内容正文:
Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project &
Assessment
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.pollution 2.costs 3.fresh 4.different 5.for
6.measures 7.benefits 8.quality 9.government
10.recycle
第二步
1-6 CBCDBA
第三步
2.(1)When I first moved here, the air was fresh, the grass green and the water clear.Then heavy industry factories moved in, and things became entirely different.I don’t enjoy outdoor activities any more.The river is dirty and smelly.The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey ...
(2)It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development.It’s our duty to leave a better, cleaner and healthier planet to our children.It’s our duty to build a human community with a shared future.
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①yourself ②of ③of ④is finally rid of the illness
2.①her ②yourself ③in
④defend the country against invaders
3.①consequent ②consequently ③As
④Consequently/In consequence
4.①give thought to ②give way to ③give rise to
④gave rise to/led to/brought about
重点句型解构
1.①Here came the bus ②there lived a man
③Present at the meeting were ④lies our library, which is between the garden and the teaching building
2.①with the windows open ②With the light on
③with a book in his hand ④With the machine running
⑤With the problem solved ⑥With a lot of work to do ⑦With the exam approaching
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Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
News that Matters①: pollution in Norgate
HOST:Good evening and welcome to News that Matters.Our topic today is pollution in Norgate.[1]Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith, a local resident②; Vincent Brown, senior manager of a local factory; and Julie Archer, chief③ of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee④. Welcome.
Norgate’s rapid development has had significant environmental costs⑤.Mr Smith, you’ve lived in this city for over 20 years.How would you describe the effects of pollution over that time?
SMITH:It’s been awful, really.When I first moved here, the air was fresh, the grass green and the water clear.Then heavy industry factories moved in, and things became entirely⑥ different.I don’t enjoy outdoor activities any more.The river is dirty and smelly.The smog⑦ in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey; [2]it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of⑧.For health and safety reasons alone, heavy industry has to go.
[1]该句主语较长,为了使句子平衡,将表语前置,使用完全倒装结构。a local resident, senior manager of a local factory, chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee分别作各自前面人名的同位语。
[2]句中that引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词a cough,that在从句中作宾语。
HOST:Mr Smith protested⑨ against heavy industry.Mr Brown, would you like to respond?
BROWN:Well, I’m sorry you feel that way, Mr Smith.People tend to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible⑩ businessmen eager to make huge profits⑪.[3]In defence⑫ of the factories, however, I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.I think I speak for all factory managers when I say we’re deeply concerned about the environment.[4]We’ve been taking various⑬ measures, including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process⑭, even though these measures raise our production costs.I’d also like to draw your attention to the economic⑮ benefits factories have brought to Norgate.We’ve created many jobs for local residents and helped the city’s economy grow.
[3]that引导宾语从句,作动词短语point out的宾语;we produce是省略了关系代词that或which的限制性定语从句,修饰先行词pollution。
[4]该句主句使用了现在完成进行时。动词不定式短语to reduce pollution in the production process作目的状语。even though引导让步状语从句。
HOST:Thank you, Mr Brown.[5]With pollution levels on the rise, the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.Mrs Archer, what are your thoughts on how to deal with pollution?
ARCHER:Well, our committee has a major role to play in maintaining air and water quality.We have to achieve a balance between environmental protection and economic development.We’ve made environmental policies⑯ for businesses to observe, like strict clean-up requirements.We also work hand in hand with other branches⑰ of government to ensure that development strategies⑱ are followed in an environmentally friendly⑲ way.[6]However, fighting pollution isn’t just a task for factories and the government. It has to be a community-wide effort, and everyone can help by following the golden rule: reduce, reuse and recycle⑳.For example, you can save energy by taking the bus or the subway㉑, or using the bike-sharing system㉒.
[5]With复合结构在句中作状语,其结构为“with+名词+介词短语”。
[6]句中动词-ing形式短语fighting pollution作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
HOST:Thank you, Mrs Archer, and thanks again to all of our guests.A former㉓ UN official㉔ once said, “Saving our planet, lifting people out of poverty㉕, advancing economic growth㉖ ...these are one and the same㉗ fight.” The fortunes of our environment and our economy are inseparable.[7] It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development.[8]It’s our duty to leave a better, cleaner and healthier planet to our children.[9]It’s our duty to build a human community with a shared future㉘.
[7][8][9]三句均为“It is+名词+to do sth”句型,连在一起构成排比句式,加强语气;It是形式主语,动词不定式短语作真正的主语。句[7]中的while引导时间状语从句。
①News that Matters 《焦点新闻》
②resident n.居民,住户
a local resident 一位当地居民
③chief n.首领,最高领导人 adj.主要的;首席的
④committee n.委员会
the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee 诺盖特环境保护委员会
⑤cost n.费用,花费;成本
[生义] n.努力,代价,损失
⑥entirely adv.完全地,全部地,完整地
entire adj.完全的,全部的,完整的
⑦smog n.雾霾,烟雾
[助记]缩合构词法:smoke+fog→smog雾霾,烟雾;breakfast+lunch→brunch早午餐;motor+hotel→motel汽车旅馆
⑧get rid of 摆脱,丢弃,扔掉
get rid of smoking 戒烟
⑨protest vi.反对,抗议 vt.反对;坚持声称,申辩 n.抗议,反对
protest against 反对
⑩irresponsible adj.不负责任的
responsible adj.负责任的
⑪profit n.利润,收益;好处
vi.& vt.获益,得到好处
make huge profits 获取巨大利润
⑫defence n.辩护;防御,保护;防御物;国防;防守
in defence of 为……作解释或辩护
⑬various adj.各种不同的,各种各样的
take various measures 采取各种措施
⑭process n.过程,进程;步骤,流程 vt.加工,处理
in the production process 在生产过程中
⑮economic adj.经济的,经济上的;可赚钱的
economic benefits 经济效益
economic growth/development
经济增长/发展
economy n.经济;节约
⑯policy n.政策,方针;原则
make policies for 为……制定政策
⑰branch n.(政府或机构)部门;分部;树枝;支流;分支
⑱strategy n.策略,行动计划;策划,部署
development strategies 发展策略
⑲environmentally friendly adj.环保的,环境友好的
⑳recycle vt.回收利用,再利用
㉑subway n.地铁;地下人行道
take the subway 乘地铁
㉒the bike-sharing system 共享单车系统
㉓former adj.昔日的,前任的;以前的,从前的
㉔official n.官员,要员 adj.公务的;正式的,官方的
a former UN official 一位联合国前官员
㉕poverty n.贫穷,贫困;贫乏
lift people out of poverty 使人们摆脱贫困
live in poverty 生活在贫困之中
㉖advance economic growth 促进经济增长
㉗one and the same 意为“同一个(人或物)”,表示强调
㉘a human community with a shared future 人类命运共同体
《焦点新闻》:诺盖特市的污染
主持人:晚上好,欢迎收看《焦点新闻》。我们今天的话题是诺盖特市的污染。今晚来到我们演播室的有本地居民詹姆斯·史密斯、本地一家工厂的高管文森特·布朗,还有诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉·阿彻。欢迎你们。
诺盖特市的高速发展付出了高昂的环境代价。史密斯先生,您已经在这座城市生活了二十多年。您能说说这二十年间污染造成的影响吗?
史密斯:非常糟糕,真的。我刚搬来时,这里空气清新、草绿水清。后来重工业工厂迁来了,情况变得截然不同了。我再也不喜欢户外活动了。河水又脏又臭。空气中的雾霾把天空染成了烟灰色,还让我患上了咳嗽, 老是不好。单是出于健康和安全的原因,重工业也必须迁走。
主持人:史密斯先生反对重工业。布朗先生,您想作出回应吗?
布朗:好吧,对于您那样的感受我很抱歉,史密斯先生。一提到工厂,人们总是将其与浓烟滚滚的画面和急于牟取暴利、不负责任的商人形象联系在一起。不过,为工厂说句公道话,我想指出的是我们也在努力控制所产生的污染量。我们对环境问题深感担忧。我想,我是代表所有的工厂负责人说的这句话。我们一直在采取各种各样的措施,包括新科技手段的运用,来减少生产过程中产生的污染,尽管这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。我还希望您能注意到,这些工厂给诺盖特市带来的经济效益。我们为当地居民创造了许多就业岗位,并对这座城市的经济增长起到了助推作用。
主持人:谢谢您,布朗先生。鉴于污染程度不断加重,诺盖特环境保护委员会正在设法应对这个问题。阿彻女士,您对如何处理污染问题有何见解?
阿彻:是的,我们委员会在维护空气质量和水质量方面发挥着重要作用。我们必须在环境保护与经济发展之间求得平衡。我们已经制定了供各行业遵守的环境政策,比如严格的净化要求。我们也与其他政府部门携手,确保以一种环境友好的方式贯彻发展战略。然而,与污染作斗争不仅仅是工厂与政府的任务,全社会必须共同努力,每个人都遵循减少使用、重复使用、循环利用的指导原则,就能尽一份力。打个比方,您可以乘坐公交车、地铁,或者使用共享单车来节约能源。
主持人:谢谢您,阿彻女士,再次感谢我们所有的嘉宾。一位联合国前官员曾经说过:“拯救地球,使人们摆脱贫困,促进经济增长……这些就是同一场战斗。”我们的环境与经济的命运休戚与共。在追求经济发展的同时保护环境,这是我们的责任。将一个更美好、更清洁、更健康的星球留给我们的后人,这是我们的责任。构建人类命运共同体,这是我们的责任。
第一步:析架构,理文本脉络
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
News that Matters: pollution in Norgate
第二步:精读文,达明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What can we learn from Mr Smith’s words?( )
A.He never coughs due to the pollution.
B.He thinks Norgate has always been a polluted city.
C.He thinks it is heavy industry that has polluted Norgate.
D.He thinks Norgate used to be a city where the air wasn’t clean.
2.Which side is Mr Brown in favor of?( )
A.The local residents.
B.The factories.
C.The government.
D.The community.
3.What can we infer from Archer’s opinion?( )
A.Some factories have created jobs for local residents.
B.It is the government’s duty to protect the environment.
C.Everyone should do his best to protect the environment.
D.Their committee has made environmental policies for citizens to follow.
4.What can we infer from the text?( )
A.Economy is the most important.
B.Environment and economy are separable.
C.All the people are not responsible for the environment.
D.We should not develop our economy at the cost of the environment.
5.What’s the main tone of this TV show?( )
A.Critical. B.Objective.
C.Subjective. D.Indifferent.
6.Which of the following is good for the environment?( )
A.Going to work by bus.
B.Driving private cars to work.
C.Buying as many new clothes as possible.
D.Throwing away old things when you don’t use them.
第三步:通词句,学语言表达
1.词汇学习——循规律,记单词
(1)形容词后缀-ous表示“具有……性质的,充满……的”
①variety→various adj.各种不同的,各种各样的
②caution→cautious adj.小心的;谨慎的
③envy→envious adj.羡慕的;忌妒的
④ambition→ambitious adj.有野心的;有雄心的;有志向的
⑤mystery→mysterious adj.神秘的;奇怪的
⑥religion→religious adj.宗教信仰的;宗教的
⑦fame→famous adj.著名的;出名的
(2)形容词后缀-ing表示“令人……的;具有……性质的”。
①live→living adj.活着的,活的;在使用的
②challenge→challenging adj.具有挑战性的
③freeze→freezing adj.严寒的,冰冻的
④touch→touching adj.动人的,感人的
⑤puzzle→puzzling adj.令人困惑不解的
⑥frighten→frightening adj.令人恐惧的
⑦convince→convincing adj.令人信服的
⑧astonish→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的
2.美句欣赏——赏佳句,品用法
(1)环境描写能够渲染气氛、烘托人物形象、渲染人物心理、推动故事情节发展、揭示或深化作品主题。
请从课文中找出有关环境描写的句子。
(2)排比句是把三个或三个以上句法结构相同或相似,意义相关的短语、句子或段落成串地排列在一起的修辞手法。
请从课文中找出一处排比句。
核心词汇集释
1.get rid of 摆脱,丢弃,扔掉(强调动作)
教材原句 The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey; it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of.
空气中的雾霾把天空染成了烟灰色,还让我患上了咳嗽,老是不好。
【用法】
(1)be rid of 摆脱(强调状态)
(2)rid vt.(rid, rid) 从……中除去(不喜欢的东西);清除,免除;使(从……中)解放出来
rid sb/sth of ... 使某人/某物摆脱……
rid oneself of ... 摆脱……;从……中解脱
【佳句】 We got rid of the unnecessary items so as to make room for a study.
我们扔掉了许多不需要的物品以便腾出地方作书房。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①You should rid (you) of bad habits such as smoking and staying up late.
②Dr Yuan devoted himself to ridding the world starvation.
③The farmer got rid the weeds in the field before planting new crops.
【写美】 完成句子
④After a long-term treatment, she .
经过长期治疗,她终于摆脱了疾病。
2.defence n.辩护;防御,保护;防御物;国防;防守
教材原句 In defence of the factories, however, I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.
不过,为工厂说句公道话,我想指出的是我们也在努力控制所产生的污染量。
【用法】
(1)in defence 保卫;防守
in defence of 为了保卫;(为……)辩护
in one’s defence 为某人辩护;站在某人一边
(2)defend vt. 保卫;防守;辩解
defend ...against/from (doing ...)
保护……免受……
defend oneself 自卫;为自己辩护
(3)defensive adj. 防御的;保护的;保卫的
【佳句】 The woman rushed there without hesitation in defence of her children.为了保护她的孩子们,这个妇女毫不犹豫地冲了过去。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①In defence, she had no idea that the situation was so serious.
②You should know how to defend in a dangerous situation.
③The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died defence of their country.
【写美】 完成句子
④The Great Wall was built to
.
修建长城是为了保卫国家免受侵略者的侵害。
3.consequence n.结果,后果;重要性
教材原句 Consequences 后果
【用法】
(1)in consequence=as a consequence (=as a result) 因此;结果
in consequence of=as a consequence of (=as a result of) 由于,作为……的结果
serious consequences 严重的后果
suffer/face/take the consequences
面对/承担后果
(2)consequent adj. 作为结果的;随之发生的
consequently adv. 结果;因此
【佳句】 She missed the last bus. In consequence, she had to walk home.
她错过了末班车。因此,她不得不步行回家。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The heavy snow and the (consequence) traffic jams made many people late for work.
②My car broke down and (consequent) I was late for the important meeting.
③ a consequence of the heavy rain, the football match was postponed.
【写美】 完成句子
④The weather was terrible. , we had to cancel our picnic.
天气非常糟糕。因此,我们不得不取消野餐。
4.give rise to 使发生(或存在);导致
教材原句 For example, in many parts of the world, the poor quality of the local drinking water gives rise to public health problems.
例如,在世界的许多地方,当地饮用水的质量低劣导致了公共卫生问题。
【用法】
(1)give rise to=lead to=bring about=contribute to 导致
(2)give thought to 认真考虑,思考
give advice to 提供建议
give birth to 产生;分娩;引发;造成
give way to 让步;屈服
give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体)
give up 放弃;投降
【佳句】 Eating too much sugar can give rise to health problems.
吃太多的糖会引起健康问题。
【练透】 用give的相关短语填空
①You should your future career before making a decision.
②We should not difficulties.Instead, we should face them bravely.
③The drug is well tolerated and generally does not serious side effects.
【写美】 同义词替换
④The novel’s success contributed to a number of fans and profits.
→The novel’s success a number of fans and profits.
重点句型解构
1.句型公式:完全倒装
教材原句 Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith, a local resident;Vincent Brown, senior manager of a local factory; and Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee.今晚来到我们演播室的有本地居民詹姆斯·史密斯、本地一家工厂的高管文森特·布朗,还有诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉·阿彻。
【用法】
全部谓语置于主语之前,称为完全倒装。本句中作表语的动词-ing形式短语Joining us in the studio tonight置于句首,使用了完全倒装。下列情况要使用完全倒装结构:
(1)表语+连系动词+主语(表语为形容词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、过去分词等)。
(2)表示时间(now, then等)、方向或方位的副词(here, there, up, down, in, out, away, off, inside, outside等),以及表示地点的介词短语置于句首,且主语为名词时,句子要用完全倒装。
(3)“There+be/stand/live/exist/lie/remain/ ...+主语”也属于完全倒装结构。
【品悟】 Standing on the top of the mountain is an ancient building dating back hundreds of years.
山顶上矗立着一座始建于几百年前的古建筑。
【写美】 完成句子/句式升级
① , and she had to say goodbye to her parents.
公交车来了, 她只好和父母说再见了。
②Once upon a time known by the name of Yu Gong.
从前,那里住着一位知名的老人名叫愚公。
③ some local doctors.
出席会议的有一些当地医生。
④Our library lies in the centre of our school.Our library is between the garden and the teaching building.
→In the centre of our school .(完全倒装;非限制性定语从句)
2.句型公式:with复合结构
教材原句 With pollution levels on the rise, the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.
鉴于污染程度不断加重,诺盖特环境保护委员会正在设法应对这个问题。
【用法】
句中With pollution levels on the rise为with复合结构,在句中作伴随状语。with复合结构作状语还可以表示原因、条件等。此外,此结构还可作后置定语。with复合结构的具体构成:
with+
宾语+
【品悟】 The boy rushed into the room, with his face covered with sweat.
那个男孩满脸是汗,冲进屋来。
The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air.
鱼挺直了身子,大尾巴在空中摇摆着,又慢慢地游走了。
The family live in a house with many flowers around it.
那家人住在一所周围有很多花的房子里。
【写美】 完成句子/句式升级
①In summer, she usually sleeps .
在夏天,她通常开着窗户睡觉。
② , he fell asleep quickly.
灯亮着,他很快就睡着了。
③The boy was sitting there .
男孩手里拿着一本书坐在那里。
④ , he is busy repairing it.
机器运转着,他正忙着修理它。
⑤ , we all felt very happy.
问题解决了,我们都感到很高兴。
⑥ , he has to stay up late.
有很多工作要做,他不得不熬夜。
⑦As the exam approaches,the girl was a little nervous.
→ , the girl was a little nervous.(with复合结构)
提示:完成课后作业 UNIT 1 Section Ⅳ
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