UNIT 12 Section Ⅴ LESSON 3 STEPHEN HAWKING(课时跟踪检测)(学用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版）

Section Ⅴ　LESSON 3　STEPHEN HAWKING 基础知识自测 维度一 1.Cosmology　2.bonus　3.declined　4.gravity　5.grand　6.overcame 维度二 1.theoretically　2.influential　3.argument　4.completely 维度三 1.In spite of　2.be dedicated to　3.came up　4.figure out 5.range from　6.all at once　7.was diagnosed with 8.is designed to 维度四 1.in spite of　2.As the sun set　3.on the decline 4.overcome difficulties 素养能力提升 Ⅰ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能在各行业的广泛应用。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，生成式人工智能工具的一个关键应用是为商业目的创作内容。 2.C　推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句可推知，专业人士和普通公众对人工智能的影响持有不同的观点。 3.C　推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句和最后一段第二句可推知，要让人工智能产生积极的社会影响，就需要平衡人工智能的创新与伦理问题的解决方案，这至关重要。 4.A　标题归纳题。文章既阐述了2024年人工智能的发展和应用进展，也提及了面临的挑战。A项（2024年的人工智能：进展与挑战）可作本文最佳标题。 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能技术如何用于黄蜂检测。 5.A　段落大意题。第三段第一句介绍了VespAI这一系统的设计；第二、三句介绍了VespAI的操作过程。 6.B　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的rather than以及其后的or accidental arrivals可知，亚洲黄蜂可能已经在英国建立了一个持久的家园，而不仅仅是短暂或意外的到来。transient意为“短暂的，暂时的”。 7.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，Dr.Thomas认为VespAI系统是可靠的。由此推断，Dr.Thomas认为VespAI将对人们应对黄蜂侵袭起到帮助作用。 8.C　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了人工智能科技如何应用于黄蜂探测。C项（人工智能技术增强黄蜂检测）适合作文章最佳标题。 Ⅱ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了钟先生在景泰蓝艺术领域的奋斗历程。 9.A　根据空后的at the China National Arts and Crafts Museum in Beijing可知，钟先生在博物馆举办展览，展示了一件景泰蓝器皿。 10.D　参见上题解析。 11.B　根据空后的limited可知，起初进入景泰蓝世界时，钟先生对这门工艺的了解是有限的。 12.C　根据空后的new inheritors of the art form who could design and craft art pieces可知，北京珐琅厂正在积极寻找新的继承人。 13.A　根据空前的art pieces以及空后的market demands可知，这些艺术品需符合市场需求。 14.B　根据空后的for drawing， Zhong applied for and was accepted可知，钟先生因为对绘画的热爱而报名。 15.D　根据空后的with over 1，800 employees可推知，当时工厂处于繁荣时期。 16.D　根据空前的lively和空后的creativity and productivity可知，此处指营造了活跃的氛围。 17.C　根据句首的However可知，此处表示转折，说明发生了显著变化。 18.B　根据下句中的many artisans decided to leave the factory可知，景泰蓝出口状况变差，令人沮丧。 19.B　根据空前的seek better可知，工匠们决定离开工厂，在别处寻找更好的机会。 20.A　根据空前的Zhong remained和空后的to jingtailan可知，钟先生对景泰蓝有情感依赖。 21.C　根据空前的the path to survival和空后的the opportunities of the times可知，生存之道在于抓住机会。 22.A　根据空后的his career to exploring and innovating this art form以及下文的描述可知，他献身于这门艺术。 23.D　根据空后的he made a great difference可知，他的努力取得了成果。 Ⅲ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国非物质文化遗产的传承。 24.to　考查介词。the entry to ...是固定搭配，意为“……的入口；……的途径”。故填to。 25.which　考查关系代词。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是calligraphy，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语。故填which。 26.historical　考查词形转换。空后为名词短语figures’ moral features，空处应用形容词作定语。故填historical。 27.recognition　考查词形转换。earn为及物动词，应用名词作宾语。故填recognition。 28.was　考查时态和主谓一致。once提示是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时；主语what指代的内容为单数。故填was。 29.a　考查冠词。take ... as a representative example为固定表达，且representative的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 30.centuries　考查名词复数。twelve表示空处应用名词复数形式。故填centuries。 31.rooted　考查非谓语动词。be rooted in表示“扎根于”，此处rooted为过去分词作后置定语修饰craftsmanship。故填rooted。 32.being inherited　考查非谓语动词。be worthy of doing是固定结构，此处inherit与they为被动关系，应用动词-ing形式的被动语态。故填being inherited。 33.or　考查连词。whether ...or ...是固定搭配，表示“无论是……还是……”。故填or。 Ⅳ. 　　Born into a teacher’s family on 7 November 1867， in Poland， Madame Curie was one of the greatest physicists.Ever since middle school， she had had a great gift for physics.In 1891， she went to study in Paris University， where she lived a simple life.However， she worked very hard， and she graduated from Paris University with honours. 　　Madame Curie devoted all her life to her research.She was not only the founder of Curie Institute， but also the discoverer of the radioactive matter — Ra.In 1903， she and her husband were given the Nobel Prize for Physics.She received a second Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1911， making her the first scientist to win two Nobel Prizes. 　　Madame Curie was one of the greatest scientists who made great contributions to the whole world.She set a good example to us， and all people show great respect to her. 5 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Section Ⅴ　LESSON 3　STEPHEN HAWKING 维度一：品句填词 1.　　　　　　　　 （宇宙学） is the study of the origin and nature of the universe. 2.Being able to walk to work is an added 　　　　　（意外收获） of the new job. 3.The number of tourists to the resort 　　　　　（减少） by 10% last year. 4.When there is no g　　　　　　， our feet no longer stay on the ground. 5.The g　　　　　　 architecture of the palace left us in awe. 6.She o　　　　　　 her natural diffidence and spoke with great frankness. 维度二：词形转换 1.He showed that the technique could 　　　　　　　　（theoretical） be used to measure the size of stars. 2.She wanted to work for a bigger and more 　　　　　　　　　（influence） newspaper. 3.His 　　　　　　（argue） was that public spending must be reduced. 4.The children have been 　　　　　　（complete） out of control since their father left. 维度三：选词填空 come up；be dedicated to；in spite of；range from；figure out；be designed to；all at once；be diagnosed with 1.　　　　　　　　 his age， he still leads an active life. 2.Contemporary Chinese educational organization should not only stress learning and research， but 　　　　　　　　　　　　creativity. 3.The question 　　　　　　　　at the meeting whether we had enough money to conduct the research. 4.It can be difficult to 　　　　　　　　creative ways to finish the task. 5.Prices 　　　　　　　　　　　$119 to 199， depending on the particular configuration. 6.Peter had been puzzled over the problem for over an hour when 　　　　　　　　the solution flashed across his mind. 7.Jane 　　　　　　　　　　　　a rare cancer， and was informed that high-risk surgery was her only chance of getting better. 8. The course 　　　　　　　　equip students for a career in computer science. 维度四：固定搭配和句式 1.She is still very active， 　　　　　　　　　　（尽管） her advancing years. 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （随着太阳落山）， the sky turned a brilliant orange. 3.Due to environmental awareness， the use of plastic bags is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　（正在减少）. 4.His story is an inspiration for everyone on how to 　　　　　　　　　　　　（克服困难） and achieve success. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2025·山东泰安期末）In 2024， artificial intelligence （AI） continues to reshape industries， economies， and daily life.The adoption of AI in sectors like healthcare， education， and finance has accelerated， driven by advancements in machine learning， natural language processing， and generative AI.A Gartner survey reveals that 80% of enterprises are now leveraging AI in some form， up from 50% in 2022， highlighting its rapid integration into business operations. 　　One of the most notable trends in 2024 is the rise of generative AI tools， such as OpenAI’s GPT-4 and Google’s Gemini.These tools have revolutionized content creation， with 35% of companies using them for marketing， customer service， and product development， as reported by McKinsey.Additionally， the education sector has seen a surge in AI adoption， with 60% of high schools in the US incorporating AI-powered platforms to personalize learning experiences， according to EdTech Magazine. 　　However， the widespread use of AI has also raised concerns.A Pew Research study found that 52% of Americans are worried about AI’s impact on jobs， particularly in industries like retail and manufacturing， where automation is replacing human labor.On the other hand， 67% of professionals believe AI will create more jobs than it displaces， as noted in a World Economic Forum report.Ethical concerns， such as data privacy and algorithmic bias， remain critical challenges.For instance， 45% of consumers in a Deloitte survey expressed distrust in AI systems due to potential misuse of personal data. 　　In conclusion， 2024 is a pivotal （关键的） year for AI， marked by unprecedented growth and adoption across industries.While challenges like job displacement and ethical concerns persist， the potential benefits of AI in driving innovation， efficiency， and personalized solutions are undeniable.As AI continues to evolve， its impact on society will depend on how effectively we address these challenges and harness its potential for good. 1.What is a key application of generative AI tools according to McKinsey？（　　） A.Automating retail manufacturing. B.Creating content for business purposes. C.Reducing educational costs. D.Monitoring data privacy violations. 2.What can be inferred about public opinions on AI’s impact？（　　） A.Retail workers strongly support AI-driven automation. B.Consumers distrust AI solely due to algorithmic bias. C.Professionals and the general public hold conflicting views. D.Most Americans prioritize job creation over ethical concerns. 3.What does the author suggest is essential for AI’s positive societal impact？（　　） A.Accelerating technological advancements. B.Implementing strict global regulations on AI. C.Balancing innovation with ethical solutions. D.Expanding automation across industries. 4.Which is the best title for the text？（　　） A.AI in 2024： Progress and Challenges B.Ethical Dilemmas in AI Development C.The Unstoppable Rise of AI Technology D.How AI Transforms Education and Business B 　　（2025·广东茂名期末）Researchers at the University of Exeter in England have crafted a device that employs artificial intelligence （AI） to detect Asian wasps （黄蜂）.AI refers to the capability of computers to learn from experiences and execute tasks swiftly that would typically require a significant time investment from humans. 　　Asian wasps are considered an invasive species， indicating that they are not native to the UK and can disrupt our ecosystem — the environment and its living organisms.These wasps feed on local insects and pose a significant threat to honey bees with a single wasp capable of killing up to 50 honey bees in a day. 　　The innovative system， named VespAI， uses a sponge cloth soaked with a liquid that attracts wasps.Once the wasps are drawn in， an automatic camera takes pictures of them.The AI then analyzes the photos to determine whether the insect is an Asian wasp or a European wasp， which is a native species. 　　If an Asian wasp is spotted， a notification is sent right away to the researcher’s phone or computer.VespAI acts as an early-warning system， allowing for the detection of any Asian wasps that may have entered a new area of the UK.Its high precision helps authorities respond quickly to follow the wasps， find their nests， and get rid of them before they can reproduce. 　　There is growing concern among experts that Asian wasps may have made a lasting home in the UK rather than being merely transient or accidental arrivals.Currently， the UK’s way of dealing with Asian wasps depends on people seeing them， recognizing them， and reporting them.However， many of these reports turn out to be other kinds of insects， which is not a very effective way to handle the situation. 　　Dr.Thomas O’Shea-Webeller， who worked on VespAI， said this new system won’t mistake other insects for Asian wasps or miss them when they come around.VespAI has been tested on the island of Jersey and will be tried in other places this year. 5.What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on？（　　） A.VespAI’s design and operation. B.The effectiveness of wasps traps. C.VespAI’s influence on ecosystem. D.Traditional wasp detecting methods. 6.What does the underlined word “transient” in paragraph 5 mean？（　　） A.Widespread. B.Temporary. C.Frequent. D.Dangerous. 7.Which statement would Dr.Thomas probably agree with？（　　） A.VespAI will help manage wasp invasions. B.VespAI requires constant human inspection. C.The current reporting system is highly effective. D.The current methods fail to identify Asian wasps. 8.What can be a suitable title for the text？（　　） A.AI Disrupts the Survival of Insects B.The Threat of Asian Wasps to Bees C.AI Technology Boosts Wasp Detection D.The Impact of AI on Insect Identification Ⅱ.完形填空 　　（2025·河北秦皇岛期末）In this June， Zhong held a（n） 　9　 at the China National Arts and Crafts Museum in Beijing and in the most prominent position， he 　10　 a cloisonné （景泰蓝） vessel called the Zun of Peace. 　　When Zhong first entered the world of jingtailan， his 　11　 of the craft was limited.In the 1970s， the Beijing Enamel Factory was actively 　12　 new inheritors of the art form who could design and craft art pieces 　13　 market demands.Driven by his 　14　 for drawing， Zhong applied for and was accepted into the program.It was a time when the factory 　15　， with over 1，800 employees and more than 200 artisans in his workshop alone， creating a lively 　16　 of creativity and productivity. 　　However， the situation shifted 　17　 with economic reforms and the once-flourishing cloisonné export became 　18　.In the face of these challenges， many artisans decided to leave the factory and seek better 　19　 elsewhere.However， Zhong remained， driven by a deep 　20　 to jingtailan.He realized that it was time for a change and the path to survival lay in the necessity of 　21　 the opportunities of the times and connecting with everyday life.He has 　22　 his career to exploring and innovating this art form， helping the factory navigate challenges to ensure this traditional art shines in the new era.Finally， his efforts 　23　 and he made a great difference to our country. 9.（　）A.exhibition　　　　　　 B.voyage　　　　　　C.debate　　　　　　D.competition 10.（　）A.influenced B.discovered C.lent D.showcased 11.（　）A.shelter B.understanding C.length D.foundation 12.（　）A.becoming B.burying C.seeking D.accusing 13.（　）A.in accordance with B.in possession of C.on behalf of D.by means of 14.（　）A.ability B.passion C.effect D.confidence 15.（　）A.damaged B.slowed C.started D.flowered 16.（　）A.race B.character C.connection D.atmosphere 17.（　）A.necessarily B.slightly C.dramatically D.typically 18.（　）A.unique B.depressing C.frightening D.annoying 19.（　）A.trials B.opportunities C.challenges D.approaches 20.（　）A.attachment B.access C.order D.path 21.（　）A.relating B.changing C.seizing D.keeping 22.（　）A.devoted B.absorbed C.owed D.lost 23.（　）A.made it B.gave in C.cut in D.paid off Ⅲ.语法填空 　　（2025·江西南昌期末）What makes Chinese traditional art precious lies in its unique capacity to serve as the entry 24.　　　　　　 decoding China’s spiritual heritage.From the flowing rhythms of calligraphy， 25.　　　　　　 embodies Confucian discipline， to the symbolic colors in Peking Opera masks that represent 26.　　　　　　 （history） figures’ moral features， these art forms have earned global 27.　　　　　　 （recognize） as cultural DNA carriers. 　　The expansion of digital museums in recent years demonstrates how what 28.　　　　　　 （be） once regional now becomes worldwide.Take Suzhou embroidery （刺绣） as 29.　　　　　　 representative example： its detailed lines of thread that often compose landscapes or poetry showcase techniques perfected over twelve 30.　　　　　　 （century）.Such craftsmanship， deeply 31.　　　　　　 （root） in China’s traditional agricultural society， reflects an artistic philosophy that values nature-human unity. 　　UNESCO’s decision of 42 Chinese art forms as intangible （无形的） heritage confirms they remain worthy of 32.　　　　　　 （inherit） by modern generations.Through innovative adaptations — whether AI-assisted stoneware restoration 33.　　　　　　 dance dramas blending Kunqu opera with holography （全息摄影） — these traditions continue proving that cultural longevity depends not on static copies， but on creative reinterpretation based on ancestral wisdom. Ⅳ.应用文写作 　　根据以下内容提示写一篇人物传记类文章，介绍居里夫人。内容包括： 　　（1）居里夫人（Madame Curie）于1867年11月7日出生在波兰的一个教师家庭； 　　（2）她于1891年前往巴黎大学（Paris University）学习，并以优异的成绩毕业； 　　（3）居里夫人是居里研究所（Curie Institute）的创始人，镭（Ra）的发现者； 　　（4）1903年她和丈夫共同获得诺贝尔物理学奖。1911年获得诺贝尔化学奖。 注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 5 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $