UNIT 8 Section Ⅰ TOPIC TALK(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册（北师大版）

本讲义围绕“绿色生活与环境问题”核心主题，构建“词汇-听力-表达-词汇句型-综合应用”学习支架，涵盖基础词汇（如environmental problems, reduce pollution）、听力理解（教材听力8.1/8.2选择与填空）、话题表达（情境对话补全）、核心词汇（desert, solution等）及重点句型（动词-ing形式作主语），并通过阅读理解、七选五练习巩固。 资料特色在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，如听力提能通过填空练习提升信息抓取能力，话题表达创设环保水杯等真实情境锻炼语言运用。核心词汇“练透”“写美”环节结合例句与练习培养学习能力，课中辅助分层教学，课后助力查漏补缺，强化知识应用。

Section Ⅰ　TOPIC TALK 听说课前清障 1.环境问题　　environmental problems　 2.例如 　　　for instance/for example　 3.水污染 　　　water pollution　 4.以……结束 　　　end with　 5.过绿色生活　　 　lead a green life　 6.live in harmony with　　 　与……和谐相处　 7.be close to 　　　接近，靠近　 8.tackle the problems　　 　解决这些问题　 9.reduce pollution 　　　减少污染　 10.fight against ...　　　与……斗争　 话题听力提能 Ⅰ.听教材听力8.1，回答第1至3题。 1.What does the first section of the exhibition introduce？（　　） A.Different solutions for pollution. B.The reasons for pollution. C.Different types of pollution. 2.What are the main sources of pollution according to the second section？（　　） A.Animals. B.Human activities. C.Natural disasters. 3.What is one good way to reduce pollution according to the third section？（　　） A.Drive more cars. B.Use more plastic bags. C.Plant more trees. 答案：1－3　CBC Ⅱ.再听教材听力8.1，根据所听内容填空。 1.Dear all， welcome to our exhibition on green living.You may wonder 　what we mean　 by green living.I’m sure you will understand this 　concept　 after the exhibition.There are 　four sections　 altogether. 2.We all know that there are 　various　 types of pollution around us， which may cause different kinds of 　environmental problems　， for instance， water pollution， 　air pollution　， ocean pollution， soil pollution and noise pollution.This section will show how pollution affects 　our environment and our health.The second section explains 　the reasons　 that cause different types of pollution. 3.The third section presents the 　solutions　 that have been taken to 　tackle the problems　， 　detailing ways　 we can help the environment. 4.Finally， the exhibition ends with 　a summary　 about what we 　 personally　 believe we should be doing to lead a green life.To me， green living is about living 　in harmony with nature　. Ⅲ.听教材听力8.2，回答第1至3题。 1.What does the woman prefer to have instead of living in a flat in the city？（　　） A.A house with a garden. B.A house with a swimming pool. C.A flat with a rooftop terrace. 2.What does the man do to create green spaces in his flat？（　　） A.He plants flowers and vegetables outside his window. B.He buys artificial plants. C.He paints his walls green. 3.What is the main benefit of green spaces according to the conversation？（　　） A.They help improve the view. B.They help the environment. C.They increase property value. 答案：1－3　AAB Ⅳ.再听教材听力8.2，根据所听内容填空。 1.What a beautiful 　garden　！ Actually， I live in a flat， but I can help the 　environment　 by creating more 　green spaces　. 2.Yes， absolutely.　Green spaces　 are very important in our 　fight against problems like global warming. 话题表达实战 　　情境一：布朗博士给同学们作了一个关于城市空气污染——雾霾的讲座。同学们积极参与，提出了一些问题…… 　　阅读下面对话， 根据语境选择最佳选项。 Dr.Brown：Good evening， everyone.1.（　　） I’m Dr. Brown and I’m going to talk about air pollution in cities — what we all know as “smog”.Please feel free to stop me if you have any questions.So， first of all， a bit of history.The term “smog” was first used in the 1800s in cities that had problems with smoke and fog. Student A：Sorry for interrupting， but I believe it was in the 1900s. Dr.Brown：2.（　　）You are right.It was in the 1900s.Thank you.London was one of the cities where smog caused big problems.In December 1952， it suffered from “The Great Smog”.It was a very cold winter， so a lot of coal was burned at home and in the factories.The problem was that there was no wind， so thick smog covered the city.Nowadays ... Student B：Excuse me， but can I just ask — did the smog cause any deaths？ Dr.Brown：3.（　　）According to research， about 4，000 people are known to have died as a result of the smog， but that number could be much higher.It was terrible！Nowadays， smog still exists， but is produced by chemicals coming from traffic and factories.However， governments are taking measures to reduce smog as much as possible.Now， let’s look at what smog does to our health ... Student A：If I could just stop you again ...4.（　　） Dr.Brown：Well， for example， factories must follow rules about what chemicals they use.In some cities， when there’s smog， people have to pay to drive in the centre.5.（　　） A.I’m afraid so. B.Sorry， I made a mistake. C.Thank you for coming to today’s talk. D.Can you give us examples of these measures？ E.Now， let’s move on to the impact of smog on our health. 答案：1－5　CBADE 　　情境二：工作结束后，Mary （M）向James （J）要一杯水喝， 身为环保主义者的 James向她推荐了由海草制作的水杯…… 　　阅读并根据提示完成下面对话。 M：I’ve finally finished my work today.James， can you give me a cup， please？ I want to drink some water. J：OK.Here you are.Oh， wait.Use this one， please. M：1.　Why can’t I use that one　 （为什么我不能用那个）？ J：I know you love drinking hot water， Mary.That cup cannot hold hot water.2.　It’s not a normal paper cup　 （这不是一个普通的纸杯）， you know.It’s made of seaweed.If you use it to hold hot water， it’ll be damaged and I’m afraid you’ll get burned. M：Then why did you buy such cups？ J：You know I 3.　care about the environment　 （爱护环境）very much.Now we produce too much waste every day.Different from plastic and paper cups， this kind of cup can disappear within thirty days outdoors and they do no harm to soil. M：4.　That’s amazing　 （这是神奇的）.Could you go to the supermarket with me tomorrow？ I want to buy some such cups， too. J：OK.I didn’t know you also care about the environment. M：Well， I think we all should do what we can to 5.　protect the Earth　 （保护地球）. J：I can’t agree more. 核心词汇集释 1.desert n.沙漠 vt.遗弃，抛弃 教材原句　sandstorms and deserts沙尘暴和沙漠 【用法】 （1）in the desert　在沙漠中 （2）desert sb/sth　　抛弃/遗弃某人/某物 （3）deserted adj.　　荒芜的；被遗弃的；无人居住的 【佳句】　The vast desert stretched for miles， with no sign of life or water in sight. It felt like an endless sea of sand.　（环境描写） 广阔的沙漠延伸数英里，眼前没有生命的迹象，也没有水源。它感觉就像是无尽的沙海。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The team wandered for days 　in　 the desert， their water supplies running out with each passing hour. ②It was heartbreaking to see the dog 　deserted　 （desert） on the side of the road， alone and frightened. 【写美】　完成句子 ③He went to the Sahara Desert last year， which is 　the biggest desert in the world　. 去年他去了撒哈拉沙漠，那是世界上最大的沙漠。 2.solution n.解决办法 【用法】 （1）a solution to ...　　　……的解决方法 （2）solve vt.　　解决；解答 【佳句】　The solution to her broken phone was simple — she took it to a repair shop， and it was fixed in no time.　（动作描写） 她手机坏了，解决方法很简单——她把它带到维修店，很快就修好了。 【点津】　solve和settle都意为“解决”，solve侧重给出一个答案，settle通常指某种争端。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Mr Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution 　to　 those villages without a local shop. ②The school advisors help you talk through your problems， but they don’t give you any direct 　solution　 （solve）. 【写美】　词汇升级 ③He always helps me to settle my financial troubles.　　solve　 3.balance n.平衡 vt.使平衡 教材原句　maintaining the balance between human and nature 维持人与自然之间的平衡 【用法】 （1）keep a balance between ...and ... 保持……与……之间的平衡 keep one’s balance 　　保持平衡 lose one’s balance　　失去平衡 on balance　　 总的来说 （2）balance ...against ...　　权衡……与…… （3）balanced adj.　　 保持（或显示）平衡的 【佳句】　（2024·全国甲卷）These developments show China’s journey towards a modern and efficient transportation network that balances convenience with environmental responsibility.　（事物介绍） 这些发展展示了中国向现代化和高效的交通网络迈进的过程，这个交通网络在便利性和环境责任之间取得了平衡。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①After balancing the advantages 　against　 the disadvantages， David wiped away the tears， and made his way to the starting line. ②Having a 　balanced　 （balance） diet is of great importance， especially for teens who are growing up. ③My suggestion is that you should try 　to balance　 （balance） your diet by eating more fruit and less meat. 【写美】　完成句子 ④To study more efficiently， 　you’d better keep a balance between learning and working out　.　（建议信） 为了更有效地学习，你最好在学习和锻炼之间保持平衡。 4.do one’s part for sth 尽某人所能做某事 教材原句　doing my part for the environment 为环境尽我的一份力 【用法】 take part in　　　　　参与，参加（活动） take an active part in　　积极参加 play a part in　　在……中起作用；在……中扮演角色 for the most part　　 多半；通常 in part　　 在某种程度上；部分地 【佳句】　By reducing our carbon footprint， we can do our part for future generations and leave behind a healthier planet.　（演讲稿） 通过减少碳排放量，我们可以为子孙后代尽一份力，留下一个更健康的地球。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The officer refused to let his men take part 　in　 the operation. ②　For　 the most part， he stayed up to do his research on Sunday nights. ③These days work plays an important part 　in　 a single woman’s life. 【写美】　完成句子 ④　Take an active part in the activities　 you enjoy where/and you can make many friends. 积极参加你喜欢的活动，在这些活动中你能交到很多朋友。 重点句型解构 ◇句型公式：动词-ing形式作主语 教材原句　Having more green spaces helps the environment. 拥有更多的绿地有利于环境。 【用法】 （1）动词-ing形式（短语）作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 （2）该用法可以用it作形式主语，常见的形容词和名词有good，no good，no use， useless等。 （3）动词-ing形式可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动词-ing形式的复合结构。 【佳句】　Cooking meals at home is not only fun but also a great way to save money and eat healthier. 在家做饭不仅有趣，而且是节省钱和吃得更健康的好方法。 【写美】　完成句子 ①　Going to bed early and getting up early　 is a good habit. 早睡早起是一个好习惯。 ②Tom is a stubborn boy， so it is no use 　debating with him　. 汤姆是个倔强的孩子，所以和他争论是没有用的。 ③　It is a waste of time talking about　 your trouble to a man like him. 向他那样的人谈你的烦恼是浪费时间的。 维度一：品句填词 1.Our beach house is just a couple of miles from the 　ocean　 （海洋）. 2.We moved into a cabin with 　electricity　 （电） but no running water. 3.If you’re away from the 　smog　 （雾霾） of cities， then the air is filled with energizing oxygen. 4.Before use， the 　battery　 （电池） must be charged. 5.Humans take in oxygen and breathe out 　carbon　 （碳） dioxide. 6.The road stretched ahead across the 　flat　 （平坦的）landscape. 7.She turned off the tap　 and dried her hands. 8.He wiped the dust off his face with a tissue　. 维度二：词形转换 1.Sunlight reflection may relieve 　global　 （globe） warming. 2.Measures for preventing and controlling 　industrial　 （industry） pollution have gradually been perfected. 3.The organisation was set up to preserve endangered species from 　extinction　 （extinct）. 4.In the future， we will have more quick 　transportation　 （transport） means. 5.With the help of our English teacher， we had a discussion and finally came up with a proper 　solution　 （solve）. 6.Besides， many parents have limited knowledge about what a 　balanced　 （balance） diet is. 7.Mrs Luhrs now edits a magazine， which publishes tips on how to buy 　recycled　 （recycle） furniture. 8.The project is aimed to make some companies reuse all 　deserted　 （desert） plastic bottles. 维度三：固定搭配和句式 1.　Traveling along the ancient Silk Road　 （沿着古丝绸之路旅游） is an interesting and rewarding experience. 2.We should 　do our part for　 （尽我们的一份力） the environment by recycling and conserving energy. 3.Learning to 　keep your balance　 （保持平衡） is one of the first steps in learning how to ride a bike. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2025·山东菏泽期末）Ben was eleven years old when he spotted his neighbour， Julie， working in her garden. He popped his head over the fence， and said to her， “I’ve seen you’re very good with a lawn mower （割草机） and gardening tools. The hedge （树篱） over the pathway near here has become so overgrown that I am planning to cut it back myself. Would you like to help out？” 　　Julie loved the idea of helping Ben and their community. They agreed to cut the hedge the following Sunday. Ben’s brother Josh， aged 8 at the time， also came along to help. All three of them tackled away at it until they reduced it. 　　They posted photos of their handiwork on “Our Malmesbury”， their local Facebook Group. The community reaction was amazing. The comments and reactions just kept on coming. The whole town of Malmesbury seemed to embrace their team spirit and felt inspired to follow their lead. Many people raised their hands to volunteer and do more to keep their town tidy. With many willing hands， their town has transformed. Before， the town looked a bit run down， but now， the place looks cleaner and tidier. 　　To keep the projects going， Ben created a Facebook page and website to support their projects. Their Facebook Page “Helping The Community Of Malmesbury” currently sits at 669 members and is a place for all the locals to share what litter picking and cleaning up they have been up to. Ben also managed to sort funding through local businesses and associations. The funding has helped them obtain trees， plants， tools， and gardening equipment. When community members plan a clean-up， they can contact them via the website to access any tools and equipment they need to complete a project. 　　Ben is so pleased that 6 years later， the clean up campaign is still in full-swing. He has just been so overwhelmed with the support over the years that he cannot thank the community enough. Their mission will not stop. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Ben和邻居Julie以及弟弟Josh一起修剪树篱，并通过社交媒体激发了整个社区清洁行动的故事。 1.What did Ben invite Julie to do？（　　） A.Mow the lawn.　 B.Cut the hedge. C.Repair the fence.　 D.Help the neighbor. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知。Ben邀请Julie帮忙修剪树篱。 2.What did the community do after seeing their post？（　　） A.They cleaned their town. B.They shared more photos. C.They embraced each other. D.They stood by doing nothing. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的The whole town ...keep their town tidy.可知，社区居民在看到他们的帖子后，开始清洁城镇。 3.What is paragraph 4 mainly about？（　　） A.Ways to raise funds. B.Efforts to run the projects. C.Scenes of doing cleaning. D.Feelings of managing the projects. 解析：B　段落大意题。本段主要讲述了Ben为维持项目所做的努力。 4.What can we learn from the text？（　　） A.No pains， no gains. B.You reap what you sow. C.More haste， less speed. D.Many hands make light work. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据文章内容，尤其是第三段最后两句可知，文章主要讲述了Ben和他的邻居Julie以及弟弟Josh一起修剪树篱，从而引发小镇居民积极参与小区清洁活动的故事。由此我们可以学到“众人拾柴火焰高”这个道理。 B 　　（2025·福建泉州期末）Singapore’s Gardens by the Bay stands as a shining example of the nation’s promise to bring nature into city living. This groundbreaking project， built in 2012， shows how creative design and green living can appear at the same time in a busy central city. 　　The project covers 101 hectares of recovered land and features three waterfront gardens： Bay South， Bay East， and Bay Central. The centerpiece， Bay South， is home to the famous Supertree Grove， a collection of gardens that reach heights of up to 50 metres. These Supertrees not only serve as sightseeing wonders but also play an important role in the park’s sustainable ecosystem by collecting rainwater， producing solar energy， and providing living areas for local high land wildlife. Besides， the Cloud Forest is a wonderful glass dome （圆顶） that houses a 35-metre-tall mountain covered with plants and an eye-catching indoor waterfall. Visitors can start a journey through the forest， learning about the local biodiversity （生物多样性）. 　　As Gardens by the Bay continues to grow， there are exciting plans for development in the works. Future projects may include new garden exhibits， interactive equipment， and better sustainability ways. The gardens aim to remain at the leading position of creative green spaces， inspiring visitors with new experiences and educational chances. 　　One wisdom from the project is the importance of teamwork between various groups of people. The Singapore government worked closely with builders， engineers， and environmentalists to ensure that the design was not only attractive but also ecologically sound. The method drove the application of modern technologies， which allow for the plantation of various plants from different climates. 　　The gardens utilize rainwater gathering， solar energy， and natural airing to reduce energy and water usage. Moreover， the project stresses the value of public partnership. It also encourages visitors to connect with nature and understand the importance of biodiversity. This has led to increased community cooperation and a greater love for the environment. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新加坡滨海湾花园项目的特点与意义。 5.What does the Gardens by the Bay project show？（　　） A.How city planners can use modern technology. B.How Singapore includes green living into a city. C.How citizens grow more plants in limited space. D.How Singapore spreads its city planning experience. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，滨海湾花园项目展示了新加坡如何将绿色生活融入城市。 6.What is a function of the Supertree Grove？（　　） A.It is home to the waterfront gardens. B.It supports the park sustainability. C.It houses a mountain covered with plants. D.It shows the high land’s biodiversity. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的These Supertrees ...local high land wildlife.可知，Supertree Grove的功能是支持公园的可持续性。 7.What is paragraph 3 mainly about？（　　） A.The project’s general features. B.The project’s basic facilities. C.The project’s important experience. D.The project’s future development. 解析：D　段落大意题。本段主要介绍了滨海湾花园项目的未来发展计划。 8.What does the underlined word “utilize” in the last paragraph mean？（　　） A.Give way to.　 B.Keep track of. C.Pay attention to.　 D.Take advantage of. 解析：D　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，花园利用雨水收集、太阳能和自然通风等技术来降低能源和水资源的消耗。因此，utilize意为“利用”。 C 　　（2025·济南期中）As climate change quickly advances， many Middle Eastern countries are making the change from oil-based economies to ones that attract people from around the world — for travelling， business， work or to live. 　　One such example is NEOM to be built in Saudi Arabia. A key part of NEOM is“The Line”， a $725 billion futuristic （未来派的） city which will house 9 million people. It is a mirrored wall-like building， 200 meters wide and 500 meters tall. To be built in north-western Tabuk Province， the project will spread 170 kilometres from the Red Sea across deserts， mountains and valleys. 　　At first look， the project appears environmentally impressive. The city area is no more than 100 metres from any point in the city. A high-speed electric public transport service makes sure every part of The Line is within 20 minutes away. Unfortunately， as in many high-rise buildings with a large population inside， a vertical （垂直的） transportation system would be needed， for it is equal to a 125-floor building. 　　The project costs also seem OK at US $55，000 per person. Let’s say this is achievable （做得成的） in a country like Saudi Arabia and only covers infrastructure （基础设施）. Even so， it remains to be seen how super-high-speed transport and most advanced infrastructure and services in the hugest building ever built can be cost-effective. 　　The Line is planned for green living. Energy comes from renewable sources， waste water is recycled， and it owns the latest “smart city” and mixed-use building technologies. Car ownership is avoided in favour of walking， cycling and public transport. 　　However， the materials to be used and the building of such a big project could be very harmful to the environment. The plan says no one would be more than two minutes from nature. But does this include the waiting times for a lift？ Without careful design， a high dependence on vertical transportation may ruin the pleasure of walkable or bicycle-friendly areas. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了沙特阿拉伯将要建设的The Line的基本情况、规划理念以及可能面临的问题等。 9.Why will “The Line” be built in Saudi Arabia？（　　） A.To take a step towards green economies. B.To attract more tourists from all over the world. C.To house the increasing population in Saudi Arabia. D.To make preparations for a project known as NEOM. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段及第二段中“其中一个例子”可知，许多中东国家正从石油经济向吸引全球人才的绿色经济转型。The Line就是这样的一个例子。 10.How does the author introduce “The Line” in paragraph 2？（　　） A.By giving an example. B.By expressing opinions. C.By providing numbers. D.By making a comparison. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的数字可推知，本段主要是以列数字的方式来对其进行介绍的。 11.What do we know about “The Line”？（　　） A.It will possibly cost $725 million to build. B.It will be completely environmentally friendly. C.It will require a vertical transportation system. D.It will be a 125-floor mirrored wall-like building. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，由于其相当于125层的建筑，内部人口众多，所以需要垂直交通系统。 12.What attitude does the author take towards “The Line”？（　　） A.Unclear.　 B.Doubtful. C.Unconcerned.　 D.Hopeful. 解析：B　观点态度题。根据最后一段可推知，作者对“The Line”持怀疑态度。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　（2025·贵州黔西期末）All kinds of pollution and waste are doing harm to the earth. 13.（　　） So everyone can do something to help the environment. Here are a few ideas. 　　Save energy. 　　First of all， turn off the unused lights in time and consider using energy-saving light bulbs （灯泡）， which can save much electricity. 14.（　　） For example， you can take shorter showers. Also， turning off the tap as you brush your teeth can save much water， too. 　　15.（　　） 　　If the place you want to go is not far away， please ride a bike instead of driving a car. Riding seems to be a better choice， because it can help cut down the air pollution. You can also choose public transportation， such as taking a bus or subway. 　　Say no to waste. 　　16.（　　） Don’t take more than you can eat. Growing food needs much work. Moreover， get long life out of things you own by taking good care of them. If something is broken， don’t just throw it away. You can try to fix it or use it to make something else. 　　Use reusable things. 　　When you go shopping， don’t use a paper gift bag， because it is not environmentally friendly. Disposable plastic and paper bags can pollute oceans and the soil. They are hard to break down. 17.（　　） A.Then use less water. B.Choose green travel. C.You should eat less food. D.Ride a bike to school or work every day. E.A reusable cloth bag will be a wise choice. F.However， small steps add up to make a big difference. G.The easiest step you should take is to avoid wasting food. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了保护环境的一些方法。 13.F　上文指出各种污染和废物对地球造成伤害，下文指出每个人都可以做一些事情来保护环境，上下文是转折关系。F项（但是，小步骤加起来有很大的作用）承上启下，符合语境。 14.A　上文介绍了节约用电的一些方法，下文举例说明要节约用水。A项（然后使用更少的水）引起下文，符合语境。 15.B　此处是本段小标题。本段主要建议绿色出行。B项（选择绿色出行）能概括本段内容。 16.G　下文指出要避免浪费食物。G项（你能采取的最简单的步骤是避免浪费食物）引起下文。 17.E　上文指出不要用纸质礼品袋和一次性塑料袋以及纸袋。E项（可重复使用的布袋将是明智的选择）承接上文，符合语境。 13 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $