专题03 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，山东专用）八年级英语下学期

专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我——生活与健康 Passage 1 （25-26八年级下·全国·期中）Staying safe is very important for all of us, especially students. We don’t need hard skills, just simple rules to protect ourselves from small dangers in our daily life. First, be careful with kitchen fires. Many families experience small fires when cooking, like when oil catches fire. Remember, never pour water on it! Water will make the fire bigger. Instead, cover the pan with a lid (锅盖). This stops air from reaching the fire, and it will go out. Also, stay calm down. If you panic (惊慌), you might make mistakes. If the fire gets too big, run out of the house fast and call 119 right away. Second, when there’s smoke from a fire in a building, cover your mouth and nose with a wet cloth. Harmful smoke can hurt your lungs (肺), but the wet cloth keeps it out. Then bend down low, because clean air stays near the ground. Walk slowly to the nearest exit (出口). Don’t run. Third, if you get lost in a public place like a mall or park, don’t run around to find your family. Stay in one place. In this way, your family can find you easily. If no one comes for a long time, ask a shop worker or security guard for help. Never go with a stranger, even if they seem nice. These simple ways are easy to remember. Follow them, and you can stay safe when small dangers come. 1．What do we need to protect ourselves from small dangers? A．Hard skills. B．Simple rules. C．Teachers’ help. D．Many friends. 2．What should we do when oil catches fire in the kitchen according to the passage? a. cover the pan with a lid        b. pour water on the fire c. calm down        d. call the firefighters e. run out fast when the fire gets too big A．abcd B．acde C．bcde D．abde 3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The fire. B．The smoke. C．The mistake. D．The pan lid. 4．What’s the theme of the passage? A．Health. B．Travel. C．Nature. D．Safety. 5．What is the best structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了日常生活中应对小危险的实用安全规则，目的是让大家尤其是学生掌握简单易行的方法来保护自己。 1．细节理解题。根据“We don’t need hard skills, just simple rules to protect ourselves from small dangers in our daily life.”可知，保护自己免受小危险只需简单的规则。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“... like when oil catches fire. Remember, never pour water on it... Instead, cover the pan with a lid... Also, stay calm down... If the fire gets too big, run out of the house fast and call 119 right away.”可知，油着火时应用锅盖盖锅、保持冷静、火变大时快速跑出、打电话给消防员，绝不能浇水。B选项往火上浇水，表述不正确。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“This stops air from reaching the fire, and it will go out.”可知，此处知锅盖盖住锅是为了让火熄灭。it指代火。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。文章开头第一句就是Staying safe is very important for all of us，并且全文都在讲厨房防火、火灾烟雾逃生、公共场所防走失等安全相关的内容，因此主题是安全。故选D。 5．篇章结构题。根据文章内容：开头第一段总述保持安全很重要的核心观点；中间第二段至第四段分别介绍厨房防火、烟雾防护、公共场所防走失三条具体安全规则；第五段总结强调记住这些方法，能在小危险来临时保证安全。因此文章最佳结构为总—分—总。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·河南郑州·期中）Children spend too much time on smartphones and computers now. They are at risk of a lifetime of health problems, such as obesity (肥胖症) and eye problems, according to a study. The study was carried out by World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF，世界癌症研究基金会) in the UK. It found some actions—like looking at a smartphone or an iPad for a long time—are among the causes of obesity. It shows that obesity has something to do with several kinds of cancer, but physical activities can make that risk low. “New technologies make people spend a lot more time sitting long, such as sitting in cars, watching television and using computers, smartphones and so on,” the study said. “Less exercise has caused a number of health problems like breathing difficulties, a racing heart, poor bones (骨头) and stress.” According to the study, 14.1 million people across the world had cancer in 2012 and 8.2 million died from cancer, but about 40% of the cancer cases (病例) can be prevented. “This global cancer burden (负担) will increase to 21.7 million cases and 13 million deaths by 2030,” it said. WCRF also says that a lot more snacks will be eaten as a result of spending too much time on the screen and not doing exercise. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What causes children’s risk of a lifetime of health problems? A．Eating a lot more snacks in their life. B．Using new technologies to work and study. C．Doing exercise in a wrong way. D．Spending long on smartphones and computers. 2．How does the writer feel about using new technologies? A．Risky. B．Great. C．Helpful. D．Necessary. 3．How can we avoid (避免) having cancer according to the study? A．By going to see a doctor. B．By doing exercise. C．By eating less food every day. D．By choosing healthy snacks. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Some kinds of cancer can cause obesity. B．New technologies will lead to cancer. C．More people will get cancer and die in five years. D．People should find more ways to keep cancer away. 5．What’s the structure (结构) of the passage? (P1= Paragraph 1, P2= Paragraph 2...) A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文指出如今孩子们过度使用智能手机和电脑，面临肥胖、眼疾等健康风险，还可能增加患癌风险。新科技让人久坐不动，减少锻炼引发多种健康问题。同时提到全球癌症负担将加重的严重问题。 1．细节理解题。根据“Children spend too much time on smartphones and computers now. They are at risk of a lifetime of health problems”和“New technologies make people spend a lot more time sitting long, such as sitting in cars, watching television and using computers, smartphones and so on”可知，长时间使用智能手机和电脑导致孩子面临健康风险。故选D。 2．观点态度题。根据“Children spend too much time on smartphones and computers now. They are at risk of a lifetime of health problems, such as obesity (肥胖症) and eye problems, according to a study.”可知，文中提到孩子过度使用智能手机和电脑会面临健康问题，如肥胖、眼疾，还可能增加患癌风险，可看出作者认为使用新科技有风险。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“It shows that obesity has something to do with several kinds of cancer, but physical activities can make that risk low.”可知，运动能降低患癌风险，即通过锻炼可避免患癌。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“This global cancer burden will increase to 21.7 million cases and 13 million deaths by 2030”可知，未来会有更多人患癌并因此死亡，所以人们应想办法远离癌症。故选D。 5．篇章结构题。通读原文可知，文章第一段提出孩子过度使用电子设备面临健康风险这一观点，后面几段分别从肥胖与癌症关系、新科技对锻炼及健康影响、全球癌症负担加重、吃更多零食等方面展开论述，是总分结构。故选A。 Passage 3 （23-24八年级下·浙江台州·期末）①Do you find it hard to say “no” when someone asks you for help? Do you feel sorry when you have to tell people that you really can’t help them? And do you often pretend (假装) to agree with people even though you think differently? If you answered “yes” to these questions, you may be a “people-pleaser”. ②Being friendly and helpful is a good thing. It helps you build friendships. However, trying to please (取悦) others without considering your own happiness can make you stressed. Luckily, there are some steps that you can take to stop being a people-pleaser. ③To start with, it’s important to know your limits (限度) and make “boundaries” (界限) in your life. Be clear about what you would like to do. You can also tell others that you are only available for a certain period of time. ④When someone asks you for help, tell him or her that you need some time to think about it. Use this time to ask yourself: Do you really want to do this? How much time will it take? By giving yourself some time to think, you’ll be better able to truly decide if it’s something you have the interest and time to do. ⑤People always try to please others because they have little confidence (自信) in themselves. They don’t consider their own need and interest. In this situation, you can try meaningful self-talk. Remind yourself that you have dreams, too. You don’t have to waste your time to do things that don’t bring you joy. ⑥Making a sudden change can be hard, so start by taking small steps. You may, for example, send a message to say “no”. Then, continue to say “no” face to face. Practice this in kinds of situations, such as talking to a salesperson or ordering at a restaurant. ⑦Stopping being a people-pleaser doesn’t mean you have to give up being kind and helpful altogether. You can still do good things, but on your own situations. 1．The writer starts the passage by ________. A．giving examples B．asking questions C．telling stories D．listing numbers 2．According to the passage, what can people do to stop being a people-pleaser? a. Set limits in your life.    b. Think after you help others. c. Build up confidence.    d. Start by taking small steps. A．abc B．a bd C．acd D．bcd 3．Which of the following best shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4．The writer wrote the passage most probably to ________. A．advise us not always to please others B．help us build confidence in ourselves C．encourage us to help people in need D．make us be clear about our dreams 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了什么是讨好型人格，以及讨好型人格的风险，并介绍了如何做才能让自己不再成为讨好别人的人。 1．细节理解题。根据“Do you find it hard to say ‘no’ when someone asks you for help? Do you feel sorry when you have to tell people that you really can’t help them? And do you often pretend (假装) to agree with people even though you think differently?”可知，作者通过问问题开始了这篇文章。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“To start with, it’s important to know your limits (限度) and make ‘boundaries’ (界限) in your life.”、“People always try to please others because they have little confidence (自信) in themselves.”和“Making a sudden change can be hard, so start by taking small steps.”可知，要摆脱取悦他人的倾向，可以设定生活限度、建立自信和从小步骤开始。故选C。 3．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段通过问题开头，讲述什么是“取悦他人的人”；第二段介绍我们要停止取悦他人；第三、四、五和第六段给出一些措施来停止取悦他人；最后一段进行总结。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Stopping being a people-please r doesn’t mean you have to give up being kind and helpful altogether. You can still do good things, but on your own situations.”可知，文章主要建议我们不要总是去取悦别人。故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·海南省直辖县级单位·期中）Kate is reading something about how to keep healthy on the Internet. ♦ Good sleep is important for your health. You need about seven hours’ sleep a night. Don’t eat or read in bed. Go to bed and get up at the same time every day. For more information (信息), please visit www.sleep.com. ♦ How often do you exercise? If you want to keep healthy, try to exercise for 30 minutes a day, three or four times a week. For more information, please call Health Line at 180-2000. ♦ Studies show that the cold or flu virus (病毒) can live on our hands for long. So you should wash your hands often with soap. For more ways to prevent (预防) the cold or flu, please call Health Line at 180-1313. ♦ Brush your teeth twice a day and see a dentist at least once a year. The examination is not only for the health of your teeth, but for the whole body. Please visit www.mydr.com for more information. 1．Kate is reading something about how to ________ on the Internet. A．play sports B．go shopping C．keep healthy D．see a doctor 2．If you want to get a good sleep, you should ________. A．read in bed B．eat something before going to bed C．get up late D．go to bed at the same time every day 3．You should ________ if you don’t want to have a cold. A．wash your hands often B．eat in bed C．brush your teeth every day D．buy a piece of soap 4．You should visit the dentist ________ at least A．twice a year B．once a year C．twice a month D．once a week 5．If you want to keep healthy, try to exercise for ________ a day, three or four times a week. A．an hour B．twenty minutes C．thirty minutes D．two hours 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了凯特在网上阅读关于如何保持健康的内容，从优质睡眠、规律运动、预防感冒流感以及牙齿护理四个方面，介绍了保持健康的具体方法及获取更多相关信息的途径。 1．细节理解题。根据“Kate is reading something about how to keep healthy on the Internet.”可知，凯特正在网上阅读关于如何保持健康的内容，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Good sleep is important for your health. You need about seven hours’ sleep a night. Don’t eat or read in bed. Go to bed and get up at the same time every day.”可知，要获得良好睡眠，应每天在同一时间睡觉和起床，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Studies show that the cold or flu virus (病毒) can live on our hands for long. So you should wash your hands often with soap.”可知，为了不感冒，应该经常洗手，故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“Brush your teeth twice a day and see a dentist at least once a year.”可知，至少应该每年看一次牙医，故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据“If you want to keep healthy, try to exercise for 30 minutes a day, three or four times a week.”可知，为了保持健康，应每天锻炼30分钟，一周三到四次，故选C。 Passage 5 （24-25八年级下·湖南长沙·期中）There are several ways you can find out about the countries and places you wish to visit. You can talk to friends who have traveled to the places, you can go and see a color film about them, or you can read a travel book. It seems that there are three kinds of travel books. The first is those that give a personal, subjective (主观的) idea of travels which the writers have got themselves. These books can be useful if the writers share their traveling experiences with others. The second kind are those books which give objective (客观的) information of things to be done and seen. If a cultured person has written such a book about the facts of a place, then it is more useful. The third kind are those books which are called “a guide” to some place or other. If they are good, they will describe and explain the place in detail. Like the first kind, they can be interesting and exciting, but their main purpose is to help the reader plan his travel in the most practical (实用性的) way. Whatever kind of travel book you choose, you must make sure that the book does not describe everything as “interesting”, “exciting” or “fantastic”. You must also keep an open eye on its date of publication (出版) because travel is a very practical matter and many things change quickly in the 21st century. Finally, you should make sure that it’s easy to find the useful information for you to travel. 1．The passage was written to introduce ______. A．travel books B．travel films C．travel places 2．The writer of the first kind of travel books gave his ideas after he ______. A．read books B．traveled C．surfed the Internet 3．The underlined phrase “a cultured person” means a person with ______. A．a good appearance B．a good education C．a lot of experience 4．You must keep an open eye on the date of publication because ______. A．the prices of travel books may be different B．the writers of travel books may be different C．the information in travel books is always changing 5．According to the passage, it is best to read ______ before traveling to a place of interest. A．the first kind of travel books B．the second kind of travel books C．the third kind of travel books 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了三种有关旅游的书籍，告诉读者要理智地选择。 1．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了有关旅游的书籍。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“The first are those that give a personal, subjective (主观的) idea of travels which the writers have got themselves.”可知，第一种旅行的书是作者在某地旅行回来后写出的关于自己的主观感受，故选B。 3．词义猜测题。根据“If a cultured person has written such a book about the facts of a place, then it is more useful.”可推测，能够写出书的，应该是受过良好教育的人，故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“You must also keep an open eye on its date of publication (出版) because travel is a very practical matter and many things change quickly in the 21st century.”可知，一定要注意书的出版日期，因为信息是不断更新的，在 21世纪许多事情变化很快。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据“The third kind are those books which are called…in the most practical (实用性的) way.”可知，第三种书核心目的是帮助读者以最实用的方式规划旅行，旅行前最需要“规划行程的实用信息”，因此第三种是最佳选择，故选C。 主题02 人与社会——人际交往 （23-24八年级下·浙江台州·期末）When I was a teenager, my parents were never interested in the music I liked. They always said to me, “David, the music you listen to is noisy. Why do you like listening to it so much?” At the same time, they described the music that they liked as “beautiful”. In fact, they are not the only ones who have this opinion. As I’ve grown older, I’ve often heard my friends say, “Today’s music is terrible.” Many older people just don’t like new music. But why is that? The exposure effect (曝光效应) may explain this. It means the more familiar (熟悉的) we are with something, the more likely we will like it. When we are in our early teens, we usually spend a lot of time listening to popular music and discussing it with our friends. We come to understand the new songs and artists during this time really well. After we become 30 years old, we are busy working and raising our families. We don’t have much time to look for new music. Instead, we like to listen to our old favorite songs that bring us back to our happy and simple days. According to studies, when we are 33 years old, most of us will completely stop exploring new music. But I think there is another reason why older people dislike new music. Most popular music, after all, is not written for them. It is made for young people. Some kinds of music began by young people as ways to fight against out-of-date things. These kinds include punk, rap, hip-hop, heavy metal and more. Younger people love them naturally. Do your parents hate the music you like, too? Now, after reading this article, you know there is nothing wrong with that. 1．According to the passage, many older people dislike new music because ________. A．it makes them upset and they don’t want to waste their time B．it sounds terrible and the songs bring them back to sad days C．they don’t understand the difficult words and hate the artists D．they don’t know it well and it’s mostly written for the young 2．The underlined word “exploring” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”. A．looking for B．trying out C．giving up D．setting up 3．What can we infer (推断) from the last paragraph? A．New music will become more popular with older people. B．Older people will try to listen to different kinds of new music. C．People will know it’s normal that older people dislike new music. D．More beautiful and simple songs will be written for older people. 4．This passage mainly talks about ________. A．different kinds of music in the world B．people’s different opinions on new music C．the great importance of the exposure effect D．the reasons why older people dislike new music 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了为什么许多老年人不喜欢新音乐。 1．细节理解题。根据“We don’t have much time to look for new music. Instead, we like to listen to our old favorite songs that bring us back to our happy and simple days…Most popular music, after all, is not written for them. It is made for young people”可知，很多老年人不喜欢新音乐是因为他们对新音乐不熟悉，而且这种音乐大多是为年轻人创作的。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“According to studies, when we are 33 years old, most of us will completely stop exploring new music.”可知，作者在这部分讨论的是寻求新音乐的时间减少，“exploring”作为动词表示“寻找”的意思。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“Now, after reading this article, you know there is nothing wrong with that.”以及之前的内容分析可知，许多人会理解年长者不喜欢新音乐是正常现象。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要分析了为什么许多年长的人不喜欢新音乐的原因。故选D。 人与社会——文化 Passage 1 （23-24八年级下·四川眉山·期中） What do you think will happen when the traditional culture meets modern technology? Yes, the words become lively characters at once. How happy it is to enjoy these Chinese cartoons! Ma Liang is a poor boy who loves painting. He always uses his magic brush to fight against the bad people in the village. The cartoon The Magic Brush came out in 1955. A group of tadpoles (蝌蚪) are born. They try to find their mother that they have never seen. The story is very easy, but it needs complex technology to show the artistic style of ink painting. Little Tadpole Looking for Mom came out in 1961 first. The Monkey King: Uproar in Heaven (1961-1964) is China’s first color cartoon. It is from the Chinese novel (小说) Journey to the West. It’s successful. Not only we, but also many westerners like the monkey Sun Wukong. To beat two bad persons, an old man grows 7 calabashes (葫芦), and they change into 7 boys. They try their best to beat the bad. Calabash Brothers (1986) is a masterpiece (杰作) of Chinese paper-cutting art. 1．The underlined word “complex” in the passage means _______ in Chinese. A．重复的 B．完全的 C．冗长的 D．复杂的 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Sun Wukong is a well-known character all over the world. B．All the four cartoons are from Japanese folk stories. C．Little Tadpole Looking for Mom came out in 1964. D．The Magic Brush is the newest cartoon among the four cartoons. 3．In which part of the newspaper can we read the passage? A．Education B．Science C．Culture D．Fashion 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文介绍了四个不同风格的艺术形象，说明了传统文化与现代技术相结合，能够让简单的文字变成生动的人物形象。 1．词句猜测题。根据“The story is very easy, but it needs complex technology to show the artistic style of ink painting.”可知，故事很简单，但要表现水墨画的艺术风格，需要……技术。前后句意表转折，所以是复杂的技术，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Not only we, but also many westerners like the monkey Sun Wukong.”可知，不仅我们，而且许多西方人都喜欢孙悟空，所以孙悟空是一个举世闻名的人物。故选A。 3．推理判断题。本文用四个不同风格的艺术形象，说明了传统文化与现代技术相结合，能够让简单的文字变成生动的人物形象。所以推测可能在文化部分看到这篇文章，故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·广东广州·期中）In China, tea-making is practiced by a large number of people. Let’s meet two tea makers with different ways of working. Master Li, aged 65, Traditional Tea Maker in Hangzhou Type of tea: Longjing tea Tools: iron pot and wooden boxes Steps: 1) hand-pick leaves; 2) cook in an iron pot for hours; 3) dry in wooden boxes. Time: one whole day “The secret,” he says, “is waiting for the right moment. Too much heat makes the taste bad.” For Master Li, the most important thing is his hand skills. Ms. Chen, aged 32, Modern Tea Maker in Fujian Type of tea: Tieguanyin teaTools: metal boxes and machines Steps: 1) machines control temperature; 2) hand-turn leaves; 3) final hand-shaping. Time: a few hours “Machines are helpful, but the heart of tea comes from old ways,” she says. “We young people must change, but remember the past.” 1．According to Master Li, what’s the key for making good tea? A．Waiting patiently for drying. B．Choosing the best tea leaves. C．Using machines to control heat. D．Using his hands for time and heat. 2．What can be the advantage of modern tea-making? A．Better drinking experience. B．Easily found and used tools. C．Less challenging for beginners. D．More attention from the society. 3．What do both tea makers agree on? A．Machines are better than hand skills. B．Young people must learn modern skills. C．Old tea-making ways should be remembered. D．Tea taste mostly depends on the quality of tools. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国制茶人群广泛，并通过表格形式呈现了杭州传统制茶师傅李师傅和福建现代制茶师傅陈女士的不同制茶方式。 1．细节理解题。根据“Master Li... ‘The secret,’ he says, ‘is waiting for the right moment. Too much heat makes the taste bad.’ For Master Li, the most important thing is his hand skills.”可知，李师傅认为制作好茶的关键是凭借手工把控时机和火候，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Ms. Chen... Tools: metal boxes and machines... Steps: 1) machines control temperature; 2) hand-turn leaves; 3) final hand-shaping. Time: a few hours”可知，现代制茶使用机器控制温度，步骤相对简化且耗时短，对初学者而言挑战更小，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Master Li... For Master Li, the most important thing is his hand skills.”以及“Ms. Chen... ‘Machines are helpful, but the heart of tea comes from old ways,’ she says. ‘We young people must change, but remember the past.’”可知，李师傅重视传统手工技艺，陈女士认为茶的核心源于传统方式，要铭记过去，两位制茶师傅都认同应记住传统制茶方法，故选C。 主题03 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26八年级下·全国·期中）The Dead Sea is one of the most unusual and fascinating natural places on our planet. Unlike common seas that teem with fish and sea plants, it has almost no living things. This is where its name the “Dead Sea” comes from. Geographically, it is located between Jordan (约旦) and Israel (以色列), in the dry part of the Middle East. It’s surrounded by rocky hills. That adds to its unique landscape. Covering an area of about 605 square kilometers, the Dead Sea’s size isn’t always the same. It changes slightly each year. This is mainly because of changes in rainfall; less rain means less water flowing into the sea. And also because towns and farms near it need more and more water. It is about 1,000 feet (英尺) deep. The deepest part of the Dead Sea is about 1,300 feet, making it one of the deepest salty lakes in the world. The Dead Sea has a high salt level, about 8 times saltier than the ocean. This high salt content (高盐分含量) creates strong buoyancy (浮力), letting people float (漂浮) easily on its surface even if they can’t swim. For many years, this special character has attracted millions of visitors from all over the world. Some come to experience the fun of floating. Sadly, the Dead Sea is facing a big problem: It is becoming smaller and smaller. Every year, its surface level drops a little. Protecting this natural wonder has become more important than ever. 1．Where is the Dead Sea located? A．Between Jordan and Israel. B．Between China and Japan. C．Between Canada and the US. D．Between France and Germany. 2．What is the size of the Dead Sea covering? A．About 605 square kilometers. B．About 1,000 square kilometers. C．About 1,300 square kilometers. D．About 1,500 square kilometers. 3．Why can people float easily on the Dead Sea? A．Because it kills people. B．Because it holds dead people. C．Because it has many plants in the water. D．Because it has a surprisingly high salt level. 4．Why do many visitors come to the Dead Sea? A．To fish in its water. B．To grow plants. C．To float and relax. D．To protect the Dead Sea. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．The location of the Dead Sea B．The reasons for people floating C．The ways to protect the Dead Sea D．Knowing about the Dead Sea 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了死海的地理位置、面积规模、高盐度的特点以及它目前面临的面积缩小问题，展现了这一自然奇观的独特之处与现状。 1．细节理解题。根据文中“Geographically, it is located between Jordan (约旦) and Israel (以色列), in the dry part of the Middle East.”可知，死海位于约旦和以色列之间。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文中“Covering an area of about 605 square kilometers, the Dead Sea’s size isn’t always the same.”可知，死海的面积约为605平方千米。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文中“The Dead Sea has a high salt level, about 8 times saltier than the ocean. This high salt content (高盐分含量) creates strong buoyancy (浮力), letting people float (漂浮) easily on its surface even if they can’t swim.”可知，死海极高的含盐量产生了强大的浮力，所以人们能轻松漂浮。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据文中“For many years, this special character has attracted millions of visitors from all over the world. Some come to experience the fun of floating.”可知，游客来死海是为了体验漂浮的乐趣、放松身心。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文，文章依次介绍了死海的位置、面积、高盐度特点以及面临的问题，整体是对死海的全面介绍。D选项“了解死海”能概括全文内容。故选D。 Passage 2 （23-24八年级下·浙江台州·期末）Natural disasters are sudden events that usually bring terrible results. People may lose their homes, money and even lives during the disasters. We have recently found that natural disasters sometimes happen. So we decided to find out some famous natural disasters around the world. Hurricanes (飓风) are very dangerous storms with strong winds. The worst Atlantic hurricane in history was the Great Hurricane from October 10th to16th in 1780. When a volcano (火山) happens, it throws hot liquid (液体) rock and gases into the air through the hole at the top. On August 26th, 1883, Earth made the loudest sound from the island of Krakatoa. On November 1st, 1755, an earthquake (地震) hit Lisbon, in Portugal. The ground moved for ten minutes. The earthquake broke most of the buildings in a city apart. On December 28th, 1908, a tsunami (海啸) hit Messina. in Italy. The huge wall of seawater was about ten meters high. How high do you think the seawater is in this picture? 1．How many kinds of natural disasters are mentioned (提到) in the text? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．A tsunami hit Messina, in Italy on August 26th, 1883. B．An earthquake hit Lisbon, in Portugal on November 1st,1755. C．An earthquake made the loudest sound from the island of Krakatoa. D．The Great Hurricane in 1780 was the worst Pacific hurricane in history. 3．We most probably read the text at ________. A．www. Fisu. com/sports/ B．www.bbcamerica.com/movies/ C．www.worldgeography.com/nature/ D．www.chinahighlights.com/greatwall/ 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了自然灾害带来的危害并列举了一些世界各地著名的自然灾害。 1．细节理解题。根据“Hurricanes (飓风) are very dangerous storms with strong winds.”“When a volcano (火山) happens,”“an earthquake (地震) hit Lisbon,”及“a tsunami (海啸) hit Messina.”可知，本文提到了四种自然灾害。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“On November 1st, 1755, an earthquake (地震) hit Lisbon”可知，1755年11月1日，Lisbon发生了地震。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“Natural disasters are sudden events that usually bring terrible results.”及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了几种自然灾害，故推出本文应出自世界地理网站上自然版块。故选C。 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·重庆大足·期中）①Today, young people spend about six hours a day in front of a TV or a computer and less than four minutes playing outdoors (户外). It is not healthy for people’s mind and body when they spend more time playing with their computers or watching TV but not outdoors. ②Some health experts call green time “vitamin G”. Kids who don’t get outdoors much seem to have trouble in school, because being outdoors excites the mind more than sitting around indoors. Even people who usually spend a lot of time outdoors find a difference when they don’t get green time. Some people say, “I feel more tired when I don’t get outdoors.” ③Experts believe the good things of green time come from the outdoor activities such as running or boating. Exercise makes something special in brain. It can improve learning, feeling, and sleep. It also helps with learning by increasing (提升) connections (联系) between nerve cells (神经细胞). They are very important for learning and memory. Some schools have classes outside for those reasons. Mary Smith, a middle school student, says she believes the outdoor activities help her think and make her learn more carefully. Learning in a forest helps her become more interesting in art, too. ④And even doctors give their patients (病人) some vitamin G to help them to get better. Miller writes “park prescriptions (处方)” for her patients because she says, “Being outdoors is good for health.” She finds that when she gives patients park prescriptions, they seem to continue with them. ⑤Getting outdoors can be simple, just like calling together your family to go for a walk. All it takes is five minutes or more of green time: Get outside, and get your vitamin G! 1．Which of the following activity is an example of “vitamin G”? A．Watching TV at home. B．Reading books in the library. C．Walking in a park. D．Studying in the classroom. 2．Experts and doctors may agree that _______. A．kids without green time are easy to have trouble in school B．people who get outdoors a lot may feel the same indoors C．exercise improves learning by increasing the number of cells D．vitamin G is not helpful for many patients 3．The writer writes the passage in order to _______. A．ask people to eat more vitamins to keep healthy B．make people to buy vitamin G as much as possible C．tell people to get less green time and stay at home more D．encourage (鼓励) people to do more activities outside. 4．What is the best structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，聚焦当下年轻人户外活动时间少的现状，引入“绿色时间”概念并将其类比为“维生素 G”，阐述户外时间不足对学习、精神状态的不良影响；接着从专家研究、学校实践、医生处方等角度，说明户外活动（如跑步、划船等）能通过促进大脑神经细胞连接，改善学习、情绪、睡眠，助力健康与康复；最后呼吁人们走出户外，哪怕短暂接触自然，获取“维生素 G”，鼓励大家增加户外活动。 1．细节理解题。根据“Some health experts call green time ‘vitamin G’... Experts believe the good things of green time come from the outdoor activity such as running or boating.”可知，文中把户外活动时间类比成 “vitamin G”，“Walking in a park” 属于户外活动。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Kids who don’t get outdoors much seem to have trouble in school, because being outdoors excites the mind more than sitting around indoors.” 可知，专家们和医生们可能会同意户外时间少的孩子在学校易遇困难这一观点。故选A。 3．推理判断题。文章围绕户外“绿色时间”对身心的益处展开，从现状、原理到呼吁，由此推断本文的目的是鼓励人们多进行户外活动。故选D。 4．篇章结构题。文章①段引出年轻人户外活动少及不良影响，提出“绿色时间”概念；②③段从专家观点、学校实践等，讲户外活动对学习、大脑的积极作用；④段借医生开“公园处方”说明户外对健康康复的助力；⑤段总结呼吁大家走出户外。整体是“总起→多方面阐述益处→呼吁行动”结构，对应D选项。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·广东广州·期中）Your sleep position may be more revealing (暴露的) than you think, according to a surprising new study. You don’t show your secret personality (性格) when you’re awake because you can control yourself, but when you’re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, you often change your sleeping positions. The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep. If you curl up (蜷缩) in a ball when you sleep, you are not alone. Over half of people in the study curl up into the position when they hit the sheets. They have a low opinion of themselves and often protect themselves from being hurt. They’re shy and they don’t usually like meeting people. They like to be on their own. Do you sleep straight, with arms at your sides? If you sleep on your side, you know your strengths and weaknesses. You’re usually careful. You sometimes feel worried, but you don’t often get unhappy. You always say what you think, even if it makes people angry. If people reach for the stars, with outstretched (伸展的) arms, they are yearners. They are people who get up in the morning with an excitement to get out there and chase their dreams. These are also people who go after their dreams without a real focus. They can just be time wasters. If you sleep face down on your stomach, with arms and legs all over the bed in a freefall position, it might mean that you want to control time and space in a way that you don’t feel you have in your waking hours. 1．Laura is good at singing, so she performs her beautiful voice instead of her terrible dancing in the talent show. Laura may go to sleep like ________. A． B． C． D． 2．What kind of people tend to sleep with outstretched arms according to the passage? A．Those who are shy and quiet. B．Those who always follow rules. C．Those who are excited about their dreams. D．Those who dislike changes. 3．How is the passage organized? A．By comparing different experts’ opinions on sleep positions. B．By explaining the scientific research process step by step. C．By telling stories about people with different sleep habits. D．By listing different sleep positions and their meanings one by one. 4．What does the passage tell us? A．Sleeping on your side is the best way of sleeping. B．Changing positions will cause sleeping problems. C．Enough sleep makes people look better and healthier. D．Sleeping positions show people’s secret personalities. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了睡觉的姿势和性格的关系。 1．推理判断题。根据“Do you sleep straight, with arms at your sides? If you sleep on your side, you know your strengths and weaknesses. You’re usually careful.”可知，挺直、双臂放在身体两侧的人，通常明白自己的优点和弱点，并且很认真。故推测出，擅长唱歌的Laura总是展示她美妙的声音，而不是展示糟糕的舞蹈，说明她很清楚自己的优点和弱点，所以她属于挺直、双臂放在身体两侧的这一类人。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“If people reach for the stars, with outstretched (伸展的) arms, they are yearners. They are people who get up in the morning with an excitement to get out there and chase their dreams.”可知，手臂伸展的人是渴望者，他们早晨充满激情追求梦想。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第二、三、四、五段内容可知，本文逐一列出不同的睡眠姿势以及相应的含义。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据“your sleeping position shows the real you.”并结合文章内容可知，你的睡姿显示了真实的你，且后文通过不同睡姿对应的人格特征展开说明。所以本文主要告诉我们：睡姿能揭示人的秘密性格。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·浙江杭州·期中） If a child has brown hair and blue eyes, one or both of the child’s parents probably has brown hair and blue eyes. Why? Genes (基因). Scientists know that looks come from parents to kids through genes. But how about other things? If a parent is shy, then would the child also be shy? If a parent is smart, then will the child also be smart? Scientists want to know how much genes and ways of raising (抚养) can affect (影响) a person. Scientists researched this question by studying identical twins who were separated (分开) at birth. Identical twins are twins that look the same on the outside. They also have the same genes on the inside. Many years ago, when twins were given away to other families at birth, they didn’t always go to the same family. So they were separated and raised in different ways. Even if the twins had the same genes and looked the same, did they turn out the same as adults? Here are what the scientists have found. For some things, such as looks or diseases (疾病), the twins turned out the same. Even if one twin drank lots of milk and the other did not, they were of similar heights as adults. Even if one twin exercised and ate healthy food and the other did not, they could get the same disease as adults. Scientists found that how each twin was raised could not change much. However, in the case of personality (个性), the answer is not so clear. Some separated twins had completely different personalities and lives as adults. Other separated twins were almost exactly the same. They dressed the same, talked the same, and even had the same jobs—even though they had never met! In the end, there seems to be no simple answer. As a whole, it seems people become who and what we are because of both genes and how we are raised. 1．How does the writer lead in the topic? A．By telling stories. B．By asking questions. C．By comparing facts. D．By listing numbers. 2．Whom were the scientists interested in studying according to Paragraph 2? A．The identical twins who grew up together after they were born. B．The identical twins who had different genes and looks. C．The identical twins who looked different but had the same genes. D．The identical twins who grew up in different families from birth. 3．What do Paragraph 3&4 mainly talk about? A．The importance of the study. B．The ways of the study. C．The results of the study. D．The rules of the study. 4．Which of the following will the writer most probably agree? A．Genes and how we are raised make us who we are. B．We become who we are mostly because of our genes. C．The people we become depend on how we were raised. D．Genes are the main reason for personality development. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨基因和后天养育对个人特质的影响，并通过研究分开抚养的同卵双胞胎的案例进行分析。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“But how about other things? If a parent is shy, then would the child also be shy? If a parent is smart, then will the child also be smart?”可知，作者通过提问引入话题。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Scientists researched this question by studying identical twins who were separated (分开) at birth.”可知，科学家们对于研究从出生起就在不同家庭中长大的同卵双胞胎感兴趣。故选D。 3．段落大意题。根据第二段末尾“Here are what the scientists have found.”及第三段“For some things, such as looks or diseases (疾病), the twins turned out the same.”，第四段“However, in the case of personality (个性), the answer is not so clear.”可知，这两段主要讲述了科学家的研究结果。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“As a whole, it seems people become who and what we are because of both genes and how we are raised.”可知，作者认为基因和后天养育共同塑造了我们。故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·山东淄博·期中）You may feel that math is hard and boring. Is it possible that you’ve been looking at math in the wrong way? March 14 is International Day of Math. Teenagers interviewed Li Xing, a math professor (教授) at NingXia University. We asked if math can be beautiful and fun. Here’s what he said. Numbers are beautiful Many people today want to have beautiful looks. But there is math hidden in beautiful human bodies. Measure (测量) the length (长度) from your head to your belly button (肚脐) and from your belly button to your feet. The ratio (比例) of these two numbers is always around 0.618. This is the golden ratio (黄金比例), which can be seen everywhere, like in nature, music and paintings. In Chinese poems (诗歌), we can also see the beauty of numbers. As Li Bai wrote, “I’ve sailed a thousand miles through Gorges in a day (千里江陵一日还)”, “My skiff has left ten thousand mountains far away (轻舟已过万重山)”. “A thousand miles in one day”, “ten thousand mountains”—all these numbers show how fast Li Bai traveled and how happy he felt. Numbers give us freedom (自由) to imagine. Formulas (公式) are beautiful There are many amazing formulas. For example, in a right-angled triangle (直角三角形), the square (平方) of the longest side is equal (等于) to the sum (和) of the squares of the other two sides. How neat (简洁的)! Just as the Chinese-American mathematician (数学家) Shiing-shen Chern said, “Math is fun!” 1．How much is the golden ratio? A．0.618. B．0.681. C．6.18. D．0.168. 2．If the ratio of a thing is around 0.618, ________. A．it has a golden color B．it will look like a human body C．it is as long as a person’s leg D．it can bring us a sense (感觉) of beauty 3．Why does the writer mention Li Bai’s poem in the passage? A．To tell Li Bai is good at math. B．To tell us Li Bai loved travelling fast. C．To show the beauty of numbers in poems. D．To show Li Bai is a good poet. 4．Which formula did the underlined sentence describe in the last paragraph? A．a2-b2=(a+b)(a-b) B．a2+b2=c2 C．(a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2 D．(a-b)2=a2-2ab+b2 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．Math is hard and important. B．The life of a math professor. C．Math is beautiful and fun. D．The International Day of Math. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，通过数学教授李星的访谈，从黄金比例、诗歌中的数字美和公式简洁性三个方面，阐述了数学的趣味性与美学价值。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The ratio of these two numbers is always around 0.618. This is the golden ratio...”可知，黄金比例的数值为0.618。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据小标题“Numbers are beautiful”和根据第二段“The ratio of these two numbers is always around 0.618. This is the golden ratio...”可知，0.618是黄金比例，这个比例富有美感，由此可推知拥有黄金比例的事物能带来美感。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“In Chinese poems…we can also see the beauty of numbers”及后文对李白诗句中数字的赏析，说明引用目的是展示数字在诗歌中的美感。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后段划线句“in a right-angled triangle…the square of the longest side equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides”可知，直角三角形斜边平方等于两直角边平方和，对应a²+b²=c²。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。全文通过黄金比例（美）、诗歌数字（趣味）和公式简洁性（fun）多角度说明数学的趣味与美学，末段直接引用数学家陈省身观点“Math is fun!”点题。故选C。 Passage 5 （25-26八年级下·江苏宿迁·期中）If you want to be a better reader, what should you know about the speed of reading? Some people read very quickly, while others read very slowly. But which one is better? The quick reader may be a good reader when he reads a storybook for fun. But he may not be able to slow down to read instructions carefully. The slow reader may be a good reader. But he may spend too much time reading a story for fun. So the reader who reads everything quickly or the one who reads everything slowly isn’t really a good reader. Here are four things to remember about the speed of reading. Knowing why you are reading will help you to know whether to read quickly or slowly. Some things should be read slowly from beginning to end. Examples are instructions for making or doing something. Math books, science books and grammar books are full of important information. You must read these things slowly to understand and remember every important idea. Some things should be read quickly throughout, such as stories for enjoyment, letters from friends, and some news from newspapers. In some of your reading, you must change your speed from fast to slow and slow to fast. You will need to read some pages quickly and then slow down and do more careful reading when you come to important ideas. 1．Which of the following should be read slowly according to the passage? A．Three Pigs. B．Jiaxing Daily. C．Letters from friends. D．Directions for using iPhone 14. 2．Whether to read fast or slowly depends on ____. A．our habits B．our feelings C．the time D．the reading materials 3．Which one can be the best title for the passage? A．How to be a good reader B．How to read quickly C．Reading slowly is better D．Reading is a good hobby 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 【导语】本文就如何成为一个好的读者，根据阅读材料来调整阅读速度给出了一些建议。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Some things should be read slowly from beginning to end. Examples are instructions for making or doing something.”可知，使用说明需要慢读，使用iPhone 14 的说明属于使用说明范畴。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Knowing why you are reading will help you to know whether to read quickly or slowly.”，阅读速度取决于你为什么要阅读，也就是取决于阅读材料的类型。故选D。 3．最佳标题题。通读全文并根据第一段“So the reader who reads everything quickly or the one who reads everything slowly isn’t really a good reader. Here are four things to remember about the speed of reading.”可知，本文主要介绍了要想成为一个好的阅读者，需要根据不同情况调整阅读速度。故选A。 主题02 人与社会——社会现象与生活方式 （24-25八年级下·吉林长春·期中）①American YouTube star IShowSpeed is really popular online around the world. People also call him “Hyperthyroidism Brother” (甲亢哥). The reason is that he always acts very excitedly, talks fast and moves a lot in his videos, just like people with hyperthyroidism. Recently, he took a trip to China. ②His journey started in Shanghai. As soon as he got off the plane, warm-hearted people welcomed him. The city’s tall buildings and busy streets caught his eyes right away. He danced with the elderly in the park and tasted delicious street food like soup dumplings. He was also surprised by China’s clean streets and fast trains. ③Next, he headed to Beijing, the capital of China. He visited the Forbidden City, dressing in a colorful Northeast-style jacket. Walking around the famous place, he was amazed by China’s long history and rich culture. On the Great Wall, he said it was the best experience ever. In Beijing, he also tried traditional foods like Douzhi. His dislike for its taste made his fans laugh a lot. ④After that, IShowSpeed went to Henan. There, he had a great time learning Shaolin kung fu. The skills of the kung fu masters left a strong impression (印象) on him. He tried his best to learn the moves, but he was still a bit clumsy sometimes. ⑤Finally, he arrived in Chengdu. He watched the amazing Sichuan opera face-changing performance and ate spicy (辛辣的) hot pot. The spiciness made him pull funny faces, but he still enjoyed the food very much. ⑥During his live streaming (直播) in China, his real and interesting experiences made his videos quite popular online. His trip not only made him have a great time but also helped more people around the world learn about the real China. 根据短文内容, 选择最佳答案。 1．Why do people call IShowSpeed “Hyperthyroidism Brother”? A．Because he is a man with hyperthyroidism. B．Because he has a brother with hyperthyroidism. C．Because he often talks about hyperthyroidism in his videos. D．Because he acts excitedly, talks fast and moves a lot in his videos. 2．Which is the right structure (结构) of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1 ②=Paragraph 2, ...) A．①/②③④⑤/⑥ B．①②/③④/⑤⑥ C．①②/③④⑤/⑥ D．①/②③/④⑤⑥ 3．What does the underlined word “clumsy” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Clever. B．Unskilled. C．Excited. D．Lonely. 4．Which of the following is TRUE about IShowSpeed? A．He started his journey in Shanghai. B．He didn’t like Shaolin kung fu at all. C．He tried soup dumplings in Beijing. D．He watched the amazing Beijing opera. 5．Which would be the best title (标题) of this passage? A．Delicious Foods in China. B．Traditional Chinese Culture. C．IShowSpeed’s Great Trip to China. D．A Popular American YouTube Star. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了美国网红IShowSpeed来到中国的旅行经历，他游览了上海、北京、河南、成都等地，体验了当地的文化、美食和风景；并通过直播分享真实经历，促进了世界对中国的了解。 1．细节理解题。根据“The reason is that he always acts very excitedly, talks fast and moves a lot in his videos, just like people with hyperthyroidism.”可知，原因是他在视频中总是表现得非常兴奋，语速很快，动作也很多，就像患有甲状腺机能亢进的人一样。故选D。 2．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，①段介绍IShowSpeed的身份背景及他近期去中国旅行；②到⑤段分别描述了他在上海、北京、河南、成都的行程；第⑥段总结旅行影响。该篇文章是总分总结构。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“He tried his best to learn the moves, but he was still a bit clumsy sometimes.”可知，他尽了最大努力学习这些动作，但有时还是有点笨拙。clumsy意为“笨拙的”，指学功夫时动作不熟练和“Unskilled”意思相同，故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“His journey started in Shanghai.”可知，他的旅程从上海开始。故选A。 5．最佳标题题。根据“American YouTube star IShowSpeed is really popular online around the world...Recently, he took a trip to China.”及通读全文可知，全文核心是记录IShowSpeed在中国的旅行经历和影响。故选C。 人与社会——社会现象与生活方式 （24-25八年级下·宁夏银川·期中）The dragon is a great animal in Chinese culture. It brings wind and rain for crops (庄稼). Every year on the 2nd day of the 2nd lunar (农历) month, people celebrate “Longtaitou” (Dragon Head-raising Day). It’s believed that on this day, the dragon wakes up from winter sleep and lifts its head. So Longtaitou is the start of spring and farming. People usually celebrate Longtaitou in different ways. The most popular one is to have a haircut. Many people would not have a haircut in the first lunar month. They think it might bring bad luck to their uncles. Getting a haircut on Longtaitou is thought to get rid of (去除) bad luck. Food plays an important role in Chinese festivals. On Longtaitou, people eat dishes with dragon names. Noodles are called dragon’s beard (longxu). Dumplings are dragon’s ears (long’er). And spring rolls (春卷) are dragon’s scales (longlin). People also have activities like dragon dances on the day. In some places in Shandong Province, people make dragon lanterns (灯笼) too. People set small reed (芦苇) boats adrift (漂流) on rivers and carry the lanterns, which stand for people’s best wishes and good luck. 1．What do people think of Longtaitou? A．It is a good time for sleeping. B．It is the end of the Spring Festival. C．It is the start of spring and farming. D．It means the weather would become colder. 2．Why do people get haircuts on Longtaitou? A．It will bring good luck to their uncles. B．It’s believed that it will get rid of bad luck. C．It may help their hair grow. D．It may bring more rain. 3．How is the text organized? (①=Paragraph 1,②=Paragraph 2,…) A． B． C． D． 4．Why does the writer write the story? A．To introduce a traditional festival—Longtaitou. B．To tell people how to avoid bad luck. C．To make a traditional festival popular again. D．To introduce some tasty foods and fun activities. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文介绍了中国传统节日——龙抬头的来历、习俗以及活动。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“It’s believed that on this day, the dragon wakes up from winter sleep and lifts its head. So Longtaitou is the start of spring and farming.”可知，龙抬头是春天和农耕的开始。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Getting a haircut on Longtaitou is thought to get rid of (去除) bad luck.”可知，人们在龙抬头理发是因为认为这样可以去除霉运。故选B。 3．篇章结构题。①介绍龙抬头的起源与意义；②介绍理发习俗；③介绍节日食物；④介绍舞龙、灯笼等活动。属于总分结构。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要在介绍一个中国传统节日——龙抬头。故选A。 主题03 人与自然——自然生态 （24-25八年级下·四川成都·期中）“Achoo!” You might hear people sneezing (打喷嚏) a lot now and sometimes people need to take some medicine to stop it. That’s because spring is the season of pollen allergies (花粉过敏)! Think of your immune system (免疫系统) as “soldiers” protecting your body. Usually, these soldiers keep you safe from things like viruses (病毒). However, sometimes they make a mistake and think pollen is also dangerous. Pollen helps plants spread and grow, but some people’s immune systems don’t fight it properly. This causes sneezing. These days, Beijing is experiencing lots of juniper (刺柏) pollen this spring. In order to cut down the amount of pollen, the government took action like cutting some flower branches. Climate change might be the “criminal”. Because the whole world is getting warmer, flowers come earlier and live longer, making the pollen season longer. A study shows that some countries in Europe also have this problem. And warmer weather brings more CO2. Plants use it as food to grow. It helps plants make more pollen. Also, more cars and factories let out gases (气体) that pollute the air. This pollution can stay with pollen, making allergies worse. Some pollution can even break pollen into small pieces that reach deep into our lungs , causing serious health problems. You might see new trees in your neighborhood. Plants from other places can change the types and amounts of pollen in the air. This can upset the local ecosystem (当地生态系统), sometimes causing more allergies. For example, ryegrass (黑麦草) from Europe causes spring allergies every year in Australia. 1．Why does our immune system fight pollen? A．Pollen is similar to a virus. B．It “sees” pollen as dangerous. C．Pollen is dangerous to our bodies. 2．What does the text say about how climate change affects the pollen season? A．It leads to a longer pollen season. B．It makes more plants produce pollen. C．It weakens people’s immunity to pollen. 3．What role do factories play in making allergies worse? A．They help pollen move faster. B．They cause the pollen to be polluted. C．They help pollen spread more widely. 4．What can we do to stop pollen allergies? ①Wear a mask         ②Cut some flower branches ③Take some allergy medicine    ④ Have some new plants from other places A．①②③ B．①②④ C．②③④ 5．What does the example of ryegrass show? A．What trees are good for the environment. B．How Australia has changed its spring allergies. C．How foreign plants can make a difference to spring allergies. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文分析春季花粉过敏的成因，指出气候变暖、空气污染和外来植物加剧了过敏问题，并简要提及应对措施。 1．细节理解题。根据“Usually, these soldiers keep you safe from things like viruses (病毒). However, sometimes they make a mistake and think pollen is also dangerous.”可知，我们的免疫系统会对抗花粉，因为我们的免疫系统误将花粉视为危险物质。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Because the whole world is getting warmer, flowers come earlier and live longer, making the pollen season longer.”可知，气候变暖使得花粉季节更长。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“This pollution can stay with pollen, making allergies worse. Some pollution can even break pollen into small pieces that reach deep into our lungs, causing serious health problems.”可知，工厂排放的气体与花粉结合，加剧过敏。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“sometimes people need to take some medicine to stop it”“the government took action like cutting some flower branches.”可知，可以通过修剪花枝、服药来阻止花粉过敏，结合常识可知，戴口罩也可以阻止花粉过敏。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，本段以黑麦草为例说明外来植物改变当地花粉类型，从而引发过敏。故选C。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我——生活与健康 Passage 1 （25-26八年级下·全国·期中）Staying safe is very important for all of us, especially students. We don’t need hard skills, just simple rules to protect ourselves from small dangers in our daily life. First, be careful with kitchen fires. Many families experience small fires when cooking, like when oil catches fire. Remember, never pour water on it! Water will make the fire bigger. Instead, cover the pan with a lid (锅盖). This stops air from reaching the fire, and it will go out. Also, stay calm down. If you panic (惊慌), you might make mistakes. If the fire gets too big, run out of the house fast and call 119 right away. Second, when there’s smoke from a fire in a building, cover your mouth and nose with a wet cloth. Harmful smoke can hurt your lungs (肺), but the wet cloth keeps it out. Then bend down low, because clean air stays near the ground. Walk slowly to the nearest exit (出口). Don’t run. Third, if you get lost in a public place like a mall or park, don’t run around to find your family. Stay in one place. In this way, your family can find you easily. If no one comes for a long time, ask a shop worker or security guard for help. Never go with a stranger, even if they seem nice. These simple ways are easy to remember. Follow them, and you can stay safe when small dangers come. 1．What do we need to protect ourselves from small dangers? A．Hard skills. B．Simple rules. C．Teachers’ help. D．Many friends. 2．What should we do when oil catches fire in the kitchen according to the passage? a. cover the pan with a lid        b. pour water on the fire c. calm down        d. call the firefighters e. run out fast when the fire gets too big A．abcd B．acde C．bcde D．abde 3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The fire. B．The smoke. C．The mistake. D．The pan lid. 4．What’s the theme of the passage? A．Health. B．Travel. C．Nature. D．Safety. 5．What is the best structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·河南郑州·期中）Children spend too much time on smartphones and computers now. They are at risk of a lifetime of health problems, such as obesity (肥胖症) and eye problems, according to a study. The study was carried out by World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF，世界癌症研究基金会) in the UK. It found some actions—like looking at a smartphone or an iPad for a long time—are among the causes of obesity. It shows that obesity has something to do with several kinds of cancer, but physical activities can make that risk low. “New technologies make people spend a lot more time sitting long, such as sitting in cars, watching television and using computers, smartphones and so on,” the study said. “Less exercise has caused a number of health problems like breathing difficulties, a racing heart, poor bones (骨头) and stress.” According to the study, 14.1 million people across the world had cancer in 2012 and 8.2 million died from cancer, but about 40% of the cancer cases (病例) can be prevented. “This global cancer burden (负担) will increase to 21.7 million cases and 13 million deaths by 2030,” it said. WCRF also says that a lot more snacks will be eaten as a result of spending too much time on the screen and not doing exercise. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What causes children’s risk of a lifetime of health problems? A．Eating a lot more snacks in their life. B．Using new technologies to work and study. C．Doing exercise in a wrong way. D．Spending long on smartphones and computers. 2．How does the writer feel about using new technologies? A．Risky. B．Great. C．Helpful. D．Necessary. 3．How can we avoid (避免) having cancer according to the study? A．By going to see a doctor. B．By doing exercise. C．By eating less food every day. D．By choosing healthy snacks. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Some kinds of cancer can cause obesity. B．New technologies will lead to cancer. C．More people will get cancer and die in five years. D．People should find more ways to keep cancer away. 5．What’s the structure (结构) of the passage? (P1= Paragraph 1, P2= Paragraph 2...) A． B． C． D． Passage 3 （23-24八年级下·浙江台州·期末）①Do you find it hard to say “no” when someone asks you for help? Do you feel sorry when you have to tell people that you really can’t help them? And do you often pretend (假装) to agree with people even though you think differently? If you answered “yes” to these questions, you may be a “people-pleaser”. ②Being friendly and helpful is a good thing. It helps you build friendships. However, trying to please (取悦) others without considering your own happiness can make you stressed. Luckily, there are some steps that you can take to stop being a people-pleaser. ③To start with, it’s important to know your limits (限度) and make “boundaries” (界限) in your life. Be clear about what you would like to do. You can also tell others that you are only available for a certain period of time. ④When someone asks you for help, tell him or her that you need some time to think about it. Use this time to ask yourself: Do you really want to do this? How much time will it take? By giving yourself some time to think, you’ll be better able to truly decide if it’s something you have the interest and time to do. ⑤People always try to please others because they have little confidence (自信) in themselves. They don’t consider their own need and interest. In this situation, you can try meaningful self-talk. Remind yourself that you have dreams, too. You don’t have to waste your time to do things that don’t bring you joy. ⑥Making a sudden change can be hard, so start by taking small steps. You may, for example, send a message to say “no”. Then, continue to say “no” face to face. Practice this in kinds of situations, such as talking to a salesperson or ordering at a restaurant. ⑦Stopping being a people-pleaser doesn’t mean you have to give up being kind and helpful altogether. You can still do good things, but on your own situations. 1．The writer starts the passage by ________. A．giving examples B．asking questions C．telling stories D．listing numbers 2．According to the passage, what can people do to stop being a people-pleaser? a. Set limits in your life.    b. Think after you help others. c. Build up confidence.    d. Start by taking small steps. A．abc B．a bd C．acd D．bcd 3．Which of the following best shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4．The writer wrote the passage most probably to ________. A．advise us not always to please others B．help us build confidence in ourselves C．encourage us to help people in need D．make us be clear about our dreams Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·海南省直辖县级单位·期中）Kate is reading something about how to keep healthy on the Internet. ♦ Good sleep is important for your health. You need about seven hours’ sleep a night. Don’t eat or read in bed. Go to bed and get up at the same time every day. For more information (信息), please visit www.sleep.com. ♦ How often do you exercise? If you want to keep healthy, try to exercise for 30 minutes a day, three or four times a week. For more information, please call Health Line at 180-2000. ♦ Studies show that the cold or flu virus (病毒) can live on our hands for long. So you should wash your hands often with soap. For more ways to prevent (预防) the cold or flu, please call Health Line at 180-1313. ♦ Brush your teeth twice a day and see a dentist at least once a year. The examination is not only for the health of your teeth, but for the whole body. Please visit www.mydr.com for more information. 1．Kate is reading something about how to ________ on the Internet. A．play sports B．go shopping C．keep healthy D．see a doctor 2．If you want to get a good sleep, you should ________. A．read in bed B．eat something before going to bed C．get up late D．go to bed at the same time every day 3．You should ________ if you don’t want to have a cold. A．wash your hands often B．eat in bed C．brush your teeth every day D．buy a piece of soap 4．You should visit the dentist ________ at least A．twice a year B．once a year C．twice a month D．once a week 5．If you want to keep healthy, try to exercise for ________ a day, three or four times a week. A．an hour B．twenty minutes C．thirty minutes D．two hours Passage 5 （24-25八年级下·湖南长沙·期中）There are several ways you can find out about the countries and places you wish to visit. You can talk to friends who have traveled to the places, you can go and see a color film about them, or you can read a travel book. It seems that there are three kinds of travel books. The first is those that give a personal, subjective (主观的) idea of travels which the writers have got themselves. These books can be useful if the writers share their traveling experiences with others. The second kind are those books which give objective (客观的) information of things to be done and seen. If a cultured person has written such a book about the facts of a place, then it is more useful. The third kind are those books which are called “a guide” to some place or other. If they are good, they will describe and explain the place in detail. Like the first kind, they can be interesting and exciting, but their main purpose is to help the reader plan his travel in the most practical (实用性的) way. Whatever kind of travel book you choose, you must make sure that the book does not describe everything as “interesting”, “exciting” or “fantastic”. You must also keep an open eye on its date of publication (出版) because travel is a very practical matter and many things change quickly in the 21st century. Finally, you should make sure that it’s easy to find the useful information for you to travel. 1．The passage was written to introduce ______. A．travel books B．travel films C．travel places 2．The writer of the first kind of travel books gave his ideas after he ______. A．read books B．traveled C．surfed the Internet 3．The underlined phrase “a cultured person” means a person with ______. A．a good appearance B．a good education C．a lot of experience 4．You must keep an open eye on the date of publication because ______. A．the prices of travel books may be different B．the writers of travel books may be different C．the information in travel books is always changing 5．According to the passage, it is best to read ______ before traveling to a place of interest. A．the first kind of travel books B．the second kind of travel books C．the third kind of travel books 主题02 人与社会——人际交往 （23-24八年级下·浙江台州·期末）When I was a teenager, my parents were never interested in the music I liked. They always said to me, “David, the music you listen to is noisy. Why do you like listening to it so much?” At the same time, they described the music that they liked as “beautiful”. In fact, they are not the only ones who have this opinion. As I’ve grown older, I’ve often heard my friends say, “Today’s music is terrible.” Many older people just don’t like new music. But why is that? The exposure effect (曝光效应) may explain this. It means the more familiar (熟悉的) we are with something, the more likely we will like it. When we are in our early teens, we usually spend a lot of time listening to popular music and discussing it with our friends. We come to understand the new songs and artists during this time really well. After we become 30 years old, we are busy working and raising our families. We don’t have much time to look for new music. Instead, we like to listen to our old favorite songs that bring us back to our happy and simple days. According to studies, when we are 33 years old, most of us will completely stop exploring new music. But I think there is another reason why older people dislike new music. Most popular music, after all, is not written for them. It is made for young people. Some kinds of music began by young people as ways to fight against out-of-date things. These kinds include punk, rap, hip-hop, heavy metal and more. Younger people love them naturally. Do your parents hate the music you like, too? Now, after reading this article, you know there is nothing wrong with that. 1．According to the passage, many older people dislike new music because ________. A．it makes them upset and they don’t want to waste their time B．it sounds terrible and the songs bring them back to sad days C．they don’t understand the difficult words and hate the artists D．they don’t know it well and it’s mostly written for the young 2．The underlined word “exploring” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”. A．looking for B．trying out C．giving up D．setting up 3．What can we infer (推断) from the last paragraph? A．New music will become more popular with older people. B．Older people will try to listen to different kinds of new music. C．People will know it’s normal that older people dislike new music. D．More beautiful and simple songs will be written for older people. 4．This passage mainly talks about ________. A．different kinds of music in the world B．people’s different opinions on new music C．the great importance of the exposure effect D．the reasons why older people dislike new music 人与社会——文化 Passage 1 （23-24八年级下·四川眉山·期中） What do you think will happen when the traditional culture meets modern technology? Yes, the words become lively characters at once. How happy it is to enjoy these Chinese cartoons! Ma Liang is a poor boy who loves painting. He always uses his magic brush to fight against the bad people in the village. The cartoon The Magic Brush came out in 1955. A group of tadpoles (蝌蚪) are born. They try to find their mother that they have never seen. The story is very easy, but it needs complex technology to show the artistic style of ink painting. Little Tadpole Looking for Mom came out in 1961 first. The Monkey King: Uproar in Heaven (1961-1964) is China’s first color cartoon. It is from the Chinese novel (小说) Journey to the West. It’s successful. Not only we, but also many westerners like the monkey Sun Wukong. To beat two bad persons, an old man grows 7 calabashes (葫芦), and they change into 7 boys. They try their best to beat the bad. Calabash Brothers (1986) is a masterpiece (杰作) of Chinese paper-cutting art. 1．The underlined word “complex” in the passage means _______ in Chinese. A．重复的 B．完全的 C．冗长的 D．复杂的 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Sun Wukong is a well-known character all over the world. B．All the four cartoons are from Japanese folk stories. C．Little Tadpole Looking for Mom came out in 1964. D．The Magic Brush is the newest cartoon among the four cartoons. 3．In which part of the newspaper can we read the passage? A．Education B．Science C．Culture D．Fashion Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·广东广州·期中）In China, tea-making is practiced by a large number of people. Let’s meet two tea makers with different ways of working. Master Li, aged 65, Traditional Tea Maker in Hangzhou Type of tea: Longjing tea Tools: iron pot and wooden boxes Steps: 1) hand-pick leaves; 2) cook in an iron pot for hours; 3) dry in wooden boxes. Time: one whole day “The secret,” he says, “is waiting for the right moment. Too much heat makes the taste bad.” For Master Li, the most important thing is his hand skills. Ms. Chen, aged 32, Modern Tea Maker in Fujian Type of tea: Tieguanyin teaTools: metal boxes and machines Steps: 1) machines control temperature; 2) hand-turn leaves; 3) final hand-shaping. Time: a few hours “Machines are helpful, but the heart of tea comes from old ways,” she says. “We young people must change, but remember the past.” 1．According to Master Li, what’s the key for making good tea? A．Waiting patiently for drying. B．Choosing the best tea leaves. C．Using machines to control heat. D．Using his hands for time and heat. 2．What can be the advantage of modern tea-making? A．Better drinking experience. B．Easily found and used tools. C．Less challenging for beginners. D．More attention from the society. 3．What do both tea makers agree on? A．Machines are better than hand skills. B．Young people must learn modern skills. C．Old tea-making ways should be remembered. D．Tea taste mostly depends on the quality of tools. 主题03 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26八年级下·全国·期中）The Dead Sea is one of the most unusual and fascinating natural places on our planet. Unlike common seas that teem with fish and sea plants, it has almost no living things. This is where its name the “Dead Sea” comes from. Geographically, it is located between Jordan (约旦) and Israel (以色列), in the dry part of the Middle East. It’s surrounded by rocky hills. That adds to its unique landscape. Covering an area of about 605 square kilometers, the Dead Sea’s size isn’t always the same. It changes slightly each year. This is mainly because of changes in rainfall; less rain means less water flowing into the sea. And also because towns and farms near it need more and more water. It is about 1,000 feet (英尺) deep. The deepest part of the Dead Sea is about 1,300 feet, making it one of the deepest salty lakes in the world. The Dead Sea has a high salt level, about 8 times saltier than the ocean. This high salt content (高盐分含量) creates strong buoyancy (浮力), letting people float (漂浮) easily on its surface even if they can’t swim. For many years, this special character has attracted millions of visitors from all over the world. Some come to experience the fun of floating. Sadly, the Dead Sea is facing a big problem: It is becoming smaller and smaller. Every year, its surface level drops a little. Protecting this natural wonder has become more important than ever. 1．Where is the Dead Sea located? A．Between Jordan and Israel. B．Between China and Japan. C．Between Canada and the US. D．Between France and Germany. 2．What is the size of the Dead Sea covering? A．About 605 square kilometers. B．About 1,000 square kilometers. C．About 1,300 square kilometers. D．About 1,500 square kilometers. 3．Why can people float easily on the Dead Sea? A．Because it kills people. B．Because it holds dead people. C．Because it has many plants in the water. D．Because it has a surprisingly high salt level. 4．Why do many visitors come to the Dead Sea? A．To fish in its water. B．To grow plants. C．To float and relax. D．To protect the Dead Sea. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．The location of the Dead Sea B．The reasons for people floating C．The ways to protect the Dead Sea D．Knowing about the Dead Sea Passage 2 （23-24八年级下·浙江台州·期末）Natural disasters are sudden events that usually bring terrible results. People may lose their homes, money and even lives during the disasters. We have recently found that natural disasters sometimes happen. So we decided to find out some famous natural disasters around the world. Hurricanes (飓风) are very dangerous storms with strong winds. The worst Atlantic hurricane in history was the Great Hurricane from October 10th to16th in 1780. When a volcano (火山) happens, it throws hot liquid (液体) rock and gases into the air through the hole at the top. On August 26th, 1883, Earth made the loudest sound from the island of Krakatoa. On November 1st, 1755, an earthquake (地震) hit Lisbon, in Portugal. The ground moved for ten minutes. The earthquake broke most of the buildings in a city apart. On December 28th, 1908, a tsunami (海啸) hit Messina. in Italy. The huge wall of seawater was about ten meters high. How high do you think the seawater is in this picture? 1．How many kinds of natural disasters are mentioned (提到) in the text? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．A tsunami hit Messina, in Italy on August 26th, 1883. B．An earthquake hit Lisbon, in Portugal on November 1st,1755. C．An earthquake made the loudest sound from the island of Krakatoa. D．The Great Hurricane in 1780 was the worst Pacific hurricane in history. 3．We most probably read the text at ________. A．www. Fisu. com/sports/ B．www.bbcamerica.com/movies/ C．www.worldgeography.com/nature/ D．www.chinahighlights.com/greatwall/ 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·重庆大足·期中）①Today, young people spend about six hours a day in front of a TV or a computer and less than four minutes playing outdoors (户外). It is not healthy for people’s mind and body when they spend more time playing with their computers or watching TV but not outdoors. ②Some health experts call green time “vitamin G”. Kids who don’t get outdoors much seem to have trouble in school, because being outdoors excites the mind more than sitting around indoors. Even people who usually spend a lot of time outdoors find a difference when they don’t get green time. Some people say, “I feel more tired when I don’t get outdoors.” ③Experts believe the good things of green time come from the outdoor activities such as running or boating. Exercise makes something special in brain. It can improve learning, feeling, and sleep. It also helps with learning by increasing (提升) connections (联系) between nerve cells (神经细胞). They are very important for learning and memory. Some schools have classes outside for those reasons. Mary Smith, a middle school student, says she believes the outdoor activities help her think and make her learn more carefully. Learning in a forest helps her become more interesting in art, too. ④And even doctors give their patients (病人) some vitamin G to help them to get better. Miller writes “park prescriptions (处方)” for her patients because she says, “Being outdoors is good for health.” She finds that when she gives patients park prescriptions, they seem to continue with them. ⑤Getting outdoors can be simple, just like calling together your family to go for a walk. All it takes is five minutes or more of green time: Get outside, and get your vitamin G! 1．Which of the following activity is an example of “vitamin G”? A．Watching TV at home. B．Reading books in the library. C．Walking in a park. D．Studying in the classroom. 2．Experts and doctors may agree that _______. A．kids without green time are easy to have trouble in school B．people who get outdoors a lot may feel the same indoors C．exercise improves learning by increasing the number of cells D．vitamin G is not helpful for many patients 3．The writer writes the passage in order to _______. A．ask people to eat more vitamins to keep healthy B．make people to buy vitamin G as much as possible C．tell people to get less green time and stay at home more D．encourage (鼓励) people to do more activities outside. 4．What is the best structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·广东广州·期中）Your sleep position may be more revealing (暴露的) than you think, according to a surprising new study. You don’t show your secret personality (性格) when you’re awake because you can control yourself, but when you’re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, you often change your sleeping positions. The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep. If you curl up (蜷缩) in a ball when you sleep, you are not alone. Over half of people in the study curl up into the position when they hit the sheets. They have a low opinion of themselves and often protect themselves from being hurt. They’re shy and they don’t usually like meeting people. They like to be on their own. Do you sleep straight, with arms at your sides? If you sleep on your side, you know your strengths and weaknesses. You’re usually careful. You sometimes feel worried, but you don’t often get unhappy. You always say what you think, even if it makes people angry. If people reach for the stars, with outstretched (伸展的) arms, they are yearners. They are people who get up in the morning with an excitement to get out there and chase their dreams. These are also people who go after their dreams without a real focus. They can just be time wasters. If you sleep face down on your stomach, with arms and legs all over the bed in a freefall position, it might mean that you want to control time and space in a way that you don’t feel you have in your waking hours. 1．Laura is good at singing, so she performs her beautiful voice instead of her terrible dancing in the talent show. Laura may go to sleep like ________. A． B． C． D． 2．What kind of people tend to sleep with outstretched arms according to the passage? A．Those who are shy and quiet. B．Those who always follow rules. C．Those who are excited about their dreams. D．Those who dislike changes. 3．How is the passage organized? A．By comparing different experts’ opinions on sleep positions. B．By explaining the scientific research process step by step. C．By telling stories about people with different sleep habits. D．By listing different sleep positions and their meanings one by one. 4．What does the passage tell us? A．Sleeping on your side is the best way of sleeping. B．Changing positions will cause sleeping problems. C．Enough sleep makes people look better and healthier. D．Sleeping positions show people’s secret personalities. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·浙江杭州·期中） If a child has brown hair and blue eyes, one or both of the child’s parents probably has brown hair and blue eyes. Why? Genes (基因). Scientists know that looks come from parents to kids through genes. But how about other things? If a parent is shy, then would the child also be shy? If a parent is smart, then will the child also be smart? Scientists want to know how much genes and ways of raising (抚养) can affect (影响) a person. Scientists researched this question by studying identical twins who were separated (分开) at birth. Identical twins are twins that look the same on the outside. They also have the same genes on the inside. Many years ago, when twins were given away to other families at birth, they didn’t always go to the same family. So they were separated and raised in different ways. Even if the twins had the same genes and looked the same, did they turn out the same as adults? Here are what the scientists have found. For some things, such as looks or diseases (疾病), the twins turned out the same. Even if one twin drank lots of milk and the other did not, they were of similar heights as adults. Even if one twin exercised and ate healthy food and the other did not, they could get the same disease as adults. Scientists found that how each twin was raised could not change much. However, in the case of personality (个性), the answer is not so clear. Some separated twins had completely different personalities and lives as adults. Other separated twins were almost exactly the same. They dressed the same, talked the same, and even had the same jobs—even though they had never met! In the end, there seems to be no simple answer. As a whole, it seems people become who and what we are because of both genes and how we are raised. 1．How does the writer lead in the topic? A．By telling stories. B．By asking questions. C．By comparing facts. D．By listing numbers. 2．Whom were the scientists interested in studying according to Paragraph 2? A．The identical twins who grew up together after they were born. B．The identical twins who had different genes and looks. C．The identical twins who looked different but had the same genes. D．The identical twins who grew up in different families from birth. 3．What do Paragraph 3&4 mainly talk about? A．The importance of the study. B．The ways of the study. C．The results of the study. D．The rules of the study. 4．Which of the following will the writer most probably agree? A．Genes and how we are raised make us who we are. B．We become who we are mostly because of our genes. C．The people we become depend on how we were raised. D．Genes are the main reason for personality development. Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·山东淄博·期中）You may feel that math is hard and boring. Is it possible that you’ve been looking at math in the wrong way? March 14 is International Day of Math. Teenagers interviewed Li Xing, a math professor (教授) at NingXia University. We asked if math can be beautiful and fun. Here’s what he said. Numbers are beautiful Many people today want to have beautiful looks. But there is math hidden in beautiful human bodies. Measure (测量) the length (长度) from your head to your belly button (肚脐) and from your belly button to your feet. The ratio (比例) of these two numbers is always around 0.618. This is the golden ratio (黄金比例), which can be seen everywhere, like in nature, music and paintings. In Chinese poems (诗歌), we can also see the beauty of numbers. As Li Bai wrote, “I’ve sailed a thousand miles through Gorges in a day (千里江陵一日还)”, “My skiff has left ten thousand mountains far away (轻舟已过万重山)”. “A thousand miles in one day”, “ten thousand mountains”—all these numbers show how fast Li Bai traveled and how happy he felt. Numbers give us freedom (自由) to imagine. Formulas (公式) are beautiful There are many amazing formulas. For example, in a right-angled triangle (直角三角形), the square (平方) of the longest side is equal (等于) to the sum (和) of the squares of the other two sides. How neat (简洁的)! Just as the Chinese-American mathematician (数学家) Shiing-shen Chern said, “Math is fun!” 1．How much is the golden ratio? A．0.618. B．0.681. C．6.18. D．0.168. 2．If the ratio of a thing is around 0.618, ________. A．it has a golden color B．it will look like a human body C．it is as long as a person’s leg D．it can bring us a sense (感觉) of beauty 3．Why does the writer mention Li Bai’s poem in the passage? A．To tell Li Bai is good at math. B．To tell us Li Bai loved travelling fast. C．To show the beauty of numbers in poems. D．To show Li Bai is a good poet. 4．Which formula did the underlined sentence describe in the last paragraph? A．a2-b2=(a+b)(a-b) B．a2+b2=c2 C．(a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2 D．(a-b)2=a2-2ab+b2 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．Math is hard and important. B．The life of a math professor. C．Math is beautiful and fun. D．The International Day of Math. Passage 5 （25-26八年级下·江苏宿迁·期中）If you want to be a better reader, what should you know about the speed of reading? Some people read very quickly, while others read very slowly. But which one is better? The quick reader may be a good reader when he reads a storybook for fun. But he may not be able to slow down to read instructions carefully. The slow reader may be a good reader. But he may spend too much time reading a story for fun. So the reader who reads everything quickly or the one who reads everything slowly isn’t really a good reader. Here are four things to remember about the speed of reading. Knowing why you are reading will help you to know whether to read quickly or slowly. Some things should be read slowly from beginning to end. Examples are instructions for making or doing something. Math books, science books and grammar books are full of important information. You must read these things slowly to understand and remember every important idea. Some things should be read quickly throughout, such as stories for enjoyment, letters from friends, and some news from newspapers. In some of your reading, you must change your speed from fast to slow and slow to fast. You will need to read some pages quickly and then slow down and do more careful reading when you come to important ideas. 1．Which of the following should be read slowly according to the passage? A．Three Pigs. B．Jiaxing Daily. C．Letters from friends. D．Directions for using iPhone 14. 2．Whether to read fast or slowly depends on ____. A．our habits B．our feelings C．the time D．the reading materials 3．Which one can be the best title for the passage? A．How to be a good reader B．How to read quickly C．Reading slowly is better D．Reading is a good hobby 主题02 人与社会——社会现象与生活方式 （24-25八年级下·吉林长春·期中）①American YouTube star IShowSpeed is really popular online around the world. People also call him “Hyperthyroidism Brother” (甲亢哥). The reason is that he always acts very excitedly, talks fast and moves a lot in his videos, just like people with hyperthyroidism. Recently, he took a trip to China. ②His journey started in Shanghai. As soon as he got off the plane, warm-hearted people welcomed him. The city’s tall buildings and busy streets caught his eyes right away. He danced with the elderly in the park and tasted delicious street food like soup dumplings. He was also surprised by China’s clean streets and fast trains. ③Next, he headed to Beijing, the capital of China. He visited the Forbidden City, dressing in a colorful Northeast-style jacket. Walking around the famous place, he was amazed by China’s long history and rich culture. On the Great Wall, he said it was the best experience ever. In Beijing, he also tried traditional foods like Douzhi. His dislike for its taste made his fans laugh a lot. ④After that, IShowSpeed went to Henan. There, he had a great time learning Shaolin kung fu. The skills of the kung fu masters left a strong impression (印象) on him. He tried his best to learn the moves, but he was still a bit clumsy sometimes. ⑤Finally, he arrived in Chengdu. He watched the amazing Sichuan opera face-changing performance and ate spicy (辛辣的) hot pot. The spiciness made him pull funny faces, but he still enjoyed the food very much. ⑥During his live streaming (直播) in China, his real and interesting experiences made his videos quite popular online. His trip not only made him have a great time but also helped more people around the world learn about the real China. 根据短文内容, 选择最佳答案。 1．Why do people call IShowSpeed “Hyperthyroidism Brother”? A．Because he is a man with hyperthyroidism. B．Because he has a brother with hyperthyroidism. C．Because he often talks about hyperthyroidism in his videos. D．Because he acts excitedly, talks fast and moves a lot in his videos. 2．Which is the right structure (结构) of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1 ②=Paragraph 2, ...) A．①/②③④⑤/⑥ B．①②/③④/⑤⑥ C．①②/③④⑤/⑥ D．①/②③/④⑤⑥ 3．What does the underlined word “clumsy” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Clever. B．Unskilled. C．Excited. D．Lonely. 4．Which of the following is TRUE about IShowSpeed? A．He started his journey in Shanghai. B．He didn’t like Shaolin kung fu at all. C．He tried soup dumplings in Beijing. D．He watched the amazing Beijing opera. 5．Which would be the best title (标题) of this passage? A．Delicious Foods in China. B．Traditional Chinese Culture. C．IShowSpeed’s Great Trip to China. D．A Popular American YouTube Star. 人与社会——社会现象与生活方式 （24-25八年级下·宁夏银川·期中）The dragon is a great animal in Chinese culture. It brings wind and rain for crops (庄稼). Every year on the 2nd day of the 2nd lunar (农历) month, people celebrate “Longtaitou” (Dragon Head-raising Day). It’s believed that on this day, the dragon wakes up from winter sleep and lifts its head. So Longtaitou is the start of spring and farming. People usually celebrate Longtaitou in different ways. The most popular one is to have a haircut. Many people would not have a haircut in the first lunar month. They think it might bring bad luck to their uncles. Getting a haircut on Longtaitou is thought to get rid of (去除) bad luck. Food plays an important role in Chinese festivals. On Longtaitou, people eat dishes with dragon names. Noodles are called dragon’s beard (longxu). Dumplings are dragon’s ears (long’er). And spring rolls (春卷) are dragon’s scales (longlin). People also have activities like dragon dances on the day. In some places in Shandong Province, people make dragon lanterns (灯笼) too. People set small reed (芦苇) boats adrift (漂流) on rivers and carry the lanterns, which stand for people’s best wishes and good luck. 1．What do people think of Longtaitou? A．It is a good time for sleeping. B．It is the end of the Spring Festival. C．It is the start of spring and farming. D．It means the weather would become colder. 2．Why do people get haircuts on Longtaitou? A．It will bring good luck to their uncles. B．It’s believed that it will get rid of bad luck. C．It may help their hair grow. D．It may bring more rain. 3．How is the text organized? (①=Paragraph 1,②=Paragraph 2,…) A． B． C． D． 4．Why does the writer write the story? A．To introduce a traditional festival—Longtaitou. B．To tell people how to avoid bad luck. C．To make a traditional festival popular again. D．To introduce some tasty foods and fun activities. 主题03 人与自然——自然生态 （24-25八年级下·四川成都·期中）“Achoo!” You might hear people sneezing (打喷嚏) a lot now and sometimes people need to take some medicine to stop it. That’s because spring is the season of pollen allergies (花粉过敏)! Think of your immune system (免疫系统) as “soldiers” protecting your body. Usually, these soldiers keep you safe from things like viruses (病毒). However, sometimes they make a mistake and think pollen is also dangerous. Pollen helps plants spread and grow, but some people’s immune systems don’t fight it properly. This causes sneezing. These days, Beijing is experiencing lots of juniper (刺柏) pollen this spring. In order to cut down the amount of pollen, the government took action like cutting some flower branches. Climate change might be the “criminal”. Because the whole world is getting warmer, flowers come earlier and live longer, making the pollen season longer. A study shows that some countries in Europe also have this problem. And warmer weather brings more CO2. Plants use it as food to grow. It helps plants make more pollen. Also, more cars and factories let out gases (气体) that pollute the air. This pollution can stay with pollen, making allergies worse. Some pollution can even break pollen into small pieces that reach deep into our lungs , causing serious health problems. You might see new trees in your neighborhood. Plants from other places can change the types and amounts of pollen in the air. This can upset the local ecosystem (当地生态系统), sometimes causing more allergies. For example, ryegrass (黑麦草) from Europe causes spring allergies every year in Australia. 1．Why does our immune system fight pollen? A．Pollen is similar to a virus. B．It “sees” pollen as dangerous. C．Pollen is dangerous to our bodies. 2．What does the text say about how climate change affects the pollen season? A．It leads to a longer pollen season. B．It makes more plants produce pollen. C．It weakens people’s immunity to pollen. 3．What role do factories play in making allergies worse? A．They help pollen move faster. B．They cause the pollen to be polluted. C．They help pollen spread more widely. 4．What can we do to stop pollen allergies? ①Wear a mask         ②Cut some flower branches ③Take some allergy medicine    ④ Have some new plants from other places A．①②③ B．①②④ C．②③④ 5．What does the example of ryegrass show? A．What trees are good for the environment. B．How Australia has changed its spring allergies. C．How foreign plants can make a difference to spring allergies. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $