专题07 阅读理解之说明文15篇（福建专用）（中考真题+中考模拟）-2026年福建中考英语总复习(语法+题型)

专题07 阅读理解之说明文15篇 （福建专用） 内容导航 内容速递 中考真题练习 中考模拟练习 内容速递 本资料共15篇专项训练 中考真题练习 聚焦真题 明确考点 各地市联考真题练习 专注模拟 争夺高分 中考真题练习 As we often use eyes to touch nature, most of us “lose” the ability to listen to the world. Peter writes music. He likes sounds and uses natural sounds as part of his music. He often went out to the wild with his microphone and recorded interesting sounds to put in movies or to use in his own songs. Instead of trying to capture just the sound of one animal or bird, he recorded the sound of everything all together—the animals, the trees, the wind and the earth. He called these recordings “soundscapes”—the sound of a certain place. Every soundscape Peter recorded had a lot of information. Back in his workshop, Peter used a computer to make a picture of all the sounds going on in a place. Each animal, bird and insect had its own place on the picture—its own notes in the music. The busier the picture, the richer the life in that place. “While a picture may be worth 1,000 words, a soundscape is worth 1,000 pictures,” Peter said. “Our ears tell us the sound of every leaf and animal and speak to the natural sources (来源) of our lives, which may hold the secrets of love for all things, especially our own humanity.” But not everything is satisfying. When Peter began recording over forty years ago, he could record for ten hours and get one hour of usable material good enough for a movie. Now, because of human activities, it can take up to 1,000 hours or more to get the same thing. Some of the places he has recorded over the years have slowly fallen silent. His sound pictures show that although nature might look the same to humans, it has lost part of its orchestra (管弦乐队). So next time you are in the forests, try another way to look—shut your eyes, and listen. 1．Why did Peter record natural sounds? A．To write songs for a music group. B．To discover rich lives in the forest. C．To use some of them in his music. D．To make music about birds singing. 2．What does the underlined word “capture” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Shut. B．Catch. C．Touch. D．Check. 3．What is a sound picture in the text? A．The sound of every leaf and animal in nature. B．The sound recorded in the natural environment. C．A picture of music with sounds of 1,000 animals. D．A picture of music with natural sounds in a place. 4．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．Recording sounds needs less material. B．Sound pictures are the same as before. C．Some beautiful sounds in nature are lost. D．Human activities improve recording results. 5．What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A．Nature is the source of our future. B．Nature has wonders to be heard. C．Making music enriches our lives. D．Making music needs information. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了Peter通过录制自然声音来创作音乐，并强调了自然声音的丰富性和重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据“He often went out to the wild with his microphone and recorded interesting sounds to put in movies or to use in his own songs.”可知，Peter录制自然声音是为了在他的音乐中使用这些声音。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Instead of trying to capture just the sound of one animal or bird, he recorded the sound of everything all together—the animals, the trees, the wind and the earth”可知他没有试图只捕捉一种动物或鸟类的声音，而是把所有东西的声音都记录下来，故此处划线部分意为“捕捉”，和catch意义相近。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Peter used a computer to make a picture of all the sounds going on in a place. Each animal, bird and insect had its own place on the picture—its own notes in the music”可知“sound picture”是指用计算机制作的包含某个地方所有声音的图片，即包含自然声音的音乐图片。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“Now, because of human activities, it can take up to 1,000 hours or more to get the same thing. Some of the places he has recorded over the years have slowly fallen silent.”可知由于人类活动的影响，一些自然声音已经逐渐消失。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了Peter通过录制自然声音来创作音乐，并强调了自然声音的丰富性和重要性，所以文章主要告诉我们大自然有奇妙的声音。故选B。 联考真题练习 The Rise of Physical AI At the 2026 CES (国际消费电子展) , a human-like robot uses touch sensors to make ice cream. This scene shows the rise of Physical AI—an important new trend in artificial intelligence (AI). Unlike traditional AI, which deals with digital information, Physical AI lets machines understand and interact (互动) with the real world. It helps them learn ideas like gravity and how one thing causes another. We can use it in many ways: warehouse (仓库) robots moving through messy places, self-driving cars dealing with sudden weather changes, and home robots holding fragile things. This connects digital intelligence with real-world actions. Technology leaders are pushing this change forward. NVIDIA makes AI models for self-driving cars, while Qualcomm produces processors for advanced robots. Chinese companies are also important in this field. They have much experience in smart home devices and human-like robots. These technology solutions help machines learn faster in computer simulations (模拟) and work more on their own in real life. Physical AI is changing many fields. In healthcare, robot doctors can do careful operations. In manufacturing (制造业) , smart robots make assembly lines (流水线) work better. Our daily life is also changing with self-driving taxis and smart home helpers. They help people get rid of boring and daily housework. There are still some problems. Good training data costs a lot, and skills learned in simulations do not always work in real life. People also worry about its influence on jobs. However, experts like NVIDIA’s CEO Jensen Huang think robots will create new jobs and help solve the global shortage of workers. As Physical AI develops, it is changing how we live and work. It turns science fiction into real life and will surely change our world. 1．We can learn from the passage that traditional AI_________. A．can help machines make ice cream at the CES B．mainly works with information in the digital world C．is better than Physical AI in dealing with real-life problems D．is widely used in warehouse robots and self-driving cars 2．What can we infer about Chinese companies in the field of Physical AI? A．They focus on making AI models for self-driving cars only. B．They have rich experience in producing advanced processors. C．They play an important role thanks to their experience in smart devices. D．They are the leaders that push the development of Physical AI forward. 3．What does Jensen Huang probably think about Physical AI’s influence on jobs? A．It will take away more jobs than it creates in the future. B．It will not cause any problems for the world’s job market. C．It can help solve the problem of not having enough workers. D．It will make most people lose their jobs in healthcare and manufacturing. 4．Which of the following sentences is right? A．Physical AI will turn more science fiction ideas into real-life products. B．Skills learned by machines in simulations always work well in real life. C．Physical AI has no problems and will develop smoothly in the future. D．Physical AI has taken the place of traditional AI in daily life. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To introduce the 2026 CES and the human-like robots there. B．To explain the differences between traditional AI and Physical AI. C．To discuss the problems of Physical AI and how to solve them. D．To introduce Physical AI, its development, uses and future. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了实体AI (Physical AI) 的定义、发展现状、应用领域、现存问题及未来前景。 1．根据第二段中提到“Unlike traditional AI, which deals with digital information”可知，传统人工智能主要处理数字信息，与选项B“主要在数字世界处理信息”意义一致。 2．根据第三段中提到“Chinese companies are also important in this field. They have much experience in smart home devices and human-like robots”可推断，中国公司凭借智能设备领域的经验在该领域发挥重要作用。 3．根据第五段中提到“experts like NVIDIA’s CEO Jensen Huang think robots will create new jobs and help solve the global shortage of workers”可知，他认为机器人会创造新工作，帮助解决全球劳动力短缺问题。 4．根据最后一段中提到“As Physical AI develops...It turns science fiction into real life...”可知，实体AI将科幻变为现实。 5．通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了实体AI的定义、发展、应用及前景。 On April 19, 2025, Beijing Yizhuang District held the world’s first humanoid robot half-marathon. Twenty-one teams of robots from cities including Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou joined human runners in a 21.1-kilometer race, aiming to show how robots can do real-world tasks like long-distance running. The winner, Tiangong Ultra from the Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center, finished in 2 hours 40 minutes with a top speed of 12 km/h. This 1.8-meter-tall robot used lightweight materials and a cooling system to avoid getting too hot. Other teams, such as Whirlwind Kid and Little Giant (a 75-centimeter-tall robot), had special shock-absorbing (减震) shoes and AI-powered balance control on the roads which were not smooth. The race tested the robots’ limits. The road had 14 sharp turns. It also included different surfaces like grass and stones. Teams could change batteries at seven stations when they ran out of electricity. If teams replaced the whole robot, they would lose 10 minutes. Some robots wore special shoes to protect joints (关节), while others used real-time sensors to avoid falls. Beyond the competition, ▲ . For example, Tsinghua University’s Kuafu robot learned to move smoothly with a little training. This could help in situations such as an earthquake. Organizers said it was a big step forward. They hoped robots would help doctors in hospitals or move goods in factories. Beijing Yizhuang area, home to over 100 robot companies, plans to deploy these technologies widely in healthcare and logistics (物流). As one engineer said, “This marathon shows how robots and humans can work together for a smarter future.” 1．What was the purpose of the world’s first humanoid robot half-marathon? A．To introduce how the competition works. B．To show robots’ ability to deal with real-world tasks. C．To compare robots’ speed with human runners’. D．To attract more tourists to Beijing Yizhuang District. 2．What helped Tiangong Ultra win the race? A．Lightweight materials and cooling systems. B．Special shoes to protect joints and real-time sensors. C．Shock-absorbing shoes and AI-powered balance control. D．The ability to move smoothly with a little training. 3．Which of the following can be put in ▲ ? A．some people are strongly against the robots B．robots brought lots of fun C．the event helped improve real-world robots D．some problems with the robots have come out 4．In which of the following statements can we use the underlined word “deploy”? A．They got married and ________ home together in Beijing. B．The boy was so clever that he ________ the answer to the question. C．Good notes ________ less stress when the test comes around. D．The teacher ________ games to teach Chinese, and it worked well. 5．In which section of a newspaper can we most probably read this passage? A．Entertainment. B．Health & Sports. C．Science & Technology. D．Business & Logistics. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了北京亦庄举办的全球首届人形机器人半程马拉松赛事，讲述了比赛情况、参赛机器人特点及技术突破，并说明该赛事推动了机器人技术在现实场景的应用。 1．第一段指出：“…aiming to show how robots can do real-world tasks like long-distance running.”，表明赛事目的是展示机器人完成现实任务的能力。 2．第二段指出：“This 1.8-meter-tall robot used lightweight materials and a cooling system to avoid getting too hot.”，说明天宫超跑获胜得益于轻质材料和冷却系统。 3．第四段指出：“Beyond the competition...”，后文举例说明清华夸父机器人通过少量训练实现平稳移动，有助于地震救援等，并指出组织者认为这是重要一步，希望机器人能帮助医生或在工厂搬运货物。上下文强调比赛之外，活动推动了现实世界机器人的改进，因此C选项“the event helped improve real-world robots”符合文意。 4．第五段中“deploy these technologies”意为“部署/应用这些技术”。选项中D句“The teacher ________ games to teach Chinese, and it worked well.”表示“老师运用游戏教中文”，deploy在此语境下表示“采用、运用”，符合原意。 5．全文围绕人形机器人马拉松、机器人技术与应用展开，属于科技类内容。 Love you, laoji is a catchphrase now. Literally, “laoji” means “the old self”. Although calling ourselves this way is a bit funny, it makes us feel warm at heart. It is like talking to a good old friend—relaxed and caring. To ring in the New Year, here are some tips for you to love laoji more in the coming year. Don’t Chase Perfection. Waiting to be perfect often means never starting. Many people put things off because they’re afraid of making mistakes. But doing something imperfect is better than doing nothing at all. Start small. Learn as you go. The first step matters most. Take Real Rest. Real rest isn’t sleeping all day or staying up late on your phone. That only makes you more tired. Try active rest—gentle activities that help your body and mind recover. Feel the sunshine, go for a walk, stretch a little, or listen to music you like. Choose one or two small things each day to recharge (充电). Talk to Yourself Kindly. Pay attention to how you talk to yourself. When things go wrong, don’t be too hard on laoji. Try saying, “It’s okay,” or “I’ll try again next time.” Treat yourself the way you would treat a good friend. Comments: ·Alissa: Me reading this at 1 a.m. while still scrolling... okay fine, I’ll go to bed. Love you, laoji. ·Bryan: Talking to yourself in the third person really helps. In psychology (心理学), it’s called self-distancing. It means stepping back a little and not getting stuck in your feelings. It’s useful, especially during stressful times. ·Lora: Didn’t expect a phrase like this to hit so hard. Gonna try being nicer to laoji this year. 1．The underlined phrase “put things off” in Paragraph 3 probably means to “________”. A．prepare things carefully B．leave things until later C．give things away D．forget things completely 2．According to the passage, which of the following is active rest? A．Working at a desk for long hours. B．Sleeping all day. C．Staying up late scrolling on the phone. D．Taking a walk outdoors. 3．What does Bryan mainly want to tell us? A．It’s OK to avoid stressful situations. B．The third-person talk helps manage feelings. C．Psychology terms are not hard to understand. D．Everyone should learn a little psychology. 4．Which of the following actions are recommended (推荐) for students like you? ①Xiaoming wants to start a project but worries it won’t be perfect, so he begins with a small step anyway. ②Anna gives up on difficult homework because it makes her feel stressed. ③Tom fails a test and tells himself, “It’s okay. I’ll try again next time.” ④Jerry studies psychology terms to control his feelings. A．①② B．③④ C．②④ D．①③ 5．What is the writer’s attitude towards the phrase “Love you, laoji”? A．Doubtful. B．Negative. C．Humorous. D．Supportive. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了流行语“爱你老己”的含义，并给出了在新的一年里更好地关爱自己的三条建议：不追求完美、真正休息、友善地对自己说话，以及读者对此的积极反馈。 1．第三段指出：“Many people put things off because they’re afraid of making mistakes.”。根据因果逻辑，害怕犯错会导致人们拖延或推迟做事，因此“put things off”意为“推迟、拖延”，与“leave things until later”同义。 2．第四段明确描述了积极休息的方式：“Try active rest—gentle activities that help your body and mind recover. Feel the sunshine, go for a walk...”，因此，户外散步属于积极休息。 3．Bryan的评论中指出：“Talking to yourself in the third person really helps. In psychology, it’s called self-distancing... It’s useful, especially during stressful times.”，这表明他主要想说明这种说话方式有助于管理情绪。 4．①对应第三段建议：“Start small. Learn as you go.”（从小开始，边做边学），小明即使担心不完美仍从小步开始，符合推荐。③对应第五段建议：“Try saying, ‘It’s okay,’ or ‘I’ll try again next time.’”（试着说“没关系”或“下次再试”），汤姆考试失败后这样鼓励自己，符合推荐。②中安娜放弃作业，与文章鼓励面对挫折的态度相反；④中学心理学术语并非文章明确推荐，Bryan仅提及概念而非建议学习。因此①③正确。 5．第一段提到：“Although calling ourselves this way is a bit funny, it makes us feel warm at heart. It is like talking to a good old friend...”，随后给出具体建议去爱自己，可见作者对该短语持支持态度。 Culture isn’t just for humans. From using tools to socializing, culture is also an important part of life in the wild. Sam Williams, executive director of the Macaw Recovery Network in Costa Rica, helps to increase the number of macaws (金刚鹦鹉) by taking birds that were born in captivity and sending them back into the wild. “In a cage, you can’t train them to know where, when and how to find that food, or about trees with good nest sites,” Williams told ecologist (生态学者) and writer Carl Safina for The Guardian. In the wild, the bird’s parents are normally the ones that teach them this important information. This type of knowledge is known as cultural knowledge. Cultural knowledge can be passed down from the older generation to the newer one. For many species, cultural knowledge is necessary for survival. Culture helps animals get used to different living environments. For example, some crows have learned to put nuts in the middle of the road for cars to drive over. And in other areas, they have learned to do this at crossroads so they can safely get the food when the cars stop at red lights. Other important parts of cultural knowledge include things like group identity (认同), using different tools, taking different migration routes (迁徙路线) and using different socializing methods. These traditions can especially be seen in chimpanzees (黑猩猩) communities. Cat Hobaiter, who studies chimpanzees in Uganda, said, “It’s not just the loss of populations of chimps that worries me. I find terrifying the possibility of losing each population’s unique culture. That’s lasting.” 1．What does the underlined phrase “in captivity” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Caged. B．Endangered. C．Smart. D．Strange. 2．Why do macaws learn cultural knowledge? A．Because it is good information for fun. B．Because it is important information about food. C．Because it helps them get along with humans. D．Because it helps them live in the wild. 3．How do some crows use cultural knowledge to eat nuts? A．They work in groups to find nuts. B．They steal nuts from other animals. C．They plant their own nuts in the wild. D．They make use of passing cars to break nuts. 4．What can we learn from Cat Hobaiter’s words? A．It is important to save the cultural practices of animals. B．The number of chimpanzees in Uganda is not a big issue. C．Animal culture and human culture have a lot in common. D．Chimpanzees have better traditions than other animals. 5．What is the main idea of the text? A．The importance of cultural knowledge for wild animals. B．The role of scientists in saving wild animals. C．The study of chimpanzees in Uganda. D．The influence of human activities on animals. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍野生动物的文化知识及其生存意义。 1．根据文章第2段中的“Sam Williams...helps to increase the number of macaws (金刚鹦鹉) by taking birds that were born in captivity and sending them back into the wild.”和第3段开头“In a cage, you can’t train them to know where, when and how to find that food, or about trees with good nest sites,”可知，“In a cage”对应“in captivity”的语境，指鸟类被关在笼子里、人工饲养的状态，因此“caged”是最贴切的释义。 2．根据文章第3段的“In the wild, the bird’s parents are normally the ones that teach them this important information.”和第4段的“For many species, cultural knowledge is necessary for survival.”可知，野外环境中父母会传授觅食、筑巢等关键信息，这些文化知识是金刚鹦鹉在野外生存的必要条件，也就是这有助于它们在野外生活。 3．根据第5段中的“For example, some crows have learned to put nuts in the middle of the road for cars to drive over.”可知，乌鸦会利用过往车辆压碎坚果。 4．根据第7段中Cat Hobaiter提到的“It’s not just the loss of populations of chimps that worries me. I find terrifying the possibility of losing each population’s unique culture. That’s lasting.”可知，他对失去黑猩猩独特文化的担忧，体现了保护动物文化习俗的重要性。 5．全文围绕“野生动物的文化知识”展开，从定义、生存作用、具体案例到保护意义，核心都在强调文化知识对野外动物生存的重要性。 What keeps volcanoes (火山) from erupting (喷发)? A new study found that an underground “lid (盖子)” does this job at the supervolcano beneath Yellowstone National Park in the western US. “The Yellowstone supervolcano is one of the few that can have supereruptions”, said the US Geological Survey. The ash (灰烬) from these eruptions can go 30 to 50 kilometers into the sky, three to five times as high as most planes fly. Volcanoes erupt when hot, melted (融化的) rock, called magma (岩浆), reaches Earth’s surface. The melting takes place inside Earth due to plate movement. Since magma is lighter than solid (固态的) rock, it rises. As this happens, gas bubbles (气泡) form inside it. If the magma is thin, it flows out easily as lava (熔岩). But if it’s thick, the gas bubbles get stuck, causing pressure to build up and even explode. The “lid” at Yellowstone is made of magma that is 3.5 to 4 km below the northeastern part of the Yellowstone caldera (火山口). This magma cap has tiny holes that let out some of the gas from time to time, keeping the pressure under control. Scientists made the finding by sending safe seismic waves (地震波) across the national park and picking them up with 650 sensors (传感器). With so many sensors, scientists got a much clearer image of what’s going on underground. “Even though a big Yellowstone eruption is unlikely for thousands of years, the study helps understand its future. Also, the finding is important for everything from geothermal energy (地热能) to keeping CO2,” said Brandon Schmandt, a lead scientist. 1．What is a supervolcano? A．A volcano that never erupts. B．A volcano that sends ashes into the sky. C．A volcano with huge eruptions. D．A volcano found in big mountains. 2．When can volcanoes explode? A．When plate movements happen suddenly. B．When gas bubbles get stuck in thick magma. C．When magma builds up to a certain point. D．When solid rocks turn into magma or lava. 3．What is actually the “lid” at the Yellowstone supervolcano? A．A big gas bubble. B．A huge solid rock. C．A thin layer of lava. D．A thick layer of magma. 4．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．How scientists found the magma cap. B．How scientists predict volcano eruptions. C．How scientists cool down large volcanoes. D．How scientists study the formation of volcanoes. 5．According to Brandon Schmandt, what is the importance of the finding? A．Understanding Earth’s plate movement. B．Helping the national park stay safe in the future. C．Helping people make use of the geothermal energy. D．Studying the influence of volcanic activity on the environment. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了黄石超级火山的地质结构与科学发现。 1．根据文章第2段第1句“The Yellowstone supervolcano is one of the few that can have supereruptions”可知，超级火山能发生超级喷发，即规模巨大的喷发。 2．根据文章第3段最后1句“But if it’s thick, the gas bubbles get stuck, causing pressure to build up and even explode.”可知，当岩浆粘稠时，气泡被困，压力累积会导致爆炸。 3．根据文章第4段第1句“ The “lid” at Yellowstone is made of magma that is 3.5 to 4 km below the northeastern part of the Yellowstone caldera (火山口).”可知，“盖子”是由岩浆构成的层。 4．根据文章第5段“Scientists made the finding by sending safe seismic waves…picking them up with 650 sensors…got a much clearer image of what’s going on underground.”可知，该段主要描述科学家通过地震波和传感器发现岩浆盖的过程。 5．根据文章第6段中的“Also, the finding is important for everything from geothermal energy (地热能) to keeping CO 2,”可知，该发现对地热能利用等方面有重要意义。    ①Did you know that architecture (建筑) can shape who we become? Architecture has a big influence on us. It can affect our character, mood, and health. ②Connecting nature with buildings is good for our mind and body. A study from Heidelberg University in Germany found that people who grow up in the countryside are less likely to have mental illnesses than those raised in cities. Vancouver, Canada, is a city surrounded by mountains and the ocean. Its buildings are carefully planned so tall ones never block people’s view of the natural scenery. ③Architecture without soul (灵魂) can also change our moods, according to The Guardian. For example, in a study in Lower Manhattan, New York, people felt worse as they walked past a supermarket with boring glass walls. They even walked faster, as if they wanted to leave quickly. But when they reached lively restaurants and shops, their moods got much better. ④To make architecture more interesting, designers should consider the height of ceilings. Studies showed that rooms with lower ceilings can make you more focused, while rooms with higher ceilings can make you more creative. Designers should also avoid too many flat and straight designs, because such designs don’t allow light and shadow to create interesting patterns (图案/纹理). They also don’t fit well with nature, making buildings seem boring. To add life to architecture, designers should choose colors carefully to create different moods, according to Forbes. Bright colors like yellow and orange can make people feel energetic and happy, while calm colors like blue and green can help people feel relaxed. ⑤In short, architecture matters a lot. We should have buildings that connect with nature, have good designs and use nice colors to make us feel good. 1．Which is TRUE about people growing up in the countryside? A．They have a lower risk of mental illnesses. B．They are more likely to have better creativity. C．They are more focused on their work. D．They walk faster in front of supermarkets. 2．Tom is an artist. He wants to have more new ideas. What kind of room can probably help him? A．A dark-colored room. B．A room with higher ceilings. C．A room with lively grass. D．A room with lower ceilings. 3．What does the underlined word “They” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．buildings B．light and shadow C．interesting patterns D．flat and straight designs 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Bright colors may make people feel energetic. B．Lower ceilings can help people create new ideas. C．Supermarkets with glass walls are popular with shoppers. D．Places with more natural views may be healthier for people. 5．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A．①/②/③④⑤ B．①/②③④⑤ C．①/②③④/⑤ D．①/②③/④⑤ 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了建筑环境如何影响人们的身体和情绪。 1．第二段德国海德堡大学研究表明：“A study by Heidelberg University in Germany found that people who grow up in the countryside are less likely to have mental illnesses than those raised in cities.”，在农村长大的人患精神疾病的风险更低，对应选项A。 2．根据第四段“rooms with higher ceilings can make you more creative”可知，天花板较高的房间能让人们更有创造力，由此可知，如果Tom想有更多的新想法，那么天花板较高的房间对他有所帮助。 3．第四段前文提到：“Designers should also avoid too many flat and straight designs, because such designs don’t allow light and shadow to create interesting patterns (图案/纹理).”，设计师要避免太多平直设计，因为平直设计无法让光影产生有趣纹理，由此可知，They指的是flat and straight designs“平直的设计”。 4．第二段提到连接自然对身心有益：“Connecting nature with buildings is good for our mind and body…”，乡村（更多自然景观）的人精神疾病风险更低，由此可以推断出“更多自然景观的地方对人更健康”。A是原文直接给出的内容，不是推断； B错误，低天花板帮助人专注，高天花板才帮助产生新想法； C错误，原文说无趣玻璃墙的超市会让人心情变差，没有提到受消费者欢迎。 5．第①段开门见山提出总论点“建筑会影响我们”；第②③④段分别从连接自然的好处、建筑风格对情绪的影响、好建筑的设计要点三个方面分点论述；第⑤段总结全文，重申建筑的重要性。结构为“总—分—总”，即①/②③④/⑤。 Cultural experts say Shanxi is home to the largest number of ancient buildings in China. Xuankong Temple (悬空寺) at Hengshan Mountain is no doubt one of the most wonderful examples. Made of wood, tiles and stones during the mid-Northern Wei Dynasty, the temple is made up of two three-story pavilions (楼阁) and a yard connected by stairs and steps. The stairs and steps are lined along the surface of a cliff (悬崖) rising 50 meters above a stream at the foot of the mountain. Seen from below, Xuankong Temple, which literally means “temple hanging in the sky”, appears very dangerous. It is supported only by a few thin stanchions (支柱) standing on rocks that stick out. For that reason, it was chosen by Time Magazine as one of the 10 most dangerous buildings in the world in 2010. Sun Shupeng, an engineer, however, disagreed with the idea that Xuankong Temple is, in fact, a dangerous building. “The temple has been standing firmly (稳固地) on the Hengshan cliff for more than 1,500 years and is still kept intact,” he said. “A study of the temple is an exploration of an ancient Chinese engineering miracle (奇迹).” Sun said the stanchions were only added recently as a psychological comfort to visitors. About twenty thick square beams (梁) support most of the building’s weight. A number of large, deep holes were dug into the cliff’s surface, and two-thirds of the length of the beams together with wedges were driven into each one. Besides its strong building, local people have found that the section of cliff above the temple acts like an umbrella to protect the temple from rain and sunlight. In summer, when the daytime is the longest, the temple only receives about two hours of direct sunlight a day during the morning. 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? ①The temple is at the top of the mountain.    ②There is a stream at the foot of the mountain. ③The temple is made of wood, tiles and stones.    ④The temple is made up of two yards and a pavilion. A．①② B．②③ C．③④ D．①④ 2．Why does the temple look dangerous? A．Because it is badly broken. B．Because it was built 1,500 years ago. C．Because it is 50 meters high above a stream. D．Because it seems to be supported only by a few thin stanchions. 3．What does the underlined word “intact” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese? A．完好无损的 B．摇摇欲坠的 C．恢宏强大的 D．屹立不倒的 4．What is the purpose of writing Paragraph 5? A．To advertise the value of the building. B．To show the safety of Xuankong Temple. C．To explain how Xuankong Temple was built. D．To tell the purpose of building Xuankong Temple. 5．Which would be the best title for the text? A．Hengshan Mountain: The Birthplace of Xuankong Temple B．Xuankong Temple: A Dangerous Building on the Stream C．Xuankong Temple: a Popular Tourist Attraction D．Xuankong Temple: a Wonder of Ancient Times 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了位于恒山的悬空寺，包括其建造材料、结构、外观危险的原因、稳固性以及独特的自然保护条件。 1．第二段提到：“Made of wood, tiles and stones during the mid-Northern Wei Dynasty, the temple is made up of two three-story pavilions (楼阁) and a yard connected by stairs and steps. The stairs and steps are lined along the surface of a cliff (悬崖) rising 50 meters above a stream at the foot of the mountain.”，这直接说明寺庙由木头、瓦片和石头建造，并且山脚下有一条小溪。因此②③正确，①④错误。 2．第三段提到：“It is supported only by a few thin stanchions (支柱) standing on rocks that stick out. For that reason, it was chosen by Time Magazine as one of the 10 most dangerous buildings in the world in 2010.”，这直接说明寺庙看起来危险是因为它似乎仅由几根细支柱支撑。 3．第四段提到：“The temple has been standing firmly (稳固地) on the Hengshan cliff for more than 1,500 years and is still kept intact.”，根据语境可知，寺庙在恒山悬崖上稳固地矗立了1500多年，并且仍然保持完好无损，所以“intact”的意思是“完好无损的”。 4．第五段提到：“Sun said the stanchions were only added recently as a psychological comfort to visitors. About twenty thick square beams (梁) support most of the building’s weight. A number of large, deep holes were dug into the cliff’s surface, and two-thirds of the length of the beams together with wedges were driven into each one.”，根据语境可知，该段主要介绍了支撑寺庙重量的主要是厚方梁，而不是支柱，从而说明悬空寺的安全性。 5．本文主要介绍了位于恒山的悬空寺，包括其建造材料、结构、外观危险的原因、稳固性以及独特的自然保护条件，展示了其作为古代建筑奇迹的魅力。因此，D选项“悬空寺：古代的奇迹”最符合文章主旨。 Fast fashion has changed the way we dress. Clothes are cheaper and easier to buy than ever before. But there is a hidden price: the environment. Every year, about 92 million tons of clothing are thrown away. That is like a garbage truck full of clothes being thrown away every second. Imagine all those shirts, pants, and dresses ending up in landfills（垃圾填埋场）! To solve this problem, a group of Austrian researchers led by Thomas Harter has a smart idea: turn old clothes into stronger packaging paper. Instead of letting clothes rot（腐烂）in landfills, they give them a second life. The process starts with cutting the clothes into tiny pieces. These pieces are put in a water-based solution（溶液）, and then they go through a special machine. This step separates the cotton fibers（纤维）. After that, the fibers are mixed with recycled paper pulp（纸浆）. Here’s the cool part: textile（纺织品）fibers are much longer than paper fibers. Because of this, they make the final paper stronger. The new paper looks a bit brown and has small spots（点）of color from the old clothes. But it works well for packaging and can be recycled just like normal paper. The project is still new, but the team hopes to improve it by using some safe chemicals. This would make the process faster, cheaper, and more environmentally friendly. When the new method is ready, it could help reduce textile waste around the world. One more good thing? The new paper is stronger, so it can be used longer. This means less paper will be thrown away when making packaging. 1．How does the writer lead in the topic of the text? A．By listing the steps to recycle old clothes. B．By telling a story about Austrian researchers. C．By asking a question about the environment. D．By showing the environmental problem caused by fast fashion. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The way to cut the clothes into tiny pieces. B．The environmental advantages the project can bring. C．The process of turning old clothes into packaging paper. D．The differences between textile fibers and paper fibers. 3．What makes the new paper stronger? A．Paper fibers. B．Small spots. C．Long textile fibers. D．Safe chemicals. 4．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．The color. B．The new paper. C．The project. D．The recycled paper pulp. 5．What would be the best title for the text? A．Reducing Fast Fashion Waste B．Giving Old Clothes a Second Life C．How to Protect the Environment D．How to Make Stronger Packaging Paper 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了快时尚带来的服装浪费问题，以及奥地利研究人员将旧衣服转化为更坚固包装纸的创新方案，阐述了该方案的流程、优势及意义。 1．文章开头指出：“Fast fashion has changed the way we dress... But there is a hidden price: the environment... 92million tons of clothing are thrown away”，说明作者通过展示快时尚造成的环境问题引出主题。 2．第三段详细说明：“The process starts with cutting the clothes into tiny pieces... These pieces are put in a water-based solution... go through a special machine... separate the cotton fibers... mixed with recycled paper pulp”，可知该段主要介绍旧衣服转化为包装纸的过程。 3．第四段指出：“textile fibers are much longer than paper fibers. Because of this, they make the final paper stronger”，说明长纤维让新纸张更坚固。 4．第四段中“it”所在句为“The new paper looks a bit brown and has small spots of color from the old clothes. But it works well for packaging...”，这里的“it”指代前一句的主语“The new paper”。 5．文章核心是“turn old clothes into stronger packaging paper”，即给旧衣服赋予新的用途（二次生命），“Giving Old Clothes a Second Life”最能概括文章主旨。 Imagine someone who could explain one culture to another, write stories that traveled across oceans, and even invent a machine to bridge language gaps（差异）. That person was Lin Yutang. He was a writer, a translator, and an inventor all in one. As a child, Lin loved reading and often asked questions about life and faith（信念）. He wanted to understand how the world worked, and that curiosity stayed with him throughout his life. He first studied in Shanghai, then went to Harvard University to further his studies. Later, he earned his PhD（博士学位） in Germany. Living in both China and the West, Lin learned about different languages and ways of thinking. This helped him become a cultural bridge between East and West. Lin worked hard to share Chinese culture with the world. He became a well-known writer who loved telling stories about Chinese life. Besides writing, he also helped create a Chinese-English dictionary, which made it easier for people around the world to understand Chinese words. Lin also introduced Western culture to China. In 1924, for example, he helped bring the idea of “humor” to the country. The Chinese word “幽默” was born based on the English word. Lin believed that having a sense of humor showed a kind, open, and wise attitude （态度） toward life. His creativity didn’t stop with writing and translation. Lin was also an inventor. Chinese characters made typing （打字） really difficult. Lin spent years working to design a Chinese typewriter. In 1947, his MingKwai typewriter finally came out. Teachers and researchers all found it very useful. It also played an important role in language research. 1．What does the underlined word “curiosity” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．A strong will to know things. B．A special ability to invent things. C．A great love for writing stories. D．A deep understanding of cultures. 2．What did Lin Yutang do to help people understand Chinese words? A．He designed a Chinese typewriter. B．He wrote stories about Chinese life. C．He introduced the idea of “humor” to China. D．He helped create a Chinese-English dictionary. 3．Which of the following best describes Lin Yutang according to the text? A．Kind and open. B．Wise and humorous. C．Hard-working and creative. D．Creative and humorous. 4．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the text? A．To introduce Lin Yutang and his contributions. B．To explain how to design a Chinese typewriter. C．To build a cultural bridge between East and West. D．To show why Lin Yutang was interested in different cultures. 5．Which of the following shows the structure of the text? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇人物介绍类短文，介绍了集作家、翻译家、发明家于一身的林玉堂（Lin Yutang），讲述了他的成长经历、对中外文化交流的贡献，以及他的发明成果。 1．第二段指出：“Lin loved reading and often asked questions about life and faith... He wanted to understand how the world worked”，说明“curiosity”指的是想要了解事物的强烈意愿。 2．第三段说明：“he also helped create a Chinese-English dictionary, which made it easier for people around the world to understand Chinese words”，可知他通过参与编写汉英词典帮助人们理解中文词汇。 3．文章提到林玉堂“worked hard努力；introduced systems...有创造力；believed that having a sense of humor showed a kind, open, and wise attitude可以推测出有创造力，因此“勤奋、开朗且有创造力”最符合他的特点。 4．文章开篇介绍林玉堂的身份，随后讲述他的成长、文化贡献、发明等，核心目的是介绍林玉堂及其贡献。 5．文章结构为：①总起介绍林玉堂的身份→②介绍他的成长经历→③介绍他在文化传播方面的贡献→④介绍他的发明（中文打字机）→⑤总结（无单独段落，是对前文的整合），对应结构为“①总起，②③④⑤分述”。 Did you know that climate change affects not just the planet, but also people’s mental health? A growing number of people suffer from climate change anxiety, which is also called eco-anxiety (生态焦虑). It means they feel terribly worried about the environmental damage caused by human activities now and in the future. Unlike common worries, this anxiety lasts long and often disturbs daily life, as people fear for themselves, future people, and the planet’s survival (生存). The causes behind this anxiety are clear: natural disasters like floods, wildfires, and stronger hurricanes, as well as the loss of plants and animals. To measure this kind of anxiety, scientists use the Climate Change Anxiety Scale (量表) (CCAS), which includes 13 sentences about climate-related feelings and behaviors. Participants (参与者) score each sentence on a 1-5 scale (1=never, 5=almost always). The higher the total score is, the more anxious they are. A study of 877 Australians aged 16~25 gave surprising results: a CCAS score of 21 signals mild to moderate symptoms (症状), while 23 or above means serious anxiety. Surprisingly, nearly half the participants had mild to moderate symptoms, and 44% struggled with serious ones. These cut-off scores are invaluable. Doctors use them to create suitable treatment plans, and governments use them to make policies to solve the root causes of climate change, offering people hope. If eco-anxiety weighs on you, you’re not alone. Taking action against climate change—such as using public transport, reducing waste, or calling for policy changes—can ease worries. It’s important to prevent these fears from breaking daily life; talk to trusted friends, family, or doctors if needed. Spending time in nature or keeping a diary also helps. Remember, you need experts’ help to understand your CCAS score well. 1．What makes eco-anxiety different from common worries? A．It makes people feel relaxed. B．It affects daily life for a short time. C．It mainly troubles plants and animals. D．It lasts long and often disturbs daily life. 2．How does the CCAS measure eco-anxiety? A．By interviewing participants about their fears. B．By scoring participants’ responses to related sentences. C．By recording participants’ daily environmental actions. D．By comparing participants’ opinions on climate policies 3．What can we infer from the Australian study? A．Young people are largely unaffected by eco-anxiety. B．Mild eco-anxiety is less common among teenagers. C．A CCAS score of 22 is regarded as the moderate type. D．Most participants had little climate change anxiety symptoms. 4．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The cut-off scores of the CCAS. B．The participants in the Australian study. C．The policies made to fight climate change. D．The mild and moderate symptoms of eco-anxiety. 5．What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To explain how to measure eco-anxiety with CCAS. B．To warn young people to stay away from eco-anxiety. C．To advise governments to make policies on climate change. D．To introduce eco-anxiety and offer related information and advice. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文介绍生态焦虑的定义、成因、测量方式、相关研究结果，并给出缓解这种焦虑的建议。 1．第一段解释：“Unlike common worries, this anxiety lasts long and often disturbs daily life”，这句话说明了生态焦虑与普通担忧的不同之处。 2．第二段介绍：“Participants score each sentence on a 1-5 scale”，说明CCAS通过对相关句子的回答打分来测量焦虑程度。 3．第三段指出：“a CCAS score of 21 signals mild to moderate symptoms”，由此可推断22分属于中等程度症状。 4．第三段指代：“These cut-off scores are invaluable”，此处的them指代前文提到的临界分数。 5．全文总结：文章先后介绍生态焦虑、测量方式、研究结果和应对方法，目的是介绍相关信息并给出建议。 Mathilde Wittock, a designer from Belgium, makes resting chairs out of old tennis balls. She creates them with no wood or plastic. Instead, each of her chairs is made of 500 tennis balls. It is both cool and strong. Wittock wants to help protect the environment because many tennis balls are thrown away and don’t break down easily. About 300 million tennis balls are produced each year, and almost all of them end up in landfills (垃圾填埋场). It takes them over 400 years to break down. Big tennis events use a large number of balls, like the US Open with 70,000 and Wimbledon Championships with 55,000. The life cycle of a ball is not long, which usually lasts for nine games. Wittock receives all her materials from donations (捐赠) mostly from tennis clubs. It takes Wittock three to four weeks to make a chair. To meet the customers’ needs, she cuts and colors the tennis balls by hand to match their rooms. It takes her much hard work and patience to change how the balls look. Creation isn’t the only goal. In fact, what’s more important to Wittock is what happens to the chairs when they’re old. At the end of her chairs’ life, she takes them apart and recycles the tennis balls. The fuzz (绒毛) is burned off, and the balls are cut into pieces to make bouncy mats (弹性垫) for kids to play on. In this way, nothing goes to waste. 1．Which of the following can best describe Mathilde Wittock? A．She is creative and helpful. B．She works in a big company. C．She used to be a tennis player. D．She is a young pretty designer. 2．What can we learn about tennis balls from Paragraph 2? A．Tennis balls can be broken down easily. B．Many balls are needed in big tennis events. C．About 300 million tennis balls are made each month. D．55,000 tennis balls are used by the US Open every year. 3．Where does Wittock get most of the tennis balls for her chairs? A．From landfills. B．From her customers. C．From tennis clubs. D．From kind-hearted groups. 4．What will most probably be used in making resting chairs? ①Scissors ②Glass ③Brush ④Printer A．①② B．②④ C．③④ D．①③ 5．What’s the last paragraph mainly about? A．How to continue to reduce waste. B．How to make tennis balls into mats. C．How to improve the design of chairs. D．How to take tennis balls apart quickly. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了比利时设计师Mathilde Wittock用旧网球制作休闲椅的创意环保行为，包括她的材料来源、制作过程及后续的回收方式。 1．推理判断题。根据文章内容Mathilde Wittock用旧网球制作椅子，体现了她的创造力 (creative)；她这么做是为了保护环境，体现了她的乐于助人。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Big tennis events use a large number of balls, like the US Open with 70,000 and Wimbledon Championships with 55,000.”可知，大型网球赛事需要大量的网球。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Wittock receives all her materials from donations mostly from tennis clubs.” 可知，她的网球主要来自网球俱乐部的捐赠。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段“she cuts and colors the tennis balls by hand”可知，制作椅子时需要用剪刀切割网球，用刷子上色。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。最后一段主要讲述了椅子寿命结束后，Mathilde Wittock会拆解并回收网球，将其做成弹性垫，核心是如何持续减少浪费。故选A。 What if you could help the environment just by planting a small forest in your neighborhood? That’s the idea behind “micro-forests”—small, thickly planted forests that grow much faster than regular ones. The concept was developed by a Japanese botanist in the 1970s. The method is simple but special. First, prepare the soil deeply. Then, plant many different kinds of native trees and bushes very close together—about three to five plants per square meter. Finally, cover the ground with a thick layer of straw or wood chips to keep water in and stop weeds from growing. Because the plants are so close, they compete for sunlight and grow quickly—up to ten times faster than trees in a normal forest. A micro-forest can become a small wildlife habitat in just 20 to 30 years, while a natural forest would take at least 100 years. Micro-forests have many benefits. They cool down the city by providing shade and releasing water vapor. They absorb rainwater and help prevent floods. They provide food and shelter for birds, insects, and small animals. They also make people feel happier and less stressed. In recent years, micro-forests have appeared in many cities around the world. In Singapore, more than 200 micro-forests have been planted. In Europe, communities come together to plant “pocket forests” in empty lots or schoolyards. In China, some cities like Shenzhen and Chengdu have started similar projects. Of course, micro-forests also face challenges. They need careful maintenance in the first two or three years, especially watering during dry periods. And not every piece of land is suitable—the soil may be too poor or too hard. Still, many experts believe micro-forests are a simple, low-cost way to bring nature back into cities. As one ecologist said, “You don’t need a big forest to make a big difference. Sometimes, a small patch of green is enough to start a change.” 1．Who first developed the idea of micro-forests? A．A Chinese scientist. B．A Japanese botanist. C．A Singaporean officer. D．A European ecologist. 2．Why do trees in micro-forests grow faster? A．They are given special fertilizer. B．They are planted very close together. C．They are watered every day. D．They are grown in greenhouses. 3．What is one benefit of micro-forests according to the passage? A．They produce more oxygen than large forests. B．They help cool down the city. C．They can be planted anywhere. D．They don’t need any care. 4．What challenge do micro-forests face? A．They take too long to grow. B．They need careful care in the first few years. C．They are too expensive to build. D．They attract too many animals. 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To teach people how to plant trees. B．To introduce the idea of micro-forests and their value. C．To compare micro-forests with natural forests. D．To ask people to plant more trees. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍微型森林的起源、种植方法、优势、面临的挑战及其在城市中的价值。 1．细节理解题。根据“The concept was developed by a Japanese botanist in the 1970s.”可知，微型森林的概念由一位日本植物学家提出。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Because the plants are so close, they compete for sunlight and grow quickly”可知，植物种植得很密集，争抢阳光所以生长快速。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“They cool down the city by providing shade and releasing water vapor.”可知，微型森林能帮助城市降温。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“They need careful maintenance in the first two or three years”可知，微型森林最初几年需要精心照料。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍微型森林及其价值。故选B。 Have you ever heard of “forest schools”? In some countries, instead of sitting in a classroom all day, children go to school in the forest. They learn by playing, exploring, and doing outdoor activities. This special way of education is called outdoor learning. Forest schools are not a new idea. They first appeared in Denmark in the 1950s and soon spread to other European countries like Sweden, Finland, and Norway. In a forest school, there are no walls or desks. Children spend most of their time outside, no matter what the weather is like. They climb trees, build small houses with branches and leaves, follow animal footprints, and watch insects under a magnifying glass. Teachers don’t give traditional lessons. Instead, they guide children to discover knowledge through real-life experiences. For example, children learn math by counting pinecones, and science by observing how plants grow. Why are forest schools becoming so popular? Studies show that outdoor learning helps children become more creative, confident, and independent. It also improves their physical health and reduces stress. In Finland, forest schools are a common choice for young children. Some schools in China, such as those in Yunnan and Sichuan, have also started to try this model. Parents report that their children become more curious and active after attending forest school. However, forest schools also face challenges. Bad weather can sometimes make outdoor activities difficult or even dangerous. Some parents worry about safety—what if a child falls from a tree or gets lost? Teachers need to be well-trained and plan every activity carefully. Despite these difficulties, many educators believe that nature is one of the best classrooms. As one expert said, “Children don’t remember the worksheets they finished, but they will always remember the first bird’s nest they found in the woods.” 1．Where did forest schools first appear? A．In China. B．In Sweden. C．In Denmark. D．In Finland. 2．What do children do in forest schools? A．They stay in the classroom all day. B．They only learn about animals. C．They do outdoor activities and learn from nature. D．They watch videos about science. 3．What is one advantage of outdoor learning according to the text? A．It helps children save time. B．It makes children more creative. C．It is easier than indoor learning. D．It costs less money. 4．What is a challenge for forest schools? A．Children don’t like nature. B．There are no teachers. C．The weather is sometimes bad. D．Parents don’t allow children to go out. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Forest schools are a new way of learning. B．Outdoor learning has both good sides and difficulties. C．Children should spend more time indoors. D．Denmark is the best country for education. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了森林学校的起源、特点、优势及面临的挑战，通过对比传统教育与户外学习，引发对教育方式的思考。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“They first appeared in Denmark in the 1950s.”可知，森林学校起源于丹麦，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Children spend most of their time outside, no matter what the weather is like. They climb trees, build small houses with branches and leaves, follow animal footprints, and watch insects under a magnifying glass.”可知，他们在户外活动，向自然学习，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Studies show that outdoor learning helps children become more creative, confident, and independent.”可知，户外学习能提升创造力，故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Bad weather can sometimes make outdoor activities difficult or even dangerous.”可知，天气是挑战之一，故选C。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章前半部分介绍了森林学校的优点和受欢迎程度，后半部分则提到了它面临的挑战和困难，因此全文主要讲述了户外学习（森林学校）的好处和困难，故选B。 A quasar (类星体) is an extremely bright object with a super-massive (超大质量的) black hole. About a million quasars have been known to humans. Quasar J0529-4351 is one of them, about 12 billion light-years from the Earth. We have been able to see Quasar J0529-4351 since 1980. But it was so bright that people mistook it for a foreground star (前景恒星). In 2023, scientists finally found it as a quasar as well as the brightest object in the universe,500 trillion times brighter than the sun. In 2024, a study on the quasar came out in Nature Astronomy. It was done by Australian scientist Christian Wolf and his team. According to the recent study, Quasar J0529-4351 has a huge “stomach”. It “eats” about as much as the sun’s mass every day, which makes it grow very fast. And we shouldn’t be surprised at how bright it is, because the brightness has much to do with how much it “eats”. However, Quasar J0529-4351 is not the largest object. TON 618, found in 1957, is one of the largest black holes. It can hold 66 billion stars the size of the sun inside, while Quasar J0529-4351 is about 19 billion times larger than the sun. Scientists have already learned that a black hole is formed when a star collapses (坍塌) on itself. And it grows by taking in other objects, including other black holes. But they still don’t know how supermassive black holes come into being. Scientists hope that studying quasars like this one will help them understand more about supermassive black holes. They also believe that there are probably more unusual quasars out there, waiting to be discovered. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Quasar J0529-4351. B．The foreground star. C．The study. D．Nature Astronomy. 2．Which of the following is TRUE about Quasar J0529-4351? A．It is 12 billion light years from the sun. B．It is 500 trillion times brighter than the sun. C．It can hold 66 billion stars the size of the sun. D．It is about 19 billion times larger than TON 618. 3．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A．When a star collapse. B．How a black hole grows. C．Why scientists study quasars. D．What will be discovered next. 4．Which could be the best title for the text? A．A Newly Seen Quasar B．Secrets of the Universe C．Supermassive Black Holes D．Brightest Quasar Ever Seen 5．What’s the author’s attitude (态度) towards the future exploration of quasars? A．Hopeful. B．Worried. C．Doubtful. D．Uncaring. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了类星体J0529-4351，自1980年被人类观测到，2023年被确认为宇宙中最亮的物体，科学家对其进行研究，希望借此了解超大质量黑洞。 1．词句猜测题。根据“In 2024, a study on the quasar came out in Nature Astronomy. It was done by Australian scientist Christian Wolf and his team.”可知，这里描述的是一项研究在《自然・天文学》发表，紧接着说这项研究是由澳大利亚科学家及其团队完成的，所以“It”指代的是“the study”。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“In 2023, scientists finally found it as a quasar as well as the brightest object in the universe,500 trillion times brighter than the sun.”可知，关于Quasar J0529 - 4351，它比太阳亮500万亿倍是正确的。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据“Scientists hope that studying quasars like this one will help them understand more about supermassive black holes. They also believe that there are probably more unusual quasars out there, waiting to be discovered.”可知，最后一段主要告诉我们为什么科学家要研究类星体。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。根据“In 2023, scientists finally found it as a quasar as well as the brightest object in the universe, 500 trillion times brighter than the sun.”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了类星体J0529-4351，它是迄今为止发现的最亮的类星体，所以“Brightest Quasar Ever Seen”可作为本文标题。故选D。 5．观点态度题。根据“They also believe that there are probably more unusual quasars out there, waiting to be discovered.”可推知，作者对未来类星体的探索是充满希望的。故选A。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 阅读理解之说明文15篇 （福建专用） 内容导航 内容速递 中考真题练习 中考模拟练习 内容速递 本资料共15篇专项训练 中考真题练习 聚焦真题 明确考点 各地市联考真题练习 专注模拟 争夺高分 中考真题练习 As we often use eyes to touch nature, most of us “lose” the ability to listen to the world. Peter writes music. He likes sounds and uses natural sounds as part of his music. He often went out to the wild with his microphone and recorded interesting sounds to put in movies or to use in his own songs. Instead of trying to capture just the sound of one animal or bird, he recorded the sound of everything all together—the animals, the trees, the wind and the earth. He called these recordings “soundscapes”—the sound of a certain place. Every soundscape Peter recorded had a lot of information. Back in his workshop, Peter used a computer to make a picture of all the sounds going on in a place. Each animal, bird and insect had its own place on the picture—its own notes in the music. The busier the picture, the richer the life in that place. “While a picture may be worth 1,000 words, a soundscape is worth 1,000 pictures,” Peter said. “Our ears tell us the sound of every leaf and animal and speak to the natural sources (来源) of our lives, which may hold the secrets of love for all things, especially our own humanity.” But not everything is satisfying. When Peter began recording over forty years ago, he could record for ten hours and get one hour of usable material good enough for a movie. Now, because of human activities, it can take up to 1,000 hours or more to get the same thing. Some of the places he has recorded over the years have slowly fallen silent. His sound pictures show that although nature might look the same to humans, it has lost part of its orchestra (管弦乐队). So next time you are in the forests, try another way to look—shut your eyes, and listen. 1．Why did Peter record natural sounds? A．To write songs for a music group. B．To discover rich lives in the forest. C．To use some of them in his music. D．To make music about birds singing. 2．What does the underlined word “capture” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Shut. B．Catch. C．Touch. D．Check. 3．What is a sound picture in the text? A．The sound of every leaf and animal in nature. B．The sound recorded in the natural environment. C．A picture of music with sounds of 1,000 animals. D．A picture of music with natural sounds in a place. 4．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．Recording sounds needs less material. B．Sound pictures are the same as before. C．Some beautiful sounds in nature are lost. D．Human activities improve recording results. 5．What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A．Nature is the source of our future. B．Nature has wonders to be heard. C．Making music enriches our lives. D．Making music needs information. 联考真题练习 The Rise of Physical AI At the 2026 CES (国际消费电子展) , a human-like robot uses touch sensors to make ice cream. This scene shows the rise of Physical AI—an important new trend in artificial intelligence (AI). Unlike traditional AI, which deals with digital information, Physical AI lets machines understand and interact (互动) with the real world. It helps them learn ideas like gravity and how one thing causes another. We can use it in many ways: warehouse (仓库) robots moving through messy places, self-driving cars dealing with sudden weather changes, and home robots holding fragile things. This connects digital intelligence with real-world actions. Technology leaders are pushing this change forward. NVIDIA makes AI models for self-driving cars, while Qualcomm produces processors for advanced robots. Chinese companies are also important in this field. They have much experience in smart home devices and human-like robots. These technology solutions help machines learn faster in computer simulations (模拟) and work more on their own in real life. Physical AI is changing many fields. In healthcare, robot doctors can do careful operations. In manufacturing (制造业) , smart robots make assembly lines (流水线) work better. Our daily life is also changing with self-driving taxis and smart home helpers. They help people get rid of boring and daily housework. There are still some problems. Good training data costs a lot, and skills learned in simulations do not always work in real life. People also worry about its influence on jobs. However, experts like NVIDIA’s CEO Jensen Huang think robots will create new jobs and help solve the global shortage of workers. As Physical AI develops, it is changing how we live and work. It turns science fiction into real life and will surely change our world. 1．We can learn from the passage that traditional AI_________. A．can help machines make ice cream at the CES B．mainly works with information in the digital world C．is better than Physical AI in dealing with real-life problems D．is widely used in warehouse robots and self-driving cars 2．What can we infer about Chinese companies in the field of Physical AI? A．They focus on making AI models for self-driving cars only. B．They have rich experience in producing advanced processors. C．They play an important role thanks to their experience in smart devices. D．They are the leaders that push the development of Physical AI forward. 3．What does Jensen Huang probably think about Physical AI’s influence on jobs? A．It will take away more jobs than it creates in the future. B．It will not cause any problems for the world’s job market. C．It can help solve the problem of not having enough workers. D．It will make most people lose their jobs in healthcare and manufacturing. 4．Which of the following sentences is right? A．Physical AI will turn more science fiction ideas into real-life products. B．Skills learned by machines in simulations always work well in real life. C．Physical AI has no problems and will develop smoothly in the future. D．Physical AI has taken the place of traditional AI in daily life. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To introduce the 2026 CES and the human-like robots there. B．To explain the differences between traditional AI and Physical AI. C．To discuss the problems of Physical AI and how to solve them. D．To introduce Physical AI, its development, uses and future. On April 19, 2025, Beijing Yizhuang District held the world’s first humanoid robot half-marathon. Twenty-one teams of robots from cities including Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou joined human runners in a 21.1-kilometer race, aiming to show how robots can do real-world tasks like long-distance running. The winner, Tiangong Ultra from the Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center, finished in 2 hours 40 minutes with a top speed of 12 km/h. This 1.8-meter-tall robot used lightweight materials and a cooling system to avoid getting too hot. Other teams, such as Whirlwind Kid and Little Giant (a 75-centimeter-tall robot), had special shock-absorbing (减震) shoes and AI-powered balance control on the roads which were not smooth. The race tested the robots’ limits. The road had 14 sharp turns. It also included different surfaces like grass and stones. Teams could change batteries at seven stations when they ran out of electricity. If teams replaced the whole robot, they would lose 10 minutes. Some robots wore special shoes to protect joints (关节), while others used real-time sensors to avoid falls. Beyond the competition, ▲ . For example, Tsinghua University’s Kuafu robot learned to move smoothly with a little training. This could help in situations such as an earthquake. Organizers said it was a big step forward. They hoped robots would help doctors in hospitals or move goods in factories. Beijing Yizhuang area, home to over 100 robot companies, plans to deploy these technologies widely in healthcare and logistics (物流). As one engineer said, “This marathon shows how robots and humans can work together for a smarter future.” 1．What was the purpose of the world’s first humanoid robot half-marathon? A．To introduce how the competition works. B．To show robots’ ability to deal with real-world tasks. C．To compare robots’ speed with human runners’. D．To attract more tourists to Beijing Yizhuang District. 2．What helped Tiangong Ultra win the race? A．Lightweight materials and cooling systems. B．Special shoes to protect joints and real-time sensors. C．Shock-absorbing shoes and AI-powered balance control. D．The ability to move smoothly with a little training. 3．Which of the following can be put in ▲ ? A．some people are strongly against the robots B．robots brought lots of fun C．the event helped improve real-world robots D．some problems with the robots have come out 4．In which of the following statements can we use the underlined word “deploy”? A．They got married and ________ home together in Beijing. B．The boy was so clever that he ________ the answer to the question. C．Good notes ________ less stress when the test comes around. D．The teacher ________ games to teach Chinese, and it worked well. 5．In which section of a newspaper can we most probably read this passage? A．Entertainment. B．Health & Sports. C．Science & Technology. D．Business & Logistics. Love you, laoji is a catchphrase now. Literally, “laoji” means “the old self”. Although calling ourselves this way is a bit funny, it makes us feel warm at heart. It is like talking to a good old friend—relaxed and caring. To ring in the New Year, here are some tips for you to love laoji more in the coming year. Don’t Chase Perfection. Waiting to be perfect often means never starting. Many people put things off because they’re afraid of making mistakes. But doing something imperfect is better than doing nothing at all. Start small. Learn as you go. The first step matters most. Take Real Rest. Real rest isn’t sleeping all day or staying up late on your phone. That only makes you more tired. Try active rest—gentle activities that help your body and mind recover. Feel the sunshine, go for a walk, stretch a little, or listen to music you like. Choose one or two small things each day to recharge (充电). Talk to Yourself Kindly. Pay attention to how you talk to yourself. When things go wrong, don’t be too hard on laoji. Try saying, “It’s okay,” or “I’ll try again next time.” Treat yourself the way you would treat a good friend. Comments: ·Alissa: Me reading this at 1 a.m. while still scrolling... okay fine, I’ll go to bed. Love you, laoji. ·Bryan: Talking to yourself in the third person really helps. In psychology (心理学), it’s called self-distancing. It means stepping back a little and not getting stuck in your feelings. It’s useful, especially during stressful times. ·Lora: Didn’t expect a phrase like this to hit so hard. Gonna try being nicer to laoji this year. 1．The underlined phrase “put things off” in Paragraph 3 probably means to “________”. A．prepare things carefully B．leave things until later C．give things away D．forget things completely 2．According to the passage, which of the following is active rest? A．Working at a desk for long hours. B．Sleeping all day. C．Staying up late scrolling on the phone. D．Taking a walk outdoors. 3．What does Bryan mainly want to tell us? A．It’s OK to avoid stressful situations. B．The third-person talk helps manage feelings. C．Psychology terms are not hard to understand. D．Everyone should learn a little psychology. 4．Which of the following actions are recommended (推荐) for students like you? ①Xiaoming wants to start a project but worries it won’t be perfect, so he begins with a small step anyway. ②Anna gives up on difficult homework because it makes her feel stressed. ③Tom fails a test and tells himself, “It’s okay. I’ll try again next time.” ④Jerry studies psychology terms to control his feelings. A．①② B．③④ C．②④ D．①③ 5．What is the writer’s attitude towards the phrase “Love you, laoji”? A．Doubtful. B．Negative. C．Humorous. D．Supportive. Culture isn’t just for humans. From using tools to socializing, culture is also an important part of life in the wild. Sam Williams, executive director of the Macaw Recovery Network in Costa Rica, helps to increase the number of macaws (金刚鹦鹉) by taking birds that were born in captivity and sending them back into the wild. “In a cage, you can’t train them to know where, when and how to find that food, or about trees with good nest sites,” Williams told ecologist (生态学者) and writer Carl Safina for The Guardian. In the wild, the bird’s parents are normally the ones that teach them this important information. This type of knowledge is known as cultural knowledge. Cultural knowledge can be passed down from the older generation to the newer one. For many species, cultural knowledge is necessary for survival. Culture helps animals get used to different living environments. For example, some crows have learned to put nuts in the middle of the road for cars to drive over. And in other areas, they have learned to do this at crossroads so they can safely get the food when the cars stop at red lights. Other important parts of cultural knowledge include things like group identity (认同), using different tools, taking different migration routes (迁徙路线) and using different socializing methods. These traditions can especially be seen in chimpanzees (黑猩猩) communities. Cat Hobaiter, who studies chimpanzees in Uganda, said, “It’s not just the loss of populations of chimps that worries me. I find terrifying the possibility of losing each population’s unique culture. That’s lasting.” 1．What does the underlined phrase “in captivity” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Caged. B．Endangered. C．Smart. D．Strange. 2．Why do macaws learn cultural knowledge? A．Because it is good information for fun. B．Because it is important information about food. C．Because it helps them get along with humans. D．Because it helps them live in the wild. 3．How do some crows use cultural knowledge to eat nuts? A．They work in groups to find nuts. B．They steal nuts from other animals. C．They plant their own nuts in the wild. D．They make use of passing cars to break nuts. 4．What can we learn from Cat Hobaiter’s words? A．It is important to save the cultural practices of animals. B．The number of chimpanzees in Uganda is not a big issue. C．Animal culture and human culture have a lot in common. D．Chimpanzees have better traditions than other animals. 5．What is the main idea of the text? A．The importance of cultural knowledge for wild animals. B．The role of scientists in saving wild animals. C．The study of chimpanzees in Uganda. D．The influence of human activities on animals. What keeps volcanoes (火山) from erupting (喷发)? A new study found that an underground “lid (盖子)” does this job at the supervolcano beneath Yellowstone National Park in the western US. “The Yellowstone supervolcano is one of the few that can have supereruptions”, said the US Geological Survey. The ash (灰烬) from these eruptions can go 30 to 50 kilometers into the sky, three to five times as high as most planes fly. Volcanoes erupt when hot, melted (融化的) rock, called magma (岩浆), reaches Earth’s surface. The melting takes place inside Earth due to plate movement. Since magma is lighter than solid (固态的) rock, it rises. As this happens, gas bubbles (气泡) form inside it. If the magma is thin, it flows out easily as lava (熔岩). But if it’s thick, the gas bubbles get stuck, causing pressure to build up and even explode. The “lid” at Yellowstone is made of magma that is 3.5 to 4 km below the northeastern part of the Yellowstone caldera (火山口). This magma cap has tiny holes that let out some of the gas from time to time, keeping the pressure under control. Scientists made the finding by sending safe seismic waves (地震波) across the national park and picking them up with 650 sensors (传感器). With so many sensors, scientists got a much clearer image of what’s going on underground. “Even though a big Yellowstone eruption is unlikely for thousands of years, the study helps understand its future. Also, the finding is important for everything from geothermal energy (地热能) to keeping CO2,” said Brandon Schmandt, a lead scientist. 1．What is a supervolcano? A．A volcano that never erupts. B．A volcano that sends ashes into the sky. C．A volcano with huge eruptions. D．A volcano found in big mountains. 2．When can volcanoes explode? A．When plate movements happen suddenly. B．When gas bubbles get stuck in thick magma. C．When magma builds up to a certain point. D．When solid rocks turn into magma or lava. 3．What is actually the “lid” at the Yellowstone supervolcano? A．A big gas bubble. B．A huge solid rock. C．A thin layer of lava. D．A thick layer of magma. 4．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．How scientists found the magma cap. B．How scientists predict volcano eruptions. C．How scientists cool down large volcanoes. D．How scientists study the formation of volcanoes. 5．According to Brandon Schmandt, what is the importance of the finding? A．Understanding Earth’s plate movement. B．Helping the national park stay safe in the future. C．Helping people make use of the geothermal energy. D．Studying the influence of volcanic activity on the environment. ①Did you know that architecture (建筑) can shape who we become? Architecture has a big influence on us. It can affect our character, mood, and health. ②Connecting nature with buildings is good for our mind and body. A study from Heidelberg University in Germany found that people who grow up in the countryside are less likely to have mental illnesses than those raised in cities. Vancouver, Canada, is a city surrounded by mountains and the ocean. Its buildings are carefully planned so tall ones never block people’s view of the natural scenery. ③Architecture without soul (灵魂) can also change our moods, according to The Guardian. For example, in a study in Lower Manhattan, New York, people felt worse as they walked past a supermarket with boring glass walls. They even walked faster, as if they wanted to leave quickly. But when they reached lively restaurants and shops, their moods got much better. ④To make architecture more interesting, designers should consider the height of ceilings. Studies showed that rooms with lower ceilings can make you more focused, while rooms with higher ceilings can make you more creative. Designers should also avoid too many flat and straight designs, because such designs don’t allow light and shadow to create interesting patterns (图案/纹理). They also don’t fit well with nature, making buildings seem boring. To add life to architecture, designers should choose colors carefully to create different moods, according to Forbes. Bright colors like yellow and orange can make people feel energetic and happy, while calm colors like blue and green can help people feel relaxed. ⑤In short, architecture matters a lot. We should have buildings that connect with nature, have good designs and use nice colors to make us feel good. 1．Which is TRUE about people growing up in the countryside? A．They have a lower risk of mental illnesses. B．They are more likely to have better creativity. C．They are more focused on their work. D．They walk faster in front of supermarkets. 2．Tom is an artist. He wants to have more new ideas. What kind of room can probably help him? A．A dark-colored room. B．A room with higher ceilings. C．A room with lively grass. D．A room with lower ceilings. 3．What does the underlined word “They” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．buildings B．light and shadow C．interesting patterns D．flat and straight designs 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Bright colors may make people feel energetic. B．Lower ceilings can help people create new ideas. C．Supermarkets with glass walls are popular with shoppers. D．Places with more natural views may be healthier for people. 5．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A．①/②/③④⑤ B．①/②③④⑤ C．①/②③④/⑤ D．①/②③/④⑤ Cultural experts say Shanxi is home to the largest number of ancient buildings in China. Xuankong Temple (悬空寺) at Hengshan Mountain is no doubt one of the most wonderful examples. Made of wood, tiles and stones during the mid-Northern Wei Dynasty, the temple is made up of two three-story pavilions (楼阁) and a yard connected by stairs and steps. The stairs and steps are lined along the surface of a cliff (悬崖) rising 50 meters above a stream at the foot of the mountain. Seen from below, Xuankong Temple, which literally means “temple hanging in the sky”, appears very dangerous. It is supported only by a few thin stanchions (支柱) standing on rocks that stick out. For that reason, it was chosen by Time Magazine as one of the 10 most dangerous buildings in the world in 2010. Sun Shupeng, an engineer, however, disagreed with the idea that Xuankong Temple is, in fact, a dangerous building. “The temple has been standing firmly (稳固地) on the Hengshan cliff for more than 1,500 years and is still kept intact,” he said. “A study of the temple is an exploration of an ancient Chinese engineering miracle (奇迹).” Sun said the stanchions were only added recently as a psychological comfort to visitors. About twenty thick square beams (梁) support most of the building’s weight. A number of large, deep holes were dug into the cliff’s surface, and two-thirds of the length of the beams together with wedges were driven into each one. Besides its strong building, local people have found that the section of cliff above the temple acts like an umbrella to protect the temple from rain and sunlight. In summer, when the daytime is the longest, the temple only receives about two hours of direct sunlight a day during the morning. 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? ①The temple is at the top of the mountain.    ②There is a stream at the foot of the mountain. ③The temple is made of wood, tiles and stones.    ④The temple is made up of two yards and a pavilion. A．①② B．②③ C．③④ D．①④ 2．Why does the temple look dangerous? A．Because it is badly broken. B．Because it was built 1,500 years ago. C．Because it is 50 meters high above a stream. D．Because it seems to be supported only by a few thin stanchions. 3．What does the underlined word “intact” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese? A．完好无损的 B．摇摇欲坠的 C．恢宏强大的 D．屹立不倒的 4．What is the purpose of writing Paragraph 5? A．To advertise the value of the building. B．To show the safety of Xuankong Temple. C．To explain how Xuankong Temple was built. D．To tell the purpose of building Xuankong Temple. 5．Which would be the best title for the text? A．Hengshan Mountain: The Birthplace of Xuankong Temple B．Xuankong Temple: A Dangerous Building on the Stream C．Xuankong Temple: a Popular Tourist Attraction D．Xuankong Temple: a Wonder of Ancient Times Fast fashion has changed the way we dress. Clothes are cheaper and easier to buy than ever before. But there is a hidden price: the environment. Every year, about 92 million tons of clothing are thrown away. That is like a garbage truck full of clothes being thrown away every second. Imagine all those shirts, pants, and dresses ending up in landfills（垃圾填埋场）! To solve this problem, a group of Austrian researchers led by Thomas Harter has a smart idea: turn old clothes into stronger packaging paper. Instead of letting clothes rot（腐烂）in landfills, they give them a second life. The process starts with cutting the clothes into tiny pieces. These pieces are put in a water-based solution（溶液）, and then they go through a special machine. This step separates the cotton fibers（纤维）. After that, the fibers are mixed with recycled paper pulp（纸浆）. Here’s the cool part: textile（纺织品）fibers are much longer than paper fibers. Because of this, they make the final paper stronger. The new paper looks a bit brown and has small spots（点）of color from the old clothes. But it works well for packaging and can be recycled just like normal paper. The project is still new, but the team hopes to improve it by using some safe chemicals. This would make the process faster, cheaper, and more environmentally friendly. When the new method is ready, it could help reduce textile waste around the world. One more good thing? The new paper is stronger, so it can be used longer. This means less paper will be thrown away when making packaging. 1．How does the writer lead in the topic of the text? A．By listing the steps to recycle old clothes. B．By telling a story about Austrian researchers. C．By asking a question about the environment. D．By showing the environmental problem caused by fast fashion. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The way to cut the clothes into tiny pieces. B．The environmental advantages the project can bring. C．The process of turning old clothes into packaging paper. D．The differences between textile fibers and paper fibers. 3．What makes the new paper stronger? A．Paper fibers. B．Small spots. C．Long textile fibers. D．Safe chemicals. 4．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．The color. B．The new paper. C．The project. D．The recycled paper pulp. 5．What would be the best title for the text? A．Reducing Fast Fashion Waste B．Giving Old Clothes a Second Life C．How to Protect the Environment D．How to Make Stronger Packaging Paper Imagine someone who could explain one culture to another, write stories that traveled across oceans, and even invent a machine to bridge language gaps（差异）. That person was Lin Yutang. He was a writer, a translator, and an inventor all in one. As a child, Lin loved reading and often asked questions about life and faith（信念）. He wanted to understand how the world worked, and that curiosity stayed with him throughout his life. He first studied in Shanghai, then went to Harvard University to further his studies. Later, he earned his PhD（博士学位） in Germany. Living in both China and the West, Lin learned about different languages and ways of thinking. This helped him become a cultural bridge between East and West. Lin worked hard to share Chinese culture with the world. He became a well-known writer who loved telling stories about Chinese life. Besides writing, he also helped create a Chinese-English dictionary, which made it easier for people around the world to understand Chinese words. Lin also introduced Western culture to China. In 1924, for example, he helped bring the idea of “humor” to the country. The Chinese word “幽默” was born based on the English word. Lin believed that having a sense of humor showed a kind, open, and wise attitude （态度） toward life. His creativity didn’t stop with writing and translation. Lin was also an inventor. Chinese characters made typing （打字） really difficult. Lin spent years working to design a Chinese typewriter. In 1947, his MingKwai typewriter finally came out. Teachers and researchers all found it very useful. It also played an important role in language research. 1．What does the underlined word “curiosity” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．A strong will to know things. B．A special ability to invent things. C．A great love for writing stories. D．A deep understanding of cultures. 2．What did Lin Yutang do to help people understand Chinese words? A．He designed a Chinese typewriter. B．He wrote stories about Chinese life. C．He introduced the idea of “humor” to China. D．He helped create a Chinese-English dictionary. 3．Which of the following best describes Lin Yutang according to the text? A．Kind and open. B．Wise and humorous. C．Hard-working and creative. D．Creative and humorous. 4．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the text? A．To introduce Lin Yutang and his contributions. B．To explain how to design a Chinese typewriter. C．To build a cultural bridge between East and West. D．To show why Lin Yutang was interested in different cultures. 5．Which of the following shows the structure of the text? A． B． C． D． Did you know that climate change affects not just the planet, but also people’s mental health? A growing number of people suffer from climate change anxiety, which is also called eco-anxiety (生态焦虑). It means they feel terribly worried about the environmental damage caused by human activities now and in the future. Unlike common worries, this anxiety lasts long and often disturbs daily life, as people fear for themselves, future people, and the planet’s survival (生存). The causes behind this anxiety are clear: natural disasters like floods, wildfires, and stronger hurricanes, as well as the loss of plants and animals. To measure this kind of anxiety, scientists use the Climate Change Anxiety Scale (量表) (CCAS), which includes 13 sentences about climate-related feelings and behaviors. Participants (参与者) score each sentence on a 1-5 scale (1=never, 5=almost always). The higher the total score is, the more anxious they are. A study of 877 Australians aged 16~25 gave surprising results: a CCAS score of 21 signals mild to moderate symptoms (症状), while 23 or above means serious anxiety. Surprisingly, nearly half the participants had mild to moderate symptoms, and 44% struggled with serious ones. These cut-off scores are invaluable. Doctors use them to create suitable treatment plans, and governments use them to make policies to solve the root causes of climate change, offering people hope. If eco-anxiety weighs on you, you’re not alone. Taking action against climate change—such as using public transport, reducing waste, or calling for policy changes—can ease worries. It’s important to prevent these fears from breaking daily life; talk to trusted friends, family, or doctors if needed. Spending time in nature or keeping a diary also helps. Remember, you need experts’ help to understand your CCAS score well. 1．What makes eco-anxiety different from common worries? A．It makes people feel relaxed. B．It affects daily life for a short time. C．It mainly troubles plants and animals. D．It lasts long and often disturbs daily life. 2．How does the CCAS measure eco-anxiety? A．By interviewing participants about their fears. B．By scoring participants’ responses to related sentences. C．By recording participants’ daily environmental actions. D．By comparing participants’ opinions on climate policies 3．What can we infer from the Australian study? A．Young people are largely unaffected by eco-anxiety. B．Mild eco-anxiety is less common among teenagers. C．A CCAS score of 22 is regarded as the moderate type. D．Most participants had little climate change anxiety symptoms. 4．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The cut-off scores of the CCAS. B．The participants in the Australian study. C．The policies made to fight climate change. D．The mild and moderate symptoms of eco-anxiety. 5．What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To explain how to measure eco-anxiety with CCAS. B．To warn young people to stay away from eco-anxiety. C．To advise governments to make policies on climate change. D．To introduce eco-anxiety and offer related information and advice. Mathilde Wittock, a designer from Belgium, makes resting chairs out of old tennis balls. She creates them with no wood or plastic. Instead, each of her chairs is made of 500 tennis balls. It is both cool and strong. Wittock wants to help protect the environment because many tennis balls are thrown away and don’t break down easily. About 300 million tennis balls are produced each year, and almost all of them end up in landfills (垃圾填埋场). It takes them over 400 years to break down. Big tennis events use a large number of balls, like the US Open with 70,000 and Wimbledon Championships with 55,000. The life cycle of a ball is not long, which usually lasts for nine games. Wittock receives all her materials from donations (捐赠) mostly from tennis clubs. It takes Wittock three to four weeks to make a chair. To meet the customers’ needs, she cuts and colors the tennis balls by hand to match their rooms. It takes her much hard work and patience to change how the balls look. Creation isn’t the only goal. In fact, what’s more important to Wittock is what happens to the chairs when they’re old. At the end of her chairs’ life, she takes them apart and recycles the tennis balls. The fuzz (绒毛) is burned off, and the balls are cut into pieces to make bouncy mats (弹性垫) for kids to play on. In this way, nothing goes to waste. 1．Which of the following can best describe Mathilde Wittock? A．She is creative and helpful. B．She works in a big company. C．She used to be a tennis player. D．She is a young pretty designer. 2．What can we learn about tennis balls from Paragraph 2? A．Tennis balls can be broken down easily. B．Many balls are needed in big tennis events. C．About 300 million tennis balls are made each month. D．55,000 tennis balls are used by the US Open every year. 3．Where does Wittock get most of the tennis balls for her chairs? A．From landfills. B．From her customers. C．From tennis clubs. D．From kind-hearted groups. 4．What will most probably be used in making resting chairs? ①Scissors ②Glass ③Brush ④Printer A．①② B．②④ C．③④ D．①③ 5．What’s the last paragraph mainly about? A．How to continue to reduce waste. B．How to make tennis balls into mats. C．How to improve the design of chairs. D．How to take tennis balls apart quickly. What if you could help the environment just by planting a small forest in your neighborhood? That’s the idea behind “micro-forests”—small, thickly planted forests that grow much faster than regular ones. The concept was developed by a Japanese botanist in the 1970s. The method is simple but special. First, prepare the soil deeply. Then, plant many different kinds of native trees and bushes very close together—about three to five plants per square meter. Finally, cover the ground with a thick layer of straw or wood chips to keep water in and stop weeds from growing. Because the plants are so close, they compete for sunlight and grow quickly—up to ten times faster than trees in a normal forest. A micro-forest can become a small wildlife habitat in just 20 to 30 years, while a natural forest would take at least 100 years. Micro-forests have many benefits. They cool down the city by providing shade and releasing water vapor. They absorb rainwater and help prevent floods. They provide food and shelter for birds, insects, and small animals. They also make people feel happier and less stressed. In recent years, micro-forests have appeared in many cities around the world. In Singapore, more than 200 micro-forests have been planted. In Europe, communities come together to plant “pocket forests” in empty lots or schoolyards. In China, some cities like Shenzhen and Chengdu have started similar projects. Of course, micro-forests also face challenges. They need careful maintenance in the first two or three years, especially watering during dry periods. And not every piece of land is suitable—the soil may be too poor or too hard. Still, many experts believe micro-forests are a simple, low-cost way to bring nature back into cities. As one ecologist said, “You don’t need a big forest to make a big difference. Sometimes, a small patch of green is enough to start a change.” 1．Who first developed the idea of micro-forests? A．A Chinese scientist. B．A Japanese botanist. C．A Singaporean officer. D．A European ecologist. 2．Why do trees in micro-forests grow faster? A．They are given special fertilizer. B．They are planted very close together. C．They are watered every day. D．They are grown in greenhouses. 3．What is one benefit of micro-forests according to the passage? A．They produce more oxygen than large forests. B．They help cool down the city. C．They can be planted anywhere. D．They don’t need any care. 4．What challenge do micro-forests face? A．They take too long to grow. B．They need careful care in the first few years. C．They are too expensive to build. D．They attract too many animals. 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To teach people how to plant trees. B．To introduce the idea of micro-forests and their value. C．To compare micro-forests with natural forests. D．To ask people to plant more trees. Have you ever heard of “forest schools”? In some countries, instead of sitting in a classroom all day, children go to school in the forest. They learn by playing, exploring, and doing outdoor activities. This special way of education is called outdoor learning. Forest schools are not a new idea. They first appeared in Denmark in the 1950s and soon spread to other European countries like Sweden, Finland, and Norway. In a forest school, there are no walls or desks. Children spend most of their time outside, no matter what the weather is like. They climb trees, build small houses with branches and leaves, follow animal footprints, and watch insects under a magnifying glass. Teachers don’t give traditional lessons. Instead, they guide children to discover knowledge through real-life experiences. For example, children learn math by counting pinecones, and science by observing how plants grow. Why are forest schools becoming so popular? Studies show that outdoor learning helps children become more creative, confident, and independent. It also improves their physical health and reduces stress. In Finland, forest schools are a common choice for young children. Some schools in China, such as those in Yunnan and Sichuan, have also started to try this model. Parents report that their children become more curious and active after attending forest school. However, forest schools also face challenges. Bad weather can sometimes make outdoor activities difficult or even dangerous. Some parents worry about safety—what if a child falls from a tree or gets lost? Teachers need to be well-trained and plan every activity carefully. Despite these difficulties, many educators believe that nature is one of the best classrooms. As one expert said, “Children don’t remember the worksheets they finished, but they will always remember the first bird’s nest they found in the woods.” 1．Where did forest schools first appear? A．In China. B．In Sweden. C．In Denmark. D．In Finland. 2．What do children do in forest schools? A．They stay in the classroom all day. B．They only learn about animals. C．They do outdoor activities and learn from nature. D．They watch videos about science. 3．What is one advantage of outdoor learning according to the text? A．It helps children save time. B．It makes children more creative. C．It is easier than indoor learning. D．It costs less money. 4．What is a challenge for forest schools? A．Children don’t like nature. B．There are no teachers. C．The weather is sometimes bad. D．Parents don’t allow children to go out. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Forest schools are a new way of learning. B．Outdoor learning has both good sides and difficulties. C．Children should spend more time indoors. D．Denmark is the best country for education. A quasar (类星体) is an extremely bright object with a super-massive (超大质量的) black hole. About a million quasars have been known to humans. Quasar J0529-4351 is one of them, about 12 billion light-years from the Earth. We have been able to see Quasar J0529-4351 since 1980. But it was so bright that people mistook it for a foreground star (前景恒星). In 2023, scientists finally found it as a quasar as well as the brightest object in the universe,500 trillion times brighter than the sun. In 2024, a study on the quasar came out in Nature Astronomy. It was done by Australian scientist Christian Wolf and his team. According to the recent study, Quasar J0529-4351 has a huge “stomach”. It “eats” about as much as the sun’s mass every day, which makes it grow very fast. And we shouldn’t be surprised at how bright it is, because the brightness has much to do with how much it “eats”. However, Quasar J0529-4351 is not the largest object. TON 618, found in 1957, is one of the largest black holes. It can hold 66 billion stars the size of the sun inside, while Quasar J0529-4351 is about 19 billion times larger than the sun. Scientists have already learned that a black hole is formed when a star collapses (坍塌) on itself. And it grows by taking in other objects, including other black holes. But they still don’t know how supermassive black holes come into being. Scientists hope that studying quasars like this one will help them understand more about supermassive black holes. They also believe that there are probably more unusual quasars out there, waiting to be discovered. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Quasar J0529-4351. B．The foreground star. C．The study. D．Nature Astronomy. 2．Which of the following is TRUE about Quasar J0529-4351? A．It is 12 billion light years from the sun. B．It is 500 trillion times brighter than the sun. C．It can hold 66 billion stars the size of the sun. D．It is about 19 billion times larger than TON 618. 3．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A．When a star collapse. B．How a black hole grows. C．Why scientists study quasars. D．What will be discovered next. 4．Which could be the best title for the text? A．A Newly Seen Quasar B．Secrets of the Universe C．Supermassive Black Holes D．Brightest Quasar Ever Seen 5．What’s the author’s attitude (态度) towards the future exploration of quasars? A．Hopeful. B．Worried. C．Doubtful. D．Uncaring. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $