UNIT 6 Section Ⅱ Using language(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语现在完成进行时核心语法点，系统梳理其形式（have/has been doing）、意义（从过去延续至现在且可能继续的动作）及用法（持续、刚结束、强调长久/感情、反复发生），并结合词汇（如operator）与分层练习（填空、写作、语篇），构建从理解到应用的学习支架。 该资料以“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观为特色，通过“先感悟—会发现—善归纳”步骤培养语言能力，分层练习提升思维品质与学习能力。实例丰富如用真实语境例句助理解，课中辅助教师高效教学，课后帮助学生巩固查漏。

Section Ⅱ　Using language 现在完成进行时 　　I have been studying① for three hours， and my brain feels tired.My friend has been calling② me repeatedly， but I haven’t answered because I have been focusing③ on my work.Meanwhile， it has been raining④ outside since this morning， which makes the atmosphere even more relaxing. ①、②、③、④均使用了现在完成进行时。 ——运用“形式—意义—使用”相结合的三维动态语法观 一、概念 现在完成进行时表示从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作，该动作在说话时仍在继续进行，而且可能还要继续下去。 二、结构 【先感悟】 ①I have been waiting for you. 我一直在等你。 ②He hasn’t been using the car for the last two months. 过去的两个月，他一直没用那辆车。 【会发现】 现在完成进行时的结构为： 　have/has＋been doing　。 【善归纳】 （1）肯定形式：have/has＋been doing （第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have） （2）否定形式：have/has＋not＋been doing 三、用法 【先感悟】 ①It has been snowing for three hours. 雪已经下了三个小时了。（从过去某一时间开始下雪，强调到现在还在下） ②—Sorry！ I’m late.How long have you been waiting for me？ —We have been waiting for you for half an hour. ——很抱歉！我来迟了。你们等我多长时间了？ ——我们已经等了你半个小时了。 ③She’s been saying that twenty times. 那话她已经说了二十遍了。 ④I have been visiting some cities of China this month. 这个月，我一直在访问中国的一些城市。 【会发现】 （1）句①体现现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到说话时还在进行，或可能还要继续下去，常与 “ 　for　＋时间段” 或 “ 　since　＋时间点（或从句）”的时间状语连用； （2）句②体现现在完成进行时可表示不久前刚刚结束的动作； （3）句③体现现在完成进行时强调动作延续时间的长久或带有感情色彩； （4）句④体现现在完成进行时表示这段时间 　反复发生　的事情。 【善归纳】 （1）现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到说话时还在进行，或可能还要继续下去。通常和“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点（或从句）”的时间状语连用； （2）现在完成进行时表示不久前刚刚结束的动作。这种意义通常根据上下文来判断； （3）现在完成进行时强调动作延续时间的长久或带有感情色彩； （4）现在完成进行时表示这段时间反复发生的事情。 【运用练】　完成句子 ①She 　has been studying English　 for five years and she still needs to keep learning. 她已经学英语五年了，并且还需要继续学下去。 ②The old man 　has been waiting for the bus　 since 8 o’clock but it is still not coming. 这位老人从 8 点就一直在等公交车，但车还没来。 ③He 　has been saying　 that he is going to quit smoking for ages， but he never does. 他一直说他要戒烟都说了好久了，但他从来没做到。 ④The kids 　have been watching the same cartoon　 several times this afternoon. 今天下午孩子们看同一部卡通片好几次了。 Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空 1.I 　have been working　 （work） on this project for three days， and I still have a lot to do. 2.He 　has been writing　 （write） a novel these days.I wonder if he has finished it. 3.The children 　have been playing　 （play） in the garden all afternoon.No wonder they are so tired. 4.We 　have been planting　 （plant） trees in the park every spring for the last five years. 5.I 　met　 （meet） my old friend on the street yesterday and we had a long chat. 6.He 　had worked　 （work） in this company for five years before he changed his job. 7.They 　were discussing　 （discuss） the plan when the teacher entered the classroom. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1.I 　have been learning French　 for three years， and I hope to master it one day. 我已经学法语三年了，我希望有一天能掌握它。 2.I 　have been telling you to be careful　， but you never listen！ 我一直告诉你要小心，可你就是不听！ 3.He 　has been going to the gym　 three times a week recently to build muscle. 最近他每周去健身房三次来锻炼肌肉。 4.They 　have been building this bridge　 for over a year， and it will take another month to complete. 他们建造这座桥已经一年多了，还需要一个月才能完工。 5.She 　has been working in this company　 since 2018， and she plans to stay for a few more years. 她从2018年起就在这家公司工作，并且打算再待几年。 ◇operator n.经营者；操作人员，技工；电话员，接线员 教材原句　You are a hotel operator who wants to build a hotel on some forested land. 你是一个酒店经营者，想在森林密布的地方建一个酒店。 【用法】 （1）operate v.　 运转，工作；操作，控制；（对……）动手术 operate on ...　　给……做手术 （2）operation n.　　手术；运转，运行；操作 put/bring ... into operation 投入使用；开始试行；投入运营 come/go into operation　　开始工作，运转，生效 【佳句】　She showed me around the building in which she once worked as a lift operator. 她带我参观了她曾经在里面做过电梯操作员的那栋大楼。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Having seen the X-ray， the doctor decided to operate 　on　 the patient. ②The task of the 　operator　 （operate） is to carry out routine maintenance of the machine. ③His quality of life has improved dramatically since the 　operation　 （operate）. 【写美】　完成句子 ④As is estimated， more than 20 million shared bikes will have been 　put/brought into operation　 nationwide by the end of 2025. 据估计，到2025年底，超过2，000万辆共享单车将在全国范围内投入使用。 维度一：基础题型练 用所给动词的正确时态填空 1.He 　has been considering　 （consider） buying a new car， yet he 　hasn’t decided　 （not， decide） which brand to choose. 2.The children 　have been sleeping　 （sleep） for two hours， and they look so peaceful. 3.My sister 　has been writing　 （write） a diary every day to record her life experiences， from the small joys of daily life to the big challenges. 4.The team 　have been wrestling　 （wrestle） with the issue of low morale within the group， trying various ways to boost the spirits of the members. 5.The police 　have been investigating　 （investigate） the case for weeks， and they are getting closer to the truth. 6.She 　has been looking　 （look） for a lost necklace since yesterday， but she still can’t find it. 7.The government 　has been extending　 （extend） the subway lines to improve the city’s public transportation network. 8.What exactly 　have been doing　 （do） to prepare for the upcoming exam？ 9.The historical museums in this city， which showcase the long-standing local culture，　have been visited　 （visit） by many students for educational purposes. 10.Scientists 　have made　 （make） a breakthrough in the field of renewable energy research. 维度二：语法与写作 完成句子 1.All these years the company 　has been working hard　 to expand its market share. 这些年来，这家公司一直在努力扩大其市场份额。 2.You look tired.What 　have you been doing　 these days？ 你看起来很累。这些日子你都在做什么？ 3.It is the first time that we 　have been to this amusement park　， so we plan to play all the exciting rides. 这是我们第一次来这个游乐园，所以我们打算玩遍所有刺激的游乐设施。 4.Over the past few years， the number of wild animals in this area 　has been declining　 due to the destruction of their habitats. 在过去的几年里，由于栖息地的破坏，这个地区的野生动物数量一直在减少。 5.Ever since she started her own business， she 　has been focusing on　 improving the quality of her products. 自从她开始自己创业以来，她一直专注于提高她产品的质量。 6.Jack， who 　has been studying painting　 for several years， has won many awards. 杰克多年来一直在学习绘画，他已经获得了许多奖项。 7.She 　has been searching/looking for　 the lost key for an hour， but still can’t find it. 她找那把丢失的钥匙已经找了一个小时了，但还是找不到。 8.Practicing speaking English every day to improve my oral skills is 　what I have been doing　. 每天练习说英语来提高我的口语能力是我一直在做的事情。 维度三：语法与语篇 用所给词的适当形式完成下面短文 　　Last night， I 1.　went　 （go） to see a concert by the Chinese-born Canadian artist Liu Fang.She was born in China and 2.　studied　 （study） music in Shanghai， but she 3.　has been living　 （live） in Canada since 1996.She 4.　has been playing　 （play） traditional Chinese music since she was very young.Last night， she 5.　performed　 （perform） a series of classical Chinese pieces for the pipa and the guzheng.I 6.　bought　 （buy） a CD of her music after the concert and I 7.　have been listening　 （listen） to it all day today！ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　Is modern fruit cultivated （培育） to be sweeter than in the past？ The short answer is yes， though the longer answer is more complicated.Some of the most powerful evidence that fruit is sweeter than before comes from zoos. 　　In 2018， it was reported that Melboume Zoo in Australia had stopped giving fruit to most of its animals because cultivated fruit was now so sweet that it was causing tooth decay （蛀牙） and weight gain.The monkeys at the zoo were provided with a lower-sugar vegetable-based diet instead of bananas. 　　Among fruit cultivators， the word “quality” is now routinely used as an equal for “high in sugar” （though firmness， color and size are also considerations）.In 2010， in an article looking at ways to enhance the sweetness of fruit using “molecuiar （分子的） approaches”， a group of plant scientists of the Republic of Korea wrote that “in general， the sugar content” of many fruits is now higher than before “owing to continuous selection and breeding”.Modern apple varieties， the scientists noted， were on average sweeter than older ones. 　　Cultivation isn’t the only reason that modern fruit is sweeter； there’s also climate change.Research from Japan found that since the 1970s， with rising temperatures， Fuji apples （which were already a sweet variety） have become significantly sweeter and softer.The lead researcher， Toshihoko Sugiura， said that “if you could taste an apple harvested 30 years ago， you would feel the difference”. 　　It is sometimes claimed that the sweetness of modern fruit is not due to higher sugar content so much as the fact that the bitterness and sourness of wild fruit have been steadily cultivated out of it.There’s a grain — but only a grain — of truth in this.Studies of wild apples do indeed suggest that some ancient varieties were just as high in sugar as a modern Pink Lady or Honeycrisp.The difference is that there was much wider variation in sugar content across wild apples， whereas the modern supermarket apple seldom drops below a certain level of sweetness. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现代农业技术使得现代水果比以前更甜。 1.Why did Melbourne Zoo stop giving fruit to most of its animals？（　　） A.The animals preferred a vegetable-based diet. B.Modern fruit did great harm to animals’ teeth. C.The sugar content of modern fruit was lower than before. D.The flavor of modern fruit was not good for the animals. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，墨尔本动物园停止给大多数动物喂食水果，是因为现在培育的水果太甜，导致动物蛀牙和体重增加，对动物牙齿造成了很大伤害。 2.What can we learn from paragraph 3？（　　） A.The sugar content is breeders’ first priority. B.Sweeter fruits are just a result of natural selection. C.The sweetness of modern apples is equal to the average of older ones. D.Molecular approaches are adopted to add the sweetness of modern fruit. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，韩国的植物科学家采用了分子方法来增加现代水果的甜度。 3.What do studies of wild apples in the last paragraph suggest？（　　） A.Apples of old species tasted less sweet. B.The sugar content of wild apples varied greatly. C.The sweetness of modern apples is of the same level. D.Fruit is sweet because bitterness in it has disappeared. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，对野生苹果的研究表明，野生苹果的糖分含量变化很大。 4.What’s the best title for this passage？（　　） A.Modern or Old： Which Is Better？ B.Modern Fruit： Sweetness Is Quality C.Fruit Is Sweeter： It’s Not a Misconception D.Melbourne Zoo： Animals Stop Eating Fruits 解析：C　标题归纳题。文章开篇提出现代水果比过去更甜，接着从动物园停止给动物喂水果、水果培育方式、气候变化等方面阐述水果变甜的原因，还对一些关于水果甜度的观点进行分析，整体围绕现代水果更甜这一事实展开。C项（水果更甜：这不是一个误解）为本文最佳标题。 B 　　While temperatures continue to climb， visitors are still coming to see Death Valley National Park on the California-Nevada border.The park is known as the hottest place on Earth.This past weekend， the temperatures climbed to 53.33℃.Most visitors at this time of year make it only a short distance to any area in the park before returning to the cool air in their vehicles. 　　Early information from the park service shows that across the nation’s 424 national parks， at least four people have died this year from heat-related causes.That includes a 65-year-old man from San Diego who was found dead at Death Valley earlier this month. 　　　Death Valley National Park suggests visitors be careful and not have expectations of rescue.While park rangers （护林员） drive on park roads and can aid tourists in need， it is unsure that lost visitors will get help in time. 　　Physical activity can make the heat feel even worse and leave people exhausted.Alessia Dempster， who was visiting from Edinburgh， Scotland， said， “It’s very hot especially when there’s a gentle wind.You would think maybe that would give you some slight relief from the heat， but it just really does feel like an air blow dryer just going back in your face.” 　　Death Valley is a narrow area that is below sea level and surrounded by high mountains， the park service’s website says.The dry air and small plant coverage let sunlight heat up the park surface.The heat then becomes trapped in the valley. 　　Still， several areas in Death Valley continue to draw tourists.Badwater Basin， made up of salt flats， is considered the lowest point in all of North America.The 183-meter Ubehebe Crater dates back over 2，000 years.And Zabriskie Point is a great sunrise viewing spot. 　　Josh Miller， a visitor from Indianapolis who has been to 20 national parks so far， shared that feeling.“It’s hot， but the scenery is awesome，” he said. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国的“死亡谷”，这里的气温非常高，但还是吸引了很多人前来参观。 5.What do most visitors do in Death Valley？（　　） A.Cool themselves in time. B.Do lots of physical exercises. C.Stay away from park rangers. D.Carry dryers with themselves. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，一年中这个时候大多数游客在公园里走一小段距离后就回到车内凉爽的空气中，即大部分游客都会及时给自己降温。 6.Why does the author mention the 65-year-old man in paragraph 2？（　　） A.To encourage the elderly to travel more. B.To express admiration for mountain climbers. C.To advise people to tour Death Valley more often. D.To show the danger of traveling in Death Valley. 解析：D　推理判断题。第二段列举在死亡谷因高温死亡的 65 岁男子的例子，是为了说明在死亡谷旅行存在危险。 7.What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about Death Valley？（　　） A.Its covering area. B.Its attractive spots. C.The reason why it is so hot. D.The service of its park’s website. 解析：C　段落大意题。根据第五段内容可知，本段主要解释了死亡谷炎热的原因，如地势低于海平面、被高山环绕、空气干燥、植被覆盖少等，使得热量被困在山谷。 8.What can be inferred about Death Valley from the last two paragraphs？（　　） A.It has a short history. B.It is worth visiting. C.It draws fewer and fewer tourists. D.It is unsuitable for viewing sunrise. 解析：B　推理判断题。最后两段提到死亡谷虽然炎热，但有很多吸引人的景点，景色令人惊叹。由此可知，死亡谷值得一游。 Ⅱ.完形填空 　　I became a gardener when I was sixteen.My 　9　 of gardening may not have originated from my love for nature， but to annoy my parents. 　　We had a beautiful maple tree in our big yard.But my mother looked with 　10　 at this work of art.Those golden leaves seemed like tons of rubbish to her， “Something else to 　11　！” 　　At that age， I always did something 　12　 to whatever my parents did！ If gardening were something they found upsetting， I would 　13　 a garden！ I planted roses.Wild with 　14　， I found the flowers bloomed （开花） their heads off.　15　， I was touched by this land of wonder. 　　However， my parents showed no interest in my garden.My father 　16　 me because he found it was 　17　 to move around my garden to the driveway.To my mother’s 　18　，I put in her vase my roses which， in her eyes， were simply weeds.However， I 　19　 to enjoy the pleasure of gardening.Plants make good companions： they breathe， they bloom， they 　20　 to care and love. 　　It has been years since I made my first garden out of my desire to 　21　 my parents.Today I become known as Mrs Green-thumbs， which makes my parents feel 　22　.And now I could say it is my love for 　23　 that makes me a real gardener. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从最初为了与父母唱反调而开始搞园艺，到后来真正爱上园艺并成为知名园丁的故事。 9. A.dream　 B.design C.intention　 D.memory 解析：C　根据but to annoy my parents可知，作者从事园艺工作的意图并非源于对自然的热爱，而是为了惹父母生气。 10. A.appreciation　 B.doubt C.excitement　 D.surprise 解析：B　根据下文Those golden leaves seemed like tons of rubbish to her可知，作者的母亲并不喜欢枫树，带着怀疑的眼光看待这件艺术品。 11. A.care about　 B.clean up C.come in　 D.collect up 解析：B　根据上文Those golden leaves seemed like tons of rubbish to her可知，母亲觉得枫叶是垃圾，所以认为这又是一件需要清理的东西。 12. A.equal　 B.opposite C.similar　 D.superior 解析：B　根据下文If gardening were something they found upsetting， I would 　13　 a garden！可知，作者在那个年纪总是和父母对着干。do something opposite to ...表示 “做与……相反的事情”。 13. A.buy　 B.decorate C.plant　 D.destroy 解析：C　上文提到作者总是和父母对着干，既然父母不喜欢园艺，作者就打算种一个花园。 14. A.anger　 B.anxiety C.fear　 D.joy 解析：D　根据I found the flowers bloomed （开花） their heads off可推测，作者看到花儿都开了，自然非常开心。 15. A.Gradually　 B.Luckily C.Regretfully　 D.Originally 解析：A　作者最初种植花是为了惹怒父母。根据I was touched by this land of wonder可推测，随着时间的推移，作者渐渐被这片土地所打动。 16. A.was curious about　 B.was patient with C.was displeased with　 D.was interested in 解析：C　根据上文However， my parents showed no interest in my garden.可知，父亲对作者不满。 17. A.convenient　 B.dangerous C.enjoyable　 D.troublesome 解析：D　根据move around my garden to the driveway以及父亲的不满可知，作者的父亲认为在花园和车道之间来回走动很麻烦。 18. A.dislike　 B.delight C.relief　 D.sadness 解析：A　根据I put in her vase my roses which， in her eyes， were simply weeds可知，作者的母亲认为玫瑰不过是杂草，所以当看到作者把玫瑰放进花瓶时，作者的母亲也不会开心。to one’s dislike表示 “使某人不高兴”。 19. A.continued　 B.stopped C.decided　 D.struggled 解析：A　尽管父母不感兴趣，但作者继续享受园艺的乐趣。continue to do sth表示“继续做某事”。 20. A.devote　 B.lead C.respond　 D.turn 解析：C　根据上文Plants make good companions可知，植物是很好的伴侣。由此可知，作者认为植物会对关爱和呵护有回应。 21. A.challenge　 B.defeat C.respect　 D.satisfy 解析：A　根据第一段中的to annoy my parents可知，作者最初开始从事园艺来惹恼父母，也就是想要挑战父母的权威。 22. A.strange　 B.proud C.disappointed　 D.comfortable 解析：B　根据Today I become known as Mrs Green-thumbs可推测，作者如今被称为 “绿拇指夫人”（园艺高手），这让父母感到骄傲。 23. A.freedom　 B.life C.growth　 D.nature 解析：D　根据第一段中的My 　9　 of gardening may not have originated from my love for nature可知，作者最初从事园艺不是因为对自然的热爱，而现在可以说正是对自然的热爱让作者成为真正的园艺师。 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $