秘籍05 阅读与表达（抢分秘籍）（北京专用） 2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲练测

专题05 阅读与表达 目录 一、阅读与表达应试秘籍................................................................. ..................................................................01 二、阅读与表达误区点拨............................................................ ................ ........................... .........................02 三、抢分通关.............................................................................................................................. .........................03 四、语篇押题................................................................... ...................................................................... .............05 秘籍：前2个题答案全部来自原文细节，第三个题需要结合原文进行判断并说明理由，最后一题需要结合文章的主体和自己的感悟和经历写30-50字之间的小文章。 具体步骤如下： 一、读后回答问题 Step 1 审题圈关键词 圈出：疑问词（what / why / how）、时态、人称、数量。 Step 2 回原文定位 用题干关键词在文中找原句 / 同义句，答案 99% 在定位句附近。 Step 3 按要求精简作答 不照搬整段，只摘要点 时态、人称要和问题一致 二、小作文写作步骤 Step 1 结合文章进行审题 Step 2 结合自己的实际进行阐述 （1）清晰表明观点 （2）分层次阐述（并列两个原因+细节） 易错点1：细节问题不清晰，答案抄整段 秘籍：只抄关键的答案句即可，不要有冗余信息。遵循原问句结构回答。 (2025•北京卷) Take the story of Mark Lee. He loved biking around his neighbourhood but grew upset seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. Instead of simply complaining, he decided to do something about it. 40．What upset Mark when he was biking around his neighbourhood? 易错分析： 抄整个段落，就会出现冗余信息，会被扣分。 变式：(2025•北京卷) And he’s not alone. Thirteen-year-old Sally Carter loved reading fantasy books. Inspired by magical maps in her stories, she wondered: what if we could build a real-world app that helps people explore hidden places in their own cities? She gathered friends, learned some basic programming, and together they created an app that maps small local parks and gardens few people knew about. Their app quickly grew popular in town and even won a local youth innovation award. 41．How does the app created by Sally and her friends help? 易错分析： 抄整个段落，出现大量冗余信息。或者关键动词helps不加三单都会是问题答案。 易错点2：判断正误题划线不清，解释不明 秘籍：根据文章判断正误，不能出现错误点划线多处划线，或者整句划线，解释可以找到文章关键信息，注意人称要和问题对应一致。 (2025•北京卷) Using an old 3D printer, Mark started experimenting. He melted (熔化) plastic bottles down and tried shaping them into small bricks. At first, everything went wrong — the plastic broke, the printer jammed, and the pieces didn’t fit together. Friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up. 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > With encouragement from his friends and parents, Mark built a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood after months of trial and error. 易错分析： 整个句子都划上，是不可以的。要清晰划出错误的地方。而且解释的时候要注意也不可以整段抄，而要抄具体的正确句子，或者用自己的话解释清楚。 变式：(2024•北京卷) My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist. 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. 易错点3：小作文言之无物，或只写文章里的内容。 秘籍：结合自己对文章的理解和自己的生活和学习，进行合理阐释。 (2025•北京卷) 43．How can you put your imagination into practice as Mark and Sally did? (In about 40 words) ： 易错分析： 只分析文章里的人物如何做的，不结合自己的实际生活或者学习。 变式：(2023•北京卷) What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits?(In about 40 words) 【押题新高考题型一】细节问题 1.（2026·北京市东城区·期末）History is full of stories suggesting that scientific breakthroughs happen suddenly, in a flash of inspiration. Perhaps the most famous of these concerns Isaac Newton, a physicist, who was supposedly sitting under a tree in his mother’s garden when an apple fell on his head. Thanks to this, Newton came up with his theory of gravity. Nearly two thousand years earlier, the mathematician and physicist Archimedes was struggling with a problem that nobody could find the answer to—how to accurately measure the volume of an object. When he noticed the water in his bathtub rising as he got in, the solution came to him. “Eureka” he reportedly declared, which means “I’ve found it” in Ancient Greek. Apparently, he was so excited by his discovery, which became very influential, that he jumped out of the bathtub and ran into the street to tell everyone! These two stories, both of which involve scientists suddenly solving problems that they’d been working on, have been told for centuries. People enjoy the simplicity of the stories when they think of the images of an apple falling from a tree or an old man jumping out of the bathtub. Perhaps the two stories even lead us to believe that we too can make great discoveries if we’re lucky enough to have our own “Eureka moment.” But, in reality, such discoveries usually follow years of hard work and serious scientific analysis, most of which isn’t of interest to people in the same way as the two stories mentioned previously. 40. When did Archimedes find the solution to the problem he was struggling with? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What do the two stories have in common? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2.（2026·北京市西城区·期末）As a freshman, I had no idea how to become a scientist. The process felt cloudy and overwhelming. But things began to change after my first meeting with the professor who became my lab supervisor. Throughout college, she provided support professionally and personally. I became empowered and my confidence grew. 40. What change did the professor bring about in the author? 3.（2026·北京市海淀区·期末） With climate change and rapid urbanization, many cities are at the serious risk of flooding. To tackle this problem, Chinese researchers first proposed the “sponge city” concept — an urban planning strategy that uses nature to sustainably manage water, reducing reliance on concrete pipes and dams. 40. According to the passage, what does the “sponge city” concept refer to? 4.（2026·北京市朝阳区·期末） This phrase isn’t some modern, feel-good statement. It’s old. Really old. It’s been adopted as a motto by countless families, cities, and even used by space programs, which is beautifully literal. The phrase has lasted for centuries because it speaks to a fundamental truth: greatness is not born from comfort. 41. Why has the phrase “Ad Astra per Aspera” lasted for centuries? 【押题新高考题型二】判断正误解释原因题 1．（2026·北京市东城区·期末）These two stories, both of which involve scientists suddenly solving problems that they’d been working on, have been told for centuries. People enjoy the simplicity of the stories when they think of the images of an apple falling from a tree or an old man jumping out of the bathtub. Perhaps the two stories even lead us to believe that we too can make great discoveries if we’re lucky enough to have our own “Eureka moment.” But, in reality, such discoveries usually follow years of hard work and serious scientific analysis, most of which isn’t of interest to people in the same way as the two stories mentioned previously. 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. People are interested in Eureka stories because they admire the process of scientific discovery. 2.（2026·北京市西城区·期末） As our sessions continued, I still went into each one, worried that I would not be prepared to solve every problem my student encountered. What mattered most, I realized, was not to be some imaginary perfect teacher with all the answers, but to get to know my student including her hopes and ambitions, and offer whatever guidance and support I could, based on my own experiences. When I did not know the answer to an issue she raised, I was honest about it and did my best to listen, provide feedback, and allow her to determine her best course of action. Sometimes, I was there simply to provide a safe space to vent (发泄). I could help even when I did not have a solution. 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶According to the author, the most important thing was to have the answers to the student’s questions and provide her with support and guidance. 3.（2026·北京市海淀区·期末） This urban planning model has achieved widespread international recognition. In China, it was officially adopted as a nationwide policy in 2014, with cities like Wuhan and Beijing leading implementation efforts. Following devastating floods of a 2011 storm, the city of Copenhagen launched its own sponge city transformation plan. Fundamental to the strategy are green infrastructure (基础设施) elements, such as redesigned parks that serve as retention basins during heavy rains, along with blue infrastructure like the city’s extensive canal network to channel and store excess water. 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The sponge city transformation plan of Copenhagen involves building new parks and making use of its canal network. 4.（2026·北京市朝阳区·期末） The beauty of the phrase is that “the stars” are personal to you, but the message is universal: The journey to the stars is not a flight; it’s a climb up a jagged(崎岖的) mountain. 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The beauty of the phrase “Ad Astra per Aspera” is that both its message and the “Astra” are universal. 【押题新高考题型三】小作文题 1．（2026·北京市东城区·期末）Apart from what is mentioned in the passage, what else contributes to problem-solving? (In about 40 words) 2.（2026·北京市西城区·期末）43. Give one example of your own real-life “mutual empowerment”. (In about 40 words) 3.（2026·北京市海淀区·期末）In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, what other way(s) would you propose to make your city more livable? (In about 40 words) 4.（2026·北京市朝阳区·期末）How can “Aspera” lead you to “Astra”? (In about 40 words) 语篇押题1 （2026·北京市丰台区·期末） Last year, when Andre Rouhani and Gabriela Reyes toured Culdesac Tempe, a rental development outside of Phoenix, the place looked pretty sweet. It had pleasant walkways, unique shops, and low white buildings. The only surprise came when Mr. Rouhani asked about resident parking and was told there was none. The couple had a baby on the way. “Long story short, we decided that all the pros outweigh the cons. It’s the best place I’ve ever lived,” Mr. Rouhani said. Modeled on towns in Italy and Greece, Culdesac Tempe is what its developer, Ryan Johnson, calls the country’s first neighborhood purposely built to be car free. Mr. Johnson said he wanted to offer a blueprint for living in a walkable place, even in a car-centric state. “This is completely different from the modern, conventional approach to development. It is a very big deal,” said Mr. Johnson. Culdesac’s buildings are designed for the desert climate, painted bright white to reflect heat. Without the need for residential parking, its architects arranged buildings to maximize shade and built narrow pathways to encourage breezes. “The pedestrian is the primary person,” said Alexandra Vondeling, the lead architect. While there’s a short-term parking lot for deliveries and guests, residents are expected to get around by the nearby light-rail system, buses and electric bikes. Living in a place without cars means the pace is slower, with more opportunity for connection, Mr. Rouhani said. In the days after their daughter was born, three neighbours brought a meal, dropped off cookies or offered to go buy them groceries. “We really feel supported and loved here,” he said. “It’s one of the best things we can do for climate, health and low cost of living, even low cost of government,” said Mr. Johnson, who lives at Culdesac, too. “It’s also a better lifestyle.” 40. Why was Andre Rouhani surprised when he first visited Culdesac Tempe? _______________________________________________ 41. What design features help Culdesac Tempe to adapt to the desert climate? _______________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Living in a place without cars, residents in Culdesac Tempe have limited social life. _______________________________________________ 43. How would you design your community as Ryan Johnson did to make it a better place to live in? (In about 40 words) _______________________________________________ 语篇押题2 （2026·北京市石景山区·期末） On Lin’s shelf stands a plain white ceramic mug (陶瓷杯). At first glance it seems ordinary, yet it quietly carries the story of her friendship with Hana. They met in Grade Three, when Hana transferred to Lin’s school. On her first day, Hana forgot her water bottle. At lunchtime, Lin shyly pushed a new mug across the desk and murmured, “You can use mine.” From then on, they did homework together, shared secrets and gradually became inseparable. In senior high, things changed. Lin joined the student union and was constantly busy with meetings and events. Hana felt increasingly left out. One weekend, Hana went to Lin’s home, determined to talk seriously. Their conversation, however, quickly turned into a heated argument. As Hana stood up, her hand hit the shelf. The white mug fell and shattered (破碎) on the floor. Shaken, Hana gathered the pieces with trembling fingers. Hurt and speechless, Hana took the broken pieces with her and left. From that day on, they barely spoke. Months later, on Lin’s seventeenth birthday, memories of their shared laughter returned, leaving an unexpected ache in her chest. Just then, the doorbell rang. To her surprise, Hana was standing there with a small paper bag. After she left, Lin opened the bag. Inside was a white ceramic mug, identical to the one that had been broken, and a small card: “I’m sorry. I know I can’t bring back the old mug, but I hope we can start again. If you still need a friend, I’m here.” Holding the mug, Lin finally smiled. 40. Why did Lin push Hana a mug when they first met? ________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What did Hana do when she felt left out? ________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. On Lin’s seventeenth birthday, she received a gift, the white ceramic mug that had been broken by Hana. ________________________________________________________________________________ 43. From this story, what can you learn about “friendship”? (In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________________________ 2 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读与表达 目录 一、阅读与表达应试秘籍................................................................. ..................................................................01 二、阅读与表达误区点拨............................................................ ................ ........................... .........................02 三、抢分通关.............................................................................................................................. .........................04 四、语篇押题................................................................... ...................................................................... .............10 秘籍：前2个题答案全部来自原文细节，第三个题需要结合原文进行判断并说明理由，最后一题需要结合文章的主体和自己的感悟和经历写30-50字之间的小文章。 具体步骤如下： 一、读后回答问题 Step 1 审题圈关键词 圈出：疑问词（what / why / how）、时态、人称、数量。 Step 2 回原文定位 用题干关键词在文中找原句 / 同义句，答案 99% 在定位句附近。 Step 3 按要求精简作答 不照搬整段，只摘要点 时态、人称要和问题一致 二、小作文写作步骤 Step 1 结合文章进行审题 Step 2 结合自己的实际进行阐述 （1）清晰表明观点 （2）分层次阐述（并列两个原因+细节） 易错点1：细节问题不清晰，答案抄整段 秘籍：只抄关键的答案句即可，不要有冗余信息。遵循原问句结构回答。 (2025•北京卷) Take the story of Mark Lee. He loved biking around his neighbourhood but grew upset seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. Instead of simply complaining, he decided to do something about it. 40．What upset Mark when he was biking around his neighbourhood? 【答案】Seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段“He loved biking around his neighbourhood but grew upset seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. (他喜欢在社区里骑自行车，但看到公园和人行道上到处都是塑料瓶，他很沮丧。)” 可知，让Mark沮丧的是看到公园和人行道上有很多塑料瓶。故填 Seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. 易错分析： 抄整个段落，就会出现冗余信息，会被扣分。 变式：(2025•北京卷) And he’s not alone. Thirteen-year-old Sally Carter loved reading fantasy books. Inspired by magical maps in her stories, she wondered: what if we could build a real-world app that helps people explore hidden places in their own cities? She gathered friends, learned some basic programming, and together they created an app that maps small local parks and gardens few people knew about. Their app quickly grew popular in town and even won a local youth innovation award. 41．How does the app created by Sally and her friends help? 【答案】It helps people explore hidden places like small local parks and gardens in their own cities. 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第五段“what if we could build a real - world app that helps people explore hidden places in their own cities? She gathered friends, learned some basic programming, and together they created an app that maps small local parks and gardens few people knew about. (如果我们能开发一个现实世界的应用程序，帮助人们探索他们自己城市里隐藏的地方会怎么样呢？她召集了朋友们，学习了一些基本的编程知识，然后他们一起开发了一个应用程序，该程序可以绘制出很少有人知道的当地小公园和花园的地图。)” 可知，Sally和她朋友创建的应用程序帮助人们探索自己城市里像小公园和花园这样隐藏的地方。故填It helps people explore hidden places like small local parks and gardens in their own cities. 易错分析： 抄整个段落，出现大量冗余信息。或者关键动词helps不加三单都会是问题答案。 易错点2：判断正误题划线不清，解释不明 秘籍：根据文章判断正误，不能出现错误点划线多处划线，或者整句划线，解释可以找到文章关键信息，注意人称要和问题对应一致。 (2025•北京卷) Using an old 3D printer, Mark started experimenting. He melted (熔化) plastic bottles down and tried shaping them into small bricks. At first, everything went wrong — the plastic broke, the printer jammed, and the pieces didn’t fit together. Friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up. 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > With encouragement from his friends and parents, Mark built a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood after months of trial and error. 【答案】With encouragement from his friends and parents, Mark built a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood after months of trial and error. According to the passage, friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up; so this part With encouragement from his friends and parents is false. 【解析】考查推理判断正误。根据第三段“Friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up. (朋友们有点嘲笑，甚至Mark的父母都认为他应该放弃。)” 可知，Mark并没有得到朋友和父母的鼓励，所以“With encouragement from his friends and parents” 这部分是错误的。故填According to the passage, friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up; so this part With encouragement from his friends and parents is false. 易错分析： 整个句子都划上，是不可以的。要清晰划出错误的地方。而且解释的时候要注意也不可以整段抄，而要抄具体的正确句子，或者用自己的话解释清楚。 变式：(2024•北京卷) My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist. 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. 【答案】The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. It is because the author had acquired the collaborating skills by working with others there so that the adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success. 【解析】考查推理判断正误。根据最后一段“My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data.(我的导师认为这段经历是一次开创性的成功，强调了我获得的合作技能。几个月后，当我在家里的实验室里重复这个实验时，我得到了更多可发表的数据)”可知，导师认为作者在实验室的经历是一次开创性的成功，这是因为作者通过与他人合作获得了合作技能，而不是因为产生了可发表的数据。故答案：The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. 易错点3：小作文言之无物，或只写文章里的内容。 秘籍：结合自己对文章的理解和自己的生活和学习，进行合理阐释。 (2025•北京卷) 43．How can you put your imagination into practice as Mark and Sally did? (In about 40 words) 【答案】 First, spot a problem you care about. Then, experiment boldly or create. Learn relevant skills if needed, persist through setbacks, and ask friends or communities for help to keep trying despite difficulties to turn your ideas into real solutions. 【解析】考查开放性试题。结合Mark和Sally的故事，可知他们都是先发现问题或有想法，然后勇敢尝试，必要时学习相关技能，面对困难坚持不懈。故填First, spot a problem you care about. Then, experiment boldly or create. Learn relevant skills if needed, persist through setbacks, and ask friends or communities for help to keep trying despite difficulties to turn your ideas into real solutions. ： 易错分析： 只分析文章里的人物如何做的，不结合自己的实际生活或者学习。 变式：(2023•北京卷) What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits?(In about 40 words) 【答案】 I have a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Therefore, I can study energetically every morning, which makes me study efficiently. Also, I am very healthy. 【解析】开放试题，言之有理即可。题干问“你的一个好习惯给你带来了什么好处？（大约40个字）”，答案可以是：我有早睡早起的好习惯。因此，我可以每天早上精力充沛地学习，这使我学习效率高。而且，我很健康。故填I have a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Therefore, I can study energetically every morning, which makes me study efficiently. Also, I am very healthy.。 【押题新高考题型一】细节问题 1.（2026·北京市东城区·期末）History is full of stories suggesting that scientific breakthroughs happen suddenly, in a flash of inspiration. Perhaps the most famous of these concerns Isaac Newton, a physicist, who was supposedly sitting under a tree in his mother’s garden when an apple fell on his head. Thanks to this, Newton came up with his theory of gravity. Nearly two thousand years earlier, the mathematician and physicist Archimedes was struggling with a problem that nobody could find the answer to—how to accurately measure the volume of an object. When he noticed the water in his bathtub rising as he got in, the solution came to him. “Eureka” he reportedly declared, which means “I’ve found it” in Ancient Greek. Apparently, he was so excited by his discovery, which became very influential, that he jumped out of the bathtub and ran into the street to tell everyone! These two stories, both of which involve scientists suddenly solving problems that they’d been working on, have been told for centuries. People enjoy the simplicity of the stories when they think of the images of an apple falling from a tree or an old man jumping out of the bathtub. Perhaps the two stories even lead us to believe that we too can make great discoveries if we’re lucky enough to have our own “Eureka moment.” But, in reality, such discoveries usually follow years of hard work and serious scientific analysis, most of which isn’t of interest to people in the same way as the two stories mentioned previously. 40. When did Archimedes find the solution to the problem he was struggling with? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What do the two stories have in common? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. When he noticed the water in his bathtub rising as he got in. 41. Both involve scientists suddenly solving problems that they’d been working on. 【解析】 40.考查细节理解。根据第二段“Nearly two thousand years earlier, the mathematician and physicist Archimedes was struggling with a problem that nobody could find the answer to—how to accurately measure the volume of an object. When he noticed the water in his bathtub rising as he got in, the solution came to him.(大约两千年前，数学家和物理学家阿基米德正在努力解决一个没有人能找到答案的问题——如何准确地测量物体的体积。当他进入浴缸时，他注意到浴缸里的水在上升，他想到了解决办法)”可知，当阿基米德进去时发现浴缸里的水在上升，从而找到了解决他苦苦挣扎的问题的方法。故回答：When he noticed the water in his bathtub rising as he got in. 41.考查细节理解。根据第三段“These two stories, both of which involve scientists suddenly solving problems that they’d been working on, have been told for centuries.(这两个故事，都是关于科学家们突然解决了他们一直在研究的问题，已经被讲述了几个世纪)”可知，这两个故事的共同之处是两者都涉及科学家突然解决了他们一直在研究的问题。故回答：Both involve scientists suddenly solving problems that they’d been working on. 2.（2026·北京市西城区·期末）As a freshman, I had no idea how to become a scientist. The process felt cloudy and overwhelming. But things began to change after my first meeting with the professor who became my lab supervisor. Throughout college, she provided support professionally and personally. I became empowered and my confidence grew. 40. What change did the professor bring about in the author? 【答案】The professor empowered the author and boosted his/her confidence. 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段“Throughout college, she provided support professionally and personally. I became empowered and my confidence grew.(在整个大学期间，她不仅在专业上给予我支持，还在个人方面提供帮助。我备受鼓舞，信心也随之增强。)”可知，这位教授给了作者力量、提升了作者的自信，故答案为The professor empowered the author and boosted his/her confidence. 3.（2026·北京市海淀区·期末） With climate change and rapid urbanization, many cities are at the serious risk of flooding. To tackle this problem, Chinese researchers first proposed the “sponge city” concept — an urban planning strategy that uses nature to sustainably manage water, reducing reliance on concrete pipes and dams. 40. According to the passage, what does the “sponge city” concept refer to? 【答案】It refers to an urban planning strategy that uses nature to sustainably manage water, reducing reliance on concrete pipes and dams. 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段“To tackle this problem, Chinese researchers first proposed the “sponge city” concept — an urban planning strategy that uses nature to sustainably manage water, reducing reliance on concrete pipes and dams.( 为了解决这个问题，中国研究人员首先提出了“海绵城市”概念——一种利用自然可持续管理水资源的城市规划策略，减少了对混凝土管道和水坝的依赖)”可知，海绵城市指的是一种城市规划策略，利用自然来可持续地管理水资源，减少对混凝土管道和水坝的依赖。故答案为It refers to an urban planning strategy that uses nature to sustainably manage water, reducing reliance on concrete pipes and dams. 4.（2026·北京市朝阳区·期末） This phrase isn’t some modern, feel-good statement. It’s old. Really old. It’s been adopted as a motto by countless families, cities, and even used by space programs, which is beautifully literal. The phrase has lasted for centuries because it speaks to a fundamental truth: greatness is not born from comfort. 41. Why has the phrase “Ad Astra per Aspera” lasted for centuries? 【答案】Because it speaks to a fundamental truth that greatness is not born from comfort. 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The phrase has lasted for centuries because it speaks to a fundamental truth: greatness is not born from comfort(这句格言流传了数个世纪，因为它道出了一个基本真理：伟大并非源于安逸)”可知，该谚语流传数世纪的原因是它道出了“伟大并非源于安逸”这一基本真理。故填Because it speaks to a fundamental truth that greatness is not born from comfort. 【押题新高考题型二】判断正误解释原因题 1．（2026·北京市东城区·期末）These two stories, both of which involve scientists suddenly solving problems that they’d been working on, have been told for centuries. People enjoy the simplicity of the stories when they think of the images of an apple falling from a tree or an old man jumping out of the bathtub. Perhaps the two stories even lead us to believe that we too can make great discoveries if we’re lucky enough to have our own “Eureka moment.” But, in reality, such discoveries usually follow years of hard work and serious scientific analysis, most of which isn’t of interest to people in the same way as the two stories mentioned previously. 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. People are interested in Eureka stories because they admire the process of scientific discovery. 【答案】People are interested in Eureka stories because they admire the process of scientific discovery. They enjoy the simplicity of the stories. 【解析】考查推理判断正误。根据第三段“People enjoy the simplicity of the stories when they think of the images of an apple falling from a tree or an old man jumping out of the bathtub. Perhaps the two stories even lead us to believe that we too can make great discoveries if we’re lucky enough to have our own “Eureka moment.” But, in reality, such discoveries usually follow years of hard work and serious scientific analysis, most of which isn’t of interest to people in the same way as the two stories mentioned previously.(当人们想到苹果从树上掉下来或老人从浴缸里跳出来的画面时，就会喜欢这些故事的简单。也许这两个故事甚至让我们相信，如果我们足够幸运地拥有自己的“Eureka时刻”，我们也可以做出伟大的发现。但是，实际上，这些发现通常是经过多年的艰苦工作和认真的科学分析后得出的，其中大多数发现并不像前面提到的两个故事那样引起人们的兴趣)”可知，人们喜欢这些故事是因为其简单性，而非欣赏科学发现的实际过程；实际过程是漫长而艰苦的。故回答：People are interested in Eureka stories because they admire the process of scientific discovery.They enjoy the simplicity of the stories. 2.（2026·北京市西城区·期末） As our sessions continued, I still went into each one, worried that I would not be prepared to solve every problem my student encountered. What mattered most, I realized, was not to be some imaginary perfect teacher with all the answers, but to get to know my student including her hopes and ambitions, and offer whatever guidance and support I could, based on my own experiences. When I did not know the answer to an issue she raised, I was honest about it and did my best to listen, provide feedback, and allow her to determine her best course of action. Sometimes, I was there simply to provide a safe space to vent (发泄). I could help even when I did not have a solution. 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶According to the author, the most important thing was to have the answers to the student’s questions and provide her with support and guidance. 【答案】According to the author, the most important thing was to have the answers to the student’s questions and provide her with support and guidance. The author says what mattered most was not having all the answers but knowing the student, listening, and offering guidance based on shared experience. 【解析】考查推理判断正误。根据倒数第二段“What mattered most, I realized, was not to be some imaginary perfect teacher with all the answers, but to get to know my student including her hopes and ambitions, and offer whatever guidance and support I could, based on my own experiences.(但我逐渐意识到，最重要的是不要成为那个想象中无所不知的完美导师，而是要了解我的学生，包括她的希望和抱负，并根据我自己的经验，尽我所能地提供指导和支持。)”可知，错误的部分是“have the answers to the student’s questions”，故答案为According to the author, the most important thing was to have the answers to the student’s questions and provide her with support and guidance. The author says what mattered most was not having all the answers but knowing the student, listening, and offering guidance based on shared experience. 3.（2026·北京市海淀区·期末） This urban planning model has achieved widespread international recognition. In China, it was officially adopted as a nationwide policy in 2014, with cities like Wuhan and Beijing leading implementation efforts. Following devastating floods of a 2011 storm, the city of Copenhagen launched its own sponge city transformation plan. Fundamental to the strategy are green infrastructure (基础设施) elements, such as redesigned parks that serve as retention basins during heavy rains, along with blue infrastructure like the city’s extensive canal network to channel and store excess water. 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The sponge city transformation plan of Copenhagen involves building new parks and making use of its canal network. 【答案】The sponge city transformation plan of Copenhagen involves building new parks and making use of its canal network. The sponge city transformation plan of Copenhagen involves redesigning and making use of its canal network. 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第四段“Fundamental to the strategy are green infrastructure (基础设施) elements, such as redesigned parks that serve as retention basins during heavy rains, along with blue infrastructure like the city’s extensive canal network to channel and store excess water. (该战略的基础是绿色基础设施要素，如重新设计的公园，在暴雨期间充当蓄水池，以及蓝色基础设施，如该市广泛的运河网络，用于引导和储存多余的水)”可知，哥本哈根的海绵城市转型计划涉及重新设计和利用其运河网络。故答案为The sponge city transformation plan of Copenhagen involves building new parks and making use of its canal network. The sponge city transformation plan of Copenhagen involves redesigning and making use of its canal network. 4.（2026·北京市朝阳区·期末） The beauty of the phrase is that “the stars” are personal to you, but the message is universal: The journey to the stars is not a flight; it’s a climb up a jagged(崎岖的) mountain. 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The beauty of the phrase “Ad Astra per Aspera” is that both its message and the “Astra” are universal. 【答案】The beauty of the phrase “Ad Astra per Aspera” is that both its message and the “Astra” are universal. Explanation: According to the passage, the message of the phrase is universal, but “the stars” (Astra) are personal to each person. 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The beauty of the phrase is that ‘the stars’ are personal to you, but the message is universal(这句格言的精妙之处在于，“星辰” 的含义因人而异，但它传递的道理却具有普适性)”可知，“Astra”（即 the stars）是具有个体独特性的，并非普世的，只有传递的道理是普世的。故划both its message and the “Astra” are universal Explanation: According to the passage, the message of the phrase is universal, but “the stars” (Astra) are personal to each person. 【押题新高考题型三】小作文题 1．（2026·北京市东城区·期末）Apart from what is mentioned in the passage, what else contributes to problem-solving? (In about 40 words) 【答案】Other factors include teamwork for diverse ideas, persistence to overcome failures, and access to resources like books or tools. These help build knowledge and creativity, leading to better solutions beyond just focused thinking. 【解析】开放性问题。文中提到了分析性思维，除了这种思维外，要想成功还需要团队合作、克服失败的毅力、获取书籍或工具等资源。这些有助于建立知识和创造力，带来更好的解决方案，而不仅仅是集中思考。故回答：Other factors include teamwork for diverse ideas, persistence to overcome failures, and access to resources like books or tools. These help build knowledge and creativity, leading to better solutions beyond just focused thinking. 2.（2026·北京市西城区·期末）43. Give one example of your own real-life “mutual empowerment”. (In about 40 words) 【答案】I taught my friend Excel for budget tracking; she taught me public-speaking tricks. Both of us finished the semester stronger—she managed her finances, I nailed my presentation. 【解析】开放题。我的生活中“相互赋能”的例子是：我教朋友用Excel做预算追踪，她则传授我公开演讲的技巧。学期结束时，我们俩都收获满满——她学会了理财，我则成功完成了演讲展示。故答案为I taught my friend Excel for budget tracking; she taught me public-speaking tricks. Both of us finished the semester stronger—she managed her finances, I nailed my presentation. 3.（2026·北京市海淀区·期末）In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, what other way(s) would you propose to make your city more livable? (In about 40 words) 【答案】 We can optimize public transport to cut traffic jams and pollution, add community facilities like small libraries, and promote garbage classification to protect the urban ecological environment. 【解析】考查开放性表达。要求围绕“让城市更宜居”提出文章未提及的方法，答案不唯一，合理即可。我们可以优化公共交通，减少交通堵塞和污染，增加小型图书馆等社区设施，推广垃圾分类，保护城市生态环境。故答案为We can optimize public transport to cut traffic jams and pollution, add community facilities like small libraries, and promote garbage classification to protect the urban ecological environment. 4.（2026·北京市朝阳区·期末）How can “Aspera” lead you to “Astra”? (In about 40 words) 【答案】Aspera refers to real life struggles. They are not detours but the necessary path that leads us to our biggest dreams and best selves. 【解析】开放题。谈自己的理解。根据第三段的“Let’s break it down. The “Aspera” part means “hardships” or “difficulties”. This isn’t just about minor inconveniences. It refers to the real, painful struggles of life-failure, loss, and doubt. Our modern culture often teaches us to avoid pain at all costs, to seek the smoothest, easiest path. But “Ad Astra per Aspera” challenges that view. It suggests that the “Aspera” is not a detour from the path; it is the path.(我们来拆解一下这句话的含义。Aspera一词代表着 “重重磨难” 或 “种种困境”。这绝非指那些微不足道的小麻烦，而是指人生中真切而痛苦的挣扎 —— 失败、失去与迷茫。现代社会的主流观念往往告诫我们要不惜一切代价规避痛苦，去追寻那条最平坦、最轻松的捷径。但拉丁语格言 “Ad Astra per Aspera” 却对这种观念提出了质疑。它昭示着这样一个道理：磨难并非通往目标之路上的绕行歧途，而是这条路本身)”和第四段的“The stars represent your biggest dreams, and your best self. (星辰象征着你最远大的梦想，以及你最理想的自我模样)”可知，“Aspera”是人生的艰难困苦，它不是实现理想的阻碍，而是必经之路，能引导人们走向梦想和更好的自己。故填Aspera refers to life’s real struggles. It is not a detour but the very path that helps us grow and finally reach our biggest dreams and best selves. 语篇押题1 （2026·北京市丰台区·期末） Last year, when Andre Rouhani and Gabriela Reyes toured Culdesac Tempe, a rental development outside of Phoenix, the place looked pretty sweet. It had pleasant walkways, unique shops, and low white buildings. The only surprise came when Mr. Rouhani asked about resident parking and was told there was none. The couple had a baby on the way. “Long story short, we decided that all the pros outweigh the cons. It’s the best place I’ve ever lived,” Mr. Rouhani said. Modeled on towns in Italy and Greece, Culdesac Tempe is what its developer, Ryan Johnson, calls the country’s first neighborhood purposely built to be car free. Mr. Johnson said he wanted to offer a blueprint for living in a walkable place, even in a car-centric state. “This is completely different from the modern, conventional approach to development. It is a very big deal,” said Mr. Johnson. Culdesac’s buildings are designed for the desert climate, painted bright white to reflect heat. Without the need for residential parking, its architects arranged buildings to maximize shade and built narrow pathways to encourage breezes. “The pedestrian is the primary person,” said Alexandra Vondeling, the lead architect. While there’s a short-term parking lot for deliveries and guests, residents are expected to get around by the nearby light-rail system, buses and electric bikes. Living in a place without cars means the pace is slower, with more opportunity for connection, Mr. Rouhani said. In the days after their daughter was born, three neighbours brought a meal, dropped off cookies or offered to go buy them groceries. “We really feel supported and loved here,” he said. “It’s one of the best things we can do for climate, health and low cost of living, even low cost of government,” said Mr. Johnson, who lives at Culdesac, too. “It’s also a better lifestyle.” 40. Why was Andre Rouhani surprised when he first visited Culdesac Tempe? _______________________________________________ 41. What design features help Culdesac Tempe to adapt to the desert climate? _______________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Living in a place without cars, residents in Culdesac Tempe have limited social life. _______________________________________________ 43. How would you design your community as Ryan Johnson did to make it a better place to live in? (In about 40 words) _______________________________________________ 【答案】40. Because he was told that there was no resident parking in Culdesac Tempe. 41. The buildings are painted bright white to reflect heat, arranged to maximize shade and built with narrow pathways to encourage breezes. 42. False part: have limited social life According to the passage, living in a car-free place means a slower pace and more opportunities for connection. Mr. Rouhani received help and care from his neighbours after his daughter was born, which proves residents there have a rich social life. 43. I will build a car-free community with walkways and public spaces, paint buildings heat-reflective colors and provide convenient public transport for residents. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍美国首个无车社区Culdesac Tempe的设计特点、生活模式及居民的居住体验。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The only surprise came when Mr. Rouhani asked about resident parking and was told there was none. (唯一让鲁哈尼先生感到惊讶的是，当他询问居民停车位时，得到的答复是这里根本没有停车位。)”可知，他感到惊讶的原因是这个社区没有居民停车位。故答案为：Because he was told that there was no resident parking there. 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Culdesac’ buildings are designed for the desert climate, painted bright white to reflect heat. Without the need for residential parking, its architects arranged buildings to maximize shade and built narrow pathways to encourage breezes. (Culdesac的建筑专为沙漠气候设计，外墙被漆成亮白色以反射热量。由于不需要设置居民停车位，建筑师们合理布局建筑以最大化遮阳效果，并修建狭窄的小径来促进空气流通。)”可知，该社区适应沙漠气候的设计特点有三点。故答案为：The buildings are painted bright white to reflect heat, arranged to maximize shade and built with narrow pathways to encourage breezes. 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Living in a place without cars means the pace is slower, with more opportunity for connection, Mr. Rouhani said. In the days after their daughter was born, three neighbours brought a meal, dropped off cookies or offered to go buy them groceries. (鲁哈尼先生说，住在没有汽车的地方意味着生活节奏更慢，人与人之间有更多交流的机会。在他们女儿出生后的几天里，有三位邻居送来了饭菜、饼干，还主动提出帮他们采购日用品。)”可知，无车社区的居民社交生活更丰富，而非受限。需划出的错误部分：have limited social life. According to the passage, living in a car-free place means a slower pace and more opportunities for connection, and Mr. Rouhani got help and care from his neighbours, which shows residents there have a rich social life. 【43题详解】 开放性试题。我将打造一个无车社区，配套建设步行道与公共活动区域，为建筑外立面涂刷热反射涂料，并为居民提供便捷的公共交通服务。故答案为：I will build a car-free community with walkways and public spaces, paint buildings heat-reflective colors and provide convenient public transport for residents. 语篇押题2 （2026·北京市石景山区·期末） On Lin’s shelf stands a plain white ceramic mug (陶瓷杯). At first glance it seems ordinary, yet it quietly carries the story of her friendship with Hana. They met in Grade Three, when Hana transferred to Lin’s school. On her first day, Hana forgot her water bottle. At lunchtime, Lin shyly pushed a new mug across the desk and murmured, “You can use mine.” From then on, they did homework together, shared secrets and gradually became inseparable. In senior high, things changed. Lin joined the student union and was constantly busy with meetings and events. Hana felt increasingly left out. One weekend, Hana went to Lin’s home, determined to talk seriously. Their conversation, however, quickly turned into a heated argument. As Hana stood up, her hand hit the shelf. The white mug fell and shattered (破碎) on the floor. Shaken, Hana gathered the pieces with trembling fingers. Hurt and speechless, Hana took the broken pieces with her and left. From that day on, they barely spoke. Months later, on Lin’s seventeenth birthday, memories of their shared laughter returned, leaving an unexpected ache in her chest. Just then, the doorbell rang. To her surprise, Hana was standing there with a small paper bag. After she left, Lin opened the bag. Inside was a white ceramic mug, identical to the one that had been broken, and a small card: “I’m sorry. I know I can’t bring back the old mug, but I hope we can start again. If you still need a friend, I’m here.” Holding the mug, Lin finally smiled. 40. Why did Lin push Hana a mug when they first met? ________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What did Hana do when she felt left out? ________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. On Lin’s seventeenth birthday, she received a gift, the white ceramic mug that had been broken by Hana. ________________________________________________________________________________ 43. From this story, what can you learn about “friendship”? (In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Because Hana forgot her water bottle on her first day of transferring to Lin’s school. 41. She went to Lin’s home one weekend and wanted to have a serious talk with Lin. 42. On Lin’s seventeenth birthday, she received a gift, the white ceramic mug that had been broken by Hana. Explanation: Inside was a white ceramic mug, identical to the one that had been broken. 43. Friendship may have conflicts, but sincere apologies and willingness to reconcile can help repair the broken relationship. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述林和哈娜因一只陶瓷杯串联起的友谊破裂与重归于好的故事。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “They met in Grade Three, when Hana transferred to Lin’s school. On her first day, Hana forgot her water bottle. At lunchtime, Lin shyly pushed a new mug across the desk (她们在三年级相识，那时哈娜转学到了林的学校。开学第一天，哈娜忘了带水壶。午饭时，林害羞地把一个新杯子推到了桌子对面).” 可知，林给哈娜递杯子的原因是哈娜转学第一天忘带水壶。故填Because Hana forgot her water bottle on her first day of transferring to Lin’s school. 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “Hana felt increasingly left out. One weekend, Hana went to Lin’s home, determined to talk seriously (哈娜越来越觉得被冷落。一个周末，哈娜去了林的家，决心要好好谈一谈).” 可知，哈娜感到被冷落之后的做法是周末去林家，打算和林认真谈一次。故填She went to Lin’s home one weekend and wanted to have a serious talk with Lin. 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中的 “Inside was a white ceramic mug, identical to the one that had been broken (袋子里是一个白色的陶瓷杯，和之前打碎的那个一模一样).” 可知，林收到的是一个和打碎的杯子一模一样的新杯子，并非之前被打碎的那一个。故答案为On Lin’s seventeenth birthday, she received a gift, the white ceramic mug that had been broken by Hana. Explanation: Inside was a white ceramic mug, identical to the one that had been broken. 【43题详解】 开放性试题。通读全文可知，林和哈娜的友谊因忙碌产生隔阂、因争吵破裂，又因哈娜的道歉和新杯子重归于好。由此可总结出友谊的道理：友谊或许会有矛盾，但真诚的歉意和想要和好的心意能修复破裂的关系。故填Friendship may have conflicts, but sincere apologies and willingness to reconcile can help repair the broken relationship. 2 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $