UNIT 11 Section Ⅴ LESSON 3 WAR MEMORIES(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版）

本讲义围绕“战争记忆”主题，通过《一个村的死亡》《不再有战斗》《勇敢的病人》三篇真实战争故事，构建从预习（联系历史背景）、阅读中（主旨/细节/结构分析）到阅读后（长难句解析与主题讨论）的完整学习支架，帮助学生系统提升文本理解与语言运用能力。 资料以真实战争叙事为载体，融合语言能力与文化意识培养。通过分析故事转折点（如士兵架起机枪、双方士兵停战交流）提升思维品质，结合核心词汇（如panic、distribute）和with复合结构等句型训练强化语言能力。课中讨论活动促进深度互动，课后练习题和词汇集释助力学生自主巩固，有效落实新课标素养目标。

Section Ⅴ　LESSON 3　WAR MEMORIES Story A　Death of a Village 　　[1]Do Chuc is a 48-year-old Vietnamese farmer whose two daughters and aunt were killed by American soldiers in My Lai that day.[2]He and his family were eating breakfast when the American soldiers entered the village and ordered all civilians① out of their homes. [3]Together with other villagers， they were marched② a few hundred metres into the village square where they were told to sit.“Still we had no reason to be afraid，” Chuc remembered.“Everyone was calm.We’d seen it all before.” Then he watched in surprise③ as the soldiers set up④ a machine gun.The calm ended and panic⑤ set in.The people began weeping⑥ and praying⑦.One man showed his identification⑧ papers to a soldier， but the American simply said， “Sorry.”Then the shooting⑨ started.Chuc was wounded in the leg⑩ and almost unconscious⑪， but he was covered by a pile⑫ of dead bodies and thus， his life was saved.After waiting an hour， he fled⑬ the village.（Adapted from My Lai 4 by Seymour Hersh） 　　[1]本句为主从复合句。关系代词whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词farmer， whose在从句中作定语。 　　[2]本句为be doing sth when ...结构，意为“正在做某事，这时（突然）……”，when用作并列连词。 　　[3]句中where引导定语从句，修饰先行词the village square。 Story B　No More Fighting 　　We were on the frontier⑭ and on Christmas morning we stuck up⑮ a board displaying “A Merry Christmas” on it.The enemy had stuck up a similar one.[4]Two of our men then threw their equipment off⑯ and climbed out of the trench⑰ with their hands above their heads as our representatives⑱.Two of the Germans did the same.They greeted⑲ each other and shook hands.Then we all got out of the trench.Bill （our officer） tried to prevent it but it was too late， so he and the other officers climbed out， too.We， and the Germans， walked through the mud and met in the middle of no-man’s land. 　　We spent all day with one another.Some of them could speak English.By the look of them， their trenches were in as bad a state as our own.[5]One of their men， speaking in English， said that he had worked in England for some years and that he was fed up to the neck with this war and would be glad when it was over.We told him he wasn’t the only one who was fed up with⑳ it.[6]The German officer asked Bill if we would like some beer and they brought it over to us.Bill distributed㉑ the beer among us and we consumed㉒ a lot.[7]The officers came to an understanding that we would celebrate Christmas in temporary peace until midnight. 　　[4]本句为简单句。句中含有两个并列谓语threw和climbed out of，后面的with their hands above their heads为with复合结构作状语。 　　[5]句中动词-ing短语speaking in English作方式状语；第一个and连接两个并列的that引导的宾语从句。 　　[6]句中if引导宾语从句，作动词ask的宾语。 　　[7]句中that引导同位语从句，解释说明名词understanding的内容。 　　Just before midnight， we all decided not to start firing before they did.We’d formed a bond㉓ and during the whole of Boxing Day， we never fired a shot㉔ and they the same； each side seemed to be waiting for the other to set the ball rolling㉕.[8]One of their men shouted across in English and asked how we had enjoyed the beer.We replied that we were very grateful and spent the whole day chatting with them.That evening we were replaced㉖ by other soldiers.（Adapted from Old Soldiers Never Die by Frank Richards） Story C　Brave Patient 　　I got a phone call from the chief nurse， saying， “You’ve got a patient there who is going to get an award㉗.Make sure that the ward㉘ looks good.”This really turned me off㉙ to begin with， “Let’s clean up㉚ the ward because we’ve got VIPs coming in.”Well， the VIPs happened to be㉛ a general and a group of about a dozen㉜ people.It was this patient’s second visit to us and this time he’d had both his legs blown off㉝ — he was all of about 20 years old.When he was waking up after the surgeon㉞ had finished， he whispered， “Don’t you remember me， ma’am？” I said， “Oh yeah！” But really I didn’t because there were so many of them.The general was coming to give him the award because he happened to be number 20，000 to come through this hospital.They had this little ceremony㉟， where they presented him with a Purple Heart and a watch.As the general handed him the watch， “from the army， to show our appreciation㊱，” the kid more or less threw the watch back at him.He said something like， “I can’t accept this， sir； it’s not going to help me walk.” After this little incident㊲， I went over and took him in my arms.If I remember correctly， I started sobbing㊳ and I think he was crying， too.I really admired him for that.That was the only time I let somebody see what I felt.[9]It took a lot for him to do that， and it sort of㊴said what this war was all about to me.（Adapted from A Piece of My Heart by Keith Walker） 　　[8]句中how引导宾语从句，作动词asked的宾语。 　　[9]句中what引导宾语从句，作动词said的宾语。 ①civilian n.平民，老百姓 ②march v.行进；强迫（某人）一起走 ③in surprise吃惊地，惊奇地 ④set up 建立；竖立；架起 ⑤panic n.惊恐，惶恐，惊慌 ⑥weep vi.& vt.哭泣，流（泪） ⑦pray vi.& vt.祈求；祈祷 ⑧identification n.身份证明（文件） ⑨shooting n.射击 ⑩be wounded in the leg伤了某人的腿部 ⑪unconscious adj.失去知觉的 ⑫pile n.一大堆 a pile of 一堆…… ⑬flee vi.& vt.逃离，逃走 ⑭frontier n.国界，边境 on the frontier 在前线 ⑮stick up 竖起 ⑯throw ...off把……扔掉 ⑰trench n.战壕，堑壕 ⑱representative n.代表，代理人 ⑲greet vt.问候，迎接，招呼 ⑳be fed up with 厌烦…… ㉑distribute vt.分发，分配，分送 ㉒consume vt.吃，喝；消费，消耗 ㉓bond n.纽带，联系 form a bond达成盟约，达成共识 ㉔shot n.射击 ㉕set the ball rolling带头；开始 ㉖replace vt.代替；取代 ㉗award n.奖；奖品 ㉘ward n.病房 ㉙turn sb off 使某人厌烦 ㉚clean up 清理，打扫 ㉛happen to do ...碰巧做…… ㉜dozen num.一打 ㉝blow off 炸掉 ㉞surgeon n.外科医生 ㉟ceremony n.仪式，典礼 ㊱appreciation n.感激；欣赏 ㊲incident n.（尤指不平常的、重要的或暴力的）事件 ㊳sob n.& vi.& vt.抽噎，啜泣；哭诉 ㊴sort of 有几分，有点儿 参考译文 　　故事A　一个村的死亡 　　杜沙是48岁的越南农民，他的两个女儿和姑妈那一天在美莱村被美国士兵杀害。杜沙和家人正在吃早餐，这时美军士兵进村了，命令所有村民从家里出来。他们和其他村民一起，被带到几百米外的空地上，然后被要求坐下。“我们没觉得这有什么可怕的，”杜沙回忆道，“大家都很平静，我们之前也见过这样的场面。”之后他惊讶地发现士兵们竟架起了机枪。平静结束了，恐慌开始了。人们开始哭泣、祈求。一名男子向士兵出示了他的身份证件，但那个美国人只是简单地说了声“对不起”。然后，扫射开始了。杜沙的腿受了伤，几乎不省人事，但他被一堆尸体覆盖，幸存下来。等了一个小时后，他逃离了村子。（改编自西摩·赫什的《美莱村四小时》） 　　故事B　不再有战斗 　　那时我们在前线。圣诞节早晨我们竖起一块牌子，上面写着“圣诞快乐”。敌人也竖起了一块差不多的牌子。然后，我们的两名士兵脱下装备，爬出战壕，双手举过头顶，作为我方代表。两名德军士兵也这样做了。他们互相打招呼并握手，然后我们所有人都走出战壕。比尔（我们的军官）试图阻止这一切，但为时已晚，因此他和其他军官也都爬了出来。我们和德国人穿过泥泞，在无人地带中间相聚。 　　我们一起待了一整天。他们中有些人会说英语。从样子上可以看出，他们的战壕和我们的一样糟糕。他们中的一个人用英语说，他在英国工作过几年，受够了这场战争，如果战争结束，他会很高兴。我们告诉他，我们也同样受够了这场战争。德国军官问比尔要不要来点儿啤酒，他们拿过来送给我们。比尔把啤酒分给大家，我们喝了很多。双方军官达成共识，午夜之前我们将暂时和平地庆祝圣诞节。 　　临近午夜，我们都决定在对方开枪之前不先开枪。我们建立了一种默契，整个节礼日，我们都没有开过一枪，他们也一样；双方似乎都在等对方先开火。他们中的一个人用英语大喊，问我们啤酒怎么样，我们回答说非常感谢他们的啤酒，接下来一整天双方都在聊天。那天晚上，我们被其他部队替换下来了。（改编自弗兰克·理查兹的《老兵永生》） 　　故事C　勇敢的病人 　　我接到护士长的电话，她说：“你那儿有个病人要得奖了，务必确保病房干净整洁。”这一开始就让我很反感，“我们打扫病房吧，因为有贵宾要来。”嗯，贵宾碰巧是一名将军和十几号人的随从。这是这个病人第二次来到我们这里，而这次他的双腿都被炸没了——他也就才二十几岁。做完手术后他苏醒过来，小声说：“你不记得我了吗，女士？”我说：“哦，当然记得你！”但其实我对他没有印象，因为这里的伤员太多了。将军是来给他颁奖的，因为他正好是这家医院的第2万个病人。他们举行了一个小小的仪式，给他颁发了一枚紫心勋章和一块手表。当将军把那块“来自军队，象征我们的感谢”的表递给他时，那孩子几乎是把表扔了回去。他说了几句话，大概意思是“长官，我不能要这块表，因为它不能帮我走路。”这件小插曲之后，我走过去把他搂在怀里。如果我没记错的话，我哭了，我记得他应该也哭了。我真的很佩服他能说出那样的话。那也是我唯一一次流露自己真实的感受。他那么做是很需要勇气的，这也多少反映了我对这场战争的看法。（改编自凯斯·沃克的《心之彼方》） Step One：Pre-reading 　Wars lead to disasters to countries and people all over the world.People love peace and a harmonious society.Can you tell a war story and analyze its effect on the world？ 　 　The War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.Chinese resisted Japanese army for fourteen years.Japanese army killed many Chinese people， men and women， old and young.No one in China will forget this period！ Mao Zedong， the chairman of China， led them to be free.On 15 August，1945， the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was finished， the winner is China！　 　The war has its own significance.It’s the sign of China promoting.It is also the mark for China to be successful all over the world！　 Step Two：While-reading Ⅰ.Read for the main idea Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer. What does the passage mainly tell us？（　　） A.Different war memories of different people. B.Terrible scenes of different wars. C.Cruelty of the wars. D.Ordinary people’s desire for peace. 答案：A Ⅱ.Read for details Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers. 1.How did Do Chuc survived in the war？（　　） A.He fled the village before the American soldiers entered the village. B.He was unconscious and was saved by other villagers. C.He was lucky enough to be hidden by many dead bodies. D.He was spared by the American soldiers. 2.What can we infer from Story B？（　　） A.Soldiers of the two sides were eager to make friends. B.Bill was the first one to support to end the war. C.The two sides ended the war by signing an agreement. D.Soldiers of the two sides were both tired of the war. 3.The nurse wasn’t enthusiastic about the award ceremony from the start because 　　　　.（　　） A.she had to clean up the ward B.she didn’t like the chief nurse’s attitude to the VIPs C.the patient had been badly wounded D.the patient started to cry 4.Which of the following about Story C is TRUE？ （　　） A.When hearing one of my patients got an award， I was very glad. B.When the wounded received the award， he was more than a little happy. C.I often cried before my patients. D.As a nurse， I rarely showed my real emotion to the patients. 答案：1－4　CDAD Ⅲ.Read for the structure Read the passage again and fill in the blanks. Step Three：Post-reading Ⅰ.长难句分析 1.He and his family were eating breakfast when the American soldiers entered the village and ordered all civilians out of their homes. 句式分析：此句是一个　复合句　，句中含有固定句式　be doing sth when ...　，表示“　正在做某事，这时（突然）……　”，when用作　并列　连词。 自主翻译：　杜沙和家人正在吃早餐，这时美军士兵进村了，命令所有村民从家里出来。　 2.It was this patient’s second visit to us and this time he’d had both his legs blown off — he was all of about 20 years old. 句式分析：此句是由and连接的　并列句　，第二个分句中的had both his legs blown off是　have ...done　 结构，意为“　使……被完成　”。 自主翻译：　这是这个病人第二次来到我们这里，而这次他的双腿都被炸没了——他也就才二十几岁。　 Ⅱ.讨论 1.What is the turning point of each story？ Story A：　The American soldiers set up a machine gun and began to shoot the villagers.　 Story B：　Two of our men threw their equipment off and climbed out of the trench with their hands above their heads as representatives and two Germans did the same.　 Story C：　The patient threw the watch back at the general.　 2.What does the author of each story try to convey？ 　The authors try to convey the message that war is cruel and hurts everyone，both soldiers and innocent persons.　 核心词汇集释 1.set up 建立；竖立；架起 教材原句　Then he watched in surprise as the soldiers set up a machine gun. 之后他惊讶地发现士兵们竟架起了机枪。 【用法】 set off 动身，出发；（使）爆炸；引起 set off/set out （for） 出发/动身（去）…… set about doing sth＝set out to do sth 着手/开始做某事 【佳句】　Tom and his friends decided to set up a lemonade stand in front of his house.At first， they had no customers， but after putting up a colorful sign， they attracted many people. （动作描写） 汤姆和他的朋友们决定在他家门前设立一个柠檬水摊位。刚开始，他们没有顾客，但在挂上彩色的招牌后，他们吸引了许多人。 【练透】　用set的相关短语填空 ①At 8：00 am，we gathered at the foot of Daqing Mountain and 　set out/off　 for the top in high spirits. ②The event has 　set off　 a chain reaction in the international money market. 【写美】　完成句子 ③He 　sets about doing his homework/sets out to do his homework　 after supper every day. 他每天晚饭后开始做作业。 2.panic n.惊恐，惶恐，惊慌vi.& vt.（使）惊慌，惊慌失措 教材原句　The calm ended and panic set in. 平静结束了，恐慌开始了。 【用法】 （1）get into a panic　　　　陷入恐慌 in （a） panic 惊慌失措地 in a state of panic 在恐慌中 （2）panic sb into doing sth 使某人因惊慌而做某事 【佳句】　Anna felt panicked when she couldn’t find her younger brother.She searched everywhere， calling his name. （心理、动作描写） 当安娜找不到她的小弟弟时，她感到非常慌张。她到处寻找，喊着他的名字。 【点津】　panic的过去式和过去分词均是panicked，现在分词是panicking。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Shoppers 　are panicked　 （panic） into buying things they don’t need. ②When the building caught fire， people inside it got into 　a　 panic. 【写美】　完成句子 ③　Jane got into a panic　， and her heart beat so violently that she felt nearly choked. 简陷入恐慌，她的心跳如此剧烈，她感觉快要窒息了。 （心理描写） 3.distribute vt.分发，分配，分送；分布 教材原句　Bill distributed the beer among us and we consumed a lot. 比尔把啤酒分给大家，我们喝了很多。 【用法】 （1）distribute sth to　　把某物分配/分发给…… distribute sth among 在……中分配/分发某物 （2）distribution n. 分发，分配；分布 【佳句】　After the long wait， it was finally time to distribute the certificates to the winners.When my name was called， I felt my heart race. 在漫长的等待之后，终于到了给获奖者颁发证书的时间。当我的名字被叫到时，我感觉心跳加速。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①He distributed the money they earned 　among　 his companions. ②Pines have a very wide 　distribution　 （distribute） in our country. 【写美】　同义句转换 ③The organisation gave the earthquake victims food and blankets. →The organisation 　distributed food and blankets to　 the earthquake victims. 4.appreciation n.感激；欣赏 教材原句　As the general handed him the watch， “from the army， to show our appreciation，” the kid more or less threw the watch back at him. 当将军把那块“来自军队，象征我们的感谢”的表递给他时，那孩子几乎是把表扔了回去。 【用法】 （1）convey/express one’s appreciation　　　　 表达感激 in appreciation of ... 感激…… （2）appreciate vt. 欣赏，鉴赏；感激，感谢；理解，体会 appreciate sth　　　　欣赏某物 appreciate （sb/sb’s） doing sth 感谢（某人）做某事 I would appreciate it if ... 如果……我将不胜感激 【佳句】　Here I sincerely express my appreciation to you for your help with my English. （感谢信） 在此，我真诚地为你在英语上给我的帮助向你表示感谢。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①I would appreciate your 　calling　 （call） back this afternoon. ②It offers us an opportunity 　to appreciate　 （appreciate） the beauty of English and have a taste of a different culture. ③The secret to happiness is to have 　appreciation　 （appreciate） for good things in life. 【写美】　完成句子 ④　I would appreciate it if　 you could give me some advice on how to solve these problems. 如果你能给我一些解决这些问题的建议，我将不胜感激。 重点句型解构 ◇句型公式：with复合结构 教材原句　Two of our men then threw their equipment off and climbed out of the trench with their hands above their heads as our representatives. 然后，我们的两名士兵脱下装备，爬出战壕，双手举过头顶，作为我方代表。 【用法】 “with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”为with复合结构，可位于句首或句尾，常作时间、原因、方式、伴随状语，也可作后置定语。结构如下： with＋宾语＋ 【品悟】　With machinery to do all the work， they will soon have got in the crops. （动作描写） 有机器做所有的工作，他们将很快收完庄稼。 【点津】　当with后的宾语和作宾语补足语的动词之间是主谓关系时，常用动词-ing形式；如果是动宾关系，则用动词-ed形式；动词不定式表示将来发生的动作。 【写美】　完成句子/句型转换 ①She sat there 　with tears streaming down her face　. 她坐在那里，泪流满面。 ②She arrived 　with a gift to give to the host　. 她带着要送给主人的礼物来了。 ③He left the room 　with a smile on his face　. 他面带微笑离开了房间。 ④　With his hands shaking　， he opened the letter. 他双手颤抖着，打开了信。 ⑤She sat quietly and her eyes were fixed on the screen. →She sat quietly 　with her eyes fixed on the screen　. 维度一：品句填词 1.The 　soldiers　 （士兵） fought against the enemy shoulder to shoulder in the battle. 2.People in the street 　wept　 （哭泣） with joy when peace was announced. 3.The 　 border　 （国界，边境） guards stopped me and asked to see my papers. 4.I’ve spoken to him 　dozens　 （许多） of times， but I still don’t know his name！ 5.The wedding preparations take weeks but the actual 　ceremony　 （仪式） takes less than an hour. 6.He served in the army for ten years before becoming a 　civilian　 （平民）. 7.He felt a wave of 　panic　 （惊恐） when he realised he had lost his wallet. 8.Many people had to flee　 their homes due to the forest fire. 9.She picked up a pile　 of clothes from the floor and put them in the laundry basket. 10.We stayed up until midnight　 to celebrate the New Year. 维度二：词形转换 1.The police combed the whole town in their efforts to find the 　murderer　 （murder）. 2.Regardless of what your 　greeting　 （greet） may be，it’s important to look the person in the eye when speaking. 3.It has to be the kangaroo，as it has a wide 　distribution　 （distribute） throughout the country. 4.Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to 　temporarily　 （temporary） attend a school in Brooklyn. 5.I would like to convey my 　appreciation　 （appreciate） to you for your kind assistance in my English learning. 6.In honour of Lakshmi， the Hindu goddess of wealth， people make special 　prayers　 （pray） on the first day to obtain blessings for welfare， success， and well-being. 7.Most of the bodies were badly burned， making 　identification　 （identify） almost impossible. 8.The only means of access to the building is along a 　muddy　 （mud） track. 维度三：固定搭配和句式 1.He felt more uneasy 　with the whole class staring at him　 （全班同学看着他）. 2.People were running around 　in panic　 （惊慌失措） when the fire broke out. 3.The teacher 　distributed the test papers to　 （分发试卷） the students. 4.　I would appreciate it if　 （如果……我将不胜感激） you could call me back as soon as possible. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2025·成都石室中学检测）When you think of a typical American， who do you picture？ A pretty blond white American like Taylor Swift or a handsome black American like basketball star Michael Jordan？ In fact， there was a time when the average American looked like neither of these people. 　　Back in the year 1500， the average American was a brown-skinned hunter-gatherer who probably rode a horse and wore clothing made from animal skins.Today， the ancestors of these people are broadly referred to as “Native Americans”， “American Indians” or simply “Indians”. 　　When the European settlement of North America began， there was intense conflict between settlers from overseas and these native people.In 1830， former US president Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act.This act required all Indians to migrate to the west of the Mississippi River to allow for the expansion of the US.American Indians were treated as a military “enemy” until 1924， when the few Indians still alive at that point were granted US citizenship.That was the first time that the US government formally recognized the rights of Indians. 　　While the story of the American Indians has been a sad one， their legacy is still felt every day in the US.Many US geographical names come from Indian languages， such as Ohio， Topeka， Kansas and the Potomac River.At the same time， there are many successful academics and other important US leaders who are descended （是……的后裔） from Indians.And nowadays， more and more history classes in US public schools are educating students about how Indians suffered during the settlement of the US. 　　Although what happened cannot be undone， we can learn at least one thing from the sad history of the Indians： If we want a better future， we must look carefully and honestly at the past. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了历史上美洲印第安人的悲惨生活。 1.Why does the writer mention Taylor Swift and Michael Jordan？（　　） A.To challenge readers’ ideas of a typical American. B.To support the writer’s point on American identity. C.To provide typical examples of native Americans. D.To compare their appearances with typical Americans. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第一段可推知，作者提到这两人是为了挑战读者对典型美国人的看法，形成一种反差，吸引读者。 2.How were the American Indians treated in the middle of the 19th century？（　　） A.They were granted US citizenship. B.They were regarded as a military “enemy”. C.They were required to live along the Mississippi River. D.They were asked to leave the country by the US government. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句可知，19世纪中叶，美洲印第安人被视为军事“敌人”。 3.Which of the following aspects shows the American Indian legacy today？（　　） A.Origins of names of some places. B.Popularity of the Indian language. C.Success of academics and other important US leaders. D.More and more history classes in American public schools. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段前两句可知，一些地名的由来体现了当今美洲印第安人的遗产。 4.What is the author’s attitude toward the history of American Indians？（　　） A.It should be ignored to move on. B.It holds little interest for him. C.It’s hurtful to be reminded of it. D.It’s valuable to reflect on it. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知，作者认为反思美洲印第安人的历史是很有价值的。 B 　　（2025·河北唐山一中检测） “I like pigs，” Winston Churchill supposedly once said.“Dogs look up to us.Cats look down on us.Pigs treat us as equals.” Whether Churchill’s contemporary George Orwell also liked pigs is less clear.But he， too， surely saw something in them that was lacking in many domestic （驯养的） animals， for it was they who ended up running the show in his novel， Animal Farm.Pigs， then， are intelligent social creatures. 　　And， like all animals， they sometimes fight.Some pigs tend to be attackers； others tend to be victims.Who is what depends largely on weight.Among pigs， pounds mean power.The attacker might bite， kick or push the victim.Most conflicts end in seconds， but some last a minute or two. 　　In most animal species fights would be like that.However， many of the conflicts among pigs Dr Norscia， a biologist， observed had interested parties beyond the fighters.He therefore wanted to understand the role of these bystanders in solving conflicts — and what this says about pigs’ cognitive （认知的） abilities. 　　Since there was usually not enough time for a bystander pig to become involved in the heat of a conflict， though this did occur， Dr Norscia looked at what happened in the three minutes immediately following a fight.Sometimes， he found， the fighters reconciled with each other on their own.The more distantly related the fighters were， the more frequently this happened.Dr Norscia guessed that relations between close relatives are more secure to start with， so rebuilding friendly relations rapidly is less necessary for them. 　　On other occasions， however， a third pig stepped in.Sometimes this bystander interacted with the attacker， which reduced the number of attacks coming after.Sometimes， the bystander interacted with the victim.This appeared to calm the victim down， for it reduced anxiety-related behavior. 　　Social intelligence need not， though， be entirely selfless.Pigs are more likely to step in after a conflict if they are closely related to either the attacker or the victim.This is probably an example of kin selection （亲属选择）， which favors the development of behavior. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猪打架后如何和解，这证实了猪是非常聪明的。 5.Why are Churchill and Orwell mentioned at the beginning？（　　） A.To show their preference for pigs. B.To add some related backgrounds. C.To introduce the topic of the text. D.To present their attitudes to animals. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第一段并结合下文对猪的探讨可推知，作者一开始提到Churchill和Orwell是为了引出本文要探讨的话题。 6.What is special about pigs’ fights？（　　） A.They aim to show power. B.They have audiences. C.They last a little bit longer. D.They happen more often. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，猪打架的特别之处是它们会有旁观者。 7.What does the underlined word “reconciled” in paragraph 4 probably mean？（　　） A.Caught up. B.Kept in touch. C.Made up. D.Changed in tune. 解析：C　词义猜测题。根据第四段最后两句可知，Norscia博士发现，打架者会自行和解。由此猜测，画线词reconciled意为“和解”。 8.Which of the following reflects pigs’ social intelligence？（　　） A.Offering comfort to victim pigs. B.Forming special bonds with strangers. C.Sticking to their behavior. D.Caring for others with selfless devotion. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，旁观者在解决冲突中起到了一定作用，安慰受害者，与攻击者互动。由此推断，这反映了猪的社交智力。 Ⅱ.完形填空 　　As a community worker， I came into serious conflict with my community last week， and things completely fell apart between me and my community.As a result， I 　9　 to step away from them， blocked them on social media and did my best to 　10　 about them.However， the issues continued to 　11　 me， and even had a bad 　12　 on other areas of my life. 　　Yesterday， I was 　13　 to see this community and held a 　14　 because of a major work event.I was still in fear of the issues and felt 　15　 when I first saw the people I 　16　 with.Despite all of this， the strangest but most 　17　 thing happened to me.I felt something that I hadn’t felt in a long time， peace and forgiveness. 　　At the meeting， there were no 　18　 or conflicts with anyone.It was 　19　 that a lot of people had 　20　 from the issues.I realized that there wasn’t anything to worry about anymore.No one 　21　 bad will on me， and no one was holding anger against me anymore.There was peace， and room for people to forgive and move on. 　　When you 　22　 others， you not only free them and find peace with them， but yourself as well.Now， I only wish them the best life that they can have， and the most 　23　 they could ever have.And then， I move on. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者因为与社区的人冲突而烦恼，后来再次去社区开会时发现人们已释怀。作者从中获得感悟：原谅别人时，也释放了自己。 9.A.pretended B.afforded C.decided D.refused 解析：C　根据空后的to step away from them， blocked them on social media可知，作者决定远离他们。 10.A.forget B.argue C.inquire D.worry 解析：A　根据文章首句可知，这里指努力忘记他们。 11.A.cheat B.bother C.alarm D.attack 解析：B　根据下段中的I was still in fear of the issues可知，和社区发生冲突的事情持续困扰作者。 12.A.habit B.plan C.influence D.relationship 解析：C　根据空后的on other areas of my life可知，这些问题对作者生活的其他方面产生了不良影响。 13.A.designed B.supposed C.allowed D.forced 解析：D　根据上文可知，作者和社区的关系破裂了，所以是被迫去的。 14.A.record B.position C.meeting D.party 解析：C　根据第三段首句中的At the meeting可知，作者去开会了。 15.A.ashamed B.disappointed C.excited D.embarrassed 解析：D　作者再次回到社区，和曾经发生冲突的人相见，感到尴尬。 16.A.competed B.conflicted C.connected D.communicated 解析：B　此处呼应文章首句中的I came into serious conflict with my community，指和作者有冲突的人。 17.A.wonderful B.sad C.awful D.careful 解析：A　根据下句可知，此处指美妙的事情。 18.A.movements B.achievements C.advertisements D.arguments 解析：D　根据空后的or conflicts with anyone可知，这里指没有与任何人产生争论或冲突。 19.A.impossible B.difficult C.obvious D.strange 解析：C　上文提到在会议上没有发生任何争论或冲突。因此推断，显然人们不再关注这些问题了，已经往前走了。 20.A.based on B.called on C.carried on D.moved on 解析：D　参见上题解析。 21.A.registered B.wished C.revised D.decorated 解析：B　根据空后的bad will on me可知，此处为短语wish bad will on，表示“不怀好意”。 22.A.represent B.forgive C.respect D.monitor 解析：B　根据空后的you not only free them and find peace with them可知，此处指原谅了别人。 23.A.happiness B.career C.resource D.pattern 解析：A　根据空前的Now，I only wish them the best life that they can have可知，作者如今已经放下成见，祝福别人。 Ⅲ.语法填空 　　（2025·武汉二中检测）Years ago， the authors conducted human-wildlife conflict surveys in the Xizang Autonomous Region’s counties， 24.　　　　 （locate） in the TAR’s remote Chang Tang region.These surveys showed 25.　　　　　　 previously undocumented and growing problem of human-snow leopard conflict.Next， snow leopard telephone interviews were conducted with Xizang Forestry Bureau staff， 26.　　　　　　 （result） in an additional new conflict and sighting location records.This new location information， together with records provided by other observers， 27.　　　　　 （collect） to make a snow leopard distribution （分布） map. 　　This effort greatly expanded knowledge of the snow leopard’s distribution in this region， 28.　　　　　　 remains one of the least understood of the snow leopard’s key range areas.New knowledge on snow leopard in the Chang Tang will help identify human-snow leopard conflict hot spots and influence design of human-snow leopard conflict relief and conservation strategies for northwest Xizang.Nevertheless， much field work will also be required 29.　　　　　　 （describe） snow leopard distribution in the Chang Tang. 　　Importantly， in the past few years， a number of major transportation infrastructure （基础设施） projects 30.　　　　　　 （make） the Chang Tang more accessible.This has led to a 31.　　　　　　 （great） increased number of tourists visiting western Xizang， Mt.Kailash and Lake Manasarovar 32.　　　　　　 particular.All these developments have a large potential to cause disturbance to snow leopards and their prey species， including influencing their movements 33.　　　　　　 destroying their habitat. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作者在位于西藏偏远地区进行的人类与野生动物冲突的调查。 24.located　考查非谓语动词。空处作后置定语修饰名词counties，与所修饰词为被动关系。故填located。 25.a　考查冠词。可数名词problem作showed的宾语并由undocumented and growing修饰，此处泛指一个问题且第一次提及，应使用不定冠词；previously是发音以辅音音素开头的词。故填a。 26.resulting　考查非谓语动词。动词短语result in在句中作结果状语，与句子主语为主动关系，应用动词-ing形式。故填resulting。 27.was collected　考查时态和语态。主语This new location information应是“被收集”。全文记叙的是几年前做的一个调研的情况，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was collected。 28.which　考查关系代词。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词region，在从句中作主语，应使用which。故填which。 29.to describe　考查非谓语动词。空处在句中作补足语，be required to do sth意为“被要求做某事”，应用动词不定式形式。故填to describe。 30.have made　考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in the past few years可知，应用现在完成时；主语a number of ...projects为复数名词。故填have made。 31.greatly　考查副词。空处应用副词修饰形容词increased。故填greatly。 32.in　考查介词。固定短语in particular意为“尤其是，特别是”。故填in。 33.and　考查连词。设空前后的内容是并列顺承关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。 Ⅳ.应用文写作 　　当前不少文学作品被改编成电影，有人选择看电影，有人则喜欢读原著。请你以“Film or Book，Which Do You Prefer？”为题，写一篇英语短文。内容包括： 　　（1）看电影：省时、有趣、易懂； 　　（2）读原著：细节更多、语言优美； 　　（3）我的看法及理由。 注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式作答。 参考词汇：原著original work/book in the original Film or Book，Which Do You Prefer？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 参考范文： Film or Book， Which Do You Prefer？ 　　Films based on books or books in the original， which do you prefer？When it comes to this question， different people have different opinions. 　　Some of us argue that it is better to see the film than to read the book in the original.The reason is that it takes less time to understand the whole story through a film.Besides， the film is usually more interesting， and it is easier to follow.However， others have just the opposite opinion that they can get more detailed information from the original book.Meanwhile， the language in the book is possibly more vivid and beautiful. 　　Personally， I have a preference for reading the originals， believing that it enables me to better understand the writer’s idea and not to be influenced by the adaptations. 5 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $