UNIT 1 Section Ⅳ Writing an essay(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册（外研版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语议论文写作核心知识点，通过“品教材范文（寓言故事引入论点）—析写作手法（语言技巧如连词while、让步状语从句Though，结构‘总—分—总’）—背出彩佳句”的脉络，结合蚂蚁与鸽子寓言读后感写作任务，辅以情感、动作描写词汇及完形填空、语法填空、读后续写练习，构建输入到输出的完整学习支架。 该资料特色在于融合语言能力、思维品质与学习能力培养。通过分析范文过渡词（如At first, Soon）和从句提升语言表达逻辑，借助“总—分—总”结构训练结构化思维，分步骤写作指导（审题谋篇、句间衔接）帮助掌握策略。课中助力教师系统教学，课后学生可通过佳句、词汇及练习巩固，有效弥补写作短板。

Section Ⅳ　Writing an essay Step 1｜品教材范文 　　The Porcupine Dilemma is written by German philosopher Schopenhauer.The fable describes a group of porcupines gathering together to keep warm.If they get too close， their quills hurt each other， while if they move apart they feel cold.After trying several times， they find the ideal distance.The fable teaches us that there should be boundaries in interpersonal relationships. 　　Though it is an old fable， it casts a light on us even today.We all value friendship， but have you considered that we need boundaries with our friends？ 　　One example from real life is like this.Once I thought friends should get close to each other， the closer the better.Ma Jing is the first friend I made at senior high.At first， I thought since we were friends， she had to share the same ideas as mine.So I always followed her， wanted to know her opinion on everything and tried to persuade her when she had a different idea.Soon， we started quarrelling.“You’re so annoying！” she shouted angrily after a quarrel.How could I become annoying？I felt hurt and discussed it with another friend.Then I realised it was my problem.I had been getting too close to her and leaving her no room for herself.Since then， I stopped following her so much and I found our friendship repaired.Now I have realised that friends need to have boundaries and respect each other， no matter how close we are. 　　In conclusion， in order to make our friendship last long， we have to find the proper distance between us and our friends， close enough to understand each other， far enough to respect each other. Step 2｜析写作手法 学语言 　　第一段中使用连词while（然而）引出“如果分开，它们会感觉很冷”，与上文形成对比，使表达更加形象。使用宾语从句总结这则寓言的寓意，表达非常简洁、明了。 　　第二段首句使用从属连词Though引导的让步状语从句，引出自己的观点，使下文的举例更加自然。 　　第三段中使用At first， Soon， Then， Since then， Now等过渡性词语，使故事的叙述更有逻辑。让步状语从句no matter how ...的使用，强调了不管我们多么亲密，朋友之间都应该有界限，应该互相尊重。 　　文章末段用介词短语In conclusion对本文进行总结，使文章结构紧凑合理。 学结构 　　本文使用了“总—分—总”结构，开头部分简要介绍寓言的内容，然后引出自己的论点；主体部分结合自身的经历或身边的事例对上面提出的论点展开论述；结尾部分根据主体部分列举的事例得出相应的结论，重申论点，呼应文章开头。 Step 3｜背出彩佳句 一、精彩开头 1.This fable describes a story between a wolf and a goat. 这则寓言讲述了一匹狼和一只山羊的故事。 2.The story about Mr Ye and the dragon goes like this. 叶公与龙之间的故事是这样的。 3.We all know the story about the farmer and the snake. 我们都知道农夫与蛇的故事。 二、丰满主体 1.We have surely all had the experience of being cheated by people around us. 我们肯定都有过被我们身边的人欺骗的经历。 2.One of the main reasons for doing so is that we trust others so easily. 这样做的其中一个主要原因就是我们太容易相信别人。 3.No one can prove to us to what extent we can believe it. 没人可以给我们证明我们可以在多大程度上相信它。 三、余味结尾 1.In conclusion， I’d like to point out that we should never show mercy to people who are as evil as the snake. 总之，我想指出我们决不要可怜像蛇一样恶毒的人。 2.After reading it， I find every second in life is very precious. 读完后，我发现生命中的每一秒都是非常宝贵的。 3.We should spare no effort to study and overcome the difficulties before us. 我们应该不遗余力地学习，并克服我们面前的困难。 　　根据下面的寓言故事，结合生活实例，写一篇词数80个左右的读后感。 　　一只蚂蚁到河边饮水，却不幸掉入河中。一只鸽子看见后，扔下一截树枝，将它救起。过了不久，蚂蚁看见一个猎人正在拿枪瞄准鸽子，就狠狠地朝他脚上咬了一口，没让他打中。鸽子非常感激蚂蚁，从此它们成了好朋友。 一、审题谋篇，结构分明 二、要点陈述，语言规范 1.这则寓言描述了一只蚂蚁和一只鸽子之间的故事。（between ...and ...） 　The fable describes a story between an ant and a dove.　 2.它们两个互相帮助，成了好朋友。（by doing） 　The two became good friends by helping each other.　 3.这个寓言教会了我们一些东西。 　The fable teaches us something.　 4.一些朋友被认为不重要。 　Some friends are considered unimportant.　 5.他们能帮我们一把。（help out） 　They can help us out.　 6.我们陷入困境。 　We’re in trouble.　 7.所以在我们的现实生活中，我们不能看不起别人，而是平等对待他们。（look down on） 　So in our real lives， we mustn’t look down on others but treat them equally.　 8.他们需要帮助。 　They need/are in need of help.　 9.我们应该尽我们所能帮助他们。（定语从句） 　We should do all that we can to help them.　 10.作为回报，他们将不遗余力地帮助我们。（in return， spare no effort） 　In return， they will spare no effort to help us.　 11.总之，只有当我们对朋友采取这样的态度，我们才能交到更多的朋友。（倒装） 　In conclusion， only when we adopt such an attitude towards our friends can we make more friends.　 三、句间衔接，过渡自然 12.用that引导的宾语从句、who引导的定语从句和when引导的时间状语从句合并句3、4、5和6。 　The fable teaches us that some friends who are considered unimportant can help us out when we’re in trouble.　 13.用when引导的时间状语从句合并句8和9。 　When they are in need of help， we should do all that we can to help them.　 四、检查誊写，卷面整洁 　　　The fable describes a story between an ant and a dove.The two became good friends by helping each other.　 　　　The fable teaches us that some friends who are considered unimportant can help us out when we’re in trouble.So in our real life， we mustn’t look down on others but treat them equally.When they are in need of help， we should do all that we can to help them.In return， they will spare no effort to help us.　 　　　In conclusion， only when we adopt such an attitude towards our friends can we make more friends.　 词汇 情感描写 agony n.痛楚，苦难 concern n.忧虑，担心 annoyed adj.恼怒的，烦恼的 embarrassment n.尴尬，难为情 tear n.眼泪，泪水 词汇 动作描写 help out 帮一把 take a breath 吸一口气 ensure v.确保，保证 forgive v.原谅，宽恕 criticise v.批评，指责 deceive v.欺骗 justify v.证明（别人认为不合理的事）有道理；为……辩护 sink v.使（船）沉没；（心情）变得沉重；（情绪）变得低落 let down 使失望，辜负 let off steam 发泄怒火，宣泄情绪 人物描写 frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的 independent adj.独立的 佳句 ①Embarrassed and ashamed， I can’t concentrate on anything. （情感描写） 我既尴尬又羞愧，做什么事都无法集中精力。 ②Take a deep breath， calm down， and always remember： think first， speak later. （动作描写） 深呼吸，冷静下来，并时刻记住：先思而后言。 ③Sarah felt guilty after deceiving her friend.She wanted to ask for forgiveness but was afraid of being criticised.Finally， she took a deep breath and said， “I’m sorry for lying to you.” （动作描写） Sarah 欺骗了她的朋友后感到内疚。她想请求原谅，但又害怕被批评。最后，她深吸一口气，说道：“对不起，我对你撒谎了。” ④I was just letting off steam really， because I was so angry， but then my friend went and told everyone else what I’d said. （动作描写） 我其实只是想发泄一下怒气，因为我太生气了，可我的朋友随后却把我的话告诉了所有人。 情境导语：Tom匆匆走出商店，手里紧紧攥着一本书，心里既高兴又忐忑。他担心会让妈妈失望，但犹豫片刻后，他下定决心返回商店，准备弥补自己的错误…… 第一步：完成句子雏形现 1.Tom快速走出商店，既开心又担心。 　Tom walked out of the store quickly，happy and concerned.　 2.他担心会让妈妈失望，担心妈妈会生气。 　He was concerned that he would let his mother down and that his mother would be annoyed.　 3.思虑再三，他决定把书归还商店。 　Thinking twice， he resolved to return the book to the store.　 4.他深吸一口气，走进商店，尴尬地拿出书：“请原谅我没有付钱就拿走了这本书。” 　He took a deep breath， walked into the store and took out the book in embarrassment， “Please forgive me for taking the book without paying the money.”　 5.令他震惊的是，店主没有批评他，而是承诺把书送给他，条件是他在店里打两天工。 　To his shock，the owner didn’t criticise him but promised to give the book to him on condition that he would work in his store for two days.　 6.回到家，Tom把一切告诉了妈妈。妈妈抱住Tom，流下了愉快的眼泪。 　Arriving home，Tom told everything to his mother. His mother put her arms around Tom，tears of joy rolling down.　 第二步：过渡衔接连成篇 　　　Tom walked out of the store quickly， happy and concerned.He was concerned that he would let his mother down and that his mother would be annoyed.Thinking twice， he resolved to return the book to the store.He took a deep breath， walked into the store and took out the book in embarrassment， “Please forgive me for taking the book without paying the money.” To his shock， the owner didn’t criticise him but promised to give the book to him on condition that he would work in his store for two days.Arriving home，Tom told everything to his mother.His mother put her arms around Tom， tears of joy rolling down.　 Ⅰ.完形填空 　　（2025·江西南昌高一下期中） The Unlikely Friendship 　　In the heart of the city stood an old library， a place where time seemed to slow down.One day， Lily noticed a man 　　1　 quietly in a corner of the library， surrounded by stacks of books.His name was Mr Thompson， a retired professor who had a passion for literature and history.Lily found herself drawn to the same 　　2　 every time she visited the library.Mr Thompson， noticing her 　　3　， began to share deeds and adventures of ancient heroes from the books he was reading.　　4　 their age difference， they discovered a friendship began to flourish.Mr Thompson taught Lily about the significance of 　　5　 and how it could open doors to new experiences. 　　During Lily’s 　　6　 from the library， Mr Thompson wrote her letters， which became a source of 　　7　 for Lily during stressful times.　　8　 by the gesture， Lily realised that their friendship had grown 　　9　 the walls of the library. 　　As years passed， Lily grew older and 　　10　 to pursue her dreams.But she never forgot the lessons she learned from her unlikely friend.Whenever she felt 　　11　 or uncertain， she would remember Mr Thompson’s words of wisdom and find the strength to 　　12　.And whenever she 　　13　 her hometown， she would make sure to stop by the library， hoping to find Mr Thompson sitting quietly in his corner， ready to share another story. 　　Their friendship had 　　14　 a lifelong lesson： the most meaningful friendship can come from the most 　　15　 place. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Lily和退休教授Mr Thompson的深厚友谊。 1.A.working　 B.thinking C.sitting　 D.typing 解析：C　根据下文第13空后的hoping to find Mr Thompson sitting quietly in his corner， ready to share another story 可知，这个男人是坐在图书馆的角落里。 2.A.corner　 B.book C.scene　 D.atmosphere 解析：A　根据上文quietly in a corner of the library可知，Lily每次去图书馆都会被同一个角落吸引，因为那个男人总是坐在那个角落。 3.A.generosity　 B.curiosity C.anxiety　 D.personality 解析：B　根据下文可知，Mr Thompson注意到了Lily的好奇心，所以才会开始和她分享书中古代英雄的事迹和冒险经历。 4.A.In spite of　 B.In view of C.Thanks to　 D.Speaking of 解析：A　根据下文可知，前后表示转折，此处表示尽管年龄有差距。 5.A.competition　 B.fitness C.recognition　 D.exploration 解析：D　根据下文可知，Mr Thompson教Lily探索的重要性，因为探索可以开启新的体验之门。 6.A.absence　 B.lack C.distance　 D.presence 解析：A　根据下文Mr Thompson wrote her letters可知，在Lily不在图书馆期间，Mr Thompson给她写信。 7.A.challenge　 B.confusion C.comfort　 D.conflict 解析：C　根据上下文可知，这些信在Lily压力大的时候成为了她的一种安慰来源。 8.A.Touched　 B.Observed C.Requested　 D.Featured 解析：A　根据上文Mr Thompson wrote her letters可知，Lily被这个举动所感动。 9.A.against　 B.without C.throughout　 D.beyond 解析：D　根据上下文可知，Lily意识到他们的友谊已经超越了图书馆的墙壁。 10.A.turned up　 B.moved away C.fell apart　 D.come across 解析：B　根据下文及第13空后的her hometown， she would make sure to stop by the library可知，Lily为了追求自己的梦想搬走了。 11.A.addicted　 B.lost C.ashamed　 D.unique 解析：B　根据下文可知，此处指每当她感到迷茫或不确定的时候，她都会想起Mr Thompson的智慧话语并找到前进的力量。 12.A.make up　 B.focus on C.move forward　 D.look back 解析：C　参见上题解析。 13.A.left　 B.missed C.visited　 D.memorized 解析：C　根据下文可知，每当她回到家乡的时候，她总会确保去图书馆看看。 14.A.rejected　 B.ignored C.commented　 D.taught 解析：D　根据下文可知，此处指他们的友谊给她上了一堂终生难忘的课。 15.A.suitable　 B.unexpected C.packed　 D.informal 解析：B　根据上文可知，Lily和Mr Thompson的友谊始于图书馆的一个角落，由此可知，此处指最有意义的友谊可能来自最意想不到的地方。 Ⅱ.语法填空 　　（2025·山西太原高一下期中） Friendship is one of the most important things in everyone’s life.It is very difficult 16.　　 （find） a better definition （定义） of friendship.A true friend is the person 17.　　 can share all our sadness and all our happiness.In time of trial， he or she is always at our side to give us his or her help and comfort. 　　Knowing how valuable friendship is， we should be very 18.　　 （care） with our choice of a friend.We should choose those people with a good character as our friends， and we must try to avoid 19.　　 （make） friends with a bad man.Besides， we should forgive 20.　　 （they） mistakes and try to help them as much as possible. 　　A true friend can always 21.　　 （trust）， loved and respected.If you tell a friend your secrets， he or she will not tell others.Friends share their joys and unhappiness.They help each other when they are 22.　　 trouble， and cheer each other up when they are sad.The 23.　　 （important） thing is that a friend always 24.　　 （understand） you.In conclusion， when you have made 25.　　 good friend， don’t forget him or her. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了友谊的含义，如何选择朋友，以及好朋友应具备的条件。 16.to find　考查非谓语动词。根据上文It is very difficult可推知，此处为固定句型“It is＋形容词＋to do sth”，表示“做某事是……的”，其中It作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。空处应用find的动词不定式形式。 17.who/that　考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词person。先行词指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that作引导词。 18.careful　考查形容词。空处作表语，care的形容词形式为careful，短语be careful with表示“对……小心，对……谨慎”。 19.making　考查非谓语动词。动词短语avoid doing sth 意为“避免做某事”。空处应用make的动词-ing形式，作avoid的宾语。 20.their　考查代词。空处修饰名词mistakes，应用形容词性物主代词their。 21.be trusted　考查语态。空处和can构成谓语，trust和主语A true friend之间是被动关系，需用被动语态。 22.in　考查介词。空处和trouble搭配，作表语，介词短语in trouble意为“处于困境中，有困难”。 23.most important　考查形容词最高级。结合本段主要是介绍好朋友应具备的条件可知，此处应是指“最重要的”条件，空处应用important的最高级形式。 24.understands　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处作that引导的表语从句的谓语，结合always可知，此处在描述通常性的行为，时态应用一般现在时，主语a friend是单数，understand应用第三人称单数形式。 25.a　考查冠词。空处表示泛指，意为“一个好朋友”，应用不定冠词，且good的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。 Ⅲ.读后续写 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 　　（2025·陕西榆林高一下期中） Mr and Mrs Morrison had been married for 25 years.They raised two children， Emily and Lucas， in a house that was always filled with laughter and love. 　　Emily， now a young woman studying art in college， often returned home on weekends.Lucas， the younger brother， was in his final year of high school， and his future was like an unwritten story. 　　One cool autumn evening， as the smell of Mrs Morrison’s famous apple pie filled the kitchen， there was an awkward （尴尬的） silence between Lucas and his parents.Mrs Morrison noticed it first， the way Lucas avoided eye contact when he spoke.Mr Morrison also sensed the unease （不安） but chose to let it go， hoping Lucas would open up in his own time. 　　Later that night， after dinner had been served and the dishes cleared away， Lucas sat by the table with his parents. 　　“Mom， Dad，” Lucas began， “there’s something I need to talk to you about.” 　　The couple looked at each other， concerned and curious.“Of course， honey，” Mrs Morrison said gently.“You know you can talk to us about anything.” 　　Lucas had been playing the guitar and writing songs for years.“I’ve been thinking a lot about my future lately，” he said， raising his voice.“I’ve decided to take a gap （间隔） year ...I want to practice music skills.” 　　There was a long silence before the conversation continued.Mr Morrison， who was lost in deep thought， looked at his son.Mrs Morrison’s eyes widened， with a look of surprise crossing her face. 　　“Music？！” Mr Morrison finally spoke， his voice still filled with concern.“Lucas， you’ve never mentioned this before.What about your plans for college？” 　　Lucas looked up， knowing this was the moment he had feared， yet he knew it would come.“Music has been my favourite for years，” he said.“I expect to see where music could take me.” 注意：（1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式作答。 　　Lucas’ words were followed by a total silence. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　Relaxation washed over Lucas as he realised his parents were willing to listen.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 参考范文： 　　Lucas’ words were followed by a total silence.His parents exchanged a look， with their faces mixed with surprise and contemplation.Mrs Morrison was the first to break the silence， her voice soft but firm.“Lucas， we had no idea you felt this strongly about music.We always thought you’d go to college， like Emily.But if this is what you really want， we’ll support you.We just want you to be happy and pursue your dreams.” Mr Morrison nodded in agreement， his earlier concern replaced by a sense of understanding and pride. 　　Relaxation washed over Lucas as he realised his parents were willing to listen.He let out a breath he hadn’t known he was holding.“Thank you， Mom and Dad.I’ve been so worried about telling you.I know it’s not the traditional path， but music is my passion.I promise I’ll work hard and make you proud.” With that， the tension in the room seemed to dissipate， replaced by a warm sense of unity and excitement for Lucas’s future.The Morrisons sat together， their bond strengthened by the shared understanding that love and support could transcend even the unexpected turns of life. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $