选择性必修第三册 UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY(word教参)-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（北师大版2019）

一、速背分类单词——付出点滴 收获无限 背阅读单词 1．marathon n.　　　 马拉松赛跑 2．athletics n. 田径运动会 3．innovate vi.&vt. 革新，创新，改革 4．vaccine n. 疫苗 5．resilience n. 恢复力，复原力，适应力 6．doping n. 使用违禁药物(以提高体育比赛的成绩) 7．clone vt. 克隆，使无性繁殖 n. 克隆动物或植物，无性繁殖的个体 8．gene n. 基因 9．artificially adv. 人为地，虚假地 10．identical adj. 完全相同的，非常相似的 11．mammal n. 哺乳动物 12．camel n. 骆驼 13．cattle n. 牛 14．goat n. 山羊 15．primate n. 灵长目动物 16．ape n. 猿 17．reproductive adj. 繁殖的，生殖的 18．clue n. 线索，提示 19．provoke vt. 激起，引起 20．ethical adj. 关于伦理的；合乎道德的 21．inferior adj. 低级别的，下级的；差的，次的 22．curse n. 祸因，祸根；诅咒，咒语 23．atom n.　　　　　 原子 24．organ n. 器官 25．impulse n. (神经)冲动，(电)脉冲 26．crossword n. 纵横字谜，纵横填字游戏 27．intake n. 摄入量，摄取量 28．omega n. 欧米伽(希腊字母表的最后一个字母，即Ω，ω) 29．epidemic n. 传染病，流行病 30．virus n. 病毒 31．variation n. 变化物，变体；差异，变动 32．bacteria n. 细菌 33．baseline n. (医学或科学中的)基线，准线 34．parallel n. (不同地点或不同时间的两事物之间的)联系，相似 adj. 平行的 35．sample n. 样本，样品 vt. 品尝，尝试；对……做抽样调查 36．CE 公元(用于日期后) 37．lung n. 肺 38．trial n. 试验；审判，审理 39．underline vt. 强调，使突出；在……之下划线 40．symbolically adv. 象征地，象征性地 41．mineral n. 矿物质；矿产 42．database n. 数据库，资料库 43．astronomer n. 天文学家 背拓展单词 1．biology n.　　　 生物学 biological adj. 生物的；生物学的 biologist n. 生物学家 2．capability n. (完成困难事情的)能力，才能 capable adj. 有能力的 3．infer vt. 推断，推定 inference n. 推断，推定 4．calculate vt. 计算，核算 calculation n. 计算，核算 calculator n. 计算器 5．physicist n. 物理学家 physics n. 物理学 physical adj. 物理学的；身体的；物质的 6.betterment n.　　 (个人社会和经济地位的)改良，改善，提高 better vt. 改善，提高；超过；胜过 7．edit vi.&vt. 编辑，编校；剪辑，剪接 edition n. 版本，版次 editor n. 编辑，主编 8．comparison n. 比较 compare v. 比较 9．wholly adv. 完全地 whole adj. 完全的 10．accurate adj. 准确的，正确的 accurately adv. 准确地 accuracy n. 准确性，准确度 11.blessing n.　　　　 福气，幸运 bless vt. 祝福 12.nerve n. 神经；焦虑，恐惧，紧张 nervous adj. 紧张的 13.classify vt. 将……分类；把……归入一类 classified adj. 分类的；机密的 classification n. 归类，分类，分级 14.depressing adj. 令人沮丧的，让人忧愁的 depressed adj. 沮丧的，忧愁的 depress vt. 令人沮丧；使萧条 depression n. 沮丧；(经济)萧条 15.steadily adv. 稳定地 steady adj. 稳定的；稳固的 unsteady adj. 不稳定的 16.systematic adj.　　　 系统化的，有条理的 system n. 系统，体系，制度 17.globe n. 地球，世界；地球仪 global adj. 全球的 18.corresponding adj. 相应的；对应的 correspond vi. 相一致；符合；类似于 correspondence n. 一致；相似；相关；通信；信件 19.differ vi. 不同，不一样；有异议 different adj. 不同的 difference n. 不同；分歧 20.identify vt. 确定，发现；认出，识别 identification n. 确定，发现；鉴定；辨认 第一组　会写——力求写准记牢 1．justify vt.　　　　 证明……有道理，为……辩护 2．participant n. 参加者，参与者 3．barrier n. 障碍，壁垒 4．twin n. 双胞胎中的一个 5．forever adv. 永远；长久地 6．emotion n. 强烈的情感，激情 7．crucial adj. 至关重要的，关键性的 8．bound adj. 很有可能，肯定会 9．mere adj. 仅仅，只不过；极小的，极不重要的 10．abuse vt. 滥用，妄用；虐待 n. 滥用；虐待 11．locate vi.&vt. 找出……的准确位置 12．zone n. 地区，地带 13．factor n. 因素，要素 14．officially adv. 官方地，正式地 15．rare adj. 稀有的，罕见的，不常发生的 16．widespread adj. 分布广的，广泛流传的 17．estimate vt.&n. 估计，估算 18．visible adj. 看得见的 19．symptom n. 症状；征兆，症候 20．pose vt. 造成，引起，产生(问题、危险、困难等) n. (为画像、拍照等而摆的)姿势，姿态 21．outbreak n. (战争或疾病)爆发，突然发生 22．actual adj. 实际的，真实的 23．thorough adj. 彻底的，全面的，详尽的 24．paragraph n. (文章的)段，段落 25．phenomenon n. 现象 26．needle n. 针 27．victim n. (袭击事件、抢劫事件或凶杀案的)受害者 第二组　会用——突出活学活用 1.treatment n.治疗；处理；待遇 背重点 背写作佳句 (1)under treatment 在治疗中 (2)treat vt. 以……方式对待；把…… 看作；把……视为；招待；款待 n. 款待 treat...as... 把……看作……；把……视 为…… treat sb to sth 用某物招待某人，以某物款待某人 treat sb with... 以……方式对待某人 My treat. 我请客。 ①All of the patients were under treatment for epidemic disease. 所有的病人因流行病在接受治疗。 ②I respect my mother so much as she never treats me as a child，but as an equal. 我非常尊重母亲，她从来没有把我当作孩子，而是平等对待。 2.contain vt.包含，容纳，装盛；克制，抑制(感情) 背重点 背写作佳句 contain oneself　　克制自己 contain one's excitement/anger 抑制自己的激动/愤怒 Their mom tried to contain her excitement，but the glittering tears failed her.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) 他们的妈妈试图抑制自己的激动，却激动得落泪了。 3.opposed adj.与某事物相反；反对某事物，不赞成某事物 背重点 背写作佳句 (1)be opposed to (doing) sth 反对(做)某事 (2)oppose vt. 反对；抵制；阻 挠 oppose (doing) sth 反对(做)某事 oppose sb/sb's doing sth 反对某人做某事 I strongly opposed David/David's giving up the cross－country run.He closed his eyes tightly，pondering on my opposition.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) 我强烈反对大卫放弃越野跑。他紧紧地闭上眼睛，思索着我的反对。 4.bury v.埋葬，安葬；埋藏；隐藏；使沉浸；使专心 背重点 背写作佳句 bury ...in ...　　 把……埋到/插入……里； 使……沉浸于…… bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面 be buried in bury oneself in(doing) sth 专心于(做)某事 ①She buried her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news. 当她听到那个坏消息时，她双手掩面而泣。(读后续写之悲伤心理描写) ②Though buried in books these days，I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself. 虽然这些天我埋头读书，但我还是加入了几个学生俱乐部以提升自我。 5.suspect n.(犯罪)嫌疑人，可疑分子 v．猜疑；猜想；怀疑 背重点 背写作佳句 (1)suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做)某事 suspect sb to be/as... 怀疑某人是…… (2)suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的；怀疑的 be suspicious of/about... 对……怀疑 ①Police suspect there may be a link between the two murders. 警方怀疑那两桩凶杀案可能有关联。 ②What made you suspect her of having taken the money? 你凭什么怀疑钱是她偷的？ 二、熟背短语词块——碎片时间 合理运用 1．in comparison with　　 与……相比 2．depend on 取决于 3．be devoted to 致力于 4．be responsible for 对……负责 5．get through 度过，熬过(困难时期等) 6．up to 多达 7．get over 克服；恢复；熬过 8．come up with 找出，提出，想出 9．be bound to 一定会 10．cut down on 削减，减少 11．be treated as 被看作 12．be crucial for 对……来说至关重要 13．be classified as 被归类为…… 14．opposed to 与……相反；反对 15．in the course of 在……过程中；在……期间 16．result in 导致；引起 三、巧背单元佳句——日积月累 激活潜能 1．句式：动词不定式短语作后置定语 原句：They were the first－ever primates (the order of mammals which include apes, monkeys, and humans) to have been cloned! 它们是有史以来首次被克隆的灵长类动物(哺乳动物的一个类别，包括猿、猴子和人)! 2．句式： while引导让步状语从句 原句： While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement, others raise moral concerns. 尽管有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要，但也有人提出了道德方面的担忧。 3．句式： with复合结构 原句：With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past，Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive future without epidemics. 最近有新闻报道，吉姆·史密斯将禽流感和过去致命的流行病做对比，在屡屡令人感到沮丧的流行病史中寻找线索，从而创造一个远离流行病的美好未来。 4．句式：动词－ing形式(短语)作结果状语 原句：Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic，making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire. 现今科学家估计，发病区域多达50%的人口死于这一流行病，成为罗马帝国衰落的一个主要原因。 5．句式： sb/sth be believed to be...某人/某物被认为是…… 原句：Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most severe epidemic in history. 在18个月内造成5 000万人死亡之后，西班牙流感被认为是历史上最严重的流行病。 四、多背续写素材——满分佳作 学会用活 动作描写之“头部”动作 1．积累常诵 短语 ①raise one's head仰头； ②throw one's head back头往后仰； ③drop/lower/bow/hang one's head低头； ④with a nod点头； ⑤shake one's head摇头； ⑥scratch one's head挠了挠头； ⑦put/hold/bury one's head in one's hands双手抱头； ⑧rest one's head on/against把头靠在……上面； ⑨head for/towards朝……走去 2.背诵描写“头部”动作的经典范文 Steven walked slowly to the bus, his head down，tears in his eyes(独立主格)．He felt a gentle touch on his arm.It was his friend John who nodded and smiled at him.Though he was in a bad mood，he dropped/hung/lowered his head to hide it and managed a smile.The instant he entered his room，he buried his head under the quilt，pretending to be tired.However，his mother stopped her housework, raising her head with surprise in her eyes.Then Steven rose，sat close to his mother，rested his head on/against her shoulder，and could hardly resist weeping. 重点单词　分类记忆　——多积累 平时多输入 用时顺手出 阅读词汇知其意 1．marathon n.　　　 马拉松赛跑 2．athletics n. 田径运动会 3．innovate vi.&vt. 革新，创新，改革 4．vaccine n. 疫苗 5．clone vt. 克隆，使无性繁殖 n. 克隆动物或植物，无性繁殖的个体 6．gene n. 基因 7．artificially adv. 人为地，虚假地 8．identical adj. 完全相同的，非常相似的 9．mammal n. 哺乳动物 10．camel n. 骆驼 11．cattle n. 牛 12．goat n. 山羊 13．reproductive adj. 繁殖的，生殖的 14．clue n. 线索，提示 15.atom n.　　　 原子 16．organ n. 器官 17．intake n. 摄入量，摄取量 18．epidemic n. 传染病，流行病 19．virus n. 病毒 20．variation n. 变化物，变体；差异，变动 21．bacteria n. 细菌 22．sample n. 样本，样品 vt. 品尝，尝试；对……做抽样调查 23．lung n. 肺 24．trial n. 试验；审判，审理 25．underline vt. 强调，使突出；在……之下划线 26．mineral n. 矿物质；矿产 27．database n. 数据库，资料库 28．astronomer n. 天文学家 核心词汇写其形 1．justify vt.　　 　 证明……有道理，为……辩护 2．participant n. 参加者，参与者 3．twin_ n. 双胞胎中的一个 4．forever adv. 永远；长久地 5．emotion_ n. 强烈的情感，激情 6．mere adj. 仅仅，只不过；极小 的，极不重要的 7．abuse vt. 滥用，妄用；虐待 n. 滥用；虐待 8．locate vi.&vt. 找出……的准确位 置 9．zone n. 地区，地带 10．officially adv. 官方地，正式地 11．rare adj. 稀有的，罕见的，不常发生的 12．widespread adj. 分布广的，广泛流传 的 13．visible adj. 看得见的 14．symptom n. 症状；征兆，症候 15．bury vt. 埋葬，安葬；埋藏 16．outbreak n. (战争或疾病)爆发， 突然发生 17．actual adj. 实际的，真实的 18．paragraph n. (文章的)段，段落 19．phenomenon n. 现象 20．needle n. 针 21.Now that you have done so much work, you're bound (很有可能) to win the speech contest. 22．Many people went to the disaster area to help the victims (受害者) as volunteers after the earthquake happened. 23．Containing_(包含，容纳)rich natural and cultural relics，Mount Tai has been listed on the World Natural and Cultural Heritage List. 24.The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors (因素), most of which are beyond our control. 25．It is estimated(估计) that 80% of all conversation in English is small talk. 26．After a thorough (彻底的) search，we determined that he must have left it at the fountain. 27．Suspected(怀疑) of damaging this cultural heritage，he was arrested by the police. 28．Being equipped with global vision and the spirit of innovation is crucial(至关重要的) to China's young generation. 拓展词汇通其变 1．biology n．生物学→biological adj.生物的；生物学的→biologist_ n．生物学家 2．physicist n．物理学家→physics n．物理学→physical_ adj.物理学的；身体的；物质的 3．betterment n．(个人社会和经济地位的)改良，改善，提高→better vt.改善，提高；超过；胜过 4．wholly adv.完全地→whole adj.完全的 5．accurate adj.准确的，正确的→accurately adv.准确地→accuracy n．准确性，准确度 6．nerve n．神经；焦虑，恐惧，紧张→nervous adj.紧张的 7．classify vt.将……分类；把……归入一类→classified adj.分类的；机密的→classification_ n．归类，分类，分级 8．opposed adj.与某事物相反；反对某事物→oppose vt.反对→opposite adj.对面的；相反的→opposition n．反对，反抗 9．corresponding adj.相应的；对应的→correspond vi.相一致；符合；类似于→correspondence n．一致；相似；相关；通信；信件 10.From the appearance, we cannot tell the difference between the twins, though they always have some different ideas. (differ) 11．People had to treat themselves in their own way before they received the treatment (treat) sent by the government. 12．Nearly 60 participants from Beijing and neighbouring areas participated in the competition last summer.(participate) 13．On hearing the depressing news, he felt depressed and soon got into a state of depression．(depress) 14．Global warming has caused great concern and we should take effective measures to protect our globe．(globe) 15．Not knowing where his apartment is located，we decided to find the location with the help of GPS.(locate) 16．Don't compare everything you have with others，for you will feel your life less satisfactory by comparison. (compare) 17．With steady policies，the company's exports have been increasing steadily. (steady) 18．I was blessed with a happy childhood and it was a blessing for me.(bless) 19．He is a capable leader and almost everyone admires him for his capacity. (capable) 重点短语　记牢用准　——会积累 平时多联想 用时会拓展 先写对 再用准 第一组 1．in comparison with 与……相比 2．depend on 取决于 3．be devoted to 致力于 4．be responsible for 对……负责 5．get through 度过，熬过(困难时期等) 6．up to 多达 7．get over 克服；恢复；熬过 8．come up with 找出，提出，想出 第二组 9．be bound to 一定会 10．cut down on 削减，减少 11．be treated as 被看作 12．be crucial for 对……来说至关重要 13．a great deal of 大量 14．opposed to 与……相反；反对 15．in the course of 在……过程中；在……期间 16．result in 导致；引起 选用左栏短语填空 1.On no condition can we give up our dreams; only if we can stick to our dreams will we be able to get over all kinds of challenges. 2.Being devoted to learning a second language, whether you are old or young, will add to a lot of fun and broaden your horizons. 3.In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to examine the eyes more attentively. 4.All of us were at a loss because unexpected difficulties arose in the course of the experiment. 5.If you expect different places to have the same food as you are accustomed to at home, then you are bound to be disappointed. 后缀“－ify”动词一览 “疾病”相关名词集锦 “in＋n.＋with”短语聚焦 ①class→classify将……分类 ②just→justify 为……辩护 ③identity→identify 发现；认出 ④simple→simplify 简化 ⑤beauty→beautify 美化 ⑥pure→purify 净化 ①epidemic流行病 ②virus 病毒 ③bacteria 细菌 ④symptom 症状；症候 ⑤treatment 诊疗，治疗 ⑥outbreak (疾病)爆发 ①in comparison with与……比较 ②in connection with 与……有关 ③in contrast with 与……形成对比 ④in harmony with 与……协调 ⑤in line with 符合；与……一致 ⑥ in cooperation with 与……合作 　　　　 重点句式　背熟巧用　——会活用 平时造佳句 用时表达高 句式背诵 句式仿写 句型公式1: with复合结构 教材原句：With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past，Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive future without epidemics. 随着最近的媒体报道将禽流感和过去的致命流行病相类比，吉姆·史密斯审视了一度令人沮丧的流行病历史，寻找关于我们如何创造一个更美好的没有流行病的未来的线索。 1.太阳西沉，我们不得不向工人们挥手告别。我们度过了多么有意义的一天啊！ With the sun setting in the west, we had to wave goodbye to the workers.What a meaningful day we had！ 句型公式2：分词短语作结果状语 教材原句：Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic, making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire. 现在科学家们估计，该地区多达50%的人口死于这种流行病，使其成为罗马帝国衰落的主要原因之一。 2.面对能源危机，中国政府和科学家肩负起保护地球的责任，共同努力使人类文明生生不息。 Faced with the energy crisis，the Chinese government and scientists shoulder the responsibility of protecting the earth，making joint efforts to keep human civilizations alive. 句型公式3: sb/sth be believed to be...某人/某物被认为是…… 教材原句：Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most severe epidemic in history. 18个月内造成5 000万人死亡，西班牙流感被认为是历史上最严重的流行病。 3.杂交水稻之父袁隆平被认为是中国最伟大的科学家之一。(主题写作之人物介绍) Yuan Longping，father of hybrid rice，is believed to be one of the greatest scientists in China． 核心单词　重难突破　——系统掌握 归纳提升一遍过 1. treatment n.诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式(treat n．招待；款待　v．对待；款待；请客；治疗) (1)under treatment 在治疗中 (2)treat sb as... 把某人看作…… treat sb to sth 用……招待某人，以……款待某人 treat sb with... 以……方式对待某人　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Later，he worked in Africa，where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment(treat)． ②My mother is strongly opposed to my father treating me to junk food. ③通过社区服务，我完全意识到，我们不仅要以尊重的方式对待无家可归的人，而且应该平等看待他们。(2022·浙江6月卷读后续写) Through the community service，I wholly realized that not only should we treat the homeless people with respect but we also should treat them as equals． 2. contain vt.包含，容纳，装盛；容忍；控制(container n．容器) contain oneself 　　 克制自己 contain one's＋excitement/anger 等表情感的名词　抑制自己的激动/愤怒等　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Our school stadium is large enough to contain (contain) 3，000 people，where a wide variety of sports events can be held. ②He was so excited that he could hardly contain himself (he)． ③It was a neighbor called Mario，coming to bring us a box containing (contain) some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.(2023·全国甲卷) ④他们的妈妈试图抑制自己的激动，但还是激动得落泪了。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) Their mom tried to contain her excitement，but the glittering tears failed her. 3. classify vt.将……分类；把……归入一类(classified adj.分类的；机密的　classification n．归类；分级；分类；类别) classify...into...　　 把……分为…… classify sb/sth as sth 把……划分为/界定为……　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It is suggested that words (should) be classified (classify)when we remember them.(应用文之建议信) ②Epidemics fall into different classifications(classify) according to the way they are spread. ③有人建议，当我们背诵单词时，应该把它们分成不同的类别。例如，有些词可以归类为与体育有关的词。(应用文之建议信) It is suggested that words (should) be classified into different categories when we learn them by heart.For instance，some words can be classfied as sports－related words. 4. opposed adj.与某事物相反；反对某事物，不赞成某事物(oppose vt.反对；抵制　opposite adj.对面的；相反的) (1)be opposed to doing sth 反对做某事 (2)oppose (doing) sth 反对(做)某事 oppose sb/sb's doing sth 反对某人做某事　　 练透——单句语法填空/句式升级 ①Hence, many educators are strongly opposed to protecting(protect)children too much in our daily routine. ②Opposed (oppose) to developing the nature reserve，the local people prevented the construction workers from entering their villages. ③Because all of my friends were opposed to my plan，I couldn't resist sobbing，hiding my face in my hands.(读后续写之悲伤心理描写) →With all of my friends opposed to/ opposing my plan，I couldn't resist sobbing，hiding my face in my hands.(with复合结构) →All of my friends opposed to/ opposing my plan，I couldn't resist sobbing，hiding my face in my hands.(独立主格) 5. bury v.(buried，buried，burying)埋葬，安葬；埋藏；隐藏；使沉浸；使专心 (1) be buried in bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于 (2)bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面　　 练透——句式升级/一句多译 ①David still refused to look at me and his head was buried in his arms.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) →David still refused to look at me，burying his head in his arms．(分词作状语) →David still refused to look at me，with his head buried in his arms．(with复合结构) →David still refused to look at me，his head buried in his arms．(独立主格) ②我每天专心读英文报并获得了丰富多彩的知识。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文) a.I bury myself in/am buried in reading the English newspaper every day and I have gained lots of colorful knowledge. b．Buried in reading the English newspaper every day，I have gained lots of colorful knowledge.(分词作状语) 6. suspect n.(犯罪)嫌疑人，可疑分子　 v．猜疑；猜想；怀疑(suspicion n．怀疑；疑心　suspicious adj.怀疑的；可疑的) (1)suspect sb of (doing) sth　　 怀疑某人(做)某事 suspect sb to be/as... 怀疑某人是…… (2)be suspicious of/about... 对……怀疑　　 练透——单句语法填空/句式升级 ①While on his way to Bukhara, he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. ②He suspected me of stealing(steal) the old woman's gold ring and even my best friend was suspicious(suspect) about my personal qualities，so I buried my face in my hands，sobbing uncontrollably.(读后续写之悲伤心理描写) ③The fellow was suspected of abusing drugs，so he was questioned by the police. →Suspected of abusing drugs，the fellow was questioned by the police.(过去分词短语作状语) 短语句式　学以致用　——精讲精练 应用提升全通关 1. get through用完，耗尽；接通；(设法)处理；完成；度过，熬过 get across　　　 被理解；使人了解 get along (well/badly) with 和……相处得(好/坏)；进展得(好/坏) get away with 被放过；逃脱惩罚 get down to sth 着手认真做某事 get over 克服 get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I couldn't get through to him because his telephone was out of order now and then. ②It's time that I should get down to thinking (think) about my future. ③The child ought to be punished.You shouldn't let him get away with telling lies! ④既然我们都住在一个屋檐下，我们应该学会如何和睦相处。(话题写作之人际关系) Now that we all live under one roof，we should learn how to get along/on well with each other． 2. 句型公式：不定式(短语)作后置定语 教材原句：They were the first－ever primates (the order of mammals which include apes，monkeys，and humans) to have been cloned! 它们是有史以来首次被克隆的灵长类动物(哺乳动物的一个类别，包括猿、猴子和人类)! 英语中常用不定式(短语)作后置定语的情况： (1)被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时； (2)被修饰词前有the only，the very，the next等词对其进行修饰时； (3)不定代词something，nothing，little等后； (4)抽象名词time，way，reason，chance，ability，courage，opportunity，wish等后。　　 练透——完成句子 ①虽然大卫是最后一个越过终点线的参与者，但他并不沮丧，相反，他的脸上绽放出胜利的光芒。(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) Though David was the last participant to cross the finishing line，he was not depressed and instead，his face lit up with victory. ②约翰是第一个想到做爆米花帮助伯纳德挣外快的人。他相信他有能力帮助伯纳德走出困境。(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) John was the first person to think of making popcorn to help Bernard earn some extra money.He was convinced that he had the ability to help Bernard out of the difficulty． ③我能说一口流利的英语，而且我是班上唯一一个出国深造的学生。毫无疑问我是负责这项工作的最佳人选。(应用文之申请信) I can speak fluent English and I am the only student in my class to go abroad for further study.There is no doubt that I am the best person to be responsible for the job． 3. 句型公式：现在分词短语作结果状语 教材原句：Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic，making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire. 现在科学家们估计，该地区多达50%的人口死于这种流行病，使其成为罗马帝国衰落的主要原因之一。 此句中的making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示意料、情理之中的结果； 另外，动词不定式也可作结果状语，一般放在句子后面，且常表示出乎意料的结果，常与only，just等词连用。　　 练透——句式升级/完成句子 ①First of all，I speak fluent English.It permits me to communicate with visitors without difficulty.(应用文之自荐信) →First of all，I speak fluent English，permitting me to communicate with visitors without difficulty．(分词短语作状语) ②简气呼呼地走进森林，却发现自己认不清方向。更糟糕的是，天突然下起了大雨，使她更难找到离开这片陌生森林的路。(读后续写之片段) Jane stamped her feet into the forest angrily，only to find that she couldn't identify direction.Worse still，it rained heavily suddenly，making it more difficult to find her way out of the unfamiliar forest． 层级一　过基础——教材核心知识精准练 维度1　单句语法填空 1．The talented girl has suffered from a strange disease，but now she is under treatment(treat) and her health has gradually (gradual) picked up. 2．Buried (bury) in his book，the athlete didn't notice me when I slid (slide) into the room. 3．Sichuan Province，located(locate) in southwestern part of China，enjoys many world－famous places of interest，such as Jiuzhaigou and Dujiangyan Irrigation Project. 4．The government advocates classifying rubbish into four categories: recyclable waste，unrecyclable waste，harmful waste and other waste. 5．Some students do realize they are blessed with the opportunity to study in the bright and spacious classrooms，however，others take it for granted. 6．Feeling the depressing(depress) atmosphere in the room，my neighbour comforted me by patting me on the shoulder. 7．Now that you have done so much work，you are bound to win(win) the speech contest. 8．It is estimated(estimate) that the project will last four years，generating a lot of interest. 9．Comparing(compare) all the great people with each other, you'll find that they have much in common. 10．The scholar，who is said to have graduated(graduate) from Cambridge University，will give us a lecture about English poetry. 维度2　熟词生义/一词多义 写出加黑部分的精确汉语释义 1．She calculated that going to a stranger's house was a risky move, but she decided to take the chance.vt.认为 2．Martin would be a good judge，I thought.He was calm and thorough．adj. 细心的 3．He's just clued me in on the latest developments so I can be informed of it.vt.提供最新信息 4．根据语境选出pose的含义 A.vi.摆姿势　B．n.姿势；姿态　C．vt.造成；引起；产生　D．vt.提出 (1)He adopted a relaxed pose for the camera.__B__ (2)This could pose a threat to jobs in the coal industry.__C__ (3)When I finally posed the question，“Why？” he merely shrugged.__D__ (4)Before going into their meeting，the six foreign ministers posed for photographs.__A__ 维度3　完成句子/句式升级 1．很高兴得知你对中国画感兴趣，我写信真诚地邀请你参观我们学校正在举行的展览。(应用文之邀请信) Glad/Delighted to know that you are interested in Chinese paintings，I am writing to sincerely invite you to visit the exhibition being hosted in our school. 2．厦门大学坐落在一个美丽的小岛上，环境优美，景色迷人。(过去分词短语作状语) Xiamen University，located on a beautiful island, has a wonderful environment and charming scenery. 3．只要我们坚持梦想、永不放弃，我们一定会取得成功。 So long as we stick to our dreams and never give up，we are bound to achieve success． 4．Because I am devoted to my study every day，I have learned much knowledge. →Devoted to my study every day，I have learned much knowledge.(过去分词短语作状语) →Devoting myself to my study every day，I have learned much knowledge.(现在分词短语作状语) 5．The volunteer has a good knowledge of English，which makes it easy to communicate with foreigners. →The volunteer has (a) good command of English，making it easy to communicate with foreigners．(分词短语作状语) 层级二　过能力——满分写作技能提升练 Part 1.应用文写作提分练(景点介绍——向外国友人介绍北京) 用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。 第一步：斟酌词句，靓化表达 1．作为我国的政治中心和经济中心，北京应该是第一个去参观的城市。(不定式短语作后置定语) Being the political center and the economic center of our country，Beijing should be the first city to be visited. 2．北京位于中国的北部，是中国的首都。(分词作状语) Located in the north of China，Beijing is the capital of China. 3．这里有许多著名的旅游景点，其中颐和园、故宫和长城被视为古代文明和古人智慧的代表。 There are many famous tourist spots，among which the Summer Palace，the Forbidden City and the Great Wall are viewed as the representatives of ancient civilisation and the wisdom of ancient folks. 4．每年有大量来自世界各地的游客参观它，它被认为是世界上最值得参观的美丽地方之一。(with复合结构) With a large number of tourists from all over the world visiting it every year,_it is believed to be one of the beautiful places in the world worth visiting. 5．北京拥有一种力量，这种力量能让我们感受到中国文化5 000多年的悠久历史。如果你游览北京，你一定会对这里的一切感到惊奇。(make复合结构) Beijing possesses a kind of power that makes us feel the long history of Chinese culture over 5，000 years. If you visit Beijing，you are bound to be amazed at everything here. 第二步：恰当过渡，完美成文(请用恰当的过渡衔接词汇) Being the political center and the economic center of our country，Beijing should be the first city to be visited.Firstly，located in the north of China，Beijing is the capital of China.Besides，there are many famous tourist spots，among which the Summer Palace，the Forbidden City and the Great Wall are viewed as the representatives of ancient civilisation and the wisdom of ancient folks.More importantly，with a large number of tourists from all over the world visiting it every year，it is believed to be one of the beautiful places in the world worth visiting. All in all，Beijing possesses a kind of power that makes us feel the long history of Chinese culture over 5，000 years.If you visit Beijing，you are bound to be amazed at everything here. Part 2.读后续写之描写家庭亲情 Ⅰ.主题语境词汇 主题语境词汇 1．stun vt.　　　　　　 使震惊；使昏迷 2．stunned adj. 目瞪口呆的 3．guilty adj. 内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 4．guilt n. 内疚 5．urge n. 强烈的欲望；冲动 6．pace n.　　　　　 速度；步伐；节奏 vt.&vi. 确定速度；调整节奏 7．declare vt. 表明；宣称；公布 8．blurred adj. 模糊不清的；难以区分的 9．explode vi.&vt. 爆炸；爆破 主题语境词块 1．conflict with　　　　　　 与……冲突或抵触 2．stand rooted to the spot 站在那里一动不动 3.gain one's forgiveness　　 得到某人的原谅 Ⅱ.基于主题语境的续写实践 第一步：完成句子(已提示语法结构) 1．当我得知我儿子和他的同学发生冲突时，我勃然大怒。 When I learned that my son conflicted with his classmate，I exploded with anger． 2．他是如此惊愕以至于他站在那里一动不动，泪水模糊了他的双眼。(倒装) So stunned was he that he stood rooted to the spot，with tears blurring his eyes． 3．知道我的儿子不该受责备后，我内疚地在房间里来回踱步。 After knowing that my son was not to blame，I paced around the room guiltily． 4．我渴望得到儿子的原谅。 I had a strong urge to gain my son's forgiveness. 5．我向儿子的卧室走去，敲门，然后大步走进去，宣布我不会再像这样对待他了。(动作链) I headed for my son's bedroom，knocked at the door and strode into the room，declaring that I wouldn't treat him like this again． 第二步：衔接美文(将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇) When I learned that my son conflicted with his classmate，I exploded with anger. So stunned was he that he stood rooted to the spot，with tears blurring his eyes. After knowing that my son was not to blame，I paced around the room guiltily. I had a strong urge to gain my son's forgiveness. Finally，I headed for my son's bedroom，knocked at the door and strode into the room，declaring that I wouldn't treat him like this again. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$