UNIT 11 Section Ⅴ LESSON 3 WAR MEMORIES(学用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版）

本讲义围绕“战争记忆”主题，通过三个战争故事（美莱村屠杀、圣诞停火、士兵拒奖）构建阅读学习支架，涵盖核心词汇（如panic, distribute）、语法结构（with复合结构、宾语从句）及阅读理解（主旨、细节、结构分析），形成从Pre-reading导入到Post-reading讨论的完整学习链。 资料以真实故事为载体，通过分层阅读任务提升语言能力，结合战争反思培养文化意识与人类命运共同体意识，如Story B士兵自发停火体现对和平的渴望。课中助力教师引导文本深度分析，课后核心词汇句型练习帮助学生巩固，有效查漏补缺。

Section Ⅴ　LESSON 3　WAR MEMORIES 【文本透析·剖语篇】 Step One The War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.Chinese resisted Japanese army for fourteen years.Japanese army killed many Chinese people， men and women， old and young.No one in China will forget this period！ Mao Zedong， the chairman of China， led them to be free.On 15 August，1945， the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was finished， the winner is China！ The war has its own significance.It’s the sign of China promoting.It is also the mark for China to be successful all over the world！ Step Two Ⅰ.A Ⅱ.1－4　CDAD Ⅲ.1.ordered　2.set up　3.unconscious　4.stuck up 5.celebrated　6.blown off　7.threw Step Three Ⅰ.1.复合句　be doing sth when ...　正在做某事，这时（突然）……　并列 杜沙和家人正在吃早餐，这时美军士兵进村了，命令所有村民从家里出来。 2.并列句　have ...done　使……被完成 这是这个病人第二次来到我们这里，而这次他的双腿都被炸没了——他也就才二十几岁。 Ⅱ.1.Story A： The American soldiers set up a machine gun and began to shoot the villagers. Story B： Two of our men threw their equipment off and climbed out of the trench with their hands above their heads as representatives and two Germans did the same. Story C： The patient threw the watch back at the general. 2.The authors try to convey the message that war is cruel and hurts everyone，both soldiers and innocent persons. 【核心知识·巧突破】 核心词汇集释 1.①set out/off　②set off　③sets about doing his homework/sets out to do his homework 2.①are panicked　②a　③Jane got into a panic 3.①among　②distribution　③distributed food and blankets to 4.①calling　②to appreciate　③appreciation　④I would appreciate it if 重点句型解构 ①with tears streaming down her face　②with a gift to give to the host　③with a smile on his face　④With his hands shaking　⑤with her eyes fixed on the screen 8 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Section Ⅴ　LESSON 3　WAR MEMORIES Story A　Death of a Village 　　[1]Do Chuc is a 48-year-old Vietnamese farmer whose two daughters and aunt were killed by American soldiers in My Lai that day.[2]He and his family were eating breakfast when the American soldiers entered the village and ordered all civilians① out of their homes. [3]Together with other villagers， they were marched② a few hundred metres into the village square where they were told to sit.“Still we had no reason to be afraid，” Chuc remembered.“Everyone was calm.We’d seen it all before.” Then he watched in surprise③ as the soldiers set up④ a machine gun.The calm ended and panic⑤ set in.The people began weeping⑥ and praying⑦.One man showed his identification⑧ papers to a soldier， but the American simply said， “Sorry.”Then the shooting⑨ started.Chuc was wounded in the leg⑩ and almost unconscious⑪， but he was covered by a pile⑫ of dead bodies and thus， his life was saved.After waiting an hour， he fled⑬ the village.（Adapted from My Lai 4 by Seymour Hersh） 　　[1]本句为主从复合句。关系代词whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词farmer， whose在从句中作定语。 　　[2]本句为be doing sth when ...结构，意为“正在做某事，这时（突然）……”，when用作并列连词。 　　[3]句中where引导定语从句，修饰先行词the village square。 Story B　No More Fighting 　　We were on the frontier⑭ and on Christmas morning we stuck up⑮ a board displaying “A Merry Christmas” on it.The enemy had stuck up a similar one.[4]Two of our men then threw their equipment off⑯ and climbed out of the trench⑰ with their hands above their heads as our representatives⑱.Two of the Germans did the same.They greeted⑲ each other and shook hands.Then we all got out of the trench.Bill （our officer） tried to prevent it but it was too late， so he and the other officers climbed out， too.We， and the Germans， walked through the mud and met in the middle of no-man’s land. 　　We spent all day with one another.Some of them could speak English.By the look of them， their trenches were in as bad a state as our own.[5]One of their men， speaking in English， said that he had worked in England for some years and that he was fed up to the neck with this war and would be glad when it was over.We told him he wasn’t the only one who was fed up with⑳ it.[6]The German officer asked Bill if we would like some beer and they brought it over to us.Bill distributed㉑ the beer among us and we consumed㉒ a lot.[7]The officers came to an understanding that we would celebrate Christmas in temporary peace until midnight. 　　[4]本句为简单句。句中含有两个并列谓语threw和climbed out of，后面的with their hands above their heads为with复合结构作状语。 　　[5]句中动词-ing短语speaking in English作方式状语；第一个and连接两个并列的that引导的宾语从句。 　　[6]句中if引导宾语从句，作动词ask的宾语。 　　[7]句中that引导同位语从句，解释说明名词understanding的内容。 　　Just before midnight， we all decided not to start firing before they did.We’d formed a bond㉓ and during the whole of Boxing Day， we never fired a shot㉔ and they the same； each side seemed to be waiting for the other to set the ball rolling㉕.[8]One of their men shouted across in English and asked how we had enjoyed the beer.We replied that we were very grateful and spent the whole day chatting with them.That evening we were replaced㉖ by other soldiers.（Adapted from Old Soldiers Never Die by Frank Richards） Story C　Brave Patient 　　I got a phone call from the chief nurse， saying， “You’ve got a patient there who is going to get an award㉗.Make sure that the ward㉘ looks good.” This really turned me off㉙ to begin with， “Let’s clean up㉚ the ward because we’ve got VIPs coming in.” Well， the VIPs happened to be㉛ a general and a group of about a dozen㉜ people.It was this patient’s second visit to us and this time he’d had both his legs blown off㉝ — he was all of about 20 years old.When he was waking up after the surgeon㉞ had finished， he whispered， “Don’t you remember me， ma’am？” I said， “Oh yeah！” But really I didn’t because there were so many of them.The general was coming to give him the award because he happened to be number 20，000 to come through this hospital.They had this little ceremony㉟， where they presented him with a Purple Heart and a watch.As the general handed him the watch， “from the army， to show our appreciation㊱，” the kid more or less threw the watch back at him.He said something like， “I can’t accept this， sir； it’s not going to help me walk.” After this little incident㊲， I went over and took him in my arms.If I remember correctly， I started sobbing㊳ and I think he was crying， too.I really admired him for that.That was the only time I let somebody see what I felt.[9]It took a lot for him to do that， and it sort of㊴said what this war was all about to me.（Adapted from A Piece of My Heart by Keith Walker） 　　[8]句中how引导宾语从句，作动词asked的宾语。 　　[9]句中what引导宾语从句，作动词said的宾语。 ①civilian n.平民，老百姓 ②march v.行进；强迫（某人）一起走 ③in surprise吃惊地，惊奇地 ④set up 建立；竖立；架起 ⑤panic n.惊恐，惶恐，惊慌 ⑥weep vi.& vt.哭泣，流（泪） ⑦pray vi.& vt.祈求；祈祷 ⑧identification n.身份证明（文件） ⑨shooting n.射击 ⑩be wounded in the leg伤了某人的腿部 ⑪unconscious adj.失去知觉的 ⑫pile n.一大堆 a pile of 一堆…… ⑬flee vi.& vt.逃离，逃走 ⑭frontier n.国界，边境 on the frontier 在前线 ⑮stick up 竖起 ⑯throw ...off把……扔掉 ⑰trench n.战壕，堑壕 ⑱representative n.代表，代理人 ⑲greet vt.问候，迎接，招呼 ⑳be fed up with 厌烦…… ㉑distribute vt.分发，分配，分送 ㉒consume vt.吃，喝；消费，消耗 ㉓bond n.纽带，联系 form a bond达成盟约，达成共识 ㉔shot n.射击 ㉕set the ball rolling带头；开始 ㉖replace vt.代替；取代 ㉗award n.奖；奖品 ㉘ward n.病房 ㉙turn sb off 使某人厌烦 ㉚clean up 清理，打扫 ㉛happen to do ...碰巧做…… ㉜dozen num.一打 ㉝blow off 炸掉 ㉞surgeon n.外科医生 ㉟ceremony n.仪式，典礼 ㊱appreciation n.感激；欣赏 ㊲incident n.（尤指不平常的、重要的或暴力的）事件 ㊳sob n.& vi.& vt.抽噎，啜泣；哭诉 ㊴sort of 有几分，有点儿 参考译文 　　故事A　一个村的死亡 　　杜沙是48岁的越南农民，他的两个女儿和姑妈那一天在美莱村被美国士兵杀害。杜沙和家人正在吃早餐，这时美军士兵进村了，命令所有村民从家里出来。他们和其他村民一起，被带到几百米外的空地上，然后被要求坐下。“我们没觉得这有什么可怕的，”杜沙回忆道，“大家都很平静，我们之前也见过这样的场面。”之后他惊讶地发现士兵们竟架起了机枪。平静结束了，恐慌开始了。人们开始哭泣、祈求。一名男子向士兵出示了他的身份证件，但那个美国人只是简单地说了声“对不起”。然后，扫射开始了。杜沙的腿受了伤，几乎不省人事，但他被一堆尸体覆盖，幸存下来。等了一个小时后，他逃离了村子。（改编自西摩·赫什的《美莱村四小时》） 　　故事B　不再有战斗 　　那时我们在前线。圣诞节早晨我们竖起一块牌子，上面写着“圣诞快乐”。敌人也竖起了一块差不多的牌子。然后，我们的两名士兵脱下装备，爬出战壕，双手举过头顶，作为我方代表。两名德军士兵也这样做了。他们互相打招呼并握手，然后我们所有人都走出战壕。比尔（我们的军官）试图阻止这一切，但为时已晚，因此他和其他军官也都爬了出来。我们和德国人穿过泥泞，在无人地带中间相聚。 　　我们一起待了一整天。他们中有些人会说英语。从样子上可以看出，他们的战壕和我们的一样糟糕。他们中的一个人用英语说，他在英国工作过几年，受够了这场战争，如果战争结束，他会很高兴。我们告诉他，我们也同样受够了这场战争。德国军官问比尔要不要来点儿啤酒，他们拿过来送给我们。比尔把啤酒分给大家，我们喝了很多。双方军官达成共识，午夜之前我们将暂时和平地庆祝圣诞节。 　　临近午夜，我们都决定在对方开枪之前不先开枪。我们建立了一种默契，整个节礼日，我们都没有开过一枪，他们也一样；双方似乎都在等对方先开火。他们中的一个人用英语大喊，问我们啤酒怎么样，我们回答说非常感谢他们的啤酒，接下来一整天双方都在聊天。那天晚上，我们被其他部队替换下来了。（改编自弗兰克·理查兹的《老兵永生》） 　　故事C　勇敢的病人 　　我接到护士长的电话，她说：“你那儿有个病人要得奖了，务必确保病房干净整洁。”这一开始就让我很反感，“我们打扫病房吧，因为有贵宾要来。”嗯，贵宾碰巧是一名将军和十几号人的随从。这是这个病人第二次来到我们这里，而这次他的双腿都被炸没了——他也就才二十几岁。做完手术后他苏醒过来，小声说：“你不记得我了吗，女士？”我说：“哦，当然记得你！”但其实我对他没有印象，因为这里的伤员太多了。将军是来给他颁奖的，因为他正好是这家医院的第2万个病人。他们举行了一个小小的仪式，给他颁发了一枚紫心勋章和一块手表。当将军把那块“来自军队，象征我们的感谢”的表递给他时，那孩子几乎是把表扔了回去。他说了几句话，大概意思是“长官，我不能要这块表，因为它不能帮我走路。”这件小插曲之后，我走过去把他搂在怀里。如果我没记错的话，我哭了，我记得他应该也哭了。我真的很佩服他能说出那样的话。那也是我唯一一次流露自己真实的感受。他那么做是很需要勇气的，这也多少反映了我对这场战争的看法。（改编自凯斯·沃克的《心之彼方》） Step One：Pre-reading 　Wars lead to disasters to countries and people all over the world.People love peace and a harmonious society.Can you tell a war story and analyze its effect on the world？ 　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Step Two：While-reading Ⅰ.Read for the main idea Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer. What does the passage mainly tell us？（　　） A.Different war memories of different people. B.Terrible scenes of different wars. C.Cruelty of the wars. D.Ordinary people’s desire for peace. Ⅱ.Read for details Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers. 1.How did Do Chuc survived in the war？（　　） A.He fled the village before the American soldiers entered the village. B.He was unconscious and was saved by other villagers. C.He was lucky enough to be hidden by many dead bodies. D.He was spared by the American soldiers. 2.What can we infer from Story B？（　　） A.Soldiers of the two sides were eager to make friends. B.Bill was the first one to support to end the war. C.The two sides ended the war by signing an agreement. D.Soldiers of the two sides were both tired of the war. 3.The nurse wasn’t enthusiastic about the award ceremony from the start because 　　　　.（　　） A.she had to clean up the ward B.she didn’t like the chief nurse’s attitude to the VIPs C.the patient had been badly wounded D.the patient started to cry 4.Which of the following about Story C is TRUE？ （　　） A.When hearing one of my patients got an award， I was very glad. B.When the wounded received the award， he was more than a little happy. C.I often cried before my patients. D.As a nurse， I rarely showed my real emotion to the patients. Ⅲ.Read for the structure Read the passage again and fill in the blanks. Step Three：Post-reading Ⅰ.长难句分析 1.He and his family were eating breakfast when the American soldiers entered the village and ordered all civilians out of their homes. 句式分析：此句是一个　　　　，句中含有固定句式　　　　　　　　　　　　，表示“　　　　　　　　　　　　　　”，when用作　　　　连词。 自主翻译：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2.It was this patient’s second visit to us and this time he’d had both his legs blown off — he was all of about 20 years old. 句式分析：此句是由and连接的　　　　，第二个分句中的had both his legs blown off是　　　　　　 结构，意为“　　　　　　”。 自主翻译：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅱ.讨论 1.What is the turning point of each story？ Story A：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Story B：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Story C：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2.What does the author of each story try to convey？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 核心词汇集释 1.set up 建立；竖立；架起 教材原句　Then he watched in surprise as the soldiers set up a machine gun. 之后他惊讶地发现士兵们竟架起了机枪。 【用法】 set off 动身，出发；（使）爆炸；引起 set off/set out （for） 出发/动身（去）…… set about doing sth＝set out to do sth 着手/开始做某事 【佳句】　Tom and his friends decided to set up a lemonade stand in front of his house.At first， they had no customers， but after putting up a colorful sign， they attracted many people.（动作描写） 汤姆和他的朋友们决定在他家门前设立一个柠檬水摊位。刚开始，他们没有顾客，但在挂上彩色的招牌后，他们吸引了许多人。 【练透】　用set的相关短语填空 ①At 8：00 am，we gathered at the foot of Daqing Mountain and 　　　　　　for the top in high spirits. ②The event has 　　　　　　　　a chain reaction in the international money market. 【写美】　完成句子 ③He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　after supper every day. 他每天晚饭后开始做作业。 2.panic n.惊恐，惶恐，惊慌vi.& vt.（使）惊慌，惊慌失措 教材原句　The calm ended and panic set in. 平静结束了，恐慌开始了。 【用法】 （1）get into a panic　　　　陷入恐慌 in （a） panic 惊慌失措地 in a state of panic 在恐慌中 （2）panic sb into doing sth 使某人因惊慌而做某事 【佳句】　Anna felt panicked when she couldn’t find her younger brother.She searched everywhere， calling his name. （心理、动作描写） 当安娜找不到她的小弟弟时，她感到非常慌张。她到处寻找，喊着他的名字。 【点津】　panic的过去式和过去分词均是panicked，现在分词是panicking。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Shoppers 　　　　　　　　（panic） into buying things they don’t need. ②When the building caught fire， people inside it got into 　　　　panic. 【写美】　完成句子 ③　　　　　　　　　　， and her heart beat so violently that she felt nearly choked. 简陷入恐慌，她的心跳如此剧烈，她感觉快要窒息了。 （心理描写） 3.distribute vt.分发，分配，分送；分布 教材原句　Bill distributed the beer among us and we consumed a lot. 比尔把啤酒分给大家，我们喝了很多。 【用法】 （1）distribute sth to把某物分配/分发给…… distribute sth among 在……中分配/分发某物 （2）distribution n. 分发，分配；分布 【佳句】　After the long wait， it was finally time to distribute the certificates to the winners.When my name was called， I felt my heart race.在漫长的等待之后，终于到了给获奖者颁发证书的时间。当我的名字被叫到时，我感觉心跳加速。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①He distributed the money they earned 　　　　　　his companions. ②Pines have a very wide 　　　　　　　　（distribute） in our country. 【写美】　同义句转换 ③The organisation gave the earthquake victims food and blankets. →The organisation 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the earthquake victims. 4.appreciation n.感激；欣赏 教材原句　As the general handed him the watch， “from the army， to show our appreciation，” the kid more or less threw the watch back at him. 当将军把那块“来自军队，象征我们的感谢”的表递给他时，那孩子几乎是把表扔了回去。 【用法】 （1）convey/express one’s appreciation　 表达感激 in appreciation of ... 感激…… （2）appreciate vt. 欣赏，鉴赏；感激，感谢；理解，体会 appreciate sth 欣赏某物 appreciate （sb/sb’s） doing sth 感谢（某人）做某事 I would appreciate it if ... 如果……我将不胜感激 【佳句】　Here I sincerely express my appreciation to you for your help with my English.（感谢信） 在此，我真诚地为你在英语上给我的帮助向你表示感谢。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①I would appreciate your 　　　　　　（call） back this afternoon. ②It offers us an opportunity 　　　　　　　　（appreciate） the beauty of English and have a taste of a different culture. ③The secret to happiness is to have 　　　　　　　　（appreciate） for good things in life. 【写美】　完成句子 ④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 you could give me some advice on how to solve these problems. 如果你能给我一些解决这些问题的建议，我将不胜感激。 重点句型解构 ◇句型公式：with复合结构 教材原句　Two of our men then threw their equipment off and climbed out of the trench with their hands above their heads as our representatives. 然后，我们的两名士兵脱下装备，爬出战壕，双手举过头顶，作为我方代表。 【用法】 “with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”为with复合结构，可位于句首或句尾，常作时间、原因、方式、伴随状语，也可作后置定语。结构如下： with＋宾语＋ 【品悟】　With machinery to do all the work， they will soon have got in the crops. （动作描写） 有机器做所有的工作，他们将很快收完庄稼。 【点津】　当with后的宾语和作宾语补足语的动词之间是主谓关系时，常用动词-ing形式；如果是动宾关系，则用动词-ed形式；动词不定式表示将来发生的动作。 【写美】　完成句子/句型转换 ①She sat there 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 她坐在那里，泪流满面。 ②She arrived 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 她带着要送给主人的礼物来了。 ③He left the room 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 他面带微笑离开了房间。 ④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， he opened the letter. 他双手颤抖着，打开了信。 ⑤She sat quietly and her eyes were fixed on the screen. →She sat quietly 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 11　Section Ⅴ 8 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $