UNIT 11 Section Ⅵ Grammar —— 动词近义词(学用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册(北师大版)
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教辅
摘要:
本高中英语讲义聚焦动词近义词这一核心语法点,通过happen与take place、have to与must等例句对比引导学生自主发现语义差异,系统梳理“看”“说”“行”等20余类常见动词近义词,构建从具体辨析到分类归纳的学习支架。
该资料亮点在于以“我的发现”引导学生主动分析近义词用法差异,培养思维品质,通过分类表格系统整合词汇提升学习能力。课中助力教师开展对比教学,课后通过基础题型与写作练习帮助学生巩固语言知识,提升语言运用能力,实现知识内化与迁移。
内容正文:
Section Ⅵ Grammar —— 动词近义词
①It happens that I am free today.
②The sports meeting will take place on Monday.
③My father had to work when he was ten years old.
④The play is not interesting.I really must go now.
【我的发现】
1.句①中happen有“ ”之意,带有碰巧、偶然的意思;而句②中take place也有“ ”之意,但没有偶然的意思,是事先安排或策划好的。
2.句③中have to意为“ ”,表示客观需要;而句④中的must表示说话人的主观看法。
一、动词近义词概述
近义词是指意思相近的单词、短语或结构等。
二、常见的动词近义词
看
look; see; watch; observe; notice; catch sight of; stare; glare; glance; glimpse
说
tell sth to sb=tell sb sth; talk with sb about sth; say sth; speak sth; whisper sth to sb; inform sb of sth; reason/talk/persuade sb into doing sth; bargain; chat; repeat; explain; warn; remind; discuss; debate; figure; declare; claim; mention; admit; deny; describe; announce; introduce; complain; express; dictate
叫
cry; call; shout; scream; moan; sigh; quarrel
问
ask; interview; question
答
answer; respond; reply
听
listen to; hear; pick up; overhear
笑
smile; laugh; burst into laughter/burst out laughing
哭
cry; shed tears; weep; sob; burst into tears/burst out crying
吃/喝
eat/drink; consume; sip; have a meal; have supper; taste; treat sb to; help oneself to
穿/脱
put on; wear; have sth on; be dressed in; get changed; be in; take off; remove
行
walk; run; climb; jump; skip; slip; come/go; enter; move; drive; ride; fly; crawl
坐/站
sit down; be seated; seat oneself; take a seat; stand; lean
睡觉/休息
lie on one’s back/side/stomach; stay in bed; have a rest; take a nap; be asleep; turn over; rest
写/画
write sth; drop a line; draw; take down/write down
拿/放
take; bring; hold; carry; fetch; lift; put; lay
抓
take hold of; seize; grasp; scratch
打
hit; beat; strike; blow; attack
扔
throw; drop; fall
送
send; deliver; give; offer; see sb off
摸/抱
touch; fold; embrace; hug; hold; in one’s arms
踢/碰
kick; knock; tip
找/查
find; look for; find out; discover/explore; hunt for; search for; seek; seek for;in search of; search sb; search sp for sth; check; examine; test; inspect
得
get; obtain; acquire; gain; attain
失
lose; be lost/missing/gone; suffer a great loss
有
have; own; conquer; occupy; possess
无
nothing left; disappear; be missing/gone
增/减
rise/go up; drop; decline; raise; bring down/reduce; increase; decrease
买/卖
buy; purchase; afford; pay; pay off; pay for; sell; on sale; bargain; discount
存在/消失
come into being; exist; appear; survive; live; show; turn up; disappear; die; die out; pass away; be out of sight
变化
develop; improve; become; grow; go bad/wrong/sour;turn+颜色; change/change into; reform
成功/失败
make it; succeed; make progress; come true; realise one’s dream; win; lose; fail to do; defeat; suffer loss; beat; turn sth into reality
努力
try/manage to do; make efforts; attempt; do one’s best; do as much as possible
祝贺
congratulate sb on sth; celebrate; observe
敬佩/嫉妒
admire; respect; show respect for/to; adore; envy; be jealous
赞美/批评
praise; think highly of; blame sb for sth; sb is to blame; criticize/scold sb for sth; have a low opinion of sb; speak ill of
喜/恶
like; love; be fond of; be keen on; be crazy about; adore; be into; prefer; enjoy; dislike; hate; ignore
到达/离开
arrive at; reach; return to; get to; stay in sp; visit; leave; leave for
受伤
hurt; injure; wound; cut; kill; drown; bleed; get burnt; suffer from
损坏
damage; destroy; ruin; break down; crash; be broken
修复
repair; rebuild; restore; fix; recover oneself
认识的过程
feel; sense; guess; suppose; wonder; doubt; know/learn; realise; understand; remember; be familiar with; recall; recite; apply to
认为;推断
think; believe; consider; find; feel; conclude; infer
想/考虑
think of; think about; consider; think over
支持/反对
agree; disagree; accept; receive; refuse; turn down; be against; elect; vote for/against
花费
sth/doing sth+cost; sb +spend ...+(in) doing sth/on sth; sb+afford+名词/to do sth; It+takes/took sb some time/money/energy to do sth; sb pay(s) some money for sth
省/存钱
save/save up; set aside; put away
参加
take part in; join; join in; attend; compete in/for/against
控告
accuse sb of; charge sb with
救治/帮助
help; help out; save/rescue sb from sth; treat; cure sb of sth; aid sb in doing sth/to do sth; help sb with sth; assist sb in doing sth
逃避
run away; escape from; flee; hide
阻止/禁止
prevent/keep/stop sb from doing sth; forbid doing sth; ban; prohibit
对付/处理
handle/do with/deal with; tackle/overcome sth; solve; settle
效仿
copy; imitate; learn from; learn
爆发/发生
come about; happen to; take place; break out; burst out; go off; explode
安装/装备
fasten; fix; set; equip; be armed with; be equipped with
追求
pursuit; run after; seek after; chase; catch up with
建议
advise; suggest; recommend; propose
打算
plan/intend/design to do; be going to do/be about to do/will do
似乎/好像
seem; appear; look like; as if/though
开/关
open; start; set up; close; close up; end; close down
维度一:基础题型练
写出下列句中加黑部分的近义词。
1.Your answer is exactly right.
2.Please seat yourself at the table.
3.We should seize the precious chance.
4.Seeing the funny picture, the whole class burst into laughter.
5.They prepared to take down what he would say in shorthand.
维度二:语法与写作
一句多译。
1.我不知道怎样处理这份信息。
→I do not know the information.
→I do not know the information.
2.莉莉花了50元买书包。
→Lily on the schoolbag.
→The schoolbag .
→Lily the schoolbag.
3.杰克每天花两个小时做作业。
→Jack his homework every day.
→ his homework every day.
2 / 3
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Section Ⅵ Grammar —— 动词近义词
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.发生 发生 2.不得不
【素养提升·重练习】
维度一
1.reply/respond 2.sit down/be seated 3.take hold of/grasp
4.burst out laughing 5.write down
维度二
1.what to do with; how to deal with
2.spent 50 yuan; cost Lily 50 yuan; paid 50 yuan for
3.spends two hours in doing; It takes Jack two hours to do
2 / 3
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