专题02 抢分秘籍阅读理解 (天津专用) 2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲练测

专题02 抢分秘籍阅读理解 (天津专用) 原卷版 目录 一、阅读理解应试秘籍.......................................................................................................................01 二、阅读理解误区点拨(8条)..............................................................................................................03 二、阅读理解抢分通关...................................................................................................................13 四、阅读理解语篇押题......................................................................................................................20 命题轨迹透视 近 5 年，阅读理解四篇阅读以应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文四种语篇类型进行命题。 考点频次总结 考点 2025年 2024年 2023年 2022年 2021年 应用文 1篇 1篇 1篇 1篇 1篇 记叙文 1篇 1篇 1篇 1篇 1篇 说明文 1篇 1篇 1篇 1篇 1篇 议论文 1篇 1篇 1篇 1篇 1篇 2026命题预测 预计2026年，阅读仍以应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文四种语篇类型进行命题，从人与社会、人与自我、人与自然三大维度作为出题话题，重点需要关注这些文章均出现在外刊中的鲜活语料。注意细节理解与主旨把握相结合，重点加强长难句翻译与语篇分析。 一、解题秘籍： 应用文：看标题→找题干→定位原文→直接选 记叙文：读起因→经过→结果→抓情感态度 说明文：找对象→看特征→理逻辑→选同义替换 议论文：找论点→看首尾→辨态度→排除绝对词 二、解题口诀： 先题后文定题型，圈画关键词不懵；应用文寻找信息，记叙文抓牢情节； 说明议论找主旨，首尾段是核心处；细节定位原文句，主旨不选太片面。 三、解题步骤： 第一步：先读题干，圈定定位关键词。 先不读文章，直接看题目，圈出题干中的人名、地名、时间、数字、专有名词、否定词、最高级等显眼信息。这些词是快速找到答案位置的核心依据，能帮你省去通读全文的时间，精准锁定答题区间，避免盲目阅读。 第二步：判断文体，选用对应解题思路。 根据文章特征快速判定文体，按固定套路处理。应用文直接找信息匹配；记叙文梳理人物、事件、情感；说明文明确说明对象与特征；议论文抓住作者观点与态度，不同文体用不同方法，不混用、不跑偏。 第三步：回文定位，锁定答案原句。 带着题干关键词回到文章中，逐段扫描查找对应信息，找到与关键词匹配的句子。答案通常就在定位句本身或上下相邻句，不用大范围精读，找到即停，保证答题速度。 第四步：比对选项，排除干扰稳选答案。 将定位句与四个选项逐一对照，优先选同义替换的表述。果断排除绝对化用词、无中生有、偷换概念、以偏概全、过度推理的干扰项，忠于原文信息，不凭主观想象判断。 第五步：复核主旨，确保全文逻辑一致。 做完细节题后，用首尾段、高频词、文章标题核对主旨大意题，保证所选答案贴合文章中心，不与文章整体立场矛盾，避免细节作对、主旨丢分。 易错点1：张冠李戴（信息匹配错误） 定义：将文中A的主体、行为、对象、特征错误安到B身上，选项含原文原词但对象错位。 秘籍：定位后圈出「谁→做什么→对谁」，完全匹配再选。 （2024・天津卷阅读 A 篇） 原文（Guidelines for Visitors 部分）： Please bear in mind some simple rules for your visit:Only trained working dogs are permitted to enter the Garden.Children must stay with a grown-up at all times.Stick strictly to the paths and lawns (草坪).Do not climb the trees.Please do not pick any part of a growing plant.Cycling and ball games are not permitted in the Garden. 题目：A kid is allowed to visit the Garden when they are ________. A. well trained B. with a bicycle C. accompanied by an adult D. guided by their working dog 易错原因：只抓原文原词，不核对主语、动作、对象是否与题干一致。 变式训练：（2023・6 天津卷阅读 B 篇） 原文（第三段）：My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom. She was like, “Join the swim team, Tara. Your sister is a good swimmer;surely you will be, too.” What she refused to acknowledge, however, was that I was visibly afraid of water. 题目：What did Mom ask Tara to do? A. Join the swim team B. Learn to play the violin C. Climb mountains D. Paint pictures 易错点2：无中生有（原文无对应信息） 定义：选项使用原文个别词汇，但原文无明确表述、无逻辑支撑，属于凭空编造。 秘籍；对于原文找不到依据的选项，直接排除。 （2025・天津卷阅读 A 篇） 原文（第一段）：You can either pay at the Ticket Office on arrival, or book your tickets online. Please note: Tickets cannot be used on any date other than the one they were booked for and are non-refundable (不可退款的). 题目：What should a potential visitor take note of before booking a ticket to the Garden? A. Whether one can afford the visit. B. Whether the Garden website is accessible. C. Whether one can accept the ticket-booking policy. D. Whether the tickets are still available at the Ticket Office. 易错原因：脱离原文，凭常识主观脑补，未验证选项是否原文明确出现。 变式训练：（2022・天津卷阅读 B 篇） 原文（第二段）：Born and raised in Africa，I had always taken my African origin as burden. My self-dislike was further fueled when my family had to relocate to Norway, where I attended a high school. Compared to all the white girls around me, with their golden hair and delicate lips, I, a black girl, had curly hair and full, red lips. 题目：What affected the author’s adjustment to her school life in Norway? A. Her appearance B. Social discrimination C. Her changing emotions D. The climate in Norway 易错 03：曲解文意（对原文信息理解错误） 定义：选项看似与原文相关，但歪曲、误读、反解原文句意，多因逻辑词、语气、范围判断失误。 秘籍；精读定位句完整句意，同义替换为答案，扭曲句意直接排除。 （2025・天津卷阅读 C 篇） 原文（第一段）：All animals take in oxygen from the air they breathe in, and release CO₂ from their blood when breathing out. Most mammals (哺乳动物) can’t directly detect oxygen levels in the blood supplied to their tissues. Instead, they rely on the rising level of CO₂ in their blood to signal that they might need to take a breath. 题目：What do most mammals rely on to determine when to take a breath? A. The growing amount of CO₂ in their blood. B. The rising level of oxygen in their lungs. C. The intensity of their physical activity. D. The blood supply to body tissues. 易错原因：部分考生没有吃透原文，仅仅根据题干和选项随意在原文寻找依据，同时对关键句因逻辑词、语气、范围判断失误没有吃透造成失误。 变式训练：（2024・天津卷阅读 D 篇） 原文（第二段）：The writer doesn’t agree that money can bring true happiness, though it can help live a better life. 题目：What is the writer’s opinion on money? A. Money surely leads to true happiness B. Money can help improve life quality C. Money is useless in daily life D. Money is the only key to happiness 易错 04：主观臆断（无原文依据，凭感觉推理） 定义：脱离原文信息，用个人经验、常识、情绪代替文本依据，过度脑补。 （2025・天津卷） 原文：After that, I would never call Miss Chevalier “Poodle” again. She said my mom was somewhat right about that. “But girls should also be wise to take up challenges when needed. I believe you are such a girl.” 71. What is the probable reason that Addie would never call Miss Chevalier “Poodle” again? A. She followed her mother’s advice. B. She made up her mind to be a polite girl. C. She was touched by Miss Chevalier’s trust. D. She felt Miss Chevalier’s teaching funny. 易错原因：只抓片段情绪，不找原文关键词、情感词、逻辑词，凭自己的想法乱推。 变式训练：（2024・天津卷） 原文：The only topic we could discuss with any genuine joy was the update of the dollhouse. She loved retelling its history — those old memories. Mom didn’t find it strange at all that her 50-year-old daughter was updating the dollhouse. She just thought it fun and beautiful. And it was. It was a world where Mom and I were at our best together. 44. What role did the dollhouse play in strengthening the emotional ties between the author and her aging mother? A. A reminder of their childhood dreams. B. A mirror of the eventful family history. C. A tool to bring back good old memories. D. A means to improve her mother’s memory. 易错 05：混淆事实与观点（把细节当态度，把陈述当推断） 定义：把原文直接陈述的事实信息当成作者观点 / 态度 / 意图，分不清 “是什么” 和 “想什么”。 秘籍：题干出现infer/imply/suggest/conclude时，不选原文原句，选 “言外之意”。 （2023・6・天津卷） 原文：Most people with good sense would accept that we can and should learn from accidental failures. It would be impossible to progress in anything, after all, without taking the occasional misstep. And by understanding how we slipped, we can avoid falling in the future. 49. In Paragraph 1, the author presents ________. A. a routine warning B. a popular misbelief C. a commonly-held view D. a theoretical assumption 易错原因：把原文事实复述当成推理答案，分不清 “题干要推断” 还是 “要细节”。 变式训练：（2022・天津卷） 原文：The EC theory suggests our body is also responsible for thinking or problem-solving. More precisely, the mind shapes the body and the body shapes the mind in equal measure. 46. According to the author, the significance of the EC theory lies in ________. A. facilitating our understanding of the origin of psychology B. revealing the major role of the mind in human cognition C. offering a clearer picture of the shape of human brain D. bringing us closer to the truth in human cognition 易错 06：过度推理（扩大范围、绝对化、反向曲解） 定义：在原文基础上扩大范围、加重语气、绝对化、把可能当必然、把部分当全部。 秘籍：优选委婉、客观、留有余地的选项；排除must/never/only/all/completely等绝对词。 （2021・天津卷） 原文：I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind. Humans do not shed skin as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The process is tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. 44. What does the author most likely want to tell us? A. Love of family helps us survive great hardships. B. It’s not the end of the world if we break things. C. We should move on no matter what happens. D. Past experiences should be treasured. 易错原因：把原文温和表述改成绝对化，把部分现象扩大成全部结论。 变式训练：（2023・3・天津卷） 原文：Now, more evidence has been provided that dogs distinguish between similar actions associated with different intentions. But how exactly they acquire such intention-reading abilities will be an exciting topic for future research. 48. What do the dogs’ different responses in “unwilling” and “unable” scenarios suggest? A. Dogs can tell “being friendly” from “being mean” B. Dogs’ intelligence is gradually evolving. C. Dogs’ intentions can be easily identified. D. Dogs are a lot more emotional than other animals. 易错 07：以偏概全（用局部细节充当全文主旨） 定义：选项只概括文章某一段、某一件事、某一细节，不能覆盖全文中心。 秘籍：主旨题优先看首尾段 + 高频词，答案必须覆盖全文内容，只涉及局部的选项直接排除。 （2025・天津卷） 原文：My great grandmother received the dollhouse (玩具小屋) from a family friend back in the late 1800s. It was then passed down from generation to generation. I was seven when I discovered it underneath the tree on Christmas morning. In our house, Mom set up a sewing area. I sat at her sewing machine, my feet barely reaching the presser foot. Mom bent over me, her hands on mine, gently guiding small bits of cloth under the needle to create dollhouse bedding. She also taught me to make mini-blankets. With a little paint and glue, Mom demonstrated that anything could be turned into dollhouse furniture. I learnt to view the world as a place of possibility. I spent hours of my girlhood sitting before my dollhouse, telling made-up stories, and creating miniatures (缩微模型). But eventually school activities took over, and the dollhouse was moved to the attic (阁楼). Over the next 40 years, the storytelling skills I’d practiced with the dollhouse grew into novel writing skills, and I developed a career as an author. One day, after hours of working on my fourth book, I took a break by surfing the Internet and happened to notice the beautiful dollhouses people posted on social media. They reminded me of mine. I went to the attic, brought it back to my room and started updating it. During the mindless hours of sewing and furnishing (布置家具), I listened to audiobooks about the history of dollhouses, learning that they were not invented for play. There’s a long, rich history of people in hardship turning to dollhouses to find comfort. They weren’t produced as toys until mass production became standard after 1945. This inspired me to create a novel where art saves the day. The truth was I myself needed art to save the day. Mom was then slipping away from me owing to progressive memory loss. The only topic we could discuss with any genuine joy was the update of the dollhouse. She loved retelling its history — those old memories. Mom didn’t find it strange at all that her 50-year-old daughter was updating the dollhouse. She just thought it fun and beautiful. And it was. It was a world where Mom and I were at our best together. 45. What would be the best title for the passage? A. The Dollhouse: A Lifelong Toy B. Growing up with the Dollhouse C. The Dollhouse: More Than Just a Toy D. Dollhouse Making and Novel Writing 易错原因：只关注文中某一段、某一细节，忽略文章首尾段、高频词、全文逻辑，把局部当整体。 变式训练：（2025・天津卷） 原文：Science serves as a powerful tool for unlocking the mysteries of the universe, but understanding its limitations is essential for its effective application. There are occasions where I have used the handle of a knife as a hammer (锤子), but the result would have been better if I’d had a more suitable tool at hand. As far as science goes, it is really good at testing things that are testable, but not so for those that are not. We can do, and have done, an impressive amount with our brains. But there are limits. Sometimes these limits go away if we keep at it for long enough — we just need better facilities and experiments to get the answer. Breaking new ground in modern science this way can be costly. Next-generation supercomputers or incredibly large telescopes are expensive, yet these may be required to find answers to some of the unsolved mysteries of the universe. Sometimes the limits we encounter in trying to unlock the nature of the universe are cognitive (认知的). Think about this: human DNA is only about 1.2 percent different from that of chimps (黑猩猩). Chimps are smart, no question. But could you teach them advanced mathematics? What if our DNA were another 1.2 percent further evolved than it is? What might our brains be capable of then? The level of abstract thinking might be unimaginable. Sometimes the limits we hit are fundamental. There are laws of nature we may never be able to understand, however advanced our brains might become. There are experiments we might never be able to perform. We may never be able to test what caused the universe to be created, and what caused the cause of the universe being created. This is where science may never break through. For something to be considered scientific, it must, by definition, be testable. There is a problem here: it may not need to be testable right now, but it must be testable at some point in the future by experiment. If an idea is untestable, that doesn’t mean it is wrong. It means it is untestable for now. These untestable ideas also happen to be some of the most interesting ones, probably because they’ve puzzled humanity for centuries. 55. What has the author added to the definition of a scientific idea? A. Correct ideas are testable. B. Untestable ideas can be true. C. Some scientific ideas may never be testable. D. An idea must be testable to be seen as correct. 易错 08：范围不当（范围过大 / 过小，与文章不匹配） 定义：选项概括过于宽泛（太大）或过于狭窄（太小），与文章主题范围不匹配。 秘籍：选择范围适中、紧扣文章主题、含文章高频词的选项；过大、过小、太笼统的选项直接排除。 （2025・6月・天津卷） 原文：All animals take in oxygen from the air they breathe in, and release CO₂ from their blood when breathing out. Most mammals (哺乳动物) can’t directly detect oxygen levels in the blood supplied to their tissues. Instead, they rely on the rising level of CO₂ in their blood to signal that they might need to take a breath. But a recent study published in Science suggests seals (海豹) can sense the amount of oxygen in the blood, and change their diving behavior in response. To find out if oxygen levels affected seal behavior, Professor McKnight at the University of St. Andrews and his colleagues created a special section in a pool where young seals were held. In one corner, there was a breathing chamber (呼吸室), where they were sheltered from the rain and the wind. The breathing chamber was surrounded by panels that prevented surface swimming, yet swimming below the surface for about 200 feet would give the seals access to a feeder where they could eat as much fish as they liked. Once the seals got familiar with the setup, the researchers started to gradually change the composition of the air in the breathing chamber, increasing or reducing the levels of oxygen and CO₂ to see an effect on their behavior. Sure enough: the higher the level of oxygen, the longer the seals stayed at the feeder. The finding suggests that seals don’t just physically respond to oxygen levels by changing their heart rate or breathing, but that they are sufficiently aware of them to change their behavior. This ability would put seals in a class beyond any land mammals that have been tested. Since oxygen levels on land remain stable, humans don’t seem to have evolved (演化) to notice low blood oxygen levels, sometimes not even when they’re about to pass out in free-diving. Therefore in free-diving without oxygen tanks, accidents are quite common. Our reliance on sensing CO₂ levels in our blood instead of oxygen may be to blame. Actually, this is a perfectly reasonable strategy on land, where growing CO₂ tends to signal breathing issues. But when holding our breath during diving, relying on CO₂ levels is risky, especially on repeated dives. Because every time we surface and breathe in, our sensitivity to CO₂ is decreased, even if its levels are already high, and this increases the chance that a person will, without awareness, pass out before they get to the surface. 50. Which statement is probably supported by McKnight’s seal research? A. Seals have evolved to survive in low oxygen environments. B. Seals are quick to sense oxygen levels and act accordingly. C. Seals can maintain their heart rate even with low blood oxygen levels. D. Seals are more sensitive to changes in the environment than other mammals. 易错原因：不会判断主题范围，把通用大道理当作文章主旨，或把细节小话题当作中心。 变式训练：（2022・天津卷） 原文：I’m an 18-year-old pre-medical student, tall and good-looking, with two short story books and quite a number of essays my credit. Why am I singing such praises of myself? Just to explain that he attainment of self-pride comes from a great deal of self-love, and to attain it, one must first learn to accept oneself as one is. That was where my struggle began. Born and raised in Africa，I had always taken my African origin as burden. My self-dislike was further fueled when my family had to relocate to Norway, where I attended a high school. Compared to all the white girls around me, with their golden hair and delicate lips, I ,a black girl, had curly hair and full, red lips. My nose often had a thin sheet of sweat on it, whatever the weather was. I just wanted to bury myself in my shell crying “I’m so different!” What also contributed to my self-dislike was my occasional stuttering (口吃), which had weakened my self-confidence. It always stood between me and any fine opportunity. I’d taken it as an excuse to avoid any public speaking sessions, and unknowingly let it rule over me. Fortunately, as I grew older, there came a turning point. One day a white girl caught my eye on the school bus when she suddenly turned back. To my astonishment, she had a thin sheet of sweat on her nose too, and it was in November! “Wow,” I whispered to myself, “this isn’t a genetic(遗传的) disorder after all. It’s perfectly normal.” Days later, my life took an-other twist(转折). Searching the internet for stuttering cures, I accidentally learned that such famous people as Isaac Newton and Winston Churchill also stuttered. I was greatly relieved and then an idea suddenly hit me—if I’m smart, I shouldn’t allow my stuttering to stand between me and my success. Another boost to my self-confidence came days later as I was watching the news about Oprah Winfrey, the famous talkshow host and writer—she’s black too! Whenever I think of her story and my former dislike of my color, I’m practically filled with shame. Today, I’ve grown to accept what I am with pride; it simply gives me feeling of uniqueness. The idea of self-love has taken on a whole new meaning for me: there’s always something fantastic about us, and what w need to do is learn to appreciate it. 45. What can best summarize the message contained in the passage? A. Pride comes before a fall. B. Where there is a will, there is a way. C. Self-acceptance is based on the love for oneself. DSelf-love is key to the attainment of self-pride. 抢分通关1 （应用文） （2026·天津滨海新区·一模）Student Development Programs for Graduating Seniors Program 1: Academic Transition Workshop This workshop is designed to bridge the gap between high school and university academics. Experienced lecturers will introduce efficient research methods, academic writing norms, and critical thinking skills that are essential for further study. The program has attracted hundreds of students in the previous two years and receives wide praise from both participants and educators. Many graduates say it has greatly benefited their first-year college study. Time: June 10–12, 9:00–11:30 a.m. Fee: $25, including learning materials. Requirement: Basic English comprehension and active participation. Participants are expected to arrive 10 minutes early for check-in and bring their own notebooks for note-taking. Program 2: Leadership & Teamwork Training This program focuses on developing students’ ability to cooperate, communicate, and take responsibility in group tasks. Through role‑play and team‑based projects, participants will improve their problem‑solving skills and build confidence. The training center is well-equipped with modern facilities and comfortable seating, creating a pleasant learning environment for all attendees. Time: June 14, 8:00 a.m.–4:00 p.m. Quota: Limited to 50 participants. Registration: Deadline is June 10. Applications sent by email will not be accepted; all forms must be handed in to the student office. Program 3: Community Service & Social Research Unlike traditional volunteer work, this program requires students to conduct field surveys, analyze local needs, and propose simple solutions. It helps students gain a sense of social responsibility and practical experience. This project is supported by several local organizations and community leaders who value the development of young people. Time: June 17–26 (weekdays only) Benefit: A completion certificate will be awarded to every participant. Certificates will be given out on the last day of the program and can be used in future college applications. Program 4: College Life Guidance Lecture This lecture offers professional advice on campus life, including time management, interpersonal relationships, and rational consumption. It helps graduates make a smooth transition to college life and avoid unnecessary worries. The lecture will be held in the school hall, which can hold over 300 people and is equipped with sound and projection systems. Time: June 28, 2:00–4:00 p.m. Note: Free of charge. No online booking is needed. Light drinks will be provided for free during the 15-minute break between sections. 1．What is the goal of Academic Transition Workshop? A．To train students to be full-time researchers. B．To prepare students for college study. C．To offer free guidance on job hunting. D．To improve high school teaching methods. 2．What should students do to join Leadership & Teamwork Training? A．Pay a $25 fee. B．Work in groups in advance. C．Take a written test first. D．Apply before June 10. 3．What are participants required to do in Community Service & Social Research? A．Carry out surveys and put forward simple solutions. B．Provide free food and drinks for community members. C．Give completion certificates to other participants. D．Cooperate with local organizations to offer training. 4．What can we infer about College Life Guidance Lecture? A．It will last more than two hours. B．Participants must book online. C．It is divided into several parts. D．Drinks are offered for a low price. 5．What can we infer about the four programs from the passage? A．They all require applicants to have basic English skills. B．They are all designed to help graduates prepare for future life. C．They all charge fees for learning materials. D．They all limit the number of participants. 抢分通关2 （记叙文） （2026·天津·模拟预测）Normally I pass my morning commute absorbed in a book, headphones on. I miss a lot of what’s going on around me, but my reading hours are so limited and my “Books Read in2025” list is so embarrassingly short that I give up presence to get a couple of chapters in. On a recent day, however, I kept my book in my bag and made a game of looking at the people around me and imagining what their voices sound like. This game isn’t really fun, as games go, but it keeps me occupied, noticing, engaged with the world rather than ignoring it. In his poem “Everything Is Waiting for You,” David Whyte addresses the fundamental error of assuming separateness from everything and everyone else. “As if life were a progressive and cunning crime/ with no witness to the tiny hidden transgressions (越界).” He advises the reader to become alert. “You must note/ the way the soap dish enables you, or the window latch grants you freedom.” The ordinary items around us are animate (有生命的) in his reading of the world. And not only that — they’re likely to look on us favorably, to enable us, free us. My retreat into books while on the train is only partly about getting reading done. It’s also about shutting out distraction, because I think that whatever is happening around me is disturbing, at the very least extraneous to my central purpose, which is getting from A to B． Sitting and just being in space with strangers, instead of retreating into a book or a phone, sometimes requires a mental shift. Who and what else is here? What if these noise-canceling headphones are keeping me from hearing the actually quite charming voices of the people beside me? If I want to feel more connected to other people, then what’s protective isn’t always productive. Or, as Whyte instructs, “Put down the weight of your aloneness and ease into the/conversation.” 1．Why does the author usually bury herself in a book during her commute? A．To catch up on reading. B．To improve her public image. C．To observe strangers secretly. D．To make the commute feel shorter. 2．What does David Whyte seem to think of the world in his poem? A．A test that challenges us. B．A presence that supports us. C．A stage where we perform alone. D．A place where we make mistakes. 3．What does the underlined word “extraneous” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Irrelevant. B．Dangerous. C．Unusual. D．Essential. 4．What does the author encourage readers to do? A．Keep to yourself and avoid small talk. B．Escape into books and block out noise. C．Listen to inner thoughts and reflect on them. D．Put down the headphones and tune in to others. 5．What can we infer from the author’s experience of giving up reading on the commute? A．She found the game of imagining voices extremely interesting. B．She realized that being engaged with the world is meaningful. C．She decided to stop reading books during all her daily trips. D．She felt disturbed by the noises from the people around her. 抢分通关3 （说明文） （25-26高三上·天津河东·期末）In the bustling heart of modern cities, where skyscrapers tower overhead and concrete spreads like a vast blanket, urban community gardens have emerged as vibrant oases of green. These small plots of land — nestled between apartment buildings, on rooftop terraces, or in abandoned lots — are more than just places to grow vegetables and flowers; they are powerful connectors of people, cultures, and nature. What began as a simple way to reclaim unused space has evolved into a global movement that enriches both individuals and communities. For city dwellers, community gardens offer a rare chance to reconnect with the natural world. Many urban residents spend their days in offices or apartments, far from the rhythms of growing things. Tending to soil, planting seeds, and watching plants mature provides a therapeutic escape from the stress of city life. Studies have shown that gardening reduces anxiety and improves mental well-being, as the act of nurturing life fosters a sense of purpose and calm. Children, too, benefit greatly — they learn where food comes from, develop a sense of responsibility, and gain hands-on experience with science and nature, lessons that textbooks alone cannot teach. Beyond personal benefits, these gardens strengthen community bonds. Neighbors from diverse backgrounds come together to share tools, exchange gardening tips, and celebrate harvests. Elderly residents pass down traditional farming knowledge, while younger generations bring fresh ideas and energy. In many neighborhoods, garden plots become spaces for cultural exchange, where immigrants grow native plants and share recipes with their neighbors, creating a tapestry of flavors and traditions. During the harvest season, shared feasts bring everyone together, turning acquaintances into friends and building a sense of belonging that is often missing in fast-paced urban environments. Urban community gardens also play a vital role in promoting sustainability. They reduce food miles by providing locally grown produce, cutting down on the carbon emissions associated with transportation. By absorbing rainwater, they help mitigate urban flooding, and their plants improve air quality by filtering pollutants. In areas with limited access to fresh food, these gardens act as community fridges, ensuring that low-income families have access to nutritious vegetables and fruits. As cities face the challenges of climate change and rapid urbanization, community gardens offer a simple yet effective way to build resilience and create more livable spaces. In a world that often feels disconnected, urban community gardens remind us of the power of working together and caring for the earth. They are living proof that even in the busiest cities, a little bit of green can grow into something extraordinary-nurturing not just plants, but people, communities, and a more sustainable future. 1．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce the history of urban community gardens. B．To explain the multiple values of urban community gardens. C．To discuss the challenges of maintaining urban community gardens. D．To compare urban community gardens with traditional farms. 2．Which of the following is a benefit of urban community gardens for children? A．They can learn traditional farming skills from immigrants. B．They can reduce the carbon emissions of the family. C．They can gain practical experience with science and nature. D．They can organize shared feasts with neighborhood adults. 3．The underlined phrase “food miles” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to _____. A．the distance food travels from production to consumption B．the number of miles people walk to buy fresh food C．the area of land used to grow food in cities D．the time it takes for food to ripen in gardens 4．We can infer from the passage that urban community gardens _____. A．are mainly built on rooftop terraces in big cities B．help improve the social connection in urban areas C．have solved the problem of food shortage for low-income families D．require professional gardening knowledge to maintain 5．What is the author’s attitude towards urban community gardens? A．Critical. B．Doubtful. C．Neutral. D．Supportive. 抢分通关4 （议论文） （25-26高三下·天津南开·开学考试）Life can be metaphorically perceived as a vast wilderness, an extensive and uncharted terrain waiting to be explored. This analogy (类比) carries profound implications that can offer us unique insights into the essence of existence and guide us towards a more fulfilling and purposeful life. The wilderness is vast, mysterious, and full of uncertainties, much like life itself. When we step into this wilderness that is life, we are faced with the unknown at every turn. There are no predetermined paths, no clear signposts to direct us towards our destination. We must rely on our instincts, our inner compass, to find our way forward. This uncertainty can be daunting, yet it is precisely this uncertainty that makes life infused with adventure and potential. Just as explorers in a wilderness must be prepared to face unexpected challenges and adapt to ever-changing circumstances, we too must cultivate resilience and flexibility in our life journey. We will encounter obstacles that seem insurmountable, situations that test our patience and resolve. However, it is through these trials that we discover our inner strength and capabilities that we never knew we possessed. Each difficulty overcome is a step forward in our personal growth and development. Moreover, the wilderness is a place of solitude (孤独) and self-discovery. In the quiet expanse of the wilderness, away from the noise and distractions of civilization, one can hear the faint voice of their inner self. Similarly, life provides us with moments of solitude, times when we are stripped of external validations and material possessions, and are left alone with our thoughts. These moments, though sometimes uncomfortable, are crucial for self-reflection and introspection (自省). They allow us to question our values, our goals, and our direction in life. It is in these moments of stillness that we can reconnect with our true passions and desires, away from the influences and expectations of others. We can then use this clarity to make more authentic and meaningful choices about our future. Furthermore, the wilderness is teeming with diverse flora and fauna (动植物), each species coexisting and interacting within a delicate ecosystem. Life too is marked by its diversity and interconnectedness. We encounter people from different backgrounds, cultures, and walks of life, each bringing their unique perspectives and experiences. These interactions enrich our understanding of the world and broaden our horizons. Just as the wilderness thrives on biodiversity, our lives are made more vibrant and complete through the diverse relationships we form. We learn from others, we share and exchange ideas, and together we create a richer tapestry (织锦) of human experience. In this wilderness called life, we are both the explorers and the explored. As we venture forth, we not only discover new landscapes but also uncover new facets of ourselves. The journey is not always easy, but it is in the challenges and the unknown that we find the opportunity for growth and transformation. So let us embrace this wilderness with courage and curiosity. Let us not fear the uncertainties and the solitude, but see them as stepping stones towards a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us. In doing so, we can truly live a life that is authentic, meaningful, and rich in experience. 1．Why does the author compare life to a wilderness? A．Both require external guidance. B．Both present challenges that preparation can solve. C．Both confront us with uncontrollable conditions. D．Both reward those who follow established paths. 2．According to Paragraph 2, what can we learn about life’s uncertainty? A．It makes life more adventurous. B．It requires us to be adaptable. C．It helps us discover inner strengths. D．It teaches us to set realistic goals. 3．What does the underlined phrase “stripped of” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．reminded of B．robbed of C．proud of D．aware of 4．What is the primary purpose of the author’s reference to “delicate ecosystem” in paragraph 4? A．To emphasize that each person plays a role in the whole. B．To suggest that human relationships require ongoing effort. C．To highlight the interdependent nature of human connections. D．To remind readers that humans are easily affected by others. 5．What does the author want to convey through the last paragraph? A．Enduring life’s inevitable hardships shapes who we become. B．Exploring the unknown reveals the mysteries within ourselves. C．Exploring outward and looking inward uncover new selves. D．Mastering both the world and oneself defines a true explorer. 6．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Life: A Journey into the Unknown B．The Wilderness: A Place of Solitude C．How to Survive in the Wilderness of Life D．Explorers and Their Adventure in Nature 语篇押题1 （应用文） （25-26高二上·天津·月考）Interested in learning a new language but don’t know where to start? Here are the best online language learning courses we’ve put together for your reference. Rosetta Stone Price: $7.99 per month — $199 one-time payment Number of languages: 28 Rosetta Stone has long been known as the go-to service for new language learners. It offers lessons that are short enough to complete each day, but long enough to actually get something out of. Rosetta Stone’s interface (界面) is generally easy to use, and its lessons include reading, writing, speaking and listening, all in one lesson. You can also choose to subscribe (订阅) to a monthly payment or purchase a lifetime license. Duolingo Price: Free — $6.99 per month Number of languages: 36 Duolingo has risen as a serious competitor to Rosetta Stone over the past few years. The service is perhaps best known for its Android and iOS apps and those apps are available for free, which makes it easy to practice your chosen language without having to make a serious commitment. Alternatively, you can sign up for Duolingo Plus, which removes ads, offers offline courses, and more. Many consider Duolingo to be better for those who want to practice a language rather than learning from the very beginning. Babbel Price: $6.95 per month — $12.95 per month Number of languages: 14 Looking for a service to challenge your language-learning skills? Babbel may be the way to go. Babbel is excellent at teaching phrases and words that you’ll actually use on a day-to-day basis. The service is also relatively cheap, so if you’re unsure if you want to commit to learning a new language yet, the low subscription prices ensure you don’t have to make a huge commitment. Memrise Price: $6.67 per month — $119.99 one-time payment Number of languages: 16 If you learn best through repetition and flashcards (识字卡), then Memrise may be the service for you. It’s relatively inexpensive, making it easier to sign up. Memrise isn’t necessarily the service for those who want to learn a language from scratch (从头开始), but it’s a great learning aid, and good for those who already have a foundation in language-learning. 1．What is special about Rosetta Stone? A．It features a simple interface without ads. B．It is intended for high-level learners. C．It helps improve various language skills. D．It offers a one-month free trial. 2．What is Babbel’s focus when it comes to teaching language? A．Grammatical rules and syntactic structures. B．Accent and pronunciation. C．Vocabulary and everyday phrases. D．Cultural customs and traditions. 3．Which of the following is TRUE about Memrise? A．It’s very expensive for most learners. B．It’s not a good choice for people with basic language . C．It’s easy to sign up because of its low price. D．It offers more than 20 languages for learning. 4．What do Duolingo and Memrise have in common? A．They offer free Android and iOS apps. B．They are more suitable for people with certain basis. C．They allow users to take offline courses. D．They provide courses of over 20 languages. 5．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To encourage students to learn a new language. B．To provide four apps for only English learners. C．To show the benefits of learning language online. D．To introduce four language learning courses online. 语篇押题2 （记叙文） （2026·天津河东·一模）“Kevin! Kevin! Did you hear what I said?” Ms. Reed, the band director, looked straight at him — she wanted him to take Robin’s place, since Robin had broken her arm, and play a solo at the concert. Kevin agreed, trying hard to hide his sadness: he was terrified of performing on stage, freezing up completely when playing alone, even though he was the best saxophone player in his middle school band and played with the senior high band too. James, his bandmate, felt sorry for him and shared how he’d fainted on stage during a solo because he was so nervous. The story only made Kevin more worried, but something worse was coming. Kelly, the overly competitive top flutist in the state, stopped him, saying that the Youth Symphony director would come to the concert to listen to his solo — and if he played well, he could get a chance to try out. Her words made him feel heavy inside; he’d wanted to join the Youth Symphony for a long time but never had the courage to audition. Running out of the school, Kevin thought of excuses to skip the solo: pretending to be ill, saying he’d hurt his finger. But he knew his parents would see he was lying, and hurting his finger on purpose was too dangerous. By the time he got home, his mom was very happy, talking excitedly about the Youth Symphony chance and Ms. Reed’s praise. Kevin lied that his day was okay, then went down to the furnace room — called “Kevin’s Dungeon” — his practice space. He picked up his saxophone, took a deep breath, and started to play. This time, he didn’t focus on the fear of messing up; he focused on the music he loved. Maybe this solo wasn’t a nightmare — it was a chance to turn his dream into reality. The final note faded, and loud applause burst out. Kevin smiled and felt a warm rush of joy in his heart. He finally understood that courage isn’t the lack of fear, but going ahead in spite of it. Dreams never come to those who run away from challenges; they always wait for those who dare to face their fears and try. 1．Why did Ms. Reed ask Kevin to play the solo at the concert? A．Kevin was the most skilled sax player in the senior high band. B．Robin was unable to perform due to a broken arm. C．The Youth Symphony director personally recommended Kevin. D．Kevin had been eager to get the solo opportunity for a long time. 2．The underlined phrase “freezing up” in Paragraph 1 probably means _________. A．staying calm to deal with the performance B．feeling extremely cold on the frightening stage C．having great confidence in playing the solo D．being unable to move or act because of nervousness 3．What made Kevin’s anxiety grow after he received the solo task? A．James told him about his own embarrassing solo experience. B．His mother didn’t believe he could perform well on stage. C．Kelly laughed at him for lacking the courage to audition. D．He found his practice room was too small to play the saxophone. 4．We can infer from the last paragraph that Kevin finally chose to _________. A．pretend to be sick and miss the concert instantly B．gave up his dream of joining the Youth Symphony C．face the challenge and practice for the solo actively D．ask the band director to replace him with another student 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．A Successful Solo Performance B．The Competitive Flutist Kelly C．A Strict, Generous and Kind Band Director D．Stage Fright and A New Chance 语篇押题3 （说明文） （2026·天津·一模）In the animal kingdom, counting skills are known to help grab bigger meals or find safety in group sizes. But clownfish may have uncovered another ‌“value” in numbers: identification. Despite their cute appearance, clownfish are territorial and aggressive. When they spot a member of their own species moving towards their place, they attack, biting and throwing out unwelcome visitors. There are 28 different species of clownfish, however. So how do they actually tell friends from enemies? Depending on the species, clownfish can have anywhere from zero to three white stripes. Previous research suggested the fish pay close attention to these markings. In a 2022 study, scientists found clownfish display more aggressive behavior (e.g., running after or biting others) toward fish with vertical stripes compared with those with horizontal stripes. This time around, ecologist Hayashi and colleagues assumed the fish could actually count those stripes. They placed 50 young, lab-raised common clownfish — which display the typical orange pattern like ‌“Nemo” (a clownfish with three stripes from the film Finding Nemo) — into individual water tanks. Then, the researchers added other clownfish species, which had white stripes ranging from 0 to 3 and were protected inside a see-through case, in the original clownfish’s territory and filmed their reaction. The ‌“native” fish couldn’t run after or bite the newcomers, but they could still rush them and stare them down. And that’s what happened when the newcomers wore the same number of stripes as the resident clownfish. They found that the native clownfish were the hardest on members of their own species with three white stripes. Those fish were run after and bitten 10 times more than those without stripes. Attacks on those fish were two times more frequent than on single-striped ones, and 1.3 times more frequent than on double-striped ones. It turned out that the researchers’ assumption had solid evidence. Even so, biologist Rhodes questions whether the animals are really counting or just noticing more white coloration on the attacked fish. ‌“Maybe researchers could further clarify clownfish’s calculating capacity,” adds Rhodes. ‌“An experiment that goes beyond stripes could help. Could these fish learn, for example, to prefer two squares to three squares?” 1．What new use of counting skills have clownfish demonstrated? A．Building up a large group. B．Making out potential threats. C．Finding reliable food sources. D．Measuring the size of their territory. 2．What did the 2022 study about clownfish focus on? A．The way they defend their territory. B．The diversity of their stripe patterns. C．The impact of their aggression on other species. D．The role of stripe patterns in their behavioral reaction. 3．How was the new study conducted? A．By observing clownfish in their natural habitat. B．By analyzing films themed with clownfish. C．By comparing behaviors of clownfish. D．By referring to previous research data. 4．Which of the following is a Nemo-like clownfish most likely to attack? A．A three-striped fish. B．A double-striped fish. C．A fish with one stripe. D．A fish without stripes. 5．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Rhodes in the last paragraph? A．To point out the significance of the study. B．To lead to an alternative viewpoint on the study. C．To show appreciation of clownfish’s learning ability. D．To support the researchers’ findings about clownfish. 语篇押题4 （议论文） （2026·天津南开·一模）In an era dominated by digital streams, my appreciation deepens for physical diaries — handwritten on paper — as a vital guard against the widespread influence of AI. Human thoughts and expressions risk being abused, processed by algorithms (算法) that lack insights. AI models often greedily swallow artists’ and writers’ works to fuel their systems, putting almost all online content under threat. The physical nature of diaries forms a crucial defense. If we hope to preserve the real human voice from chatbots and refuse to let our writing train AI, a pen and a simple notebook may be our strongest tools. Diaries are uniquely suited to capturing individual lives and imaginations. The very essence of a diary is temporary, meant to catch life’s short-lived moments. This is a task chatbots cannot perform, because they lack genuine perception, thought, or tender human senses. A diary serves as a secure space for one’s deepest feelings and reflections on the world, a form of thinking irreplaceable by AI. Its physical form offers a screen-free shelter for mindfulness, fostering a deeper connection with one’s thoughts. The power of handwritten diaries also lies in their resistance to digital erosion. Unlike mobile phones that limit prospects and lock users out of their own minds, a physical diary does not fog brains, numb fingers, or profit from personal data. It remains a personal possession, beyond the reach of AI companies seeking training data. The act of writing by hand enhances memory and emotional expression, creating a physical record of one’s life journey. This non-digital activity offers a deliberate break from the restless digital pace, offering a routine of self-care and a bridge between the past, present and future. Throughout history, diaries have served as lasting records against powerful structures. Our collective memory would be poorer without Anne Frank’s messages or the diary that begins George Orwell’s “Nineteen Eighty-Four”. Diarists form a universal underground, using pen and paper to resist the threats of the digital world. They protect not just privacy but the very integrity of personal stories from algorithm-based control of information and data mining. Ultimately, the humble diary is more than a record; it is an act of protection. In the quiet conversation between pen and paper, we safeguard the human voice— imperfect, personal, and free from the tide of artificial intelligence. What role does the physical diary play in the digital world? 1．What role does the physical diary play in the digital world? A．A tech-free space for deeper self-reflection. B．A tool to quickly generate more information. C．An opportunity to defend passed-down heritage. D．An instruction on how to embrace new technology. 2．What advantage does handwriting have over mobile phones to keep diaries? A．It bears significant health and social benefits. B．It allows for much faster data input and output. C．It raises much awareness of self, time and space. D．It involves both mental and emotional responses. 3．How does the fourth paragraph contribute to the passage’s argument? A．By suggesting potentials in economy and reputation. B．By listing supporting and typical examples in history. C．By summarizing previously discussed perspectives. D．By analyzing from the view of diary enthusiasts. 4．What can be inferred about those who keep diaries? A．They are strongly opposed to technological progress. B．They believe AI will wipe out diaries sooner or later. C．They value privacy and sincerity over convenience. D．They write mainly for public recognition and fame. 5．What is the author’s attitude towards physical diaries? A．Critical. B．Indifferent. C．Positive. D．Doubtful. 21 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 抢分秘籍阅读理解 (天津专用) 解析版 目录 一、阅读理解应试秘籍.......................................................................................................................01 二、阅读理解误区点拨(8条)..............................................................................................................03 二、阅读理解抢分通关...................................................................................................................14 四、阅读理解语篇押题......................................................................................................................26 命题轨迹透视 近 5 年，阅读理解四篇阅读以应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文四种语篇类型进行命题。 考点频次总结 考点 2025年 2024年 2023年 2022年 2021年 应用文 1篇 1篇 1篇 1篇 1篇 记叙文 1篇 1篇 1篇 1篇 1篇 说明文 1篇 1篇 1篇 1篇 1篇 议论文 1篇 1篇 1篇 1篇 1篇 2026命题预测 预计2026年，阅读仍以应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文四种语篇类型进行命题，从人与社会、人与自我、人与自然三大维度作为出题话题，重点需要关注这些文章均出现在外刊中的鲜活语料。注意细节理解与主旨把握相结合，重点加强长难句翻译与语篇分析。 一、解题秘籍： 应用文：看标题→找题干→定位原文→直接选 记叙文：读起因→经过→结果→抓情感态度 说明文：找对象→看特征→理逻辑→选同义替换 议论文：找论点→看首尾→辨态度→排除绝对词 二、解题口诀： 先题后文定题型，圈画关键词不懵；应用文寻找信息，记叙文抓牢情节； 说明议论找主旨，首尾段是核心处；细节定位原文句，主旨不选太片面。 三、解题步骤： 第一步：先读题干，圈定定位关键词。 先不读文章，直接看题目，圈出题干中的人名、地名、时间、数字、专有名词、否定词、最高级等显眼信息。这些词是快速找到答案位置的核心依据，能帮你省去通读全文的时间，精准锁定答题区间，避免盲目阅读。 第二步：判断文体，选用对应解题思路。 根据文章特征快速判定文体，按固定套路处理。应用文直接找信息匹配；记叙文梳理人物、事件、情感；说明文明确说明对象与特征；议论文抓住作者观点与态度，不同文体用不同方法，不混用、不跑偏。 第三步：回文定位，锁定答案原句。 带着题干关键词回到文章中，逐段扫描查找对应信息，找到与关键词匹配的句子。答案通常就在定位句本身或上下相邻句，不用大范围精读，找到即停，保证答题速度。 第四步：比对选项，排除干扰稳选答案。 将定位句与四个选项逐一对照，优先选同义替换的表述。果断排除绝对化用词、无中生有、偷换概念、以偏概全、过度推理的干扰项，忠于原文信息，不凭主观想象判断。 第五步：复核主旨，确保全文逻辑一致。 做完细节题后，用首尾段、高频词、文章标题核对主旨大意题，保证所选答案贴合文章中心，不与文章整体立场矛盾，避免细节作对、主旨丢分。 易错点1：张冠李戴（信息匹配错误） 定义：将文中A的主体、行为、对象、特征错误安到B身上，选项含原文原词但对象错位。 秘籍：定位后圈出「谁→做什么→对谁」，完全匹配再选。 （2024・天津卷阅读 A 篇） 原文（Guidelines for Visitors 部分）： Please bear in mind some simple rules for your visit:Only trained working dogs are permitted to enter the Garden.Children must stay with a grown-up at all times.Stick strictly to the paths and lawns (草坪).Do not climb the trees.Please do not pick any part of a growing plant.Cycling and ball games are not permitted in the Garden. 题目：A kid is allowed to visit the Garden when they are ________. A. well trained B. with a bicycle C. accompanied by an adult D. guided by their working dog 【答案】C 【解析】根据 Guidelines for Visitors部分 “Children must stay with a grown-up at all times.”可知，孩子任何时候都必须由成年人陪同。易误选 D，D 项针对工作犬，与儿童无关，属于典型张冠李戴。 易错原因：只抓原文原词，不核对主语、动作、对象是否与题干一致。 变式训练：（2023・6 天津卷阅读 B 篇） 原文（第三段）：My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom. She was like, “Join the swim team, Tara. Your sister is a good swimmer;surely you will be, too.” What she refused to acknowledge, however, was that I was visibly afraid of water. 题目：What did Mom ask Tara to do? A. Join the swim team B. Learn to play the violin C. Climb mountains D. Paint pictures 【答案】A 【解析】定位原文第三段，妈妈让Tara加入游泳队。易误将姐姐的特长安到作者身上，属于张冠李戴。 易错点2：无中生有（原文无对应信息） 定义：选项使用原文个别词汇，但原文无明确表述、无逻辑支撑，属于凭空编造。 秘籍；对于原文找不到依据的选项，直接排除。 （2025・天津卷阅读 A 篇） 原文（第一段）：You can either pay at the Ticket Office on arrival, or book your tickets online. Please note: Tickets cannot be used on any date other than the one they were booked for and are non-refundable (不可退款的). 题目：What should a potential visitor take note of before booking a ticket to the Garden? A. Whether one can afford the visit. B. Whether the Garden website is accessible. C. Whether one can accept the ticket-booking policy. D. Whether the tickets are still available at the Ticket Office. 【答案】C 【解析】根据原文第一段 “Tickets cannot be used on any date other than the one they were booked for and are non-refundable.” 可知，游客需接受票务政策。A、B、D 三项在原文中均未提及，属于无中生有。 易错原因：脱离原文，凭常识主观脑补，未验证选项是否原文明确出现。 变式训练：（2022・天津卷阅读 B 篇） 原文（第二段）：Born and raised in Africa，I had always taken my African origin as burden. My self-dislike was further fueled when my family had to relocate to Norway, where I attended a high school. Compared to all the white girls around me, with their golden hair and delicate lips, I, a black girl, had curly hair and full, red lips. 题目：What affected the author’s adjustment to her school life in Norway? A. Her appearance B. Social discrimination C. Her changing emotions D. The climate in Norway 【答案】A 【解析】原文只提到外貌差异，B、C、D 均为原文未提及信息，属于无中生有。 易错 03：曲解文意（对原文信息理解错误） 定义：选项看似与原文相关，但歪曲、误读、反解原文句意，多因逻辑词、语气、范围判断失误。 秘籍；精读定位句完整句意，同义替换为答案，扭曲句意直接排除。 （2025・天津卷阅读 C 篇） 原文（第一段）：All animals take in oxygen from the air they breathe in, and release CO₂ from their blood when breathing out. Most mammals (哺乳动物) can’t directly detect oxygen levels in the blood supplied to their tissues. Instead, they rely on the rising level of CO₂ in their blood to signal that they might need to take a breath. 题目：What do most mammals rely on to determine when to take a breath? A. The growing amount of CO₂ in their blood. B. The rising level of oxygen in their lungs. C. The intensity of their physical activity. D. The blood supply to body tissues. 【答案】A 【解析】原文明确说明大多数哺乳动物依靠血液中二氧化碳含量上升判断呼吸。B 项曲解为氧气，C、D 为无关信息，均属曲解文意。 易错原因：部分考生没有吃透原文，仅仅根据题干和选项随意在原文寻找依据，同时对关键句因逻辑词、语气、范围判断失误没有吃透造成失误。 变式训练：（2024・天津卷阅读 D 篇） 原文（第二段）：The writer doesn’t agree that money can bring true happiness, though it can help live a better life. 题目：What is the writer’s opinion on money? A. Money surely leads to true happiness B. Money can help improve life quality C. Money is useless in daily life D. Money is the only key to happiness 【答案】B 【解析】原文指出金钱不能带来真正幸福，但能改善生活。A、D 完全曲解作者态度，C 过于绝对且与原文矛盾。 易错 04：主观臆断（无原文依据，凭感觉推理） 定义：脱离原文信息，用个人经验、常识、情绪代替文本依据，过度脑补。 （2025・天津卷） 原文：After that, I would never call Miss Chevalier “Poodle” again. She said my mom was somewhat right about that. “But girls should also be wise to take up challenges when needed. I believe you are such a girl.” 71. What is the probable reason that Addie would never call Miss Chevalier “Poodle” again? A. She followed her mother’s advice. B. She made up her mind to be a polite girl. C. She was touched by Miss Chevalier’s trust. D. She felt Miss Chevalier’s teaching funny. 【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。由第九段中 “But girls should also be wise to take up challenges when needed. I believe you are such a girl. (但女孩们也应该明智地在需要时接受挑战。我相信你就是这样一个女孩)” 可推知，老师的信任令作者感动，所以作者再也不会称谢瓦利埃小姐为 “卷毛狗”。故选 C 项。 易错原因：只抓片段情绪，不找原文关键词、情感词、逻辑词，凭自己的想法乱推。 变式训练：（2024・天津卷） 原文：The only topic we could discuss with any genuine joy was the update of the dollhouse. She loved retelling its history — those old memories. Mom didn’t find it strange at all that her 50-year-old daughter was updating the dollhouse. She just thought it fun and beautiful. And it was. It was a world where Mom and I were at our best together. 44. What role did the dollhouse play in strengthening the emotional ties between the author and her aging mother? A. A reminder of their childhood dreams. B. A mirror of the eventful family history. C. A tool to bring back good old memories. D. A means to improve her mother’s memory. 【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “The only topic we could discuss with any genuine joy was the update of the dollhouse. She loved retelling its history — those old memories.” 可知，玩具小屋是作者和母亲一起回忆美好旧时光的工具，在母亲记忆力衰退的情况下，它成为了加强她们之间情感联系的纽带。故选 C 项。 易错 05：混淆事实与观点（把细节当态度，把陈述当推断） 定义：把原文直接陈述的事实信息当成作者观点 / 态度 / 意图，分不清 “是什么” 和 “想什么”。 秘籍：题干出现infer/imply/suggest/conclude时，不选原文原句，选 “言外之意”。 （2023・6・天津卷） 原文：Most people with good sense would accept that we can and should learn from accidental failures. It would be impossible to progress in anything, after all, without taking the occasional misstep. And by understanding how we slipped, we can avoid falling in the future. 49. In Paragraph 1, the author presents ________. A. a routine warning B. a popular misbelief C. a commonly-held view D. a theoretical assumption 【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段 “Most people with good sense would accept that we can and should learn from accidental failures.” 可知，作者在第一段提出了一个人们普遍认同的观点。故选 C 项。 易错原因：把原文事实复述当成推理答案，分不清 “题干要推断” 还是 “要细节”。 变式训练：（2022・天津卷） 原文：The EC theory suggests our body is also responsible for thinking or problem-solving. More precisely, the mind shapes the body and the body shapes the mind in equal measure. 46. According to the author, the significance of the EC theory lies in ________. A. facilitating our understanding of the origin of psychology B. revealing the major role of the mind in human cognition C. offering a clearer picture of the shape of human brain D. bringing us closer to the truth in human cognition 【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段 “EC theory suggests our body is also responsible for thinking or problem-solving.” 可知，该理论让我们更接近人类认知的真相。故选 D 项。 易错 06：过度推理（扩大范围、绝对化、反向曲解） 定义：在原文基础上扩大范围、加重语气、绝对化、把可能当必然、把部分当全部。 秘籍：优选委婉、客观、留有余地的选项；排除must/never/only/all/completely等绝对词。 （2021・天津卷） 原文：I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind. Humans do not shed skin as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The process is tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. 44. What does the author most likely want to tell us? A. Love of family helps us survive great hardships. B. It’s not the end of the world if we break things. C. We should move on no matter what happens. D. Past experiences should be treasured. 【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 “I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.” 可知，作者想要告诉我们无论发生什么，我们都应该放下过去继续前行。故选 C 项。 易错原因：把原文温和表述改成绝对化，把部分现象扩大成全部结论。 变式训练：（2023・3・天津卷） 原文：Now, more evidence has been provided that dogs distinguish between similar actions associated with different intentions. But how exactly they acquire such intention-reading abilities will be an exciting topic for future research. 48. What do the dogs’ different responses in “unwilling” and “unable” scenarios suggest? A. Dogs can tell “being friendly” from “being mean” B. Dogs’ intelligence is gradually evolving. C. Dogs’ intentions can be easily identified. D. Dogs are a lot more emotional than other animals. 【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段 “new studies have shown that dogs can read human behaviour and have a preference to people who are more friendly or generous with food.” 可知，狗能区分人类的友好与不友好意图。B、C、D 均为过度推理，原文未提及。故选 A 项。 易错 07：以偏概全（用局部细节充当全文主旨） 定义：选项只概括文章某一段、某一件事、某一细节，不能覆盖全文中心。 秘籍：主旨题优先看首尾段 + 高频词，答案必须覆盖全文内容，只涉及局部的选项直接排除。 （2025・天津卷） 原文：My great grandmother received the dollhouse (玩具小屋) from a family friend back in the late 1800s. It was then passed down from generation to generation. I was seven when I discovered it underneath the tree on Christmas morning. In our house, Mom set up a sewing area. I sat at her sewing machine, my feet barely reaching the presser foot. Mom bent over me, her hands on mine, gently guiding small bits of cloth under the needle to create dollhouse bedding. She also taught me to make mini-blankets. With a little paint and glue, Mom demonstrated that anything could be turned into dollhouse furniture. I learnt to view the world as a place of possibility. I spent hours of my girlhood sitting before my dollhouse, telling made-up stories, and creating miniatures (缩微模型). But eventually school activities took over, and the dollhouse was moved to the attic (阁楼). Over the next 40 years, the storytelling skills I’d practiced with the dollhouse grew into novel writing skills, and I developed a career as an author. One day, after hours of working on my fourth book, I took a break by surfing the Internet and happened to notice the beautiful dollhouses people posted on social media. They reminded me of mine. I went to the attic, brought it back to my room and started updating it. During the mindless hours of sewing and furnishing (布置家具), I listened to audiobooks about the history of dollhouses, learning that they were not invented for play. There’s a long, rich history of people in hardship turning to dollhouses to find comfort. They weren’t produced as toys until mass production became standard after 1945. This inspired me to create a novel where art saves the day. The truth was I myself needed art to save the day. Mom was then slipping away from me owing to progressive memory loss. The only topic we could discuss with any genuine joy was the update of the dollhouse. She loved retelling its history — those old memories. Mom didn’t find it strange at all that her 50-year-old daughter was updating the dollhouse. She just thought it fun and beautiful. And it was. It was a world where Mom and I were at our best together. 45. What would be the best title for the passage? A. The Dollhouse: A Lifelong Toy B. Growing up with the Dollhouse C. The Dollhouse: More Than Just a Toy D. Dollhouse Making and Novel Writing 【答案】C 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，根据最后一段中 “The truth was I myself needed art to save the day. Mom was then slipping away from me owing to progressive memory loss. The only topic we could discuss with any genuine joy was the update of the dollhouse.” 可知，文章主要讲述了作者与玩具小屋之间的故事，玩具小屋不仅仅是玩具，它承载了作者和母亲的美好回忆和情感。A、B、D 均只涉及文章局部内容，属于以偏概全。故选 C 项。 易错原因：只关注文中某一段、某一细节，忽略文章首尾段、高频词、全文逻辑，把局部当整体。 变式训练：（2025・天津卷） 原文：Science serves as a powerful tool for unlocking the mysteries of the universe, but understanding its limitations is essential for its effective application. There are occasions where I have used the handle of a knife as a hammer (锤子), but the result would have been better if I’d had a more suitable tool at hand. As far as science goes, it is really good at testing things that are testable, but not so for those that are not. We can do, and have done, an impressive amount with our brains. But there are limits. Sometimes these limits go away if we keep at it for long enough — we just need better facilities and experiments to get the answer. Breaking new ground in modern science this way can be costly. Next-generation supercomputers or incredibly large telescopes are expensive, yet these may be required to find answers to some of the unsolved mysteries of the universe. Sometimes the limits we encounter in trying to unlock the nature of the universe are cognitive (认知的). Think about this: human DNA is only about 1.2 percent different from that of chimps (黑猩猩). Chimps are smart, no question. But could you teach them advanced mathematics? What if our DNA were another 1.2 percent further evolved than it is? What might our brains be capable of then? The level of abstract thinking might be unimaginable. Sometimes the limits we hit are fundamental. There are laws of nature we may never be able to understand, however advanced our brains might become. There are experiments we might never be able to perform. We may never be able to test what caused the universe to be created, and what caused the cause of the universe being created. This is where science may never break through. For something to be considered scientific, it must, by definition, be testable. There is a problem here: it may not need to be testable right now, but it must be testable at some point in the future by experiment. If an idea is untestable, that doesn’t mean it is wrong. It means it is untestable for now. These untestable ideas also happen to be some of the most interesting ones, probably because they’ve puzzled humanity for centuries. 55. What has the author added to the definition of a scientific idea? A. Correct ideas are testable. B. Untestable ideas can be true. C. Some scientific ideas may never be testable. D. An idea must be testable to be seen as correct. 【答案】B 【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段 “If an idea is untestable, that doesn’t mean it is wrong. It means it is untestable for now.” 可知，作者补充的观点是：不可测试的想法也可能是正确的。A、D 是科学原本的定义，C 表述错误，均属于以偏概全或曲解。故选 B 项。 易错 08：范围不当（范围过大 / 过小，与文章不匹配） 定义：选项概括过于宽泛（太大）或过于狭窄（太小），与文章主题范围不匹配。 秘籍：选择范围适中、紧扣文章主题、含文章高频词的选项；过大、过小、太笼统的选项直接排除。 （2025・6月・天津卷） 原文：All animals take in oxygen from the air they breathe in, and release CO₂ from their blood when breathing out. Most mammals (哺乳动物) can’t directly detect oxygen levels in the blood supplied to their tissues. Instead, they rely on the rising level of CO₂ in their blood to signal that they might need to take a breath. But a recent study published in Science suggests seals (海豹) can sense the amount of oxygen in the blood, and change their diving behavior in response. To find out if oxygen levels affected seal behavior, Professor McKnight at the University of St. Andrews and his colleagues created a special section in a pool where young seals were held. In one corner, there was a breathing chamber (呼吸室), where they were sheltered from the rain and the wind. The breathing chamber was surrounded by panels that prevented surface swimming, yet swimming below the surface for about 200 feet would give the seals access to a feeder where they could eat as much fish as they liked. Once the seals got familiar with the setup, the researchers started to gradually change the composition of the air in the breathing chamber, increasing or reducing the levels of oxygen and CO₂ to see an effect on their behavior. Sure enough: the higher the level of oxygen, the longer the seals stayed at the feeder. The finding suggests that seals don’t just physically respond to oxygen levels by changing their heart rate or breathing, but that they are sufficiently aware of them to change their behavior. This ability would put seals in a class beyond any land mammals that have been tested. Since oxygen levels on land remain stable, humans don’t seem to have evolved (演化) to notice low blood oxygen levels, sometimes not even when they’re about to pass out in free-diving. Therefore in free-diving without oxygen tanks, accidents are quite common. Our reliance on sensing CO₂ levels in our blood instead of oxygen may be to blame. Actually, this is a perfectly reasonable strategy on land, where growing CO₂ tends to signal breathing issues. But when holding our breath during diving, relying on CO₂ levels is risky, especially on repeated dives. Because every time we surface and breathe in, our sensitivity to CO₂ is decreased, even if its levels are already high, and this increases the chance that a person will, without awareness, pass out before they get to the surface. 50. Which statement is probably supported by McKnight’s seal research? A. Seals have evolved to survive in low oxygen environments. B. Seals are quick to sense oxygen levels and act accordingly. C. Seals can maintain their heart rate even with low blood oxygen levels. D. Seals are more sensitive to changes in the environment than other mammals. 【答案】B 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段 “But a recent study published in Science suggests seals can sense the amount of oxygen in the blood, and change their diving behavior in response.” 可知，McKnight 的研究表明海豹能迅速感知氧气水平并据此采取行动。A 范围过大，C 无依据，D 范围不当且绝对化。故选 B 项。 易错原因：不会判断主题范围，把通用大道理当作文章主旨，或把细节小话题当作中心。 变式训练：（2022・天津卷） 原文：I’m an 18-year-old pre-medical student, tall and good-looking, with two short story books and quite a number of essays my credit. Why am I singing such praises of myself? Just to explain that he attainment of self-pride comes from a great deal of self-love, and to attain it, one must first learn to accept oneself as one is. That was where my struggle began. Born and raised in Africa，I had always taken my African origin as burden. My self-dislike was further fueled when my family had to relocate to Norway, where I attended a high school. Compared to all the white girls around me, with their golden hair and delicate lips, I ,a black girl, had curly hair and full, red lips. My nose often had a thin sheet of sweat on it, whatever the weather was. I just wanted to bury myself in my shell crying “I’m so different!” What also contributed to my self-dislike was my occasional stuttering (口吃), which had weakened my self-confidence. It always stood between me and any fine opportunity. I’d taken it as an excuse to avoid any public speaking sessions, and unknowingly let it rule over me. Fortunately, as I grew older, there came a turning point. One day a white girl caught my eye on the school bus when she suddenly turned back. To my astonishment, she had a thin sheet of sweat on her nose too, and it was in November! “Wow,” I whispered to myself, “this isn’t a genetic(遗传的) disorder after all. It’s perfectly normal.” Days later, my life took an-other twist(转折). Searching the internet for stuttering cures, I accidentally learned that such famous people as Isaac Newton and Winston Churchill also stuttered. I was greatly relieved and then an idea suddenly hit me—if I’m smart, I shouldn’t allow my stuttering to stand between me and my success. Another boost to my self-confidence came days later as I was watching the news about Oprah Winfrey, the famous talkshow host and writer—she’s black too! Whenever I think of her story and my former dislike of my color, I’m practically filled with shame. Today, I’ve grown to accept what I am with pride; it simply gives me feeling of uniqueness. The idea of self-love has taken on a whole new meaning for me: there’s always something fantastic about us, and what w need to do is learn to appreciate it. 45. What can best summarize the message contained in the passage? A. Pride comes before a fall. B. Where there is a will, there is a way. C. Self-acceptance is based on the love for oneself. DSelf-love is key to the attainment of self-pride. 【答案】D 【解析】主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Just to explain that he attainment of self-pride comes from a great deal of self-love, and to attain it, one must first learn to accept oneself as one is. That was where my struggle began.(只是为了解释他获得自尊来自大量的自爱，而要获得它，一个人必须首先学会接受自己的本来面目。这就是我挣扎开始的地方。)”可知，本文要讲述的是作者在经历中感悟到要想有自尊，首先要自爱。故选D项。 抢分通关1 （应用文） （2026·天津滨海新区·一模）Student Development Programs for Graduating Seniors Program 1: Academic Transition Workshop This workshop is designed to bridge the gap between high school and university academics. Experienced lecturers will introduce efficient research methods, academic writing norms, and critical thinking skills that are essential for further study. The program has attracted hundreds of students in the previous two years and receives wide praise from both participants and educators. Many graduates say it has greatly benefited their first-year college study. Time: June 10–12, 9:00–11:30 a.m. Fee: $25, including learning materials. Requirement: Basic English comprehension and active participation. Participants are expected to arrive 10 minutes early for check-in and bring their own notebooks for note-taking. Program 2: Leadership & Teamwork Training This program focuses on developing students’ ability to cooperate, communicate, and take responsibility in group tasks. Through role‑play and team‑based projects, participants will improve their problem‑solving skills and build confidence. The training center is well-equipped with modern facilities and comfortable seating, creating a pleasant learning environment for all attendees. Time: June 14, 8:00 a.m.–4:00 p.m. Quota: Limited to 50 participants. Registration: Deadline is June 10. Applications sent by email will not be accepted; all forms must be handed in to the student office. Program 3: Community Service & Social Research Unlike traditional volunteer work, this program requires students to conduct field surveys, analyze local needs, and propose simple solutions. It helps students gain a sense of social responsibility and practical experience. This project is supported by several local organizations and community leaders who value the development of young people. Time: June 17–26 (weekdays only) Benefit: A completion certificate will be awarded to every participant. Certificates will be given out on the last day of the program and can be used in future college applications. Program 4: College Life Guidance Lecture This lecture offers professional advice on campus life, including time management, interpersonal relationships, and rational consumption. It helps graduates make a smooth transition to college life and avoid unnecessary worries. The lecture will be held in the school hall, which can hold over 300 people and is equipped with sound and projection systems. Time: June 28, 2:00–4:00 p.m. Note: Free of charge. No online booking is needed. Light drinks will be provided for free during the 15-minute break between sections. 1．What is the goal of Academic Transition Workshop? A．To train students to be full-time researchers. B．To prepare students for college study. C．To offer free guidance on job hunting. D．To improve high school teaching methods. 2．What should students do to join Leadership & Teamwork Training? A．Pay a $25 fee. B．Work in groups in advance. C．Take a written test first. D．Apply before June 10. 3．What are participants required to do in Community Service & Social Research? A．Carry out surveys and put forward simple solutions. B．Provide free food and drinks for community members. C．Give completion certificates to other participants. D．Cooperate with local organizations to offer training. 4．What can we infer about College Life Guidance Lecture? A．It will last more than two hours. B．Participants must book online. C．It is divided into several parts. D．Drinks are offered for a low price. 5．What can we infer about the four programs from the passage? A．They all require applicants to have basic English skills. B．They are all designed to help graduates prepare for future life. C．They all charge fees for learning materials. D．They all limit the number of participants. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个面向毕业生的学生发展项目及其具体安排与目标。 1．细节理解题。根据Program 1: Academic Transition Workshop部分中“This workshop is designed to bridge the gap between high school and university academics.(本次研讨会旨在弥合高中和大学学术之间的差距。)”以及“Many graduates say it has greatly benefited their first-year college study.(许多毕业生表示，这对他们大学一年级的学习大有裨益。)”可知，学术过渡研讨会的目的是为学生的大学学习做准备。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据Program 2: Leadership & Teamwork Training部分中“Rf: Deadline is June 10.(报名截止日期为6月10日。)”可知，学生要在6月10日前申请才能参加领导力与团队合作培训。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据Program 3: Community Service & Social Research部分中“Unlike traditional volunteer work, this program requires students to conduct field surveys, analyze local needs, and propose simple solutions.(与传统的志愿工作不同，该项目要求学生进行实地调查，分析当地需求，并提出简单的解决方案。)”可知，社区服务与社会研究项目要求参与者进行调查并提出简单的解决方案。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据Program 4: College Life Guidance Lecture部分中“Light drinks will be provided for free during the 15-minute break between sections.(在各部分之间15分钟的休息时间里，将免费提供软饮料。)”可知，大学生活指导讲座分为几个部分，中间有休息时间。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据Program 1: Academic Transition Workshop部分中“This workshop is designed to bridge the gap between high school and university academics.(本次研讨会旨在弥合高中和大学学术之间的差距。)”、Program 2: Leadership & Teamwork Training部分中“This program focuses on developing students’ ability to cooperate, communicate, and take responsibility in group tasks.(这个项目专注于培养学生在团队任务中合作、沟通和承担责任的能力。)”、Program 3: Community Service & Social Research部分中“It helps students gain a sense of social responsibility and practical experience.(它帮助学生获得社会责任感和实践经验。)”以及Program 4: College Life Guidance Lecture部分中“This lecture offers professional advice on campus life, including time management, interpersonal relationships, and rational consumption.(本次讲座提供关于校园生活的专业建议，包括时间管理、人际关系和理性消费。)”可知，这四个项目都是为了帮助毕业生为未来的生活做准备。故选B。 抢分通关2 （记叙文） （2026·天津·模拟预测）Normally I pass my morning commute absorbed in a book, headphones on. I miss a lot of what’s going on around me, but my reading hours are so limited and my “Books Read in2025” list is so embarrassingly short that I give up presence to get a couple of chapters in. On a recent day, however, I kept my book in my bag and made a game of looking at the people around me and imagining what their voices sound like. This game isn’t really fun, as games go, but it keeps me occupied, noticing, engaged with the world rather than ignoring it. In his poem “Everything Is Waiting for You,” David Whyte addresses the fundamental error of assuming separateness from everything and everyone else. “As if life were a progressive and cunning crime/ with no witness to the tiny hidden transgressions (越界).” He advises the reader to become alert. “You must note/ the way the soap dish enables you, or the window latch grants you freedom.” The ordinary items around us are animate (有生命的) in his reading of the world. And not only that — they’re likely to look on us favorably, to enable us, free us. My retreat into books while on the train is only partly about getting reading done. It’s also about shutting out distraction, because I think that whatever is happening around me is disturbing, at the very least extraneous to my central purpose, which is getting from A to B． Sitting and just being in space with strangers, instead of retreating into a book or a phone, sometimes requires a mental shift. Who and what else is here? What if these noise-canceling headphones are keeping me from hearing the actually quite charming voices of the people beside me? If I want to feel more connected to other people, then what’s protective isn’t always productive. Or, as Whyte instructs, “Put down the weight of your aloneness and ease into the/conversation.” 1．Why does the author usually bury herself in a book during her commute? A．To catch up on reading. B．To improve her public image. C．To observe strangers secretly. D．To make the commute feel shorter. 2．What does David Whyte seem to think of the world in his poem? A．A test that challenges us. B．A presence that supports us. C．A stage where we perform alone. D．A place where we make mistakes. 3．What does the underlined word “extraneous” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Irrelevant. B．Dangerous. C．Unusual. D．Essential. 4．What does the author encourage readers to do? A．Keep to yourself and avoid small talk. B．Escape into books and block out noise. C．Listen to inner thoughts and reflect on them. D．Put down the headphones and tune in to others. 5．What can we infer from the author’s experience of giving up reading on the commute? A．She found the game of imagining voices extremely interesting. B．She realized that being engaged with the world is meaningful. C．She decided to stop reading books during all her daily trips. D．She felt disturbed by the noises from the people around her. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章通过作者在通勤时从习惯“埋头读书隔绝外界”到“主动观察周围人事”的转变经历，结合诗人David Whyte的诗句，探讨了现代人过度依赖个人空间（如书籍、耳机）所导致的与现实的疏离感，并倡导打破这种自我隔离，更加开放地感知世界、与他人建立连接，从而在平凡生活中获得更丰富的体验与共鸣。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“I miss a lot of what’s going on around me, but my reading hours are so limited and my “Books Read in2025” list is so embarrassingly short that I give up presence to get a couple of chapters in.(我错过了很多身边发生的事情，但我的阅读时间实在太有限了，而我的“2025 年阅读清单”又短得令人尴尬，所以我只好不去关注身边事，只为读上几章)”可知，作者提到他的阅读时间很有限，因此在通勤时沉浸读书时为了抓紧时间阅读。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“He advises the reader to become alert. “You must note/ the way the soap dish enables you, or the window latch grants you freedom.” The ordinary items around us are animate (有生命的) in his reading of the world. And not only that — they’re likely to look on us favorably, to enable us, free us. (他建议读者要保持警觉。“你必须留意到这个肥皂盒是如何帮助你的，或者这个窗户把手是如何赋予你自由的。”在他对世界的解读中，我们身边的普通物品都是有生命的。不仅如此——它们还很可能会对我们表示友好，帮助我们，让我们获得自由)”可知，David Whyte的诗歌解读为周围的事物都是由生命的，它们还帮助我们，解放我们，故说明世界是支持我们的存在。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“It’s also about shutting out distraction, because I think that whatever is happening around me is disturbing(也是为了隔绝干扰。因为我认为身边发生的任何事都是令人分心的)”可知，划线词前文提到作者读书是为了隔绝干扰，认为身边发生的事情都是令人分心的，故可推知此处划线词extraneous与A项“Irrelevant(不相关的)”意思相近，周围的事情是令人分心的，至少与我“从A地到B地”的核心目标无关。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Or, as Whyte instructs, “Put down the weight of your aloneness and ease into the/conversation.”(或者，正如怀特所教导的那样：“放下你孤独的重负，轻松地加入对话吧。”)”可知，作者最后引用Whyte的诗句，鼓励读者放下孤独感，加入对话，故摘下耳机，融入其他人。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据第二段“This game isn’t really fun, as games go, but it keeps me occupied, noticing, engaged with the world rather than ignoring it.(就游戏而言，这款游戏其实并不算有趣，但它能让我保持专注，让我留意周围的事物，从而与这个世界产生互动，而不是选择忽视它)”以及第五段“If I want to feel more connected to other people, then what’s protective isn’t always productive.(如果我想要与他人建立更紧密的联系，那么起到保护作用的东西并不总是有益的)”可知，作者在通勤途中放弃阅读的经历说明了她意识到融入这个世界是有意义的。故选B。 抢分通关3 （说明文） （25-26高三上·天津河东·期末）In the bustling heart of modern cities, where skyscrapers tower overhead and concrete spreads like a vast blanket, urban community gardens have emerged as vibrant oases of green. These small plots of land — nestled between apartment buildings, on rooftop terraces, or in abandoned lots — are more than just places to grow vegetables and flowers; they are powerful connectors of people, cultures, and nature. What began as a simple way to reclaim unused space has evolved into a global movement that enriches both individuals and communities. For city dwellers, community gardens offer a rare chance to reconnect with the natural world. Many urban residents spend their days in offices or apartments, far from the rhythms of growing things. Tending to soil, planting seeds, and watching plants mature provides a therapeutic escape from the stress of city life. Studies have shown that gardening reduces anxiety and improves mental well-being, as the act of nurturing life fosters a sense of purpose and calm. Children, too, benefit greatly — they learn where food comes from, develop a sense of responsibility, and gain hands-on experience with science and nature, lessons that textbooks alone cannot teach. Beyond personal benefits, these gardens strengthen community bonds. Neighbors from diverse backgrounds come together to share tools, exchange gardening tips, and celebrate harvests. Elderly residents pass down traditional farming knowledge, while younger generations bring fresh ideas and energy. In many neighborhoods, garden plots become spaces for cultural exchange, where immigrants grow native plants and share recipes with their neighbors, creating a tapestry of flavors and traditions. During the harvest season, shared feasts bring everyone together, turning acquaintances into friends and building a sense of belonging that is often missing in fast-paced urban environments. Urban community gardens also play a vital role in promoting sustainability. They reduce food miles by providing locally grown produce, cutting down on the carbon emissions associated with transportation. By absorbing rainwater, they help mitigate urban flooding, and their plants improve air quality by filtering pollutants. In areas with limited access to fresh food, these gardens act as community fridges, ensuring that low-income families have access to nutritious vegetables and fruits. As cities face the challenges of climate change and rapid urbanization, community gardens offer a simple yet effective way to build resilience and create more livable spaces. In a world that often feels disconnected, urban community gardens remind us of the power of working together and caring for the earth. They are living proof that even in the busiest cities, a little bit of green can grow into something extraordinary-nurturing not just plants, but people, communities, and a more sustainable future. 1．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce the history of urban community gardens. B．To explain the multiple values of urban community gardens. C．To discuss the challenges of maintaining urban community gardens. D．To compare urban community gardens with traditional farms. 2．Which of the following is a benefit of urban community gardens for children? A．They can learn traditional farming skills from immigrants. B．They can reduce the carbon emissions of the family. C．They can gain practical experience with science and nature. D．They can organize shared feasts with neighborhood adults. 3．The underlined phrase “food miles” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to _____. A．the distance food travels from production to consumption B．the number of miles people walk to buy fresh food C．the area of land used to grow food in cities D．the time it takes for food to ripen in gardens 4．We can infer from the passage that urban community gardens _____. A．are mainly built on rooftop terraces in big cities B．help improve the social connection in urban areas C．have solved the problem of food shortage for low-income families D．require professional gardening knowledge to maintain 5．What is the author’s attitude towards urban community gardens? A．Critical. B．Doubtful. C．Neutral. D．Supportive. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了城市社区花园的多重价值，包括对个人、社区和可持续发展的益处。 1．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“In the bustling heart of modern cities, where skyscrapers tower overhead and concrete spreads like a vast blanket, urban community gardens have emerged as vibrant oases of green. These small plots of land — nestled between apartment buildings, on rooftop terraces, or in abandoned lots — are more than just places to grow vegetables and flowers; they are powerful connectors of people, cultures, and nature. What began as a simple way to reclaim unused space has evolved into a global movement that enriches both individuals and communities.(在现代都市繁华的中心，摩天大楼高耸入云，水泥地面如巨毯般铺展，都市社区花园已然成为充满生机的绿色绿洲。这些小块土地 —— 依偎在公寓楼之间、屋顶露台之上，或是废弃地块之中 —— 不仅仅是种植蔬菜和花卉的场所；它们更是连接人与人、文化与文化、人类与自然的强力纽带。从最初简单地改造闲置空间，到如今已发展成一场让个人与社区共同受益的全球性运动。)”可知，文章首先介绍了城市社区花园的出现，接着分别阐述了城市社区花园对个人的益处（如缓解压力、提升心理健康、教育孩子等）、对社区的益处（如加强社区联系、促进文化交流等）以及对可持续发展的作用（如减少食物运输距离、缓解城市洪水、改善空气质量等）。因此，文章的主要目的是解释城市社区花园的多重价值。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Children, too, benefit greatly — they learn where food comes from, develop a sense of responsibility, and gain hands-on experience with science and nature, lessons that textbooks alone cannot teach.(孩子们也受益匪浅——他们了解食物的来源，培养责任感，并获得科学和自然的实践经验，这些是课本无法单独传授的课程。)”可知，城市社区花园对孩子们的益处之一是让他们获得科学和自然的实践经验。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“They reduce food miles by providing locally grown produce, cutting down on the carbon emissions associated with transportation.(它们通过提供本地种植的农产品来减少food miles，从而减少与运输相关的碳排放。)”可知，减少与运输相关的碳排放，即食物从生产到消费所经过的距离减少。因此，food miles指的是食物从生产到消费的距离。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Beyond personal benefits, these gardens strengthen community bonds. Neighbors from diverse backgrounds come together to share tools, exchange gardening tips, and celebrate harvests.(除了个人益处外，这些花园还加强了社区联系。来自不同背景的邻居聚在一起分享工具、交流园艺技巧、庆祝丰收。)”以及“During the harvest season, shared feasts bring everyone together, turning acquaintances into friends and building a sense of belonging that is often missing in fast-paced urban environments.(在收获季节，共享的盛宴将大家聚集在一起，将熟人变成朋友，并建立起一种在快节奏的城市环境中常常缺失的归属感。)”可知，城市社区花园有助于改善城市地区的社会联系。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In a world that often feels disconnected, urban community gardens remind us of the power of working together and caring for the earth. They are living proof that even in the busiest cities, a little bit of green can grow into something extraordinary-nurturing not just plants, but people, communities, and a more sustainable future.(在一个常常感觉脱节的世界里，城市社区花园提醒我们合作和关爱地球的力量。它们是活生生的证明，即使在最繁忙的城市里，一点点绿色也能成长为非凡的东西——不仅滋养植物，还滋养人们、社区和更可持续的未来。)”可知，作者对城市社区花园持支持态度。故选D。 抢分通关4 （议论文） （25-26高三下·天津南开·开学考试）Life can be metaphorically perceived as a vast wilderness, an extensive and uncharted terrain waiting to be explored. This analogy (类比) carries profound implications that can offer us unique insights into the essence of existence and guide us towards a more fulfilling and purposeful life. The wilderness is vast, mysterious, and full of uncertainties, much like life itself. When we step into this wilderness that is life, we are faced with the unknown at every turn. There are no predetermined paths, no clear signposts to direct us towards our destination. We must rely on our instincts, our inner compass, to find our way forward. This uncertainty can be daunting, yet it is precisely this uncertainty that makes life infused with adventure and potential. Just as explorers in a wilderness must be prepared to face unexpected challenges and adapt to ever-changing circumstances, we too must cultivate resilience and flexibility in our life journey. We will encounter obstacles that seem insurmountable, situations that test our patience and resolve. However, it is through these trials that we discover our inner strength and capabilities that we never knew we possessed. Each difficulty overcome is a step forward in our personal growth and development. Moreover, the wilderness is a place of solitude (孤独) and self-discovery. In the quiet expanse of the wilderness, away from the noise and distractions of civilization, one can hear the faint voice of their inner self. Similarly, life provides us with moments of solitude, times when we are stripped of external validations and material possessions, and are left alone with our thoughts. These moments, though sometimes uncomfortable, are crucial for self-reflection and introspection (自省). They allow us to question our values, our goals, and our direction in life. It is in these moments of stillness that we can reconnect with our true passions and desires, away from the influences and expectations of others. We can then use this clarity to make more authentic and meaningful choices about our future. Furthermore, the wilderness is teeming with diverse flora and fauna (动植物), each species coexisting and interacting within a delicate ecosystem. Life too is marked by its diversity and interconnectedness. We encounter people from different backgrounds, cultures, and walks of life, each bringing their unique perspectives and experiences. These interactions enrich our understanding of the world and broaden our horizons. Just as the wilderness thrives on biodiversity, our lives are made more vibrant and complete through the diverse relationships we form. We learn from others, we share and exchange ideas, and together we create a richer tapestry (织锦) of human experience. In this wilderness called life, we are both the explorers and the explored. As we venture forth, we not only discover new landscapes but also uncover new facets of ourselves. The journey is not always easy, but it is in the challenges and the unknown that we find the opportunity for growth and transformation. So let us embrace this wilderness with courage and curiosity. Let us not fear the uncertainties and the solitude, but see them as stepping stones towards a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us. In doing so, we can truly live a life that is authentic, meaningful, and rich in experience. 1．Why does the author compare life to a wilderness? A．Both require external guidance. B．Both present challenges that preparation can solve. C．Both confront us with uncontrollable conditions. D．Both reward those who follow established paths. 2．According to Paragraph 2, what can we learn about life’s uncertainty? A．It makes life more adventurous. B．It requires us to be adaptable. C．It helps us discover inner strengths. D．It teaches us to set realistic goals. 3．What does the underlined phrase “stripped of” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．reminded of B．robbed of C．proud of D．aware of 4．What is the primary purpose of the author’s reference to “delicate ecosystem” in paragraph 4? A．To emphasize that each person plays a role in the whole. B．To suggest that human relationships require ongoing effort. C．To highlight the interdependent nature of human connections. D．To remind readers that humans are easily affected by others. 5．What does the author want to convey through the last paragraph? A．Enduring life’s inevitable hardships shapes who we become. B．Exploring the unknown reveals the mysteries within ourselves. C．Exploring outward and looking inward uncover new selves. D．Mastering both the world and oneself defines a true explorer. 6．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Life: A Journey into the Unknown B．The Wilderness: A Place of Solitude C．How to Survive in the Wilderness of Life D．Explorers and Their Adventure in Nature 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．C 6．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章将生活比喻成荒野，从不确定性、自我发现、多样性与相互依存等方面阐述了这一比喻对理解生活本质和追求有意义生活的启示。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The wilderness is vast, mysterious, and full of uncertainties, much like life itself. When we step into this wilderness that is life, we are faced with the unknown at every turn. (荒野广袤、神秘且充满变数，人生亦是如此。踏入人生这片荒野，我们每一步都面临未知。)”和“We will encounter obstacles that seem insurmountable, situations that test our patience and resolve. (我们会遇到看似无法逾越的障碍，考验我们耐心与决心的处境。)”可知，人生和荒野都会让我们面临难以掌控的状况。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“This uncertainty can be daunting, yet it is precisely this uncertainty that makes life infused with adventure and potential. (这种不确定性或许令人畏惧，但正是它让人生充满冒险与可能性。)”可知，人生的不确定性让生活更具冒险色彩。故选A项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Similarly, life provides us with moments of solitude, times when we are stripped of external validations and material possessions, and are left alone with our thoughts. (同样，人生会有独处时刻，我们被 外界认可和物质财富，只剩思绪相伴。)”可知，独处时我们失去外界加持，只剩自我，由此猜测stripped of意为“剥夺；夺走”，与robbed of意思相近。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“Furthermore, the wilderness is teeming with diverse flora and fauna, each species coexisting and interacting within a delicate ecosystem. Life too is marked by its diversity and interconnectedness. (此外，荒野孕育着多样动植物，各物种在脆弱的生态系统中共存互动；人生也充满多样性与关联性。)”可知，作者提及生态系统，是为了强调人与人之间相互依存的关系本质。故选C项。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In this wilderness called life, we are both the explorers and the explored. As we venture forth, we not only discover new landscapes but also uncover new facets of ourselves. (在人生这片荒野中，我们既是探索者，也是被探索者。前行途中，我们不仅发现新风景，也发掘自身的新面貌。)”可知，作者想传达向外探索与向内自省，都能让我们发现全新的自我。故选C项。 6．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Life can be metaphorically perceived as a vast wilderness, an extensive and uncharted terrain waiting to be explored. (人生可以被比喻成一片广袤的荒野，一片广阔且未知的待探索地带。)”、第二段“The wilderness is vast, mysterious, and full of uncertainties, much like life itself. 荒野广袤、神秘且充满变数，人生亦是如此。)”以及最后一段“In this wilderness called life, we are both the explorers and the explored. As we venture forth, we not only discover new landscapes but also uncover new facets of ourselves. 在人生这片荒野中，我们既是探索者，也是被探索者。前行途中，我们不仅发现新风景，也发掘自身的新面貌。)”可知，全文围绕“人生如同荒野，是一场奔赴未知的旅程”展开论述。A选项“人生：一场奔赴未知的旅程”贴合全文主旨，可作为本文的最佳标题。故选A项。 语篇押题1 （应用文） （25-26高二上·天津·月考）Interested in learning a new language but don’t know where to start? Here are the best online language learning courses we’ve put together for your reference. Rosetta Stone Price: $7.99 per month — $199 one-time payment Number of languages: 28 Rosetta Stone has long been known as the go-to service for new language learners. It offers lessons that are short enough to complete each day, but long enough to actually get something out of. Rosetta Stone’s interface (界面) is generally easy to use, and its lessons include reading, writing, speaking and listening, all in one lesson. You can also choose to subscribe (订阅) to a monthly payment or purchase a lifetime license. Duolingo Price: Free — $6.99 per month Number of languages: 36 Duolingo has risen as a serious competitor to Rosetta Stone over the past few years. The service is perhaps best known for its Android and iOS apps and those apps are available for free, which makes it easy to practice your chosen language without having to make a serious commitment. Alternatively, you can sign up for Duolingo Plus, which removes ads, offers offline courses, and more. Many consider Duolingo to be better for those who want to practice a language rather than learning from the very beginning. Babbel Price: $6.95 per month — $12.95 per month Number of languages: 14 Looking for a service to challenge your language-learning skills? Babbel may be the way to go. Babbel is excellent at teaching phrases and words that you’ll actually use on a day-to-day basis. The service is also relatively cheap, so if you’re unsure if you want to commit to learning a new language yet, the low subscription prices ensure you don’t have to make a huge commitment. Memrise Price: $6.67 per month — $119.99 one-time payment Number of languages: 16 If you learn best through repetition and flashcards (识字卡), then Memrise may be the service for you. It’s relatively inexpensive, making it easier to sign up. Memrise isn’t necessarily the service for those who want to learn a language from scratch (从头开始), but it’s a great learning aid, and good for those who already have a foundation in language-learning. 1．What is special about Rosetta Stone? A．It features a simple interface without ads. B．It is intended for high-level learners. C．It helps improve various language skills. D．It offers a one-month free trial. 2．What is Babbel’s focus when it comes to teaching language? A．Grammatical rules and syntactic structures. B．Accent and pronunciation. C．Vocabulary and everyday phrases. D．Cultural customs and traditions. 3．Which of the following is TRUE about Memrise? A．It’s very expensive for most learners. B．It’s not a good choice for people with basic language . C．It’s easy to sign up because of its low price. D．It offers more than 20 languages for learning. 4．What do Duolingo and Memrise have in common? A．They offer free Android and iOS apps. B．They are more suitable for people with certain basis. C．They allow users to take offline courses. D．They provide courses of over 20 languages. 5．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To encourage students to learn a new language. B．To provide four apps for only English learners. C．To show the benefits of learning language online. D．To introduce four language learning courses online. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍四款优质的在线语言学习课程（Rosetta Stone、Duolingo、Babbel、Memrise），包括它们的价格、涵盖语言数量以及各自的特色优势，为语言学习者提供选择参考。 1．细节理解题。根据Rosetta Stone部分中的“its lessons include reading, writing, speaking and listening, all in one lesson (其课程包含读、写、说、听四项内容，全部整合在单节课程中)”可知，Rosetta Stone的特别之处在于能全面提升学习者的各项语言技能。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据Babbel部分中的“Babbel is excellent at teaching phrases and words that you’ll actually use on a day-to-day basis (Babbel擅长教授人们在日常生活中实际会用到的短语和词汇)”可知，Babbel的教学重点是日常词汇和短语。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据Memrise部分中的“It’s relatively inexpensive, making it easier to sign up (它的定价相对低廉，因此注册流程十分便捷)”可知，Memrise因价格亲民，所以容易注册。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据Duolingo部分中的“Many consider Duolingo to be better for those who want to practice a language rather than learning from the very beginning (许多人认为，Duolingo更适合想要练习一门语言的人，而非零基础入门者)”以及Memrise部分中的“it’s a great learning aid, and good for those who already have a foundation in language-learning (它是一款优质的学习辅助工具，适合已经具备一定语言基础的学习者)”可知，二者的共同点是更适合有一定语言基础的人。故选B项。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Here are the best online language learning courses we’ve put together for your reference.(以下是我们为你整理的几款优质在线语言学习课程，供你参考)”可知，文章开篇以“想学习新语言却不知从何入手”的问题引出话题，随后依次介绍四款在线语言学习课程的价格、语言数量和核心特色。由此可知，本文的写作目的是介绍四款在线语言学习课程。故选D项。 语篇押题2 （记叙文） （2026·天津河东·一模）“Kevin! Kevin! Did you hear what I said?” Ms. Reed, the band director, looked straight at him — she wanted him to take Robin’s place, since Robin had broken her arm, and play a solo at the concert. Kevin agreed, trying hard to hide his sadness: he was terrified of performing on stage, freezing up completely when playing alone, even though he was the best saxophone player in his middle school band and played with the senior high band too. James, his bandmate, felt sorry for him and shared how he’d fainted on stage during a solo because he was so nervous. The story only made Kevin more worried, but something worse was coming. Kelly, the overly competitive top flutist in the state, stopped him, saying that the Youth Symphony director would come to the concert to listen to his solo — and if he played well, he could get a chance to try out. Her words made him feel heavy inside; he’d wanted to join the Youth Symphony for a long time but never had the courage to audition. Running out of the school, Kevin thought of excuses to skip the solo: pretending to be ill, saying he’d hurt his finger. But he knew his parents would see he was lying, and hurting his finger on purpose was too dangerous. By the time he got home, his mom was very happy, talking excitedly about the Youth Symphony chance and Ms. Reed’s praise. Kevin lied that his day was okay, then went down to the furnace room — called “Kevin’s Dungeon” — his practice space. He picked up his saxophone, took a deep breath, and started to play. This time, he didn’t focus on the fear of messing up; he focused on the music he loved. Maybe this solo wasn’t a nightmare — it was a chance to turn his dream into reality. The final note faded, and loud applause burst out. Kevin smiled and felt a warm rush of joy in his heart. He finally understood that courage isn’t the lack of fear, but going ahead in spite of it. Dreams never come to those who run away from challenges; they always wait for those who dare to face their fears and try. 1．Why did Ms. Reed ask Kevin to play the solo at the concert? A．Kevin was the most skilled sax player in the senior high band. B．Robin was unable to perform due to a broken arm. C．The Youth Symphony director personally recommended Kevin. D．Kevin had been eager to get the solo opportunity for a long time. 2．The underlined phrase “freezing up” in Paragraph 1 probably means _________. A．staying calm to deal with the performance B．feeling extremely cold on the frightening stage C．having great confidence in playing the solo D．being unable to move or act because of nervousness 3．What made Kevin’s anxiety grow after he received the solo task? A．James told him about his own embarrassing solo experience. B．His mother didn’t believe he could perform well on stage. C．Kelly laughed at him for lacking the courage to audition. D．He found his practice room was too small to play the saxophone. 4．We can infer from the last paragraph that Kevin finally chose to _________. A．pretend to be sick and miss the concert instantly B．gave up his dream of joining the Youth Symphony C．face the challenge and practice for the solo actively D．ask the band director to replace him with another student 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．A Successful Solo Performance B．The Competitive Flutist Kelly C．A Strict, Generous and Kind Band Director D．Stage Fright and A New Chance 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了中学生凯文克服舞台恐惧、勇敢迎接挑战的成长故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的中““Kevin! Kevin! Did you hear what I said?” Ms. Reed, the band director, looked straight at him—she wanted him to take Robin’s place, since Robin had broken her arm, and play a solo at the concert(“凯文!凯文!你听到我说的话了吗？”乐队指挥里德直视着他——她想让他顶替罗宾的位置，因为罗宾摔断了胳膊，在音乐会上独奏)”可知，罗宾因手臂骨折无法演出，所以老师让凯文顶替。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“he was terrified of performing on stage, freezing up completely when playing alone(他害怕上台表演，独自演奏时会完全freezing up)”可知，凯文害怕在舞台上表演，独自演奏时会“freezing up”。结合“terrified”可推断“freezing up”意为“因紧张而无法行动”。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段“James, his bandmate, felt sorry for him and shared how he’d fainted on stage during a solo because he was so nervous. The story only made Kevin more worried(他的乐队队友詹姆斯为他感到难过，分享了自己因紧张在独奏时晕倒在舞台上的经历。这个故事只会让凯文更加担心)”可知，詹姆斯分享的独奏晕厥经历让凯文更加焦虑。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。 根据倒数第二段“This time, he didn’t focus on the fear of messing up; he focused on the music he loved. Maybe this solo wasn’t a nightmare— it was a chance to turn his dream into reality(这一次，他没有专注于对失误的恐惧；他专注于他热爱的音乐。也许这次独奏不是噩梦——而是将梦想变为现实的机会)”和最后一段“The final note faded, and loud applause burst out(最后一个音符落下，爆发出热烈的掌声)”可知，凯文选择放下恐惧，专注练习并成功完成了独奏。 故选C项。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段“He finally understood that courage isn’t the lack of fear, but going ahead in spite of it. Dreams never come to those who run away from challenges; they always wait for those who dare to face their fears and try.(他终于明白：勇气不是没有恐惧，而是尽管心怀恐惧，依然选择前行。 逃避挑战的人永远无法实现梦想，梦想，永远在等待那些敢于直面恐惧、勇敢尝试的人。)”可知，文章围绕凯文的舞台恐惧以及青年交响乐团选拔带来的新机会展开，讲述他从逃避到直面挑战的成长过程，因此“Stage Fright and A New Chance(怯场和新的机会)”最能概括全文内容。故选D项。 语篇押题3 （说明文） （2026·天津·一模）In the animal kingdom, counting skills are known to help grab bigger meals or find safety in group sizes. But clownfish may have uncovered another ‌“value” in numbers: identification. Despite their cute appearance, clownfish are territorial and aggressive. When they spot a member of their own species moving towards their place, they attack, biting and throwing out unwelcome visitors. There are 28 different species of clownfish, however. So how do they actually tell friends from enemies? Depending on the species, clownfish can have anywhere from zero to three white stripes. Previous research suggested the fish pay close attention to these markings. In a 2022 study, scientists found clownfish display more aggressive behavior (e.g., running after or biting others) toward fish with vertical stripes compared with those with horizontal stripes. This time around, ecologist Hayashi and colleagues assumed the fish could actually count those stripes. They placed 50 young, lab-raised common clownfish — which display the typical orange pattern like ‌“Nemo” (a clownfish with three stripes from the film Finding Nemo) — into individual water tanks. Then, the researchers added other clownfish species, which had white stripes ranging from 0 to 3 and were protected inside a see-through case, in the original clownfish’s territory and filmed their reaction. The ‌“native” fish couldn’t run after or bite the newcomers, but they could still rush them and stare them down. And that’s what happened when the newcomers wore the same number of stripes as the resident clownfish. They found that the native clownfish were the hardest on members of their own species with three white stripes. Those fish were run after and bitten 10 times more than those without stripes. Attacks on those fish were two times more frequent than on single-striped ones, and 1.3 times more frequent than on double-striped ones. It turned out that the researchers’ assumption had solid evidence. Even so, biologist Rhodes questions whether the animals are really counting or just noticing more white coloration on the attacked fish. ‌“Maybe researchers could further clarify clownfish’s calculating capacity,” adds Rhodes. ‌“An experiment that goes beyond stripes could help. Could these fish learn, for example, to prefer two squares to three squares?” 1．What new use of counting skills have clownfish demonstrated? A．Building up a large group. B．Making out potential threats. C．Finding reliable food sources. D．Measuring the size of their territory. 2．What did the 2022 study about clownfish focus on? A．The way they defend their territory. B．The diversity of their stripe patterns. C．The impact of their aggression on other species. D．The role of stripe patterns in their behavioral reaction. 3．How was the new study conducted? A．By observing clownfish in their natural habitat. B．By analyzing films themed with clownfish. C．By comparing behaviors of clownfish. D．By referring to previous research data. 4．Which of the following is a Nemo-like clownfish most likely to attack? A．A three-striped fish. B．A double-striped fish. C．A fish with one stripe. D．A fish without stripes. 5．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Rhodes in the last paragraph? A．To point out the significance of the study. B．To lead to an alternative viewpoint on the study. C．To show appreciation of clownfish’s learning ability. D．To support the researchers’ findings about clownfish. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于小丑鱼的研究，该研究发现小丑鱼能够通过计数入侵者身上的白色条纹数量来判断威胁程度，并据此做出攻击行为。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“In the animal kingdom, counting skills are known to help grab bigger meals or find safety in group sizes. But clownfish may have uncovered another “value” in numbers: identification. (在动物王国，计数能力已知有助于获取更多食物或在群体规模中找到安全感。但小丑鱼可能揭示了数字的另一种“价值”：识别身份)”可知，小丑鱼展示了计数能力在识别身份方面的新用途，结合第二段中“There are 28 different species of clownfish, however. So how do they actually tell friends from enemies?(然而，小丑鱼有28种不同的种类。那么它们是如何区分敌人和朋友的呢？)”和倒数第二段中“Those fish were run after and bitten 10 times more than those without stripes. Attacks on those fish were two times more frequent than on single-striped ones, and 1.3 times more frequent than on double-striped ones.(研究人员发现，本地小丑鱼对有三条白色条纹的同类攻击性最强。这些鱼被追赶和撕咬的次数是无条纹鱼的10倍。对它们的攻击频率比对单条纹鱼高出2倍，对比双条纹鱼高出1.3倍。)”可推知，小丑鱼计数能力的新用途是区分敌友，辨别潜在威胁。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In a 2022 study, scientists found clownfish display more aggressive behavior (e.g., running after or biting others) toward fish with vertical stripes compared with those with horizontal stripes. (在2022年的一项研究中，科学家们发现，与水平条纹的鱼相比，小丑鱼对有垂直条纹的鱼表现出更强的攻击性行为（例如，追逐或咬别人）。)”可知，2022年的研究关注的是条纹图案在小丑鱼行为反应中的作用。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“They placed 50 young, lab-raised common clownfish — which display the typical orange pattern like ‌“Nemo” (a clownfish with three stripes from the film Finding Nemo) — into individual water tanks. Then, the researchers added other clownfish species, which had white stripes ranging from 0 to 3 and were protected inside a see-through case, in the original clownfish’s territory and filmed their reaction. (研究人员将50条实验室培育的普通小丑鱼幼鱼——它们呈现出典型的橙色条纹，如同电影《海底总动员》中三条纹的“尼莫”——分别放入独立的水箱中。随后，研究者在每条鱼的活动区域内放入其他被透明罩保护的小丑鱼，这些鱼的白色条纹数量从0到3不等，并记录下原住小丑鱼的反应)”可知，新研究是通过比较小丑鱼对不同条纹数量鱼类的行为反应来进行的。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段中“They found that the native clownfish were the hardest on members of their own species with three white stripes. Those fish were run after and bitten 10 times more than those without stripes. (他们发现，原住小丑鱼对自己物种中拥有三条白色条纹的同类最为凶狠。这些鱼被追逐和撕咬的次数是那些没有条纹的鱼的10倍)”可知，像“尼莫”一样有三条条纹的小丑鱼最有可能攻击同样有三条条纹的鱼。故选A项。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Even so, biologist Rhodes questions whether the animals are really counting or just noticing more white coloration on the attacked fish. (即便如此，生物学家罗兹质疑这些动物是否真的在计数，或者只是注意到被攻击的鱼身上有更多的白色)”以及“An experiment that goes beyond stripes could help. (一个超越条纹的实验可能会有所帮助)”可知，作者提到罗兹是为了引出对这项研究的不同观点。故选B项。 语篇押题4 （议论文） （2026·天津南开·一模）In an era dominated by digital streams, my appreciation deepens for physical diaries — handwritten on paper — as a vital guard against the widespread influence of AI. Human thoughts and expressions risk being abused, processed by algorithms (算法) that lack insights. AI models often greedily swallow artists’ and writers’ works to fuel their systems, putting almost all online content under threat. The physical nature of diaries forms a crucial defense. If we hope to preserve the real human voice from chatbots and refuse to let our writing train AI, a pen and a simple notebook may be our strongest tools. Diaries are uniquely suited to capturing individual lives and imaginations. The very essence of a diary is temporary, meant to catch life’s short-lived moments. This is a task chatbots cannot perform, because they lack genuine perception, thought, or tender human senses. A diary serves as a secure space for one’s deepest feelings and reflections on the world, a form of thinking irreplaceable by AI. Its physical form offers a screen-free shelter for mindfulness, fostering a deeper connection with one’s thoughts. The power of handwritten diaries also lies in their resistance to digital erosion. Unlike mobile phones that limit prospects and lock users out of their own minds, a physical diary does not fog brains, numb fingers, or profit from personal data. It remains a personal possession, beyond the reach of AI companies seeking training data. The act of writing by hand enhances memory and emotional expression, creating a physical record of one’s life journey. This non-digital activity offers a deliberate break from the restless digital pace, offering a routine of self-care and a bridge between the past, present and future. Throughout history, diaries have served as lasting records against powerful structures. Our collective memory would be poorer without Anne Frank’s messages or the diary that begins George Orwell’s “Nineteen Eighty-Four”. Diarists form a universal underground, using pen and paper to resist the threats of the digital world. They protect not just privacy but the very integrity of personal stories from algorithm-based control of information and data mining. Ultimately, the humble diary is more than a record; it is an act of protection. In the quiet conversation between pen and paper, we safeguard the human voice— imperfect, personal, and free from the tide of artificial intelligence. What role does the physical diary play in the digital world? 1．What role does the physical diary play in the digital world? A．A tech-free space for deeper self-reflection. B．A tool to quickly generate more information. C．An opportunity to defend passed-down heritage. D．An instruction on how to embrace new technology. 2．What advantage does handwriting have over mobile phones to keep diaries? A．It bears significant health and social benefits. B．It allows for much faster data input and output. C．It raises much awareness of self, time and space. D．It involves both mental and emotional responses. 3．How does the fourth paragraph contribute to the passage’s argument? A．By suggesting potentials in economy and reputation. B．By listing supporting and typical examples in history. C．By summarizing previously discussed perspectives. D．By analyzing from the view of diary enthusiasts. 4．What can be inferred about those who keep diaries? A．They are strongly opposed to technological progress. B．They believe AI will wipe out diaries sooner or later. C．They value privacy and sincerity over convenience. D．They write mainly for public recognition and fame. 5．What is the author’s attitude towards physical diaries? A．Critical. B．Indifferent. C．Positive. D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了在数字时代，纸质日记作为抵御人工智能影响、保护人类真实声音和思想的重要作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“A diary serves as a secure space for one’s deepest feelings and reflections on the world, a form of thinking irreplaceable by AI. Its physical form offers a screen-free shelter for mindfulness, fostering a deeper connection with one’s thoughts. (日记是一个安全的空间，容纳一个人最深层的情感和对世界的反思，这是一种AI无法替代的思维形式。它的实体形式提供了一个无屏幕的正念庇护所，培养与自身思想的更深层次联系)”可知，纸质日记在数字世界中扮演着无技术空间以供深度自省的角色。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The act of writing by hand enhances memory and emotional expression, creating a physical record of one’s life journey. (手写的行为能增强记忆和情感表达，创造一个人生旅程的实体记录)”可知，手写日记相对于手机的优势在于它涉及了记忆和情感表达，即心智和情感反应。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Our collective memory would be poorer without Anne Frank’s messages or the diary that begins George Orwell’s “Nineteen Eighty-Four”. (如果没有安妮·弗兰克的信息，或者没有开启乔治·奥威尔《一九八四》的那本日记，我们的集体记忆将会更加贫乏)”可知，第四段通过列举历史上具有代表性的日记例子来支持文章关于日记是抵御强大力量、保护个人故事的论据。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段中“It remains a personal possession, beyond the reach of AI companies seeking training data. (它仍然是个人财产，不受寻求训练数据的人工智能公司的触及)”以及第四段中“They protect not just privacy but the very integrity of personal stories from algorithm-based control of information and data mining. (他们不仅保护隐私，还保护个人故事的真实完整性，使其免受基于算法的信息控制和数据挖掘)”可推知，写日记的人重视隐私和真诚胜过便利。故选C项。 5．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“my appreciation deepens for physical diaries — handwritten on paper — as a vital guard against the widespread influence of AI. (我对纸质日记——手写在纸上的日记——的欣赏加深了，它是抵御人工智能广泛影响的重要卫士)”以及最后一段中“Ultimately, the humble diary is more than a record; it is an act of protection. (最终，这本不起眼的日记不仅仅是一份记录；它是一种保护行为)”可知，作者对纸质日记持积极、肯定的态度。故选C项。 21 / 36 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $