Unit 4 History and traditions Discovering Useful Structures 过去分词作定语和宾补 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

Book 2. Unit 4 课时三 Grammar 课文语法重现(*例句出自人教新课标版Book 5 Unit 2)： 1　 Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kindom”or the “UK” 2　 They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack,… 3　 They had castles built all around England, … 4　 *It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the 19th century do not attract visitors.* 5　 *It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. 6　 *Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. 7　 *Finally the English government tried in the early twentith century to form the United Kindom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. 8　 *You find most of the population settled in the south. 归纳总结： 1. 句①②④⑤中，划线部分作________, 分别修饰____________________________________ ____________________等_____词，被修饰词与之构成______________关系。 2. 句③⑥⑦⑧中，为动词“have/find/get + 宾语+ 过去分词” 结构，这些句子中，过去分词补充说明宾语的状态，作___________。宾语与之构成_____________ 关系。 语法详解 过去分词作定语和宾补 过去分词作定语和宾补，都属于非谓语动词的部分内容。 非谓语动词的概念：句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式,叫做非谓语动词。 如果想要在使用非谓语动词，必须要保证句中已经有谓语。谓语的常见形式有： 时态 构成 常用时间状语 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 always, usually, often, sometimes, every等 一般过去时 yesterday, the day before yesterday, the other day, last…, …ago等 一般将来时 tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next…, in…day等 现在进行时 now, during these days等 过去进行时 at eight yesterday, at this time yesterday等 将来进行时 at eight tomorrow, at this time tomorrow等 现在完成时 already, just, yet, since, for，up to now,until now, ever since, so far, recently, lately, in the past/last few years等 过去完成时 By +过去的时间, before等 *只要是完整的动词时态语态形式都是谓语，只有完整的动词时态语态形式才是谓语。 动词的非谓语形式包括doing，done， to do三种形式，可以在句中充当主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语。 过去分词作定语 *被动语态和过去分词作定语的区别 The tips are given by a famous author. 该建议由一位著名作者提出。 the tips given by a famous author 某著名作家给出的建议 The news was confirmed last night. 该消息已于昨晚得到确认。 the news confirmed last night 昨晚证实的消息 过去分词作定语，被修饰词与之形成被动关系。 1) 单个过去分词作定语，往往放在被修饰名词之前，叫做前置定语。 a broken heart破碎的心 shared bikes 共享单车 the United Kindom (英)联合王国 a used car, 一辆二手车 spoken English 英语口语 the underlined word带下划线的单词 2) 过去分词短语作定语，常常放在被修饰名词之后，作_______定语。（翻译下列短语） 1　 the house surrounded by green trees_________________ 2　 the news announced minutes ago_________________ 3　 the butter and honey shared by a generous gentleman_________________ 4　 snacks sold along the street_________________ 5　 evidence given by the police_________________ 6　 the custom passed down by our ancesters _________________ 3）有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语，不表示被动，只表示已完成。 fallen leaves 落叶 boiled water 凉开水 4）过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别。过去分词作定语，表示被修饰名词和该动词构成被动关系。现在分词作定语，表示被修饰名词和该动词构成主动关系。（翻译短语） the roaring ocean ________________________ the gallery housing many pictures _______________________________ the updated database ____________________ newly-developed software ________________________ 过去分词作宾语补足语 宾语补足语 宾语补足语是指在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，称为宾语补足语，简称宾补。能够充当宾补的大致有：不定式，现在分词，过去分词，形容词，副词，介宾短语等。一般情况下，宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。 过去分词作宾语：表示宾语与宾语补足语之间常常存在逻辑上的被动关系，即宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。 1） 能接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有三类： 1　 表示感觉或心理状态的动词，如：feel，listen to, hear, watch, look at, see, observe, find, notice 等。 When he went out of the courtyard, he found his car stolen. I often heard the song played on the radio. 2　 表示“致使”或“保持某状态”意义的动词，如：make, get, have, keep, leave等 He raised his voice to make himself heard. I want to find a place to get the batteries charged. 3　 表示“希望、要求、命令”等动词，如：want, wish, like, expect, order I want/wish my parcel delivered to my home. 2） 现在分词作宾补和过去分词作宾补的区别。 现在分词作宾语表示宾语与宾语补足语之间常常存在逻辑上的____________关系，即宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的____________者。 The audience watched the children dancing on the stage. ________________________________________________________ 她母亲整下午都督促她做作业。 __________________________________________________________________ 1) They are surprised to find local residents __________(live) in harmony with each other. 2) He observed the dophins _____________ (communicate) in an interesting way. 3) Please keep me ______________(inform) if there are changes in you plan. 课后练习： 1) He spoke loudly to make himself ________ (hear) in the noisy room. 2) The manager got the report ________ (type) before the meeting. 3) I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ________ (take). 4) (2020·全国II卷) They make great gifts and you see them many times ________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 5) I saw a man ________ (cross) the road when the accident happened. 6) When he woke up, he found himself ________ (lie) in hospital. 7) He fell asleep with the lamp ________ (burn). 8) The thief was brought in with his hands ________ (tie) behind his back. 9) With the guide ________ (lead) the way, we had no trouble finding the village. 10) I want this letter ________ (send) immediately. 11) (2023新课标I卷) No matter where I buy them... I am always left ________ (want) more next time. 12) I found my hometown greatly ________ (change) when I returned last year. 13) The news kept us ________ (excite) for the whole day. 14) The teacher asked us not to leave the water ________ (run) when we left the lab. 15) After the problem was solved, he felt a burden_____(take) off his mind. 16) With all the things his son needed_____(buy), the man rushed him to the school. 17) Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ______ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.  18) Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).  19) They talk to the flood of international tourists and to _________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.  20) Shanghai may be the _________(recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao's birthplace. 答 案 课文语法重现(*例句出自人教新课标版Book 5 Unit 2)： 1. 定语，name, flag, cities, port, building, castle 名 被动 2. 宾补，被动 谓语动词常见形式 时态 构成 常用时间状语 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 is/am/are do/does is/am/are done always, usually, often, sometimes, every等 一般过去时 did/was/were was/were done yesterday, the day before yesterday, the other day, last…, …ago等 一般将来时 will do will be done tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next…, in…day等 is/am/are going to do is/am/are going to be done 现在进行时 is/am/are doing is/am/are being done now, during these days等 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done at eight yesterday, at this time yesterday等 将来进行时 will be doing will be being done at eight tomorrow, at this time tomorrow等 现在完成时 has/have done has/have been done already, just, yet, since, for，up to now,until now, ever since, so far, recently, lately, in the past/last few years等 过去完成时 had done had been done By +过去的时间, before等 过去分词作定语 2）被青山围绕的村庄 几分钟前宣布的消息 一位慷慨的绅士分享的蜂蜜和黄油 沿街售卖的小吃 警方提供的证据 我们祖先传下来的风俗 4）咆哮的海洋 陈列着许多画作的美术馆 更新的数据库 新开发的软件 过去分词作宾补 2）主谓 执行 观众们欣赏着孩子们在舞台上翩翩起舞。 Her mother kept her doing homework all the afternoon. living communicating informed 课后练习 heard typed taken decorated crossing lying burning tied leading sent wanting changed excited running taken bought inspired designed visiting recognized 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $