.Those who wrote out the letters had more enhanced and adult-like brain activity. 5．In the study，what were the participants asked to do? A．Compare typing and handwriting. B．Take notes by typing or handwriting and take tests. C．Take two tests right after taking notes on the lecture. D．Take notes using exactly the same words on the lecture. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Study participants took notes on a lecture using...after the lecture，and again a week later.”可知，所有参与研究的人选择一种方法记笔记，手写或者通过电脑打字，然后再接受测试。故选B。 6．What does the underlined word “longhand” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Fast. B．Flexible. C．Typing. D．Handwriting. 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线单词下一句“Students with the handwritten notes were also able to better remember and understand...and were more open to understanding new ideas.”可知，手写笔记的学生所表现出来的学习能力比较强。所以画线单词指的是“手写”。故选D。 7．What contributes to better learning in note-taking? A．Using the exact words. B．Introducing modern tools. C．Writing as quickly as possible. D．Rephrasing the learning material. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“But notetakers using pen and paper tended to digest the material better and could rephrase it in their own words.”可知，用笔和纸记笔记的人之所以学习更好，是因为这些人能更好地消化材料，会用自己话重新表达。故选D。 8．What would be the best title for the text? A．Typing Matters in a Way B．A Pen Is Better than a Keyboard C．Handwriting Builds Your Brain Power D．Handwriting or Typing Is a Question 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。综合全文内容可知，本文主要讲了书写可以锻炼一个人的脑力，所以“Handwriting Builds Your Brain Power”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。 C The sounds of the Northern Lights have been a mystery to scientists for over a century.But now it seems that a researcher has figured out how auroras(极光) really make sounds. “It has pretty much been confirmed all over the world，” historian Fiona Amery said.“In Canada，Norway and Russia，they are all hearing very much the same sounds.” “The auroras can occur hundreds of kilometers above the ground，which strengthens opinions that their sounds are just a false impression，” said Fiona.Many scientists argued that auroras were too far away to hear and that any sound would take several minutes to reach the ground，so it was impossible for them to change in time with the auroras. However，other scientists were convinced that the Northern Lights really made sounds.In the 1920s，Canadian astronomer Clarence Chant first suggested a mechanism by which they could occur：The motion of the aurora caused changes in the electrification of the atmosphere that created crackling sounds close to the ground.Almost 100 years later，Clarence’s suggestion seems close to what could be the true reason for the sounds. In 2012，an expert named Unto Laine showed a recording of auroral sounds after years of monitoring auroras.In 2016，he announced the mechanism that makes the sounds：an inversion layer(逆温层) of cold air in the atmosphere that can form below an aurora and a short distance above the ground in calm weather. Unto argues that visible changes in the aurora cause changes in the inversion layer，causing accumulated electricity to discharge as sparks(火花) that create sounds that can be heard.That explains how the sounds correspond with the aurora’s visible movements—they begin to happen in the inversion layer only about 75 meters above the observer. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。北极光是否会发声对科学家来说一直是个谜，但现在有研究证实了北极光是能够发声的。 9．What is the primary subject of Fiona’s statement in paragraph 2? A．The existence of the sounds of the Northern Lights. B．The need to make full use of the Northern Lights. C．The problems caused by the Northern Lights. D．The cause of the Northern Lights. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第二段“‘It has pretty much been confirmed all over the world...all hearing very much the same sounds.’”可推知，第二段中Fiona所说的话主要表明北极光的声音是存在的。故选A。 10．What can we learn about Clarence’s suggestion in the 1920s? A．It matched a lot of old ideas. B．It was well recognized then. C．It might be of great value. D．It was a total failure. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第四段的“Almost 100 years later，Clarence’s suggestion seems close to what could be the true reason for the sounds.”可知，他在20世纪20年代提出的推测似乎接近极光产生声音的真正原因，所以它有很大的价值。故选C。 11．How does the author convey his idea in the text? A．By listing research numbers. B．By making comparisons. C．By providing explanations. D．By giving examples. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第二段、文章第四段“In the 1920s，Canadian astronomer Clarence Chant first suggested...”和文章倒数第二段“In 2012，an expert named Unto Laine showed a recording of auroral sounds...”可知，文章列举了Fiona Amery、Clarence Chant等人对北极光发声问题的研究，所以作者是通过举例的方法来表达他的观点的。故选D。 12．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Can We Enjoy the Northern Lights? B．Do the Northern Lights Make Sounds? C．Why Should We Study the Northern Lights? D．How Do the Northern Lights Come into Being? 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文并结合文章第一段“The sounds of the Northern Lights have been a mystery...a researcher has figured out how auroras(极光) really make sounds.”可知，文章主要是围绕对“北极光的声音”这一谜团的研究展开。故B选项是最佳标题。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五 Desertification，the process by which fertile (肥沃的) land becomes desert，has severe impacts on food production and is worsened by climate change.__1__ Africa’s Great Green Wall is a project to build an 8,000-kilometre-long forest across 11 of the continent’s countries.The project is meant to contain the growing Sahara Desert and fight climate change.__2__ They include limited political support，lack of money，weak organizational structures，and not enough consideration for the environment.Just 4 million hectares(公顷) of land have been turned into forest since work on the Green Wall began 15 years ago.__3__ First proposed in 2005，the project aims to plant a forest from Senegal on the Atlantic Ocean in western Africa to Eritrea，Ethiopia and Djibouti in the east.__4__ It could also reduce levels of climate-related migration in the area and capture hundreds of millions of tons of carbon dioxide from the air.Several countries have struggled to keep up with the demands of the project. __5__ Eritrea，Ethiopia，and Sudan have all expanded their efforts.Ethiopia is producing 5.5 billion seedlings leading to thousands of hectares of restored land.Efforts in Eritrea and Sudan have also resulted in nearly 140,000 hectares of newly planted forest.The UN desertification agency says the project will need to plant an average of 8.2 million hectares yearly to reach its goal of 100 million hectares by 2030. A．But the project faces many problems. B．That is only 4 percent of the programme’s goal. C．A quarter of Africa is under threat of food shortage. D．However，it is difficult to work on the Great Green Wall. E．Some progress has been made in recent years in the east of the continent. F．Supporters hope that the project will create millions of green jobs in rural Africa. G．The UN says up to 45 percent of Africa’s land is impacted by desertification，worse than any other continent. 1．答案　G 解析　上文介绍了荒漠化的影响；下文介绍了遏制非洲的荒漠化进程的项目；G项(联合国说，非洲有多达45%的土地受到荒漠化的影响，比其他任何大陆都严重。)起到承前启后的作用，上下文衔接连贯，故选G项。 2．答案　A 解析　上文提到该项目旨在遏制撒哈拉沙漠的扩张并应对气候变化，下文列举的是该项目面临的困难，设空处与上文为转折关系，A项(但该项目面临许多问题。)符合语境，下文的They指代A项中的many problems。上下文衔接连贯，故选A项。 3．答案　B 解析　上文提到该项目进展缓慢，B项(这仅仅是该计划目标的4%。)顺接上文，上文中的Just和B项中的only的运用，表明该项目的进展实在太缓慢了，没有达到预想的速度。故选B项。 4．答案　F 解析　根据上下文可知，此处陈述了该项目的好处，F项 (支持者希望该项目将在非洲农村地区创造数百万的绿色就业机会。)承接上文，下文的It指代F项中的the project，副词also的运用表明下文与F项为并列关系，故选F项。 5．答案　E 解析　根据下文可知，此处介绍了该项目在某些国家中的进展情况。E项(近年来，非洲大陆东部取得了一些进展。)引出下文，符合语境，故选E项。 高考题型组合练(2) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A(★) Dolphins are universally regarded as some of the cleverest creatures in the world.Dolphins in captivity can be trained to perform tricks like jumping through hoops and somersaulting in the air. But their intelligence doesn’t stop there.In a recent study of cetaceans(鲸目动物)—a group of animals that includes dolphins and whales—researchers created a list of intelligent behaviors observed in 90 different cetacean species，reported The Guardian.For example，the smartest cetaceans hunt in groups，share knowledge through mimicry(模仿) and even care for each other’s children.Some even consider their behavior to be human-like. “There is the saying that ‘it takes a village to raise a child’ seems to be true for both whales and humans，” Michael Muthukrishna of the London School of Economics，co-author of the study，told The Guardian. However，cetaceans don’t just use their brain power for survival.The study suggests that dolphins might even gossip.That’s because some species greet each other with specific whistles，just as humans greet each other by name，The Guardian reported.Sometimes，a group of dolphins whistles the “name” of a dolphin that isn’t there.Could they be speaking about their “friend” behind its back? For the researchers，dolphin small talk is a big deal.As they found that the most social cetaceans also have the largest brains，they argue that cetacean intelligence developed to meet the demands of complex social groups. Known as the “cultural brain hypothesis(假设)”，it had only been used to explain the intelligence of humans and other primates(灵长目动物)．The new study aimed to find a common pathway for the evolution of intelligence among biologically different species. “It is interesting to think that whale and human brains are different in their structure but have brought us to the same patterns in behavior，” Luke Rendell，a biologist at the University of St Andrews，told The Guardian. Indeed，we still have a lot to learn about our intelligent ocean-dwelling neighbors.“We don’t have to look at other planets to look for aliens，” Muthukrishna told The Guardian，“because we know that underwater there are these amazing species with so many parallels to us in their complex behaviors.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究者发现在海洋下面生活着类似人类智商的群居动物，如海豚和鲸，它们的大脑为我们研究智力的进化提供了参考。 1．What does the underlined word “gossip” probably mean in paragraph 4? A．Singing. B．Shouting. C．Chatting. D．Arguing. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据第四段中画线词下文“That’s because some species greet each other with specific whistles...Could they be speaking about their ‘friend’ behind its back？”可知，聚在一起的一队海豚有时候吹口哨会吹出一个并未露面的海豚的“名字”；由“Could they be speaking about...？”可知，作者猜测它们或许在背后谈论什么，故推知gossip的意思为“聊天”，与chat同义。故选C。 2．What was the aim of the recent study? A．Learn more about intelligent creatures of the sea. B．Explain the intelligence of humans and cetaceans. C．Create a list of intelligent behaviors of different cetacean species. D．See whether the intelligence of different species evolved in the same way. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的“The new study aimed to find a common pathway for the evolution of intelligence among biologically different species.”可知，新的研究旨在找出不同物种之间智力进化的共同方式。故选D。 3．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Some cetaceans have the same intelligence as human beings. B．It is unnecessary to look for aliens and do research into them. C．Both dolphins and whales greet each other with specific whistles. D．Both dolphins and whales have a lot in common with humans in behaviors. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句以及第三段中“There is the saying that ‘it takes a village to raise a child’ seems to be true for both whales and humans”可知，鲸鱼和海豚与人类的行为很多有相似之处。故选D。 4．What is the best title for this passage? A．Aliens Living Underwater B．Intelligent Creatures of the Sea C．A Study of Intelligent Dolphins D．Reasons for the Intelligence of Sea Creatures 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。纵观全文尤其根据最后一段中“Indeed，we still have a lot to learn about our intelligent ocean-dwelling neighbors.”可知，文章主要介绍了研究者发现在海洋下面生活着类似人类智商的海洋动物；故B项“Intelligent Creatures of the Sea”适合作为本文标题。故选B。 B From the time I was a young girl，all I wanted was to play outside.I used the ferns(蕨类植物) in my childhood backyard to raise myself up muddy Pacific Northwest slopes(斜坡)，sat by the edge of the property’s wooded stream and imagined it was a winding river. Hours were spent on horseback，prepared with bags and snacks to ride the same path over and over，always dreaming up a new experience.As an adult，my interests are consistent，though the landscape has shifted.For the last four years，I have had the opportunity to explore our Earth’s most remote cold water locations as an underwater videographer and ocean-focused naturalist，developing an appreciation and understanding for challenging corners of the globe.Though my travels have taken me from Antarctica to the Arctic，it’s the temperate in-between that captivates me.During the last four years，Southeast Alaska，particularly the Inian Islands in its incredible wildness and productivity，has stolen my attention.My name is Alyssa Adler，and I am the Inian Islands Institute’s 2019 Scientist in Residence and National Geographic grant recipient for project Tall Trees in Cold Seas. The natural beauty of the Inians is pure，but the environment works for it.Massive rushing tides(潮水) flood the Hobbit Hole twice daily，like an angry river.Sometimes I learn some meaningful and useful lessons the hard way.Transportation of extensive dive equipment required the help of people in Ketchikan，Gustavus and other places.These lessons only allow my respect for this region to the full，teaching me how to be successful.I need to learn and understand the power and network of Southeast Alaska，both in the water and out.It’s all worth it to roll into the salty Pacific Ocean，turn on my cameras as I sink to the seafloor，and shine my lights on early spring in the Inian Islands. 语篇解读　本文是夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了自己对于工作的热情，尽管工作充满挑战，仍旧充满激情。 5．What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To share an amazing story. B．To introduce a unique plant. C．To suggest a special river. D．To explain the author’s wish. 答案　D 解析　写作意图题。根据首段“From the time I was a young girl，all I wanted was to play outside.I used the ferns(蕨类植物) in my childhood backyard to...”可知，本段主要讲述了作者的愿望。故选D。 6．What does the underlined word “captivates” mean in paragraph 2? A．Surprises. B．Discourages. C．Worries. D．Attracts. 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。根据让步状语从句“Though my travels have taken me from Antarctica to the Arctic”可知，主从句是转折关系，因此推断画线句句意：吸引我的是温和的中间地带。故画线词与D项“吸引”意思相近。故选D。 7．What do you think of Alyssa Adler’s job? A．Boring. B．Demanding. C．Challenging. D．Well-paid. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Sometimes I learn some meaningful and useful lessons the hard way.Transportation of extensive dive equipment required...It’s all worth it to roll into the salty Pacific Ocean，turn on my cameras as I sink to the seafloor，and...”可推知，Alyssa Adler的工作具有挑战性。故选C。 8．What message does the text convey? A．Love breaks down barriers. B．Hard work finally pays off. C．Ups and downs make one strong. D．Enthusiasm fuels devotion. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的“Hours were spent on horseback...As an adult，my interests are consistent，though the landscape has shifted.”可知，作者对旅行充满激情，结合最后一段的“It’s all worth it to roll into the salty Pacific Ocean，turn on my cameras as I sink to the seafloor，and...”可推断，作者对工作的激情激发了奉献精神。故选D。 Ⅱ.完形填空 In some parts of Central China’s Henan Province，daughters will __1__ wild goose-shaped cakes for their parents before the leap month(闰月) comes，wishing for auspiciousness.There is a __2__ surrounding the tradition. Long ago，there was a girl living at the southern foot of the Songshan Mountain in Henan，who was very __3__.In a year which had a leap month，the married girl __4__ of her parents，who never had enough food to eat and might suffer from hunger due to the __5__ month.So，she collected some leftover millet (小米) and headed toward her parents’ home.On the mountainous road，she __6__ fell down and when she woke up，the millet was already __7__ up by birds.Seeing this and thinking of her parents，she cried loudly and slowly fell asleep again. Then she heard some weak voice and woke up again，seeing a couple of wild geese were staying in her bag and not willing to leave，so she took them with her.When she arrived at her parents’ home，the village was __8__ famine and plague，and her parents were on the verge of __9__.She hurriedly boiled the wild geese and fed them to her parents，and her parents recovered soon.She then gave the leftover food to the neighbors and the __10__ miraculously disappeared the next day. After that，before each leap month，daughters began to visit their __11__ and bring gifts.As wild goose is a(n) __12__ bird，people use dough to make wild goose-shaped cakes in __13__ of the actual bird for their parents，wishing them healthy and hoping to banish any plagues. In some parts of East China’s Shandong Province，the married daughters will send dough-made fish and toad to their parents，which __14__ “wealth” and “health” respectively.__15__，it is said that the dough fish is for a mother and the dough toad is for a father. 1．A.bury B．send C．prepare D．decorate 答案　C 解析　bury埋；send寄；prepare准备；decorate装饰。根据“for their parents before the leap month(闰月) comes”以及下文倒数第二段中的“make wild goose-shaped cakes...for their parents”可知，女儿们会在闰月前为父母准备大雁形状的糕点。故选C项。 2．A.book B．song C．title D．legend 答案　D 解析　book书；song歌曲；title标题；legend传说。根据下文“Long ago”可知，关于第一段描述的习俗有一个传说。故选D项。 3．A.beautiful B．filial C．brave D．smart 答案　B 解析　beautiful美丽的；filial孝顺的；brave勇敢的；smart聪明的。根据下文“So，she collected some leftover millet(小米) and headed toward her parents’ home.”可知，女孩非常孝顺，想到父母的处境，给父母送小米。故选B项。 4．A.thought B．warned C．heard D．reminded 答案　A 解析　think想起；warn警告；hear听到；remind提醒。根据“who never had enough food to eat and might suffer from hunger”可知，女孩想到了自己的父母。故选A项。 5．A.repetitive B．relevant C．representative D．respective 答案　A 解析　repetitive重复的；relevant相关的；representative有代表性的；respective各自的。根据“In a year which had a leap month”可知，此处指因为闰月，也就是重复的月份而挨饿。故选A项。 6．A.eventually B．accidentally C．hurriedly D．mysteriously 答案　B 解析　eventually最终；accidentally意外地，不小心地；hurriedly匆忙地；mysteriously神秘地。根据“when she woke up”可知，走山路时，女孩不小心跌倒了，昏了过去。故选B项。 7．A.taken B．made C．eaten D．set 答案　C 解析　take带；make制作；eat吃；set设置。根据“by birds”可知，当她醒来时，小米被鸟儿吃掉了。故选C项。 8．A.suffering from B．learning from C．taking from D．recovering from 答案　A 解析　suffer from遭受；learn from从……中学习；take from从……中获取；recover from从……中恢复。根据上文中的“her parents，who...and might suffer from hunger”以及空后的“famine and plague”可知，村子正遭受饥荒和瘟疫。故选A项。 9．A.delight B．death C．penalty D．performance 答案　B 解析　delight快乐；death死亡；penalty处罚，刑罚；performance表现。根据上文中的“her parents，who never had enough food to eat and...”可推知，女孩的父母在死亡的边缘。故选B项。 10．A.neighbors B．plague C．food D．village 答案　B 解析　neighbor邻居；plague瘟疫；food食物；village村庄。根据前文“famine and plague”及空后的“miraculously disappeared”可知，第二天瘟疫奇迹般地消失了。故选B项。 11．A.friends B．relatives C．parents D．classmates 答案　C 解析　friend朋友；relative亲戚；parent父亲(或母亲)；classmate同班同学。根据上文“So，she collected some leftover millet(小米) and headed toward her parents’ home.”可知，由于这个女孩拜访父母，救了村子的人，后来女儿们都会在闰月前看望父母。故选C项。 12．A.delicate B．abnormal C．outstanding D．rare 答案　D 解析　delicate柔和的，脆弱的；abnormal不正常的；outstanding杰出的；rare罕见的。根据“people use dough to make wild goose-shaped cakes”可知，由于真的大雁是稀有的，女孩们不得不用面团做大雁形状的糕点。故选D项。 13．A.pursuit B．point C．place D．praise 答案　C 解析　pursuit追求；point意义；place地方；praise表扬。根据“use dough to make wild goose-shaped cakes”可知，女孩们用大雁糕点代替真正的大雁。in place of“代替”。故选C项。 14．A.symbolize B．suspect C．simplify D．state 答案　A 解析　symbolize象征；suspect怀疑；simplify简化；state陈述。根据“the married daughters will send dough-made fish and toad to their parents”及“‘wealth’ and ‘health’”可知，面鱼和面蟾蜍分别象征着“财富”和“健康”。故选A项。 15．A.However B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．Besides 答案　D 解析　however然而；therefore因此；otherwise否则；besides此外。根据“...it is said that the dough fish is for a mother and the dough toad is for a father.”可知，这是补充说明，空处缺少“此外”。故选D项。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Traditional tea processing techniques and their associated social practices in China were added to UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on November 29th.This unique culture,1.__________(compose) of knowledge，skills and practices concerning management of tea plantations，picking of tea leaves，and the processing，drinking and sharing of tea，is the 43th entry from China on the list，whose total tops all other countries.The tea that 2.____________(appeal) to the world for thousands of years finally received top-level global 3.____________(recognize) as a shared cultural treasure of mankind. According to UNESCO，in China traditional tea processing techniques are 4.____________(close) associated with geographical location and natural environment，resulting 5.____________ six categories in China—green，black，yellow，oolong，white and dark. 6．____________ an official document explained，tea is a fundamental cultural element to Chinese people’s daily life.Practices of greeting guests with tea and building good relationships through tea-related activities 7.____________(share) among multiple ethnic groups，and provide 8.____________ sense of identity and continuity for communities，groups and 9.__________(individual) concerned. In China，it is reported that over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities have set up majors in tea science or tea culture，with over 3,000 graduates 10.____________(specialize) in tea production and art every year. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了中国传统茶叶加工工艺及其相关习俗被列入了联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。 1．答案　composed 解析　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词is，所以空处应用非谓语动词。be composed of意为“由……组成”，在句中作culture的定语，所以用过去分词。故填composed。 2．答案　has appealed 解析　考查动词时态。根据时间状语for thousands of years可知，that引导的定语从句的谓语动词应用现在完成时，先行词that指代名词The tea，为不可数名词，且that在从句中作主语，所以从句中助动词应用has。故填has appealed。 3．答案　recognition 解析　考查名词。形容词global后接名词形式。故填recognition。 4．答案　closely 解析　考查副词。空处应用副词修饰动词短语be associated with，作状语。故填closely。 5．答案　in 解析　考查介词。固定短语result in意为“导致”。故填in。 6．答案　As 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，本句为as引导的非限制性定语从句，as意为“正如”，指代后面整个主句，作explained的宾语。故填As。 7．答案　are shared 解析　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语Practices与share之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态；主语Practices为可数名词复数，所以后面的谓语动词应用are。故填are shared。 8．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。固定短语a sense of意为“一种……的感觉”。故填a。 9．答案　individuals 解析　考查名词复数。名词individual为可数名词，根据并列名词communities和groups可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填individuals。 10．答案　specializing 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，这里为with的复合结构。介词with后的宾语over 3,000 graduates与specialize之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词，作宾语补足语。故填specializing。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $