UNIT 1 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas(学用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册（外研版）

本讲义围绕“善意的谎言”主题，构建从Pre-reading问题导入（说谎后果及例子），到While-reading架构分析、细节理解、难句解析，再到Post-reading思维拓展与语法填空的完整学习支架，系统培养学生阅读理解与语言运用能力。 资料通过“析难句表达升级”提升语言能力，“拓思维品质提升”问题（如谎言与善意谎言的区别）培养批判性思维，结合词块默写、语法填空等练习强化学习能力。课中助力教师引导学生深度探究，课后帮助学生巩固知识、查漏补缺，体现学科特色教学方法。

Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas Pre-reading What will happen if someone tells a lie？ Can you show any examples？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 While-reading 第一步：析架构理清脉络 第二步：知细节明察秋毫 1.What is the function of the first paragraph？（　　） A.To introduce the topic of the whole passage. B.To deepen the understanding of white lies. C.To remind the readers of the damage of white lies. D.To analyse why people like telling white lies. 2.What can we learn from paragraph 2？（　　） A.Being honest means you are valuable. B.We tell lies so as to protect others. C.Honest men say they never tell lies. D.White lies have a kind original intention. 3.Why do we have to tell a white lie sometimes？（　　） A.Because white lies make ourselves feel better. B.Because white lies are always encouraging. C.Because white lies can protect others from bad emotions. D.Because all the white lies are kind and understandable. 4.Which example is a white lie used to give encouragement？（　　） A.Your haircut looks good. B.You sing a wonderful song. C.The meal you cooked is delicious. D.My day is fine.Don’t worry. 5.What can we learn from the last paragraph？（　　） A.All the white lies are good for our lives. B.All the white lies are bad for our lives. C.Sometimes a white lie has a result we can’t know in advance. D.If we tell a white lie， we will lose our best friends. 6.What is the author’s attitude towards “telling white lies”？（　　） A.Approving.　　　 B.Disapproving. C.Cautious. D.Neutral. 第三步：析难句表达升级 1.We all know that honesty is an important value and that lying is wrong， but who can honestly say that they’ve never told a lie？ 句式分析： 本句为but连接的并列复合句。第一个分句是复合句，that honesty is an important value and that lying is wrong是由连词and连接的并列的　　　　从句。第二个分句也是复合句，that they’ve never told a lie为that引导的　　　　从句。 自主翻译：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2.However， when we lie and say that someone’s haircut looks good， or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate， are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else？ 句式分析：本句为主从复合句。when we lie and say that someone’s haircut looks good和when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate均为when引导的　　　　　从句；that someone’s haircut looks good和that we love a meal都是that引导的　　　从句；that we secretly hate为that引导的　　　　从句，修饰先行词　　　　。 自主翻译：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 3.Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit. 句式分析：本句为复合句。you said was “delicious”为　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　从句；every time you visit为every time引导的　　　　　从句。 自主翻译：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Post-reading 第一步：拓思维品质提升 1.What do you think is the difference between a lie and a white lie？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2.Should we tell white lies？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 第二步：课文语法填空 　　We all know that honesty is an important value and that lying is wrong，1.　　　　　　 sometimes we tell white lies to protect others from the truth.There are three main reasons for 2.　　　　　　 （tell） white lies.First，white lies can make others feel 3.　　　　　 （good）.When we lie and say someone’s haircut looks good， we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the 4.　　　　　　 （disappoint） and anger of others.Another reason is 5.　　　　　　 （give） encouragement.For example，when you 6.　　　　　　 （ask） what you think of his singing by your friend，you of course will say it is wonderful， despite secretly thinking that your cat can sing better.In fact， perhaps your friend needs some frank 7.　　　　　　 （comment）.Finally， we may also tell a white lie when we want to protect others from bad news.If you 8.　　　　 （have） a bad day， you might hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine” so that your parents wouldn’t worry about you.9.　　　　　　， wouldn’t it be better to respect their concern for you and ask for their advice？One day we may find even white lies have results we cannot know 10.　　　　　　 advance. Little White Lies 　　[1]Written more than two hundred years ago， these lines by Walter Scott① remain② one of the most well-known excerpts③ of Scottish poetry④： 　　Oh， [2]what a tangled⑤ web⑥ we weave⑦， 　　When first we practise to deceive⑧！ ①Walter Scott 沃尔特·司各特（英国著名的历史小说家和诗人） ②remain v.保持，仍是　③excerpt n.摘录，节选 ④Scottish poetry 苏格兰诗歌 ⑤tangled adj.纠结的；复杂的 ⑥web n.蜘蛛网；错综复杂的事物 ⑦weave v.编，织　⑧deceive v.欺骗 　　[1]过去分词短语作状语，write与句子主语these lines是逻辑上的动宾关系。 　　[2]what引导感叹句，其结构为：What＋a/an＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语！ 　　[3]We all know that honesty⑨ is an important value⑩ and that lying is wrong， but who can honestly say that they’ve never told a lie⑪？ [4]Perhaps we comfort⑫ ourselves with the knowledge⑬ that most of the lies we tell are “white lies⑭”： little lies that we tell to protect⑮others from the truth. 　　[3]本句为but连接的并列复合句。在but前面的句子中，know 后面是that 引导的两个宾语从句，其中第二个that 不能省略；在but后面的句子中，say 后面是that 引导的宾语从句。 　　[4]本句是复合句。knowledge 后面是that 引导的同位语从句；we tell是定语从句； little lies后是that 引导的定语从句；to protect others from the truth为动词不定式短语作目的状语。 　　[5]We’ve all surely had the experience⑯ of someone cooking a meal for us that we don’t like. [6]The majority of⑰us of course don’t tell the truth⑱ — we lie and say that the food is “delicious”. 　　[5]本句是复合句。that we don’t like为that 引导的定语从句，修饰前面的先行词meal。 　　[6]and 连接前后并列的两个谓语动词lie和say，say 后面是that 引导的宾语从句。 　　[7]Or if a friend asks us what we think of their new haircut⑲， we say “It’s great！”， even if⑳we think it’s awful㉑. But to what extent㉒ can we justify㉓ telling white lies like these？ 　　[7]本句是复合句。asks us后面是what引导的宾语从句；even if 引导让步状语从句。 　　One of the main reasons㉔ for telling a white lie is to try to make others feel better.[8]However， when we lie and say that someone’s haircut looks good， or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate， are we really hoping to improve the situation㉕ for someone else？ Perhaps we are in fact㉖ lying to protect ourselves from the disappointment㉗ and anger㉘ of others. 　　[8]本句是复合句。or 连接两个when 引导的时间状语从句，主句是一般疑问句，使用了现在进行时，However后面必须要加逗号。 　　Another reason for telling a white lie is to give encouragement㉙.Say for example that your friend asks you what you think of his singing.[9]You of course say that it’s wonderful， despite㉚ secretly thinking that your cat can sing better. [10]Stop for a moment㉛ and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank㉜ comments㉝ from you so that they can improve. Or perhaps， they need to know that they should look for a different hobby. 　　[9]本句中despite 为介词，其后引导表示让步意义的短语结构，意义相当于although your cat can sing better。 　　[10]本句是复合句。主句为祈使句；consider后面的that引导宾语从句；so that 引导目的状语从句，从句中常用情态动词。 　　Finally， we may also tell a white lie when we want to protect others from bad news.If you’ve had a bad day， do you tell your parents about it， or do you hide your tears㉞ and lie that your day was “fine”？ If the latter㉟， don’t you think your parents would want to listen to you and understand your feelings？ Wouldn’t it be better to respect their concern for you and ask for their advice㊱？ 　　[11]Going back to Walter Scott’s lines， we may find even white lies have results we cannot know in advance㊲.[12]Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served㊳ every time you visit. Would your friend trust your opinion again if he found out you had lied about his “wonderful” singing？ How would you expect others to truly understand your emotions㊴ if you only shared good news instead of bad？ Moreover㊵， how would you feel if you discovered that the people closest to you had been hiding the truth from you？ 　　[11]Going back to Walter Scott’s lines为动词-ing短语作状语，go与句子的主语we是逻辑上的主谓关系。 　　[12]you said was “delicious”为省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词meal； every time 引导时间状语从句，意为“每次……”。 ⑨honesty n.诚实 ⑩value n.价值 ⑪ tell a lie 说谎 ⑫ comfort vt.安慰 ⑬ knowledge n.知识；知晓，了解 ⑭ white lies 善意的谎言 ⑮ protect v.保护 　protect ...from ...　保护……免遭…… ⑯ experience n.经历 ⑰ the majority of 大多数 ⑱ tell the truth 说实话 ⑲ haircut n.发型 ⑳ even if＝even though 即使 ㉑awful adj.糟糕的 ㉒to ...extent 在……程度上 ㉓justify v.证明（别人认为不合理的事）有道理；为……辩护 ㉔one of the main reasons 主要原因之一 ㉕ situation n.情况，形势 ㉖ in fact＝as a matter of fact 事实上 ㉗ disappointment n.失望 　disappoint vt.使失望 　disappointed adj.失望的 　disappointing adj.令人失望的 ㉘anger n.生气 　angry adj.生气的 ㉙ encouragement n.鼓励 　encourage vt.鼓励 ㉚ despite＝in spite of 尽管 ㉛ for a moment 一会儿 ㉜ frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的 ㉝comment n.评论 ㉞tear n.眼泪，泪水 ㉟latter n.后者 ㊱ask for one’s advice 征求某人的意见 ㊲in advance 提前 ㊳serve v.提供，接待，服务 ㊴emotion n.情感 ㊵moreover adv.此外，而且 善意的小小谎言 　　200多年前，沃尔特·司各特写下的这几行文字，如今依然是苏格兰诗歌中最广为传诵的诗句之一： 　　啊，谎言一旦开始， 　　我们须得织就一张错综复杂的网！ 　　我们都知道诚实是一项重要品质，也知道说谎是不对的。但是谁又能诚实地说自己从来没有说过谎呢？或许我们可以安慰自己，我们说过的大部分谎言都是“善意的谎言”，即为了保护他人不被真相伤害而撒的小谎。 　　我们一定都有过这样的经历：别人为我们准备的菜肴不合我们的口味。大多数人会理所当然地把真实想法隐藏起来——我们会撒谎说这道菜“很好吃”。 　　或者有朋友问我们他的新发型怎么样，即使我们觉得剪得非常糟糕，也会说“棒极了！”但是这些善意的谎言到底有多正当呢？ 　　说善意的谎言，主要原因之一是为了照顾别人的感受。但是，当我们撒谎说某人的发型很好看，或者说不合我们口味的菜很好吃时，我们真的是在为别人着想吗？也许事实上，我们撒谎只是为了不让别人失望和生气，以免殃及自身。 　　说善意的谎言的另一个原因是给予鼓励。比如说，你的朋友问你觉得他的歌唱得怎么样。尽管你私下里认为他唱得还不如猫叫好听，但还是说他的歌声很美妙。停下来想一想，也许你的朋友就是想听到你的真实评价，从而改进和提高。又或者，应该让他们知道自己需要换一个爱好了。 最后，想要向别人隐瞒坏消息的时候，我们可能也会说善意的谎言。假如你今天过得很糟糕，你是对你的父母说实话呢，还是偷偷擦掉眼泪骗他们说今天过得“不错”？如果你选择隐瞒，难道你不觉得其实父母希望听你倾诉从而理解你的真实感受吗？尊重他们对你的关心，向他们寻求建议不是更好吗？ 　　回到沃尔特·司各特的诗句，我们会发现，即使是善意的谎言，也会带来无法预知的后果。也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。你的朋友发现你对歌声“很美妙”的评价是个谎言后，还会继续信任你的看法吗？如果你只分享好消息而隐瞒坏消息，你还能期望他人真正理解你的情绪吗？而且，当你发现身边最亲近的人在对你隐瞒真相时，你又会有怎样的感受呢？ Ⅰ.词块默写 1.　　　　　　　　　　 在……方面做得好 2.　　　　　　　 说谎 3.　　　　　　　 善意的谎言 4.　　　　　　　 大多数 5.　　　　　　　 说实话 6.　　　　　　　 ……的主要原因之一 7.　　　　　　　 一会儿 8.　　　　　　　 征求某人的意见；寻求某人的建议 9.　　　　　　　 回到（原来的话题等） 10.　　　　　　　 对某人隐瞒真相 Ⅱ.课文原句默写 1.One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try to 　　　　　　　　　　　. （人们）说善意的谎言，主要原因之一是为了照顾别人的感受。 2.Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.Or perhaps， they need to know that they should look for a different hobby. 停下来想一想，也许你的朋友就是想听到你的真实评价，从而改进和提高。又或者，应该让他们知道自己需要换一个爱好了。 3.Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served 　　　　　　　　　　　. 也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。 核心词汇集释 1.frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的 教材原句　Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve. 停下来想一想，也许你的朋友就是想听到你的真实评价，从而改进和提高。 【用法】 （1）to be frank　　　　　 坦白说；坦率地说 to be frank with sb 对某人坦白 （2）frankly adv. 坦诚地，坦白说 frankly speaking 坦白说；坦率地说 （3）to be honest＝honestly speaking老实说 to tell the truth 说实话 【佳句】　To be frank， I am not satisfied with my performance in this exam. （告知信） 坦白说，我对自己这次考试的表现不满意。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①He was completely frank 　　　　　　her about what happened. ②　　　　　　 （frank）， my father and I are extremely similar in personality. 【写美】　一句多译 ③老实说，他也想和他们交朋友。 →　　　　　　　　， he wanted to make friends with them too. →　　　　　　　　， he wanted to make friends with them too. 2.tear n.眼泪，泪水 vt.（tore， torn）撕碎，扯破；扯掉 教材原句　If you’ve had a bad day， do you tell your parents about it， or do you hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine”？ 假如你今天过得很糟糕，你是对你的父母说实话呢，还是偷偷擦掉眼泪骗他们说今天过得“不错”？ 【用法】 （1）burst into tears＝burst out crying 　　　　　　　　　　 突然大哭起来 hold back the tears 忍住眼泪 move sb to tears 使某人感动得流泪 in tears 哭着；流泪 （2）tear up＝tear ...into pieces　 撕毁；撕碎 tear down 拆除；拆掉 【佳句】　Her sincere apology moved him to tears， and he forgave her immediately. （情感描写） 她真诚的道歉使他感动得流泪，他立刻就原谅了她。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①After hearing the sad news， the old lady was 　　　　　　tears and couldn’t stop sobbing. ②They decided to tear 　　　　　　the old building to make space for a new park. ③She 　　　　　　（tear） up the letter angrily and threw it into the dustbin. 【写美】　完成句子 ④他最后一句话太扎心了。她突然哭了起来，跑出了房间。 His last word went like a bullet to her heart.She 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， running out of the room. 3.apart adv.分离，分开adj.分开的，分离的 教材原句　As soon as they started to get closer， they hurt each other with their quills， so they had to move apart. 它们一开始靠近就互相用棘刺伤了对方，所以它们不得不分开。 【用法】 apart from　　 除……之外；除了……外（还有） take ...apart 将……拆卸开/拆分 tell ...apart 分辨出，辨别 tear ...apart 使某人不快；撕毁某物 fall apart 崩溃；土崩瓦解 set sb apart 使某人与众不同 【佳句】　Linda likes being in red to set herself apart from the other girls. （人物描写） 琳达喜欢穿红色衣服，以使自己与其他女孩区别开来。 【点津】　apart from表示“除……之外”时，相当于except， except for；表示“除了……外（还有）”时，相当于besides， in addition to。 【练透】　选用左栏短语填空 ①When the clock stopped， he 　　　　　　it 　　　　　　， found what was wrong， and put the whole thing together again. ②The twins were so alike that the teacher could not 　　　　　　them 　　　　　　. ③His constant criticism started to 　　　　　her 　　　　　　， making her feel worthless. 【写美】　完成句子 ④除了以上原因，这也是我做一些志愿工作的好机会。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， it is also a good opportunity for me to do some voluntary work.（申请信） 重点句型解构 1.句型公式：so that引导目的状语从句 教材原句　①Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve.Or perhaps， they need to know that they should look for a different hobby.停下来想一想，也许你的朋友就是想听到你的真实评价，从而改进和提高。又或者，应该让他们知道自己需要换一个爱好了。 ②（译林必修二）They have worked for months and even years so that you can have two hours of enjoyment！ 他们工作了数月甚至是数年，如此你们才能有两个小时的愉悦时光！ 【用法】 （1）so that引导目的状语从句时，从句常和情态动词may/might， can/could， should， would等连用。 （2）so that还可以引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”，主从句之间可用逗号隔开。 【佳句】　You can ask the teacher to speak slowly so that you can make sense of what he says. （建议信） 你可以让老师讲慢一点，这样你就能理解他说的话了。 【点津】　in order that也可以引导目的状语从句，相当于so that，如果更正式，可以用“in order to＋动词原形”替换。 【写美】　微写作 ①她花了很多时间准备演讲，所以她在演讲比赛中获得了第一名。 She spent a lot of time preparing for the speech， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. ②（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷） 我指着我的手机，并请他把他的电话号码给我，以便当我回到这里的时候可以联系他。 I pointed at my phone and asked him to give his phone number to me 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 2.句型公式：every time引导时间状语从句 教材原句　Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit. 也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。 【用法】 句中every time you visit为名词词组every time引导的时间状语从句，every time相当于whenever，表示“每次……”。 名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的还有： （1）由time构成的名词词组：each time， the first/last time， next time， any time等； （2）the＋瞬间名词： the minute/instant/moment等； （3）the＋时间名词：the day/week/year/spring/summer/autumn/winter等。 【佳句】　I think of the happy time we spent together every time I see these photos. 每次看到这些照片，我都会想起我们一起度过的美好时光。 【写美】　微写作/句型转换 ①下次你来时，一定要带上你的小女儿。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　， be sure to take your little daughter with you. ②他第一次来到这个城市，就决定在这里定居了。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， he decided to settle here. ③你不能每次头痛都叫医生。 You can’t keep calling the doctor 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. ④She burst into tears as soon as she heard of the accident. →She burst into tears 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　she heard of the accident. Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.You’re 　　　　　　（欺骗） yourself if you think he’ll change his mind. 2.Surrounded by people’s misunderstanding， he was at a loss what to say to 　　　　　（证明有道理） himself. 3.Villagers say the 　　　　　　　　　　（围栏） would restrict public access to the hills. 4.A talented artist，he was，m　　　　　　　，a writer of children’s books. Ⅱ.完成句子 1.　　　　　　　　 （坦白说）， I don’t think this plan will work because it’s too complicated. 2.I decide to listen to and read more texts 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（这样我就可以快速提高我的听力）. 3.Although annoyed at what I did， my parents chose to forgive me 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（每次我犯错误的时候）. 提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 1　Section Ⅲ 11 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas 【文本透析·剖语篇】 Pre-reading If someone tells a lie， people may stop trusting them.For example， if a student lies about doing the homework， the teacher might not believe him/ her next time. While-reading 第一步 1.feel better　2.ourselves　3.encouragement　4.frank　5.different 6.bad news 第二步 1－6　ADCBCC 第三步 1.宾语　宾语 我们都知道诚实是一项重要品质，也知道说谎是不对的。但是谁又能诚实地说自己从来没有说过谎呢？ 2.时间状语　宾语　定语　meal 但是，当我们撒谎说某人的发型很好看，或者说不合我们口味的菜很好吃时，我们真的是在为别人着想吗？ 3.省略了关系代词that/which的定语　时间状语 也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。 Post-reading 第一步 1.A lie refers to a statement that deviates or perverts others from the truth.A white lie refers to an unimportant lie， especially one told to be thoughtful or polite. 2.It depends on what we will tell.If it brings some bad results， I think we’d better tell the truth. 第二步 1.but　2.telling　3.better　4.disappointment　5.to give 6.are asked　7.comments　8.have had　9.However　10.in 【随堂检测·要过关】 Ⅰ.1.do well in ...　2.tell a lie　3.white lies　4.the majority of 　5.tell the truth　6.one of the main reasons for ... 7.for a moment　8.ask for one’s advice　9.go back to 10.hide the truth from sb Ⅱ.1.make others feel better 2.so that they can improve 3.every time you visit 【核心知识·巧突破】 核心词汇集释 1.①with　②Frankly　③To be honest；Honestly speaking 2.①in　②down　③tore　④burst into tears/burst out crying 3.①took；apart　②tell；apart　③tear；apart　④Apart from/Besides/In addition to the reasons above 重点句型解构 1.①so that she won the first prize in the speech contest ②so that/in order that I could contact him when I came back here 2.①Next time you come ②The first time he came to the city ③every time you get a headache ④the moment/minute/instant 【随堂检测·要过关】 Ⅰ.1.deceiving　2.justify　3.fence　4.moreover Ⅱ.1.To be frank 2.so that I can improve my listening quickly 3.every time I made a mistake 11 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $