Unit 4 Period 2 Grammar and usage（分层作业）英语译林版必修第三册

Unit 4 Period 2 Grammar and usage分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、英汉互译 1．surround 2．indicate 3．accident 4．penicillin 5．mould 6．bacteria 7． vt. 较喜欢；偏袒；有助于；n. 帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒 8． n. 政治家，从政者；投机钻营者 9． n. 闪电 10． 偶然，意外地 【答案】 1．vt. 围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关 2．vt. 表明；暗示；提及；指出 3．n. 意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇 4．n. 青霉素，盘尼西林 5．n. 霉菌；模具；类型；vt. 浇铸；塑造 6．n. (sing. bacterium) 细菌 7．favour 8．politician 9．lightning 10．by accident 【解析】 1．surround，动词，意为“ 围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关”，故填：vt. 围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关。 2．indicate动词，意为“表明；暗示；提及；指出”，故填：vt. 表明；暗示；提及；指出。 3．accident 名词，意为“意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇”，故填：n. 意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇。 4．penicillin名词，意为“青霉素，盘尼西林”，故填：n. 青霉素，盘尼西林。 5．mould名词，意为“霉菌；模具；类型”，也可作动词，意为“浇铸；塑造”，故填：n. 霉菌；模具；类型；vt. 浇铸；塑造。 6．bacteria名词，意为“ 细菌”，为复数，其单数为bacterium，故填：n. (sing. bacterium) 细菌。 7．“较喜欢；偏袒；有助于”动词，也可作名词“帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒”，英文表达为favour，故填favour。 8．“政治家，从政者；投机钻营者”名词，英文表达为politician，故填politician。 9．“闪电”名词，英文表达为lightning，故填lightning。 10．“偶然，意外地”为固定搭配by accident，故填by accident。 二、选词填空 从所给的10个短语中选择恰当的短语填空，且需使用所选短语的正确形式。 by accident   head to   bring about   be about to   apart from figure out   make progress   end up   on duty   earn a living 1．The security guard was very responsible while , checking everyone who entered the building. 2．She found the old photo album in the bedroom , uncovering memories from her childhood. 3．We planned to watch a movie, but discussing our future plans until midnight. 4．As soon as the concert ended, the crowd the exit, eager to avoid the traffic. 5．I leave the house when the phone rang, announcing an unexpected visitor. 6．After years of practice, he now as a professional street performer in the city square. 7． a few spelling mistakes, your essay has clear ideas and strong arguments. 8．The new policy aims to positive changes in public transportation. 9．It took her hours to the complex math problem that had confused the entire class. 10．By practicing daily, the beginner pianist in mastering difficult compositions so far. 【答案】 1．on duty 2．by accident 3．ended up 4．headed to 5．was about to 6．earns a living 7．Apart from 8．bring about 9．figure out 10．has made progress 【解析】 1．考查介词短语。句意：保安值班时非常负责，检查每一个进入大楼的人。根据下文“checking everyone who entered the building(检查每一个进入大楼的人)”可知这是保安在值班时的工作内容，所以选择短语“on duty(值班)”。“while”引导时间状语从句，从句中省略了主语和be动词，完整形式为“while he was on duty”。故填on duty。 2．考查介词短语。句意：她在卧室里偶然发现了那本旧相册，揭开了她童年的回忆。根据下文“uncovering memories from her childhood(揭开了她童年的回忆)”可知这是她偶然发现旧相册带来的结果，所以选择短语“by accident(偶然地)”，空白处在句中作状语。故填by accident。 3．考查动词短语和时态。句意：我们计划看电影，但最后却讨论我们的未来计划直到午夜。根据上文“We planned to watch a movie(我们计划看电影)”以及下文“discussing our future plans until midnight(讨论我们的未来计划直到午夜)”可知前后是转折关系，我们没有按计划看电影，而是最后讨论计划到了午夜，后者是最终结果，所以选择短语“end up(最终成为；最后处于)”。根据上文“planned”可知句子表示的是过去发生的动作，时态为一般过去时，end的过去式为ended。故填ended up。 4．考查动词短语和时态。句意：音乐会一结束，人群就朝出口走去，急于避开交通拥堵。根据上文“As soon as the concert ended(音乐会一结束)”以及下文“the exit(出口)”可知人群结束音乐会后要朝出口走去，所以选择短语“head to(朝……走去)”。根据上文“ended”可知句子表示的是过去发生的动作，时态为一般过去时，head的过去式为headed。故填headed to。 5．考查动词短语和时态。句意：我正要出门时，电话铃响了，通知有位不速之客。根据下文“leave the house when the phone rang(出门时电话铃响了)”可知这是表示即将做某事时被打断，所以选择短语“be about to(即将；正要)”。根据下文“rang”可知句子表示的是过去发生的动作，时态为一般过去时，主语为I，be动词用was。故填was about to。 6．考查动词短语和时态。句意：经过多年的练习，他现在作为一名专业的街头艺人在城市广场谋生。根据上文“After years of practice(经过多年的练习)”以及下文“as a professional street performer in the city square(作为一名专业的街头艺人在城市广场)”可知他经过练习后现在靠街头表演谋生，所以选择短语“earn a living(谋生)”。根据上文now可知句子表示的是主语目前的生活状态，时态为一般现在时，主语为he，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填earns a living。 7．考查介词短语。句意：除了几处拼写错误外，你的文章思路清晰，论据充分。根据下文“a few spelling mistakes(几处拼写错误)”以及“your essay has clear ideas and strong arguments(你的文章思路清晰，论据充分)”可知前后是转折关系，除了拼写错误外文章其他方面都很好，所以选择短语“apart from(除了……之外)”。空白处在句首，首字母需大写。故填Apart from。 8．考查动词短语。句意：新政策旨在给公共交通带来积极的变化。根据下文“positive changes in public transportation(公共交通的积极变化)”可知这是新政策要达成的目标，所以选择短语“bring about(带来；引起)”。根据空白处前面的动词不定式符号to可知，空白处填动词原形。故填bring about。 9．考查动词短语。句意：她花了几个小时才弄清楚那道让全班都困惑的复杂数学题。根据下文“the complex math problem that had confused the entire class(那道让全班都困惑的复杂数学题)”可知她要弄清楚这道难题，所以选择短语“figure out(弄清楚；弄明白)”。根据空白处前面的动词不定式符号to可知，空白处填动词原形。故填figure out。 10．考查动词短语和时态。句意：通过每天练习，这位初学钢琴的人到目前为止在掌握困难曲目方面取得了进步。根据上文“By practicing daily(通过每天练习)”以及下文“in mastering difficult compositions so far(到目前为止在掌握困难曲目方面)”可知。每天的练习让初学者取得了进步，所以选择短语“make progress(取得进步)”。根据下文时间状语“so far(到目前为止)”可知句子时态为现在完成时，主语为the beginner pianist，助动词用has，make的过去分词为made。故填has made progress。 三、单句语法填空 所给词的适当形式填空。 1．When (face) with difficulties, one should be tough. 【答案】faced 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：面对困难时，一个人应该坚强。固定短语be faced with面临、面对……，此处省略be，用过去分词作状语。故填faced。 2． (occupy) in preparing for the press conference all day, she couldn’t afford any more time for the party. 【答案】Occupied 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一整天都忙着准备新闻发布会，她抽不出更多的时间来参加聚会。此处为非谓语动词作状语，occupy与逻辑主语she之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式，作状语，去掉be动词，句首单词首字母大写。故填Occupied。 3． (disappoint) just to be given a B, as I was hoping for an A, I went to the teacher asking how my essay could be improved. 【答案】Disappointed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我感到很失望，因为只给了我一个B，而我原本期望的是A，所以我去找老师，询问如何改进我的论文。“(disappoint) just to be given a B”作伴随状语，表示主语“I”的心理状态，用形容词disappointed，意为“失望的，沮丧的”；句首单词首字母大写。故填Disappointed。 4．The physicians claimed that the herbal therapy (seek) by the parents had no evident effect on preventing children’s psychological disorder. 【答案】sought 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：医生们声称，家长们寻求的草药疗法对预防儿童心理障碍没有明显效果。that引导的宾语从句已有谓语had，动词seek“寻求”用非谓语形式，逻辑主语the herbal therapy与动词seek是动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，作后置定语修饰名词短语the herbal therapy。故填sought。 5． (compare) with other sports, basketball is recognized to be the most popular sport among middle school students in China. 【答案】Compared 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：与其他运动相比，篮球被认为是中国中学生中最受欢迎的运动。根据“basketball”与“compare”的动宾关系(篮球被拿来与其他运动进行比较)可知，此处应用过去分词compared，作状语，句首单词首字母应大写。故填Compared。 6．Here’s a photo (take) in my classroom at primary school. 【答案】taken 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这是一张在我小学的教室里拍的照片。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作photo的后置定语，短语take a photo意为“拍一张照片”，take和photo逻辑上是被动关系，且动作已完成，因此用take的过去分词形式。故填taken。 7． (amaze) at how quickly she mastered the difficult grammar, the teacher praised her in class. 【答案】Amazed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对她如此迅速地掌握难懂的语法感到惊讶，老师在课上表扬了她。本句谓语为praised，此处为非谓语动词，作状语，主语the teacher与amaze“使惊讶”为被动关系，用过去分词，句首单词首字母大写。故填Amazed。 8． (deny) access to the information, the boys built up their math model very slowly. 【答案】Denied 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于被拒绝获取信息，男孩们建立数学模型的速度非常慢。句子主语the boys与deny之间是被动关系，即男孩们被拒绝获取信息，所以用过去分词Denied作原因状语。首字母大写。故填Denied。 9．The movie, (base) on a true story, is very popular among young people. 【答案】based 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这部基于真实故事改编的电影在年轻人中非常受欢迎。分析句子结构可知，此空考查非谓语，base与The movie是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填based。 10．They demanded a highly aesthetic space, (decorate) with fine stationery, so that they could be isolated from disturbing affairs, even for a brief time. 【答案】decorated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们要求一个极具美感的空间，用精美的文具装饰，这样他们即使是短暂的时间也能远离纷扰的事务。空处修饰名词space，decorate“装饰”和逻辑主语space之间是被动关系，应用decorate的过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填decorated。 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Standing in the National Speed Skating Oval, China’s former speed skating world champion Wang Beixing had mixed emotions. She was jealous of those young athletes who had the chance 1 (skate) on the new rink (溜冰场). And she felt very glad as the testing program in the venue, 2 (know) as the “Ice Ribbon”, was going as smoothly as the athletes skated on the gleaming ice. Following the 3 (success) testing program on snow in February, the “Experience Beijing” ice sports testing series for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics, 4 (consist) of five Olympic events and two para events, got underway 5 April 1 and 10 in five different competition venues, including the National Speed Skating Oval 6 the 36-year-old Wang Beixing works as the stadium’s sports director. “The testing program in the ‘Ice Ribbon’ had three 7 (priority). First is the ice. We need to make sure the ice will be 8 perfect quality during the Winter Olympics, Wang said. “The second would be the competition facilities including the safety cushions, training equipment and so on, which 9 (be) mostly relevant to the athletes, and we want feedback from them, “Thirdly, we also need to drill on the operation teams,” she said. “ 10 (certain), I feel very glad because the competition went well and I am satisfied with the result of the rehearsals.” 【答案】 1．to skate 2．known 3．successful 4．consisting 5．between 6．where 7．priorities 8．of 9．are 10．Certainly 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记述了中国前速滑世界冠军王北星担任国家速滑椭圆形体育场的体育主管。为确保冬奥会期间冰的质量完美做了一系列的工作。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：她嫉妒那些能有机会在新的溜冰场溜冰的年轻运动员们。has/have a chance to do sth译为：有机会做某事，不定式作后置定语。故填to skate.。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：因为被称为“冰丝带”的测试项目进行得像运动员在闪闪发光的冰面上滑冰一样顺利，他感到非常高兴。分析句子可知，在as引导的原因状语从句当中，主语是the testing program ，谓语是 was going，所以此空处应用括号里单词的非谓语形式，be known as译为：作为……而出名，故填known。 3．考查形容词。句意：继今年2月成功完成雪地测试项目后，由5个奥运项目和2个残奥会项目组成的“体验北京”冰雪运动系列测试于4月1日至10日在5个不同的比赛场馆展开。包括国家速滑椭圆形体育场，36岁的王北星是该体育场的体育主管。该空处上文有定冠词the，用来修饰名词短语 testing program ，故所以此空处应用success的形容词形式作定语。故填successful。 4．考查非谓语。句意：继今年2月成功完成雪地测试项目后，由5个奥运项目和2个残奥会项目组成的“体验北京”冰雪运动系列测试于4月1日至10日在5个不同的比赛场馆展开。包括国家速滑椭圆形体育场，36岁的王北星是该体育场的体育主管。consist of…译为：由……组成。为动词短语，分析该句子可知其句子结构为主系表，系动词为got，consist of 与其逻辑主语the successful testing program之间是主动的关系，应用现在分词。故填consisting。 5．考查介词。句意：继今年2月成功完成雪地测试项目后，由5个奥运项目和2个残奥会项目组成的“体验北京”冰雪运动系列测试于4月1日至10日在5个不同的比赛场馆展开。包括国家速滑椭圆形体育场，36岁的王北星是该体育场的体育主管。between…and…译为：在……和……之间。故填between。 6．考查定语从句。句意：继今年2月成功完成雪地测试项目后，由5个奥运项目和2个残奥会项目组成的“体验北京”冰雪运动系列测试于4月1日至10日在5个不同的比赛场馆展开。包括国家速滑椭圆形体育场，36岁的王北星是该体育场的体育主管。此空处下文句子意义表达完整，先行词是the National Speed Skating Oval 表示地点，所以需要填关系副词表示地点，故填where。 7．考查名词。句意：‘冰丝带’的测试项目有三个重点。该空处上文是three, 括号所给的词priority是可数名词，所以应填可数名词的复数形式。故填priorities。 8．考查介词。句意：我们需要确保冬奥会期间的冰质量完美。“be of +名词”表示所修饰词的某种特征。be of quality 译为：有质量。而perfect也是来修饰quality的。故填of。 9．考查主谓一致。句意：其次是比赛设施，包括安全垫、训练设备等，这些主要是与运动员有关的，我们希望从他们那里得到反馈。分析该句可知which引导非限制性定语从句，在句中作主语，先行词是the competition facilities，故which的复数概念，谓语动词也应用复数形式。故填are。 10．考查副词。句意：当然，我感到很高兴，因为比赛进行得很顺利，我对排练的结果很满意。此空处下文句子意义表达完整，句子成分完整，所以应用副词修饰整个句子。故填Certainly。 五、完形填空 Stephen Glenn is a famous American research scientist who has made several very important medical 1 . When asked why he was able to be so much more 2 than the average person, he responded that it all came from a(n) 3 with his mother that occurred when he was a child. Stephen tried to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator but spilled(洒出) it all over the kitchen floor. Instead of 4 at him, giving him a lecture or chastising(指责) him, his mother said, “What a great and wonderful 5 you’ve made! Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes 6 we clean it up?” Indeed, he did. Then, his mother said, “Stephen, whenever you make a mess like this, 7 you have to clean it up.” And together they cleaned up the spilled milk. His mother then said, “You know, what we have here is a 8 experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let’s see if you can discover a way to carry it without 9 it.” The little boy learned if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could 10 without dropping it. What a good 11 to him! This famous scientist said it was at that moment that he knew he didn’t need to be afraid to make 12 . Instead, he learned mistakes were just 13 for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientific 14 are all about. Even if the experiment doesn’t work, we usually learn something 15 from it. 1．A．impressions B．breakthroughs C．promises D．intentions 2．A．outgoing B．responsible C．warm-hearted D．creative 3．A．experience B．word C．argument D．adventure 4．A．looking B．yelling C．smiling D．glancing 5．A．discovery B．mess C．change D．joke 6．A．when B．as C．after D．before 7．A．gradually B．initially C．eventually D．constantly 8．A．successful B．failed C．completed D．useless 9．A．shaking B．dropping C．lifting D．touching 10．A．make up B．make off C．make it D．make sense 11．A．attitude B．apology C．project D．lesson 12．A．efforts B．plans C．mistakes D．decisions 13．A．requirements B．routines C．chances D．goals 14．A．achievements B．approaches C．seminars D．experiments 15．A．valuable B．ambiguous C．familiar D．abstract 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．B 9．B 10．C 11．D 12．C 13．C 14．D 15．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一个著名的科学家小时候的一次经历, 正是由于妈妈的鼓励和引导, 这名科学家懂得了人生应该从错误中学习, 不要害怕犯错误。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯蒂芬·格伦是一位著名的美国研究科学家，他在医学上取得了几项非常重要的突破。A. impressions印象； B. breakthroughs突破；C.promises承诺D. intentions 意图。根据“Stephen Glenn is a famous American research scientist who has made several very important medical”可知，他在医学上取得了几项非常重要的突破。故选B项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当被问及为什么他能比一般人更有创造力时，他回答说，这都来自他小时候和母亲的经历。A. outgoing外向的；B. responsible有责任的；C.warm-hearted 热心的；D. creative有创造力的。根据“who has made several very important medical  ________ .”可知，他能比一般人更有创造力。故选D项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当被问及为什么他能比一般人更有创造力时，他回答说，这都来自他小时候和母亲的经历。A. experience经历；B. word消息；C. argument争论； D. adventure冒险。根据“...that occurred when he was a child”以及下文具体的叙述经历可知，这都来自他小时候和母亲的经历。故选A项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的母亲没有对他大嚷大叫，也没有狠狠地教训或惩罚他，只是说:“你制造的麻烦真是太棒了!”。A. looking看；B. yelling喊；C. smiling微笑； D.  glancing一瞥。根据“What a great and wonderful ________ you’ve made!”可知，：他的母亲没有对他大嚷大叫。故选B项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的母亲没有对他大嚷大叫，也没有狠狠地教训或惩罚他，只是说:“你制造的混乱真是太棒了!。A. discovery发现； B. mess混乱； C. change 改变；D. joke笑话。根据“Stephen tried to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator but spilled(洒出) it all over the kitchen floor.”可知，作者制造了混乱。妈妈只是说故“你制造的混乱真是太棒了!故选B项。 6．考查连词词义辨析。句意：在我们把它打扫干净之前，你想不想在牛奶里玩几分钟?A. when当……时候； B. as因为； C.after在……之后；D.  before在……之前。根据句意可知，本句为before引导的时间状语从句。故选D项。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，他的母亲说:“斯蒂芬，无论什么时候你弄得这么乱，最终都得自己收拾。”A. gradually逐渐地；B. initially原来地；C. eventually最后地；D. constantly一直地。根据“you have to clean it up.”可知，母亲对斯蒂芬说，无论什么时候你弄得这么乱，最终都得自己收拾。故选C项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的妈妈接着说:“你知道吗，我们现在做的是一个失败的实验，这个实验室关于如何用两只小手有效地拿起一个大奶瓶。A. successful成功的； B. failed不成功的；C. completed完整的；D. useless无用处的。根据“Let’s see if you can discover a way to carry it without  ________  it.”可知，母亲接着说，他们现在做的是一个失败的实验。故选B项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：让我们看看你是否能找到一种不让它掉下去的方法。A. shaking晃动； B. dropping掉落；C. lifting抬起； D. touching触摸。根据“without dropping it.”可知，母亲让斯蒂芬探究是否找到一种不让它掉下去的方法。故选B项。 10．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：男孩发现只要用双手抓住瓶子顶部靠近瓶口的地方，瓶子就不会掉下来。A. make up编造； B. make off匆忙离开； C. make it 成功；D. make sense讲得通。根据“The little boy learned if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands”以及“without dropping it.”可知，男孩发现只要用双手抓住瓶子顶部靠近瓶口的地方，瓶子就不会掉下来。故选C项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对他来说是多么好的一堂课啊。A. attitude态度；B. apology道歉； C. project工程；D. lesson课程。根据上文可知，母亲并没有责备打翻牛奶瓶的斯蒂芬，母亲让史蒂芬自己去发现一种不让瓶子掉下去的方法。对斯蒂芬是多么好的一堂课。故选D项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位著名的科学家说，就在那一刻，他知道他不必害怕犯错误。A. efforts努力； B. plans计划； C.mistakes错误；D.  decisions决定。根据“he knew he didn’t need to be afraid”以及“Instead, he learned mistakes”可知，这位著名的科学家说，就在那一刻，他知道他不必害怕犯错误。故选C项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，他发现错误只是学习新东西的机会，毕竟，这就是科学实验的意义所在。A. requirements要求；B. routines路线；C. chances机会；D. goals目标。根据上文打翻牛奶瓶的经历以及“for learning something new”可知，斯蒂芬发现错误只是学习新东西的机会。故选C项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，他发现错误只是学习新东西的机会，毕竟，这就是科学实验的意义所在。A. achievements成就；B. approach方法；C.seminars 研讨会；D. experiments实验。根据“Even if the experiment”可知，斯蒂芬发现错误只是学习新东西的机会，毕竟，这就是科学实验的意义所在。故选D项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使实验没有成功，我们通常也能从中学到一些有价值的东西。A. valuable有价值的； B. ambiguous不明确的；C.familiar熟悉的；D. abstract抽象的。根据“Even if the experiment doesn’t work”以及常识可知，即使实验没有成功，我们通常也能从中学到一些有价值的东西。故选A项。 六、七选五阅读 The aging affects the human body in many ways. One of them is muscle loss (肌肉松弛) as we age. Scientists may not know exactly when muscles loss starts. 1 . Here are the right ways to do it. Equipment (设备) strength training Equipment strength training is the best way to slowdown the process (过程) of muscle loss. Many gyms and health clubs have such muscle-building equipments as weights or running machines. 2 . Therefore, if you are new to such kind of training, experts suggest you work with a trainer or physical fitness specialist to avoid injury. Also listen to your body. If an exercise causes pain, stop immediately. After the pain goes away you can try the exercise again, but with a lower weight or speed. No equipment strength training You do not have to use special exercise equipment or go to a gym to do strength training. You can just use your own body weight. Such excises include push-ups, side jumps, jumping jacks or deep knee bends. 3 . Exercises that use body weight are usually safer for beginners. They can also be easier on the body, and you can do them anywhere. Warm up 4 . Cold muscles injure more easily than warm muscles. Walking for 5 to 10 minutes is enough to warm up your muscles. 5 Give your muscles time to recover. Experts say it is better to rest one full day between exercising each specific muscle group. A．Have a break B．The aging process can be stopped in many ways C．They are great exercises to slow down muscle loss D．Working with these equipments can be dangerous E．Experts suggest warming up before strength training F．You can slowly increase the weight as you get stronger G．But what they do know is that it can be greatly slowed down 【答案】1．G 2．D 3．C 4．E 5．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些可以减缓肌肉萎缩的方法，以及注意事项。 1．上文“Scientists may not know exactly when muscles loss starts. 科学家可能不知道肌肉萎缩的确切时间”与G.But what they do know is that it can be greatly slowed down(但是他们知道这个过程可以在很大程度上减慢)承接自然，上下文构成明显的转折关系，且they就是上文的提到的scientists。know是关键词。故选G。 2．下文“Therefore, if you are new to such kind of training, experts suggest you work with a trainer or physical fitness specialist to avoid injury.因此，如果你是刚参加这些锻炼，专家建议你和教练或者健康专家一起，以避免受伤”与D.Working with these equipment can be dangerous(使用这些器械可能很危险)承接自然，因为这些健身器械使用起来会有危险，所以建议新手和教练或者健康专家一起。选项中的dangerous可对应下文的injury。故选D。 3．上文“ Such excises include push-ups, side jumps, jumping jacks or deep knee bends. 这些锻炼包括俯卧撑、侧跳、开合跳或者深曲膝盖”与C. They are great exercises to slow down muscle loss(它们是减慢肌肉萎缩的很好的运动)承接自然，选中的they就指代上文提到的那些运动。故选C。 4．下文“Cold muscles injure more easily than warm muscles. 冷肌肉比热肌肉更容易受伤”与E. Experts suggest warming up before strength training(专家建议在进行力量锻炼前先热身)承接自然，因为冷肌肉更容易受伤，所以专家建议锻炼前先热身。且选项内容符合本段小标题Warm up(热身)的话题。故选E。 5．分析段落结构可知，设空处为本段小标题。根据下文“Give your muscles time to recover. Experts say it is better to rest one full day between exercising each specific muscle group.给你的肌肉时间来恢复。专家说，在锻炼每一个特定的肌肉群之间最好休息一天”可知，本段主要建议人们进行适当的休息，让肌肉有恢复的时间。故A. Have a break(休息)可以作为本段小标题，故选A。 七、阅读理解 Yang Zhenning, born on October 1, 1922 in Hefei City, Anhui province, is a Chinese physicist who made important contributions. In 1935, he told his parents his ambition to “win the Nobel Prize one day,” a childlike “bold statement” that later became a reality in 1957, making him one of the first two Chinese Nobel Prize winners. In 1945, he was chosen as a government-sponsored student from Tsinghua University to study in the United States. In 1948, he obtained his doctorate. During his time at the University of Chicago, he was deeply influenced by Professor Enrico Fermi. Later, recommended by Fermi, he joined the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton in 1949, starting a brilliant academic career. Although he lived abroad, he always cared about his motherland. Learning that China’s atomic bomb was developed independently, he was deeply moved to tears. In 1980, he set up the “Committee on Scholarly Exchange with China,” sponsoring nearly 100 Chinese scholars to study in the United States over more than a decade. These scholars later became the backbone of China’s scientific and technological development. Since 1999, he had served as a professor at Tsinghua University, raising funds to establish the Institute for Advanced Study Foundation. “One of the most important choices in my life was deciding to return to Tsinghua,” Yang Zhenning once said. At the age of over 80, he taught “General Physics” to freshmen and promoted the development of disciplines such as cold atomic physics. Though Professor Yang Zhenning has passed away, his spirit lives on. 1．At what age did Yang Zhenning show his ambition to win a Nobel Prize? A．10. B．13. C．23. D．35. 2．What can we infer about the scholars in Paragraph 5? A．They established an organization. B．They disagreed with Yang’s methods. C．They became key scientists in China. D．They all decided to work in America. 3．Which words can best describe Yang Zhenning? A．Intelligent and tough. B．Ambitious and patriotic. C．Humorous and determined. D．Outgoing and warm-hearted. 4．What does the underlined phrase refer to in the last paragraph? A．His religious faith and personal beliefs. B．The physical energy he had in old age. C．The financial donations he made to universities. D．His lasting scientific achievements and inspiring influence. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍物理学家杨振宁的生平事迹、学术成就及爱国贡献。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Yang Zhenning, born on October 1, 1922 in Hefei City, Anhui province, is a Chinese physicist who made important contributions. (杨振宁，1922年10月1日出生于安徽省合肥市，是中国有重要贡献的物理学家。)”和第二段中的“In 1935, he told his parents his ambition to ‘win the Nobel Prize one day’”(1935年，他告诉父母自己“有朝一日要获得诺贝尔奖”的志向。) 可知，杨振宁在13岁时（1935-1922=13）表达了获诺贝尔奖的志向。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“These scholars later became the backbone of China’s scientific and technological development. (这些学者后来成为了中国科技发展的中坚力量。) ”可知，这些学者成了中国科技领域的核心人才。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“he told his parents his ambition to ‘win the Nobel Prize one day’ (他告诉父母自己“有朝一日要获得诺贝尔奖”的志向) ”和第四段中的“Although he lived abroad, he always cared about his motherland. (尽管身居海外，他始终心系祖国。) ”可知，杨振宁既有远大志向，又怀有深厚的爱国情怀。故选B项。 4．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“In 1935, he told his parents his ambition to ‘win the Nobel Prize one day,’ a childlike ‘bold statement’ that later became a reality in 1957, making him one of the first two Chinese Nobel Prize winners. (1935年，他告诉父母自己“有朝一日要获得诺贝尔奖”的志向，这句孩子气的“豪言壮语”后来在1957年成为现实，使他成为最早的两位华人诺贝尔奖得主之一)”，第五段中的“In 1980, he set up the ‘Committee on Scholarly Exchange with China,’ sponsoring nearly 100 Chinese scholars to study in the United States over more than a decade. These scholars later became the backbone of China’s scientific and technological development. (1980 年，他成立了“与中国学术交流委员会”，在十多年间资助了近百名中国学者赴美深造。这些学者后来成为了中国科技发展的中坚力量。)”，第六段中的“At the age of over 80, he taught ‘General Physics’ to freshmen and promoted the development of disciplines such as cold atomic physics. (80多岁高龄时，他还为大一新生讲授《普通物理学》，推动了冷原子物理等学科的发展。)”可知，此处的spirit指他留下的不朽科研成就和鼓舞人心的影响。故选D项。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Period 2 Grammar and usage分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、英汉互译 1．surround 2．indicate 3．accident 4．penicillin 5．mould 6．bacteria 7． vt. 较喜欢；偏袒；有助于；n. 帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒 8． n. 政治家，从政者；投机钻营者 9． n. 闪电 10． 偶然，意外地 二、选词填空 从所给的10个短语中选择恰当的短语填空，且需使用所选短语的正确形式。 by accident   head to   bring about   be about to   apart from figure out   make progress   end up   on duty   earn a living 1．The security guard was very responsible while , checking everyone who entered the building. 2．She found the old photo album in the bedroom , uncovering memories from her childhood. 3．We planned to watch a movie, but discussing our future plans until midnight. 4．As soon as the concert ended, the crowd the exit, eager to avoid the traffic. 5．I leave the house when the phone rang, announcing an unexpected visitor. 6．After years of practice, he now as a professional street performer in the city square. 7． a few spelling mistakes, your essay has clear ideas and strong arguments. 8．The new policy aims to positive changes in public transportation. 9．It took her hours to the complex math problem that had confused the entire class. 10．By practicing daily, the beginner pianist in mastering difficult compositions so far. 三、单句语法填空 所给词的适当形式填空。 1．When (face) with difficulties, one should be tough. 2． (occupy) in preparing for the press conference all day, she couldn’t afford any more time for the party. 3． (disappoint) just to be given a B, as I was hoping for an A, I went to the teacher asking how my essay could be improved. 4．The physicians claimed that the herbal therapy (seek) by the parents had no evident effect on preventing children’s psychological disorder. 5． (compare) with other sports, basketball is recognized to be the most popular sport among middle school students in China. 6．Here’s a photo (take) in my classroom at primary school. 7． (amaze) at how quickly she mastered the difficult grammar, the teacher praised her in class. 8． (deny) access to the information, the boys built up their math model very slowly. 9．The movie, (base) on a true story, is very popular among young people. 10．They demanded a highly aesthetic space, (decorate) with fine stationery, so that they could be isolated from disturbing affairs, even for a brief time. 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Standing in the National Speed Skating Oval, China’s former speed skating world champion Wang Beixing had mixed emotions. She was jealous of those young athletes who had the chance 1 (skate) on the new rink (溜冰场). And she felt very glad as the testing program in the venue, 2 (know) as the “Ice Ribbon”, was going as smoothly as the athletes skated on the gleaming ice. Following the 3 (success) testing program on snow in February, the “Experience Beijing” ice sports testing series for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics, 4 (consist) of five Olympic events and two para events, got underway 5 April 1 and 10 in five different competition venues, including the National Speed Skating Oval 6 the 36-year-old Wang Beixing works as the stadium’s sports director. “The testing program in the ‘Ice Ribbon’ had three 7 (priority). First is the ice. We need to make sure the ice will be 8 perfect quality during the Winter Olympics, Wang said. “The second would be the competition facilities including the safety cushions, training equipment and so on, which 9 (be) mostly relevant to the athletes, and we want feedback from them, “Thirdly, we also need to drill on the operation teams,” she said. “ 10 (certain), I feel very glad because the competition went well and I am satisfied with the result of the rehearsals.” 五、完形填空 Stephen Glenn is a famous American research scientist who has made several very important medical 1 . When asked why he was able to be so much more 2 than the average person, he responded that it all came from a(n) 3 with his mother that occurred when he was a child. Stephen tried to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator but spilled(洒出) it all over the kitchen floor. Instead of 4 at him, giving him a lecture or chastising(指责) him, his mother said, “What a great and wonderful 5 you’ve made! Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes 6 we clean it up?” Indeed, he did. Then, his mother said, “Stephen, whenever you make a mess like this, 7 you have to clean it up.” And together they cleaned up the spilled milk. His mother then said, “You know, what we have here is a 8 experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let’s see if you can discover a way to carry it without 9 it.” The little boy learned if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could 10 without dropping it. What a good 11 to him! This famous scientist said it was at that moment that he knew he didn’t need to be afraid to make 12 . Instead, he learned mistakes were just 13 for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientific 14 are all about. Even if the experiment doesn’t work, we usually learn something 15 from it. 1．A．impressions B．breakthroughs C．promises D．intentions 2．A．outgoing B．responsible C．warm-hearted D．creative 3．A．experience B．word C．argument D．adventure 4．A．looking B．yelling C．smiling D．glancing 5．A．discovery B．mess C．change D．joke 6．A．when B．as C．after D．before 7．A．gradually B．initially C．eventually D．constantly 8．A．successful B．failed C．completed D．useless 9．A．shaking B．dropping C．lifting D．touching 10．A．make up B．make off C．make it D．make sense 11．A．attitude B．apology C．project D．lesson 12．A．efforts B．plans C．mistakes D．decisions 13．A．requirements B．routines C．chances D．goals 14．A．achievements B．approaches C．seminars D．experiments 15．A．valuable B．ambiguous C．familiar D．abstract 六、七选五阅读 The aging affects the human body in many ways. One of them is muscle loss (肌肉松弛) as we age. Scientists may not know exactly when muscles loss starts. 1 . Here are the right ways to do it. Equipment (设备) strength training Equipment strength training is the best way to slowdown the process (过程) of muscle loss. Many gyms and health clubs have such muscle-building equipments as weights or running machines. 2 . Therefore, if you are new to such kind of training, experts suggest you work with a trainer or physical fitness specialist to avoid injury. Also listen to your body. If an exercise causes pain, stop immediately. After the pain goes away you can try the exercise again, but with a lower weight or speed. No equipment strength training You do not have to use special exercise equipment or go to a gym to do strength training. You can just use your own body weight. Such excises include push-ups, side jumps, jumping jacks or deep knee bends. 3 . Exercises that use body weight are usually safer for beginners. They can also be easier on the body, and you can do them anywhere. Warm up 4 . Cold muscles injure more easily than warm muscles. Walking for 5 to 10 minutes is enough to warm up your muscles. 5 Give your muscles time to recover. Experts say it is better to rest one full day between exercising each specific muscle group. A．Have a break B．The aging process can be stopped in many ways C．They are great exercises to slow down muscle loss D．Working with these equipments can be dangerous E．Experts suggest warming up before strength training F．You can slowly increase the weight as you get stronger G．But what they do know is that it can be greatly slowed down 七、阅读理解 Yang Zhenning, born on October 1, 1922 in Hefei City, Anhui province, is a Chinese physicist who made important contributions. In 1935, he told his parents his ambition to “win the Nobel Prize one day,” a childlike “bold statement” that later became a reality in 1957, making him one of the first two Chinese Nobel Prize winners. In 1945, he was chosen as a government-sponsored student from Tsinghua University to study in the United States. In 1948, he obtained his doctorate. During his time at the University of Chicago, he was deeply influenced by Professor Enrico Fermi. Later, recommended by Fermi, he joined the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton in 1949, starting a brilliant academic career. Although he lived abroad, he always cared about his motherland. Learning that China’s atomic bomb was developed independently, he was deeply moved to tears. In 1980, he set up the “Committee on Scholarly Exchange with China,” sponsoring nearly 100 Chinese scholars to study in the United States over more than a decade. These scholars later became the backbone of China’s scientific and technological development. Since 1999, he had served as a professor at Tsinghua University, raising funds to establish the Institute for Advanced Study Foundation. “One of the most important choices in my life was deciding to return to Tsinghua,” Yang Zhenning once said. At the age of over 80, he taught “General Physics” to freshmen and promoted the development of disciplines such as cold atomic physics. Though Professor Yang Zhenning has passed away, his spirit lives on. 1．At what age did Yang Zhenning show his ambition to win a Nobel Prize? A．10. B．13. C．23. D．35. 2．What can we infer about the scholars in Paragraph 5? A．They established an organization. B．They disagreed with Yang’s methods. C．They became key scientists in China. D．They all decided to work in America. 3．Which words can best describe Yang Zhenning? A．Intelligent and tough. B．Ambitious and patriotic. C．Humorous and determined. D．Outgoing and warm-hearted. 4．What does the underlined phrase refer to in the last paragraph? A．His religious faith and personal beliefs. B．The physical energy he had in old age. C．The financial donations he made to universities. D．His lasting scientific achievements and inspiring influence. 2 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Period 2 Grammar and usage分层练习 参考答案 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、英汉互译 1．vt. 围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关 2．vt. 表明；暗示；提及；指出 3．n. 意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇 4．n. 青霉素，盘尼西林 5．n. 霉菌；模具；类型；vt. 浇铸；塑造 6．n. (sing. bacterium) 细菌 7．favour 8．politician 9．lightning 10．by accident 二、选词填空 1．on duty 2．by accident 3．ended up 4．headed to 5．was about to 6．earns a living 7．Apart from 8．bring about 9．figure out 10．has made progress 三、单句语法填空 1．faced 2．Occupied 3．Disappointed 4．sought 5．Compared 6．taken 7．Amazed 8．Denied 9．based 10．decorated 四、语法填空 1．to skate 2．known 3．successful 4．consisting 5．between 6．where 7．priorities 8．of 9．are 10．Certainly 五、完形填空 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．B 9．B 10．C 11．D 12．C 13．C 14．D 15．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一个著名的科学家小时候的一次经历, 正是由于妈妈的鼓励和引导, 这名科学家懂得了人生应该从错误中学习, 不要害怕犯错误。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯蒂芬·格伦是一位著名的美国研究科学家，他在医学上取得了几项非常重要的突破。A. impressions印象； B. breakthroughs突破；C.promises承诺D. intentions 意图。根据“Stephen Glenn is a famous American research scientist who has made several very important medical”可知，他在医学上取得了几项非常重要的突破。故选B项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当被问及为什么他能比一般人更有创造力时，他回答说，这都来自他小时候和母亲的经历。A. outgoing外向的；B. responsible有责任的；C.warm-hearted 热心的；D. creative有创造力的。根据“who has made several very important medical  ________ .”可知，他能比一般人更有创造力。故选D项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当被问及为什么他能比一般人更有创造力时，他回答说，这都来自他小时候和母亲的经历。A. experience经历；B. word消息；C. argument争论； D. adventure冒险。根据“...that occurred when he was a child”以及下文具体的叙述经历可知，这都来自他小时候和母亲的经历。故选A项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的母亲没有对他大嚷大叫，也没有狠狠地教训或惩罚他，只是说:“你制造的麻烦真是太棒了!”。A. looking看；B. yelling喊；C. smiling微笑； D.  glancing一瞥。根据“What a great and wonderful ________ you’ve made!”可知，：他的母亲没有对他大嚷大叫。故选B项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的母亲没有对他大嚷大叫，也没有狠狠地教训或惩罚他，只是说:“你制造的混乱真是太棒了!。A. discovery发现； B. mess混乱； C. change 改变；D. joke笑话。根据“Stephen tried to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator but spilled(洒出) it all over the kitchen floor.”可知，作者制造了混乱。妈妈只是说故“你制造的混乱真是太棒了!故选B项。 6．考查连词词义辨析。句意：在我们把它打扫干净之前，你想不想在牛奶里玩几分钟?A. when当……时候； B. as因为； C.after在……之后；D.  before在……之前。根据句意可知，本句为before引导的时间状语从句。故选D项。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，他的母亲说:“斯蒂芬，无论什么时候你弄得这么乱，最终都得自己收拾。”A. gradually逐渐地；B. initially原来地；C. eventually最后地；D. constantly一直地。根据“you have to clean it up.”可知，母亲对斯蒂芬说，无论什么时候你弄得这么乱，最终都得自己收拾。故选C项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的妈妈接着说:“你知道吗，我们现在做的是一个失败的实验，这个实验室关于如何用两只小手有效地拿起一个大奶瓶。A. successful成功的； B. failed不成功的；C. completed完整的；D. useless无用处的。根据“Let’s see if you can discover a way to carry it without  ________  it.”可知，母亲接着说，他们现在做的是一个失败的实验。故选B项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：让我们看看你是否能找到一种不让它掉下去的方法。A. shaking晃动； B. dropping掉落；C. lifting抬起； D. touching触摸。根据“without dropping it.”可知，母亲让斯蒂芬探究是否找到一种不让它掉下去的方法。故选B项。 10．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：男孩发现只要用双手抓住瓶子顶部靠近瓶口的地方，瓶子就不会掉下来。A. make up编造； B. make off匆忙离开； C. make it 成功；D. make sense讲得通。根据“The little boy learned if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands”以及“without dropping it.”可知，男孩发现只要用双手抓住瓶子顶部靠近瓶口的地方，瓶子就不会掉下来。故选C项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对他来说是多么好的一堂课啊。A. attitude态度；B. apology道歉； C. project工程；D. lesson课程。根据上文可知，母亲并没有责备打翻牛奶瓶的斯蒂芬，母亲让史蒂芬自己去发现一种不让瓶子掉下去的方法。对斯蒂芬是多么好的一堂课。故选D项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位著名的科学家说，就在那一刻，他知道他不必害怕犯错误。A. efforts努力； B. plans计划； C.mistakes错误；D.  decisions决定。根据“he knew he didn’t need to be afraid”以及“Instead, he learned mistakes”可知，这位著名的科学家说，就在那一刻，他知道他不必害怕犯错误。故选C项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，他发现错误只是学习新东西的机会，毕竟，这就是科学实验的意义所在。A. requirements要求；B. routines路线；C. chances机会；D. goals目标。根据上文打翻牛奶瓶的经历以及“for learning something new”可知，斯蒂芬发现错误只是学习新东西的机会。故选C项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，他发现错误只是学习新东西的机会，毕竟，这就是科学实验的意义所在。A. achievements成就；B. approach方法；C.seminars 研讨会；D. experiments实验。根据“Even if the experiment”可知，斯蒂芬发现错误只是学习新东西的机会，毕竟，这就是科学实验的意义所在。故选D项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使实验没有成功，我们通常也能从中学到一些有价值的东西。A. valuable有价值的； B. ambiguous不明确的；C.familiar熟悉的；D. abstract抽象的。根据“Even if the experiment doesn’t work”以及常识可知，即使实验没有成功，我们通常也能从中学到一些有价值的东西。故选A项。 六、七选五阅读 1．G 2．D 3．C 4．E 5．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些可以减缓肌肉萎缩的方法，以及注意事项。 1．上文“Scientists may not know exactly when muscles loss starts. 科学家可能不知道肌肉萎缩的确切时间”与G.But what they do know is that it can be greatly slowed down(但是他们知道这个过程可以在很大程度上减慢)承接自然，上下文构成明显的转折关系，且they就是上文的提到的scientists。know是关键词。故选G。 2．下文“Therefore, if you are new to such kind of training, experts suggest you work with a trainer or physical fitness specialist to avoid injury.因此，如果你是刚参加这些锻炼，专家建议你和教练或者健康专家一起，以避免受伤”与D.Working with these equipment can be dangerous(使用这些器械可能很危险)承接自然，因为这些健身器械使用起来会有危险，所以建议新手和教练或者健康专家一起。选项中的dangerous可对应下文的injury。故选D。 3．上文“ Such excises include push-ups, side jumps, jumping jacks or deep knee bends. 这些锻炼包括俯卧撑、侧跳、开合跳或者深曲膝盖”与C. They are great exercises to slow down muscle loss(它们是减慢肌肉萎缩的很好的运动)承接自然，选中的they就指代上文提到的那些运动。故选C。 4．下文“Cold muscles injure more easily than warm muscles. 冷肌肉比热肌肉更容易受伤”与E. Experts suggest warming up before strength training(专家建议在进行力量锻炼前先热身)承接自然，因为冷肌肉更容易受伤，所以专家建议锻炼前先热身。且选项内容符合本段小标题Warm up(热身)的话题。故选E。 5．分析段落结构可知，设空处为本段小标题。根据下文“Give your muscles time to recover. Experts say it is better to rest one full day between exercising each specific muscle group.给你的肌肉时间来恢复。专家说，在锻炼每一个特定的肌肉群之间最好休息一天”可知，本段主要建议人们进行适当的休息，让肌肉有恢复的时间。故A. Have a break(休息)可以作为本段小标题，故选A。 七、阅读理解 1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍物理学家杨振宁的生平事迹、学术成就及爱国贡献。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Yang Zhenning, born on October 1, 1922 in Hefei City, Anhui province, is a Chinese physicist who made important contributions. (杨振宁，1922年10月1日出生于安徽省合肥市，是中国有重要贡献的物理学家。)”和第二段中的“In 1935, he told his parents his ambition to ‘win the Nobel Prize one day’”(1935年，他告诉父母自己“有朝一日要获得诺贝尔奖”的志向。) 可知，杨振宁在13岁时（1935-1922=13）表达了获诺贝尔奖的志向。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“These scholars later became the backbone of China’s scientific and technological development. (这些学者后来成为了中国科技发展的中坚力量。) ”可知，这些学者成了中国科技领域的核心人才。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“he told his parents his ambition to ‘win the Nobel Prize one day’ (他告诉父母自己“有朝一日要获得诺贝尔奖”的志向) ”和第四段中的“Although he lived abroad, he always cared about his motherland. (尽管身居海外，他始终心系祖国。) ”可知，杨振宁既有远大志向，又怀有深厚的爱国情怀。故选B项。 4．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“In 1935, he told his parents his ambition to ‘win the Nobel Prize one day,’ a childlike ‘bold statement’ that later became a reality in 1957, making him one of the first two Chinese Nobel Prize winners. (1935年，他告诉父母自己“有朝一日要获得诺贝尔奖”的志向，这句孩子气的“豪言壮语”后来在1957年成为现实，使他成为最早的两位华人诺贝尔奖得主之一)”，第五段中的“In 1980, he set up the ‘Committee on Scholarly Exchange with China,’ sponsoring nearly 100 Chinese scholars to study in the United States over more than a decade. These scholars later became the backbone of China’s scientific and technological development. (1980 年，他成立了“与中国学术交流委员会”，在十多年间资助了近百名中国学者赴美深造。这些学者后来成为了中国科技发展的中坚力量。)”，第六段中的“At the age of over 80, he taught ‘General Physics’ to freshmen and promoted the development of disciplines such as cold atomic physics. (80多岁高龄时，他还为大一新生讲授《普通物理学》，推动了冷原子物理等学科的发展。)”可知，此处的spirit指他留下的不朽科研成就和鼓舞人心的影响。故选D项。 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $