UNIT 4 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage(课时跟踪检测)(学用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册（译林版）

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 维度一：基础题型练 单句语法填空。 1.All of a sudden， she heard her name 　　　　　（call） in the crowd. 2.The meeting 　　　　　　（hold） last night was about safety. 3.The old man walked in the park， 　　　　　　（accompany） by his dog. 4.Don’t leave that man over there 　　　　　　（wait） outside and show him in now. 5.　　　　　　 （leave） alone at home， to be honest， the little boy felt a bit scared. 6.The 　　　　　　（surprise） look showed that she hadn’t known the experiment. 7.The 　　　　　　（break） window needs to be replaced as soon as possible. 8.An old woman is siting on a bench in the park with her eyes 　　　　　（close）， thinking deeply. 9.　　　　　　 （raise） in the poorest area of Glasgow， he had a long and hard road to becoming a composer. 10.The old man walked slowly in the street， 　　　　　　（support） by his grandson. 维度二：语法与写作 用动词-ed形式完成下列句子。 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， the whole village became a white world. 树木被雪覆盖着，整个村庄变成了一个白色的世界。 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， she attended the opening ceremony. 穿着一条漂亮的裙子，她参加了开幕式。 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 open their Christmas presents. 兴奋的孩子们迫不及待地想打开他们的圣诞礼物。 4.　　　　　　　　　　， this book will become a best-seller. 一旦出版，这本书将成为畅销书。 5.The Internet keeps us 　　　　　　　　　　　and also provides entertainment in the house. 互联网使我们在家就能随时了解最新的新闻，而且也为我们提供娱乐。 6.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 are very popular among young people. 这位著名作家写的书在年轻人中非常受欢迎。 维度三：语法与语篇 用动词-ed形式完成下面短文。 　　1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （出生在一个山村）， Tom was interested in something involving agriculture.When he was young， he often helped his father with the crops 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （在大雨中损坏的）. When he grew up， he was admitted into a famous university， where he majored in agriculture.After graduation， he joined a team 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （由一位老专家设立的） with enough professional knowledge.When 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （面临自然灾害）， some farmers were often helpless.Tom and his team often helped them to 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （提高他们的信心）.They also showed them how to save the damaged crops and how to 6.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （使产量翻一番）.Most of the local farmers thought highly of the team.7.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （被这些农民称赞）， Tom worked harder than before.In his opinion， it was his duty to help the farmers out when they got into trouble. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2025·湖南新邵三中期中）Spanish scientist Pilar Bosch has found a way to use bacteria （细菌） to repair 18th-century paintings.Bosch， a microbiologist， said that she got the idea for the method while considering possibilities for a paper toward her doctoral degree.During this process， she discovered someone else’s paper that suggested bacteria can be used to repair artworks. 　　At around the same time， Bosch learned that her mother， Pilar Roig， was struggling to find a good method for repairing 18th-century paintings.The paintings， by Spanish artist Antonio Palomino， sat in Santos Juanes — one of the oldest churches in the city of Valencia.Pilar Roig noted how difficult the repair process at the church was.One reason was the glue （胶水） used to remove the paintings from the walls in the 1960s.The glue was nearly impossible to remove completely. 　　“My mother had a very difficult problem to solve and I found a paper about bacteria used to clean paintings on walls in Italy，” Bosch said.Bosch added she decided to write her doctoral paper on the same subject.Today， she gets to work with her mother on the church repair.They are using the bacteria method to remove glue from artworks.The $4.46 million project is being financed by local organizations. 　　To repair， they feed small amounts of the glue that is made from animal collagen （胶原蛋白） to the bacteria.After a time， the bacteria begin to naturally produce enzymes （酶） to break down the glue.The mother-daughter team then mixes the bacteria with a natural algae-based substance， called a gel （凝胶）， and places it onto the paintings.After about three hours， the gel mixture is removed， leaving the paintings glue-free. 　　Bosch’s mother， now 75， noted that in the past， people working on repairing artworks had to use traditional cleaning methods that took hours and damaged the painting.Bosch is now training other scientists to use a different kind of bacteria to clear walls of painted graffiti. 1.How did Bosch find the way to repair old paintings？（　　） A.Her mother inspired her. B.Her doctor instructed her. C.She tested it out by many experiments. D.She found it when preparing her paper. 2.What made it difficult to repair the old paintings？（　　） A.Not having enough money. B.The history of the churches. C.The glue that was once used. D.Experience of past failures. 3.What is paragraph 4 centered on？（　　） A.The process of cleaning the paintings. B.The necessity of repairing the paintings. C.The challenges facing the mother-daughter team.D.The materials that are used to clean the paintings. 4.Which can be the best title for the text？（　　） A.Bacteria Removal Process Is Widely Used in Spain B.Spanish Scientist Uses Bacteria to Repair Artworks C.Old Artworks Are Likely to Be Repaired with Bacteria D.Spanish Mother-Daughter Team Discovered a Painting B 　　（2025·广州大学附属中学期中联考）It was written in some sense， that National Geographic Explorer Cynthia Chiang would end up in observational cosmology — the study of the origin and development of the universe using specialized detectors and telescopes.“I’m not going to lie， my father was a physicist.My mother was an astronomer.But no kid wants to be like their parents，” she jokes， semi-seriously. 　　Chiang always enjoyed building things.It wasn’t unusual for her to disassemble her father’s research equipment and put them back together like a child engineer.She thanks， in part， her short attention span for her evolving curiosity， “I am always looking for something.” 　　For the last few years， Chiang has been looking for signs of the universe’s early existence — the birth of the first stars more than 13 billion years ago — and she’s building her own equipment to do it.As a professor of physics at McGill University， she focuses on peering beyond the universe as it is known today， into its distant past， using novel radio technology. 　　Initially， Chiang planned to do her PhD in particle （粒子的） physics but switched direction after a visit to a lab at the California Institute of Technology.“It was complete chaos.There are specialized equipment and tools everywhere.I didn’t know about observational cosmology at the time but thought ‘Whatever this is， I want to do that.’” 　　“This was also a leap of faith because I really couldn’t continue the work I was doing before，” Chiang recalls.“I had never done radio before but I thought， ‘Let me give this a try and see how it goes.’” 5.What is the intention of Cynthia Chiang’s joke？（　　） A.To illustrate her pursuit. B.To prove her innocence. C.To show her parents’ achievements. D.To reflect her attitude to her parents. 6.Why did Cynthia Chiang decide to pursue observational cosmology？（　　） A.She was inspired by a lab. B.She wanted to pursue her PhD. C.She wanted to build radio telescopes. D.She had a lifelong interest in astronomy. 7.Which words can be used to describe Cynthia Chiang？（　　） A.Sensible and reliable. B.Hard-working and considerate. C.Adventurous and determined. D.Knowledgeable and talented. 8.What is the best title for this passage？（　　） A.The Influence of Family on Career Choices B.Overcoming Challenges in Scientific Research C.The Evolution of a Scientist’s Interests D.Innovations in Radio Technology Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Characteristics of an Excellent Scientist 　　The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences，especially natural science or physical science.9.（　　） Let’s look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist. 　　Curiosity 　　An excellent scientist must be very curious about things.Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work.10.（　　） 　　Patience 　　Becoming a scientist takes a long time.11.（　　） Even if you think you have received some education on science， you still have a lot of scientific research to do.If you’re an instant-gratification type of person，this may not be the best choice for you. 　　Ethical （道德的） qualities 　　In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good，a scientist must have a desire to improve people’s lives as well as the environment，since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run.12.（　　） Sticking to an old belief contradicted by evidence is dishonest.However，that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence. 　　Working habits 　　13.（　　） He/She can work well alone or in groups， depending on what’s needed and also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally.Networking connects him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new. A.To make discoveries， you have to think differently. B.There are very few jobs that take longer than this one. C.It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods. D.One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory. E.An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation and keeps it in mind. F.A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal interests or public opinion. G.Without a drive to ask questions or even wonder， a scientist will never get to the first stage of the scientific process. Ⅲ.完形填空 　　（2025·广东名校联盟期中）Shanya， a middle school student from California， won a science award for designing a fire detection （探测） system that is better than existing ones. 　　Shanya’s 　14　 came after a fire destroyed a restaurant in her neighborhood during the summer of 2022.“I had never really 　15　 something like that before，” she talked about the early morning’s 　16　 happening at the restaurant， which started in the kitchen.“They had smoke detectors （探测器）， yet 　17　 it still burned down，” she 　18　. 　　She spent more than a year developing a fire detection system that could have 　19　 the fire.Smoke detectors sense active fires from the 　20　 in the air.Shanya’s thermal imaging device （热成像设备） is 　21　 to stop fires from occurring.Her system has two 　22　， a thermal camera and a tiny computer.The device detects a heat source which has been left 　23　 for ten minutes and sends a text message alarm. 　　“I had two designs， and my first design completely 　24　.It was a really big problem I had to 　25　，” she said.The final device proves useful in speed and accuracy.Shanya wants to bring the costs down to $60 to make it even more 　26　 than smoke detectors. 　　“Shanya saw a 　27　 and tried to solve it.That’s what I 　28　 all young people to do，” said a scientist. 14.（　）A.view　　　B.idea　　　　 C.goal　　　D.dream 15.（　）A.forgotten B.invented C.experienced D.feared 16.（　）A.exploration B.movement C.fire D.worry 17.（　）A.partly B.obviously C.luckily D.finally 18.（　）A.added B.repeated C.argued D.replied 19.（　）A.improved B.prevented C.cleared D.changed 20.（　）A.water B.steam C.dirt D.smoke 21.（　）A.organized B.forced C.left D.designed 22.（　）A.parts B.points C.uses D.roles 23.（　）A.unknown B.uninjured C.unnoticed D.unprotected 24.（　）A.failed B.succeeded C.missed D.appeared 25.（　）A.pay off B.go through C.give up D.come across 26.（　）A.suitable B.attractive C.curious D.affordable 27.（　）A.plan B.chance C.problem D.possibility 28.（　）A.allow B.encourage C.cause D.order Ⅳ.语法填空 　　（2025·河南邓州一中月考）On Tuesday， the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded in Sweden， and 29.　　　　　　 （go） to John Hopfield， a professor at Princeton University， and Geoffrey Hinton， a computer scientist at the University of Toronto， 30.　　　　　　 discoveries in machine learning paved the way （为……创造条件） for how artificial intelligence is used today.Hopfield and Hinton were praised for laying the base for machine learning that allows for many of today’s AI-based 31.　　　　　　 （product）. 　　Hinton thinks the influence AI will have 32.　　　　　　 our societies is huge.“It will be comparable with the Industrial Revolution， but instead of outperforming people in physical 33.　　　　　　 （strong）， it’s going to outperform people in intellectual ability.We have no experience of what it’s like to have things 34.　　　　　　 （smart） and more powerful than us，” says Hinton. 　　The technology of machine learning using artificial neural （神经的） networks， developed by Hopfield and Hinton， 35.　　　　　　 （base） on the structure of the brain.36.　　　　　　 （develop） stronger connections between the networks’ units enables us to train an artificial neural network， just like we train the brain.Just as we can search our brains for a particular word 37.　　　　　　 a special fact we rarely use， an artificial neural network can also search through the patterns it has saved 38.　　　　　　 （find） the target information. 5 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 基础知识自测 维度一 1.called　2.held　3.accompanied　4.waiting　5.Left 6.surprised　7.broken　8.closed　9.Raised　10.supported 维度二 1.With the trees covered with snow 2.Dressed in a beautiful skirt 3.The excited children couldn’t wait to 4.Once published 5.informed of the latest news 6.The books written by this famous author 维度三 1.Born in a mountain village 2.damaged in the heavy rain 3.set up by an old expert 4.faced with a natural disaster 5.have their confidence improved 6.have the production doubled 7.Praised by these farmers 素养能力提升 Ⅰ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西班牙科学家Pilar Bosch如何通过细菌来修复18世纪画作。 1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，Bosch在为她的博士论文准备资料时发现了关于用细菌修复艺术品的方法。 2.C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知，修复工作困难的原因之一是20世纪60年代使用的胶水很难完全去除。 3.A　段落大意题。第四段详细描述了使用细菌清洗绘画的过程。 4.B　标题归纳题。根据文章首句可知，文章主要介绍西班牙科学家Pilar Bosch如何通过细菌来修复18世纪画作。B项（西班牙科学家用细菌修复艺术品）适合作为文章最佳标题。 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了国家地理探索者Cynthia Chiang的背景、兴趣、职业道路以及她在观测宇宙学领域的研究工作。 5.A　推理判断题。根据第一段以及下文对她职业的介绍可知，提到Cynthia Chiang的笑话是为了引出她自己的职业追求。 6.A　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，Cynthia Chiang原本计划攻读粒子物理学博士，但在参观了加州理工学院的实验室后，她改变了方向，决定从事她当时并不了解的观测宇宙学。 7.C　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句以及第四段可知，Chiang敢于尝试新的领域并决定从事观测宇宙学。由此推断，她是一个有冒险精神和有决心的人。 8.C　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是最后一段可知，文章主要讲述了Cynthia Chiang从小时候的兴趣到后来的职业选择，以及她在不同阶段的变化和决定。C项（一个科学家兴趣的演变）适合作为本文的最佳标题。 Ⅱ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作为一名杰出的科学家具备的品质。 9.C　上文讲字典对科学家这一名词的解释。C项（它还将科学家定义为使用科学方法的人）承接上文。 10.G　根据小标题和段首句可知，优秀的科学家要具备好奇心。G项（如果科学家没有发问甚至好奇的动力，就永远无法进入科学过程的第一阶段）呼应小标题并承接上文。 11.B　根据段落小标题和段首句可知，成为科学家耗时很长，需要一定的耐心。B项（很少有工作比这一项需要更长时间）呼应小标题并承接上文。 12.F　根据本段内容可知，F项（科学家必须诚实地报告研究结果，而不考虑个人利益或公众舆论）表明科学家要诚实，坚持真理，这是小标题Ethical （道德的） qualities的体现。 13.E　根据小标题可知，本段主要是谈工作习惯。E项（一个优秀的科学家甚至会记录最微小的观察结果并牢记于心）是一种工作习惯和方式，符合段落语境。 Ⅲ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。来自加州的中学生珊娅设计了一种比现有火灾探测系统更好的装置，获得了科学奖。 14.B　根据首段中的designing a fire detection （探测） system可知，这里指珊娅的想法的来源。 15.C　根据空后的something like that before可知，她以前从来没有真正经历过这样的事情。 16.C　根据上句中的after a fire可知，她谈到了餐厅清晨发生的火灾。 17.D　根据空后的it still burned down可知，最后还是烧毁了。 18.A　根据空前的They had smoke detectors ...burned down可知，她补充说。 19.B　根据下句中的Smoke detectors sense active fires可知，发明了一种可以预防火灾的火灾探测系统。 20.D　根据上文多次出现的smoke可知，烟雾探测器从空气中的烟雾中感应到活跃的火灾。 21.D　根据首段中的designing可知，珊娅设计的热成像设备是用来防止火灾发生的。 22.A　根据后半句thermal camera and a tiny computer可知，她的系统由两个部分组成。 23.C　根据空后的sends a text message alarm可知，该设备检测到一个热源已经被忽视了十分钟。 24.A　根据下句可知，第一个设计完全失败了。 25.B　根据上句可知，这是她必须经历的一个大问题。 26.D　根据空前的bring the costs down to $60可知，使其比烟雾探测器更便宜。 27.C　根据上段第二句中的big problem可知，珊娅看到了一个问题。 28.B　根据空后的all young people to do可知，这就是鼓励所有年轻人去做的事情。 Ⅳ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2024年诺贝尔物理学奖的获奖者约翰·霍普菲尔德和杰弗里·辛顿，他们在机器学习领域的贡献为人工智能的发展奠定了基础。 29.went　考查时态。根据时间状语On Tuesday和并列谓语was awarded可知，这里描述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。 30.whose　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是John Hopfield和Geoffrey Hinton，指人，且在定语从句中作定语，应用whose引导。 31.products　考查名词复数。根据空前的many可知，空处应用product的复数形式products。 32.on/upon　考查介词。have an influence on/upon是固定搭配，表示“对……有影响”，这里the influence为先行词，AI will have on/upon our societies是定语从句。 33.strength　考查名词。形容词physical应修饰所给词strong的名词形式；strength意为“体力”，为不可数名词。 34.smarter　考查形容词比较级。空处应用形容词的比较级，与more powerful并列，共同修饰things。 35.is based　考查时态和语态。主语The technology和base之间是动宾关系，且描述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语The technology为单数，be动词用is。 36.Developing　考查非谓语动词。空处应用动词-ing形式作句子的主语；置于句首，首字母大写。 37.or　考查连词。a particular word和a special fact是并列的名词短语，且这里表示“或者”，应用or。 38.to find　考查非谓语动词。此处表示“为了找到目标信息”，表示目的，应用不定式形式to find。 5 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $