秘籍04 阅读理解（抢分秘籍）（北京专用） 2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲练测

专题04 阅读理解 目录 一、阅读理解应试秘籍.......................................................................... ..................................................................01 二、阅读理解误区点拨........................................................................ ................ ........................... .........................01 三、抢分通关.............................................................................................................................. .........................07 四、语篇押题................................................................... ...................................................................... .............14 秘籍：阅读理解解题，突破口是先题后文，定位信息，拒绝主观臆断 具体步骤如下： 第一步：先题后文，圈划关键词 拿到文章先看题目，划出核心名词、动词、限定词（如时间、地点、数字、否定词），带着目标去读文，避免无效阅读。 第二步：定位原文，找同义替换 回到文中寻找与关键词意思相同、表达不同的句子，答案必在原文对应处，切忌凭记忆或感觉选择。 第三步：区分题型，精准解题 1. 细节题：严格对应原文，一一核对，注意关键词的对应，信息的同义替换，避开偷换概念、扩大范围的陷阱。 2. 主旨题：关注首段、尾段、各段首句，排除细节信息，提炼核心观点，注意遵从文章主旨大意，树立主线思维。 3. 推理题：忠于原文进行逻辑推断，答案绝不是原文原话，也不能是过度发散的主观想象，避免张冠李戴、颠倒黑白，扩缩范围等陷阱。 4. 词义 / 句意题：结合上下文逻辑（转折、因果、并列）推断，不凭常识、不望文生义，利用上下文、构词法等方法进行推断。 易错点1：混淆细节，张冠李戴 秘籍：盯死限定词（时间、地点、程度、范围），不以偏概全或者张冠李戴。注意选项与原文在程度、范围、时态上的一致性，很多是同义词或者近义词替换。 (2025•北京卷) Programming Tracks ·Agricultural Science: Introducing you to areas such as biology, urban farming, and environmental science so that you can explore the field of agriculture ·Community Booster: Guiding you to develop innovative solutions for real-world challenges and create transformative progress to benefit all communities ·Healthy Living: Empowering you to make healthy decisions in such areas as nutrition and emotional well-being, and lead healthy lifestyles ·Science Lab: Leading you to explore the skills you need to succeed in life in key areas like computer science, robotics, and physics 23．What can the teens do in the Programming Tracks? A．Build urban communities. B．Serve as guides on a farm. C．Learn about healthy living. D．Volunteer in a science lab. 【答案】 C 【解析】细节理解题。根据“Programming Tracks”部分 “Healthy Living: Empowering you to make healthy decisions in such areas as nutrition and emotional well-being, and lead healthy lifestyles(健康生活：让你在营养和心理健康等方面做出健康的决定，并引领健康的生活方式)” 可知，青少年在Programming Tracks中可以学习关于健康生活的知识。故选C。 易错分析：A：文中Guiding you to develop innovative solutions for real-world challenges and create transformative progress to benefit all communities是解决社区问题，不是 “建造城市社区”。 B：文中Introducing you to areas such as biology, urban farming, and environmental science so that you can explore the field of agriculture是了解urban farming，不是 “在农场当向导”。 D：文中Leading you to explore the skills you need to succeed in life in key areas like computer science, robotics, and physics是探索科学实验室技能，不是 “在实验室做志愿者”。 易错之处在于，每个选项原文都有一些词在原文出现，但是会有关键的词上的不同，比如A选项，communities在原文可以找到，但是关键细节有不同，选项中是build urban（建造城市（社区）），原文是benefit all(受益所有（社会）)。因此不能选A。北京卷这种细微的差别特别要关注，否则就容易出现简单的AB篇也做错的情况。 变式1： (2024•北京卷) Requirements for completion: •One welcoming session on the second Friday of the term •18 weekly one-hour pair meetings •Weekly progress reports for all pair meetings •At least three pair-teacher meetings •One five-minute final video 22．To complete the programme, students are required to _________. A．development tests B．participate in pair meetings C．welcome new students D．work on weekly videos 【答案】 B 【解析】细节理解题。根据Requirements for completion部分第二点“18 weekly one-hour pair meetings(每周18次一小时的配对会议)”可知，为了完成该项目，学生们被要求参加配对会议。故选B。 易错分析： A．development tests：原文未提及任何发展测试相关内容，属于无中生有，直接排除。C．welcome new students：原文仅要求一场迎新环节（welcoming session），并非要求学生去迎接新生，主体和任务均偷换概念，排除。D．work on weekly videos：原文仅要求一个五分钟最终视频，并非每周制作视频，细节数量、频率完全不符，排除。 变式2： (2026•西城一模) Loved Before The first eco-friendly, fully sustainable soft toy adoption agency "Several years back, during my time as a volunteer at a charity shop, I observed the arrival of second-hand toys at the store. These pre-loved toys, often handed over with cherished memories and emotional significance, were carelessly cast aside, sometimes became dog toys or, even more dishearteningly, destined for the landfill. It became evident to me how the love, lively life, and stories of these eco-toys were at risk of being lost and forgotten in an instant. That was when Loved Before was born with the mission to revolutionize our perspective on sustainable toys." ----Charlotte, Founder 21. What inspired Charlotte to start Loved Before? A. The improper treatment of old toys. B. The new attitude toward dog toys. C. The profits from charities. D. The donations from kids. 【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。文中提到，根据“Several years back, during my time as a volunteer at a charity shop, I observed the arrival of second-hand toys at the store. These pre-loved toys, often handed over with cherished memories and emotional significance, were carelessly cast aside, sometimes became dog toys or, even more dishearteningly, destined for the landfill”可知，Charlotte 在慈善商店做志愿者时，发现二手玩具被随意丢弃、被当作狗狗玩具，甚至被扔进垃圾填埋场，可断定这些充满回忆的旧玩具没有得到妥善对待，让她创立了 Loved Before。和答案A The improper treatment of old toys旧玩具被不当处理对应，所以选择A。 易错分析：B 错误：文章提到了dog toys, 是指不被正确对待的玩具有时成了狗狗玩具，所以创立组织并非针对狗狗玩具的态度。C 错误：charities在文中提及时指Charlotte 在慈善商店做过志愿者，但未提及慈善利润。D 错误：组织的建立与孩子的捐赠无关。 易错点2：误把细节当主旨 秘籍：主旨题要覆盖全文，具有概括性和高度。注重文章整体，查看上下文逻辑。 错误原因：选项只概括了文章某一段或者某一部分的主要内容，被误选为全文主旨。 (2025•北京卷) The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. For many years, psychologists saw identity as a combination of someone’s values, beliefs, goals and social roles. Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. Our life story is something that starts coming together in our teenage years, when we begin to organise our lives into chapters around key events or life changes, and begin to see ourselves as both the central character and, to a varying extent, the story’s author. People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity, and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose. Such people show greater overall life satisfaction, too. Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes. He discovered that whether someone describes having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of a person’s mental health. Another key theme involves finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events. “People could talk about gaining knowledge or personal growth,” says Johnson. His research shows that this is often missing for people with mental health conditions. The good news is that there is evidence we can learn to change our own story. Lisa Green, another researcher, sounds a few notes of caution (谨慎). For instance, hearing about the power of redemptive (拯救性的) stories, many people may feel forced to find a positive angle on horrible events. She says that Western culture already pushes people to look for the silver lining behind every cloud. If you want to turn over a new leaf, though, one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that signals the start of a new “chapter”. Contrary to popular doubt, resolutions made on I January are more effective for this reason. So, whether your goal is saving money or getting fit, there is no better time to become the author of our own destiny (命运). 34．What is the passage mainly about? A．How self-identity works. B．How story-tellers are made. C．How personal stories raise doubts. D．How timing affects personal identity. 【答案】 A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. (“认识你自己”这一呼吁自古便有，但我们对自己的认知并不总是与他人对我们的看法相吻合。思考我们讲述的关于自己的故事，能帮助我们以更好的方式改变自己的想法。)”和第二段中“Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. (然后，在20世纪80年代，鲍勃·约翰逊创造了身份的生活故事模型，他提出，在我们的一生中，这些核心特征与我们的记忆一起构建了一个个人故事，我们通过这个故事来理解我们的生活。)”以及第四段中“Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes. (约翰逊还研究了幸福感与某些故事主题之间的联系。)”可推知，全文围绕“个人生活故事如何构建自我认知并影响幸福感”展开，分析了其形成、作用及相关研究。“How self-identity works. (自我认同是如何运作的。)”符合文意。故选A。 易错分析：B. How story-tellers are made.有高频词story，但全文不是讲 “讲故事的人” 怎么来，偏离核心。 C. How personal stories raise doubts.有高频词personal stories,但是只在倒数第二段提到一点谨慎，不是全文主旨。 D. How timing affects personal identity.错在timing 只是最后一段小细节，不能概括全文。 变式：(2024•北京卷) Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense. The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group’s history and environment. Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised. These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving. Our social instincts (本能) include the intense desire to belong. The approval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked. These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behaviour according to the norms and values of our family and our community. More generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world. The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self-care. Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food gathering and dangers to avoid. Good habits save time, energy and sometimes your life. Good social habits do something similar in a social context. We learn to tell the truth, even when lying is self-serving; we help a grandparent even when it is inconvenient. We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong. Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much. Hence self-discipline is advantageous. In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the physical world. These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways. 34．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures B．The Values of Self-discipline C．Brains: Walls Against Chaos D．The Roots of Morality 【答案】D 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans.(弗朗兹·博厄斯对19世纪因纽特人生活的描述说明了早期人类可能的道德准则)”以及文章内容可知，本文围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论，主要介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题解决机制中，所以“道德的起源”适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 A. Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures错因：以偏概全，细节当主旨。文中仅在第二段提及“道德美德的跨文化共性”，这只是论述道德起源的一个分论点，并非全文核心。文章并非重点讲解美德如何成为文化桥梁，只是用该细节佐证道德的普遍性，无法统领全文内容。B. The Values of Self-discipline 错因：范围过小，仅为局部细节。self-discipline（自律）仅在最后一段短短一句话中被提及，是道德规范带来的一个次要优势，全文未围绕自律的价值展开论述，属于典型的局部细节干扰项，完全不能概括主旨。C. Brains: Walls Against Chaos错因：偷换概念，偏离核心话题。文中虽提到大脑助力自我控制、塑造道德行为，但核心话题是道德，而非“大脑”；且“抵御混乱的壁垒”并非文章论述重点，大脑只是道德形成的机制之一，并非全文核心对象，偏离主题。 易错点3：情绪、写作目的推断偏差 秘籍：仔细揣摩文章情绪变化，挖掘文章背后的意义，推测作者的写作目的，遵循主旨选择。 (2025•北京卷) Not too long ago, on a cold winter night, there was a teenager who wanted more screen time and a parent who said no. The teenager was advocating for her right to scroll (翻屏) for an extra 30 minutes. The parent argued that none of her friends’ parents let them have screens after 9 o’clock. “I thought, in this family, we don’t compare ourselves with other people, Dad?” the teenager replied. The parent — who was me, by the way — just got served. Since they were young, I have told my kids not to compare themselves with other people. I have argued countless times that comparisons are the “thief of joy”. Although my daughter didn’t win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given. In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is to repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances. But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy. 28．How did the author feel about his daughter’s argument? A．Excited. B．Inspired. C．Energized. D．Relieved. 【答案】 B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Although my daughter didn’t win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given. (虽然我女儿没有赢，但她确实帮助揭露了我曾经给出的最糟糕的建议之一。)” 以及后文作者对社会比较的重新思考可知，作者从女儿的争论中得到了启发。故选B。 易错分析：D. Relieved词义理解偏差：relieved 侧重 “松了口气、安心”，多指担忧、紧张消除，文中作者并无焦虑情绪需要缓解，只是被孩子的话点醒。语境逻辑误判：作者并非因争论结束、压力消失而释怀，而是触发了深度反思，是 “受启发、被触动” 的心态，而非放松释然。 变式：(2024•北京卷) In secondary school, art was my favourite subject. Since I loved it so much I thought I was good at it. For the art O-level exam I had to present an oil painting. I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I’d been over-confident. Now I’d been declared talentless. 24．How did the author feel about the result of the art exam? A．Scared. B．Worried. C．Discouraged. D．Wronged. 【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I’d been over-confident. Now I’d been declared talentless.(我觉得很难，但仍希望能通过测试。我没有通过，而且成绩很低。我过于自信了。现在，我被宣布为毫无(油画)天赋的人了)”并结合下文中作者多年不碰油画的经历可推知，作者对美术考试的结果感到气馁。故选C。 【押题新高考题型一】细节理解题 1.(2025•北京卷) Completing many courses no longer brings out the feeling of success because more than four AP classes per year is a norm set by top universities. Determined to follow my instincts (本能) on what I felt success means, I only chose two classes that I knew I would enjoy. The feeling of success was no longer attached to what grade I received but to the pure joy of learning. 25．The author chose fewer AP classes because of _______. A．her own understanding of success B．her desire for academic challenges C．her strong urge to follow the crowd D．her dream of entering a top university 【答案】 A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Determined to follow my instincts (本能) on what I felt success means, I only chose two classes that I knew I would enjoy. (我决心追随自己对成功的直觉理解，只选择了两门我确信自己会喜欢的课程。)”可知，作者选择较少的AP课程是因为她自己对成功的理解。故选A。 2. (2025•北京卷) Schedule of Programming 17 JulyTime                 Activities 14:00-15:00      Lead to Change Kick-off 15:00-16:30      Programme Showcase 16:30-18:00      Track Workshops 18 JulyTime                 Activities 9:30-11:00        Career Fireside Chats 13:00-14:15       Youth Panel 14:15-16:20       Track Keynotes 19 JulyTime                 Activities 8:00-12:00       Off-site Experiences 13:00-15:00      Gallery Viewing 15:15-16:45      Adult Workshops 20 JulyTime                 Activities 9:00-11:15         Explore Workshops 13:30-16:00        Keynote Speech 16:15-17:00        Celebration 22．According to the schedule, which activity can the teens participate in? A．Keynote Speech on 17 July. B．Youth Panel on 18 July. C．Celebration on 19 July. D．Programme Showcase on 20 July. 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据“Schedule of Programming”中的安排，18 July 的活动安排里有“13:00 - 14:15 Youth Panel(13:00 - 14:15 青少年小组讨论)”，所以青少年可以在 18 日参加青少年小组讨论活动。故选B。 3. (2025•北京卷) Experience TransForm TransForm allows you to get to focus on your chosen track through subject matter talks, hands-on workshops, and off-site experiences. However, if you are unsure what track you want, you still get to explore any workshop you want as part of our Explore Workshops. Besides, your parents will also be able to participate in workshops selected just for them to learn about cutting-edge science. 21．TransForm allows the teens to____________. A．select workshops for their parents B．prepare track topics for the camp C．design programme activities D．attend hands-on sessions 【答案】 D 【解析】 细节理解题。根据“Experience TransForm”部分“TransForm allows you to get to focus on your chosen track through subject matter talks, hands-on workshops, and off - site experiences.(TransForm 让你通过主题演讲、实践工作坊和实地体验，专注于你选择的方向)” 可知，TransForm 允许青少年参加实践课程。故选D。 4. (2025•北京卷)Throughout our Junior year, my classmates and I have been worried about what colleges will see when they look at our whole life story reduced to a single 200-word essay. Will the golden word “success” form in their minds when they review our achievements? Or will they see the big word “fail” in red? The shadow of this mysterious (神秘的) institution steals away what success means to us. 24．Throughout the Junior year, what was the author’s major concern? A．Pressure from choosing AP classes. B．Performance in group interviews. C．Competition with seniors. D．Recognition by colleges. 【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段前几句可知：在整个高三期间，我和我的同学们一直担心，当大学将我们的整个人生故事浓缩成一篇200字的短文时，他们会看到什么。当他们回顾我们的成就时，脑海中会浮现出‘成功’这个金灿灿的词汇吗？还是会看到用红色标注的‘失败’这个醒目的大字？)”可知，作者在高三年级主要担心的是大学对他们的认可。故选D。 5. (2024•北京卷) The Language Exchange Programme allows students in pairs to communicate in two different languages they wish to share and learn each week. Students record short entries after each partner meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed. Each pair of students meets three times throughout the term with a teacher who decides if the exchange is effective. Students who successfully complete the programme will receive one credit each. 21．In the programme, students will _________. A．chair daily meetings B．evaluate the exchange C．meet teachers each week D．practise their language skills 【答案】 D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段前两句可知：语言交流项目让学生们两人一组，每周用他们希望分享和学习的两种不同的语言进行交流。学生们在每次搭档会议后记录简短的条目，指出所练习的语言技能和讨论的主题，可知，在这个项目中，学生们将练习他们的语言技能。故选D。 【押题新高考题型二】推理判断题 1. (2024•北京卷) The notion that we live in someone else’s video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation — a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge. 28．What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis? A．Make an assumption. B．Illustrate an argument. C．Give a suggestion. D．Justify a comparison. 【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段可知：搜索“模拟假说”这一术语会得到许多关于宇宙是否是计算机模拟的争论结果——一些科学家实际上认真对待这个概念。不幸的是，这不是一个科学问题。我们可能永远都不知道这是不是真的。相反，我们可以利用这个想法来推进科学知识)”可知，作者对于模拟假说提出质疑，是为了提出自己的建议，建议使用这一想法来推进科学知识。故选C项。 2. (2024•北京卷)The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. 30．As for Kant’s argument, the author is _________. A．appreciative B．doubtful C．unconcerned D．disapproving 【答案】 A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段可知：18世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙最终由不可知的事物本身组成。虽然他认为客观现实是存在的，但他说，我们的大脑在构建和塑造我们的感知方面发挥着必要的作用)”以及第三段：因此，如果我们接受宇宙是不可知的，我们也接受我们永远不会知道我们是否生活在计算机模拟中，进一步推理可知，作者引用康德的观点，并在客观陈述后利用该观点来构建自己的论述，由此可知，作者对康德的论点持欣赏的态度。故选A项。 3. (2023•北京卷) Sitting in the garden for my friend’s birthday. I felt a buzz (振动) in my pocket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you…” and my vision blurred (模糊). The position—measuring soil quality in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergraduate research programme — had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for. 24. How did the author feel upon seeing the email sender’s name? A. Anxious. B. Angry. C. Surprised. D. Settled. 【答案】 A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you…”and my vision blurred (模糊). (当我看到邮件发件人的名字时，我的心跳加速了。这封邮件是这样开头的：“亲爱的格林先生，感谢您的关注”，“审核过程比预期的要长。”信的结尾是“我们很抱歉地通知你……”，我的视线模糊了)”可知，收到的是被拒绝的邮件，所以推测作者在看到电子邮件发件人的名字时感到焦虑。故选A。 4. (2026•海淀一模) Part of meritocracy’s moral appeal is its power to justify the existing social order. On top of that, it also offers flattery. Where success is determined by merit, each win can be viewed as a reflection of personal worth and worldly failures become signs of personal weaknesses. 33. The author feels meritocracy’s moral appeal is ______. A. erroneous B. justified C. practical D. groundless 【答案】 A 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Part of meritocracy’s moral appeal is its power to justify the existing social order. On top of that, it also offers flattery. Where success is determined by merit, each win can be viewed as a reflection of personal worth and worldly failures become signs of personal weaknesses.(优绩主义的道德吸引力部分在于它为现有社会秩序辩护的能力。除此之外，它还提供了奉承。在成功由才能决定的地方，每一次胜利都可以看作是个人价值的反映，而世俗的失败则成为个人弱点的标志。)”以及最后一段“Meritocracy ought to be abandoned both as a belief about how the world works and as a general social ideal. It’s false, and believing in it encourages selfishness, discrimination and indifference to the struggles of the unfortunate.(优绩主义作为一种关于世界如何运作的信念和一种普遍的社会理想，都应该被摒弃。它是错误的，相信它会鼓励自私、歧视和对不幸者挣扎的冷漠。)”可知，作者认为优绩主义的道德吸引力是错误的。故选A项。 【押题新高考题型三】主旨大意题 1. (2024•北京卷) Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense. 34．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures B．The Values of Self-discipline C．Brains: Walls Against Chaos D．The Roots of Morality 【答案】D 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans.(弗朗兹·博厄斯对19世纪因纽特人生活的描述说明了早期人类可能的道德准则)”以及文章内容可知，本文围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论，主要介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题解决机制中，所以“道德的起源”适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 2. (2023•北京卷) Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. An invitation is a reputation. B. An innovation is a resolution. C. A rejection can be a redirection. D. A reflection can be a restriction 【答案】C 【解析】根据最后一段“我明白了有时候我需要抓住提供的机会，即使这些机会在当时听起来并不完美，也要充分利用，而不是一成不变地制定计划”，再结合文章中作者结合自己被拒绝后得到了更好的职业发展机会，告诉我们最初的拒绝给予了更好的方向。故C选项“拒绝可以是重定向”最符合文章的主旨。故选C。 3. (2023•北京卷) As a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn’t send ships; they would invent climate change. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary. Older people today, for example, can remember a time with insect-covered car windscreens after long drives. Children, on the other hand, have no idea that insect population has dropped dramatically. 29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Climate change has been forgotten. B. Lessons of history are highly valued. C. The human mind is bad at noting slow change. D. Humans are unwilling to admit their shortcomings. 【答案】C 【解析】段落主旨题。根据最后一段中第一句可知，一位心理学家曾经开玩笑说，如果外星人想要削弱人类，他们会发明气候变化，通过这种方式来削弱人类，因为人们对于气候变化形成一种集体的“记忆不良”，认为他们所遇到的情况没什么异常的，由此可推知人们不擅长察觉出缓慢的变化，故选C。 4. (2026•东城一模) Rewilding is a simple concept: areas of wilderness are identified for restoration, native animals and plants are reintroduced, and natural processes take over. The term was coined in the 1990s. Much like nature, language undergoes continuous transformation. To some, rewilding now incorporates the idea of building “corridors” so that species can cross from one area of wilderness to another, as they would have done in pre-human times. To others, it is about letting “natural chaos” take over, meaning any human interference is prohibited. 34. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Rewilding: One Step at a Time B. Rewilding: Back to the Unknown C. Rewilding: A Race against Limits D. Rewilding: The Recall of the Wild 【答案】D 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Rewilding is a simple concept: areas of wilderness are identified for restoration, native animals and plants are reintroduced, and natural processes take over. (“再野生化”是一个简单的概念：确定需要恢复的荒野区域，重新引入本地动植物，让自然过程接管。)”可知，文章主要讨论了“再野生化”这一概念，包括其定义、公众看法、好处以及面临的挑战，D项“再野生化：荒野的回归”符合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 【押题新高考题型四】词义推断题 1. (2024•北京卷) If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box. 29．What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Accepted by. B．Determined by. C．Awakened by. D．Discovered by. 【答案】B 【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段可知：如果经验不能揭示现实，推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于contingent on我们的社会、文化和心理历史的概念和词语)”可知，句中that引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词concepts and words，且结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史，推测划线短语表示“取决于”，与determined by意义相近。故选B项。 2. (2023•北京卷) Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life’s endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same principles could give rise to truly inventive machines. 32. What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Shocked. B. Protected. C. Attracted. D. Challenged. 【答案】C 【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文可知，人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，说明人工智能和ALife二者间有共同之处，可推测是因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引，所以才有了这种观点。故划线词意为“吸引”。故选C。 3. (2026•朝阳一模) The epistemologist’s attention to knowing resonated (引起共鸣) in physicist Andrea Califano’s precision-medicine discoveries in cancer biology. His philosopher-physicist mind is the creative ground to discover new treatments for cancer. “A lot of ideas end up being very, very simple-minded in hindsight. But it’s very difficult to foresee whether simple-minded ideas will work in the end. There’s nothing magical about what we do. It’s just that nobody had kind of thought of cancer in this way,” said Califano. 31. What does the word “hindsight” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Innovative mindset. B. Blind-minded thinking. C. Long-term perspective. D. Reflective understanding. 【答案】D 【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段“A lot of ideas end up being very, very simple-minded in hindsight. But it’s very difficult to foresee whether simple-minded ideas will work in the end. (很多想法最终都非常非常简单。但很难预见到这些简单的想法最终是否会奏效。)”可知，很多想法在事后看来很简单，但在当时很难预见其是否有效。由此可知，hindsight表示“事后看来，反思性的理解”，与D项“Reflective understanding（反思性的理解）”意思一致。故选D项。 语篇押题1 【新语境】（2026 北京市海淀区 一模）Eager to run your own company? Venture is your perfect choice! It helps you become an excellent leader and public speaker, build lifelong connections with peers and technological professionals, and gain real-world learning beyond academics. What You’ll Learn & Do ·Week 1: Break limiting mindsets, present ideas, form teams by group vote, and create a proof-of-concept with coaches’ support. ·Week 2: Polish ideas via user engagement, build a Minimum Viable Product, and learn branding and visual design to launch a landing page. ·Week 3: Enter the market, showcase products, and master marketing, sales and ad creation to gain customers. ·Week 4: Craft story-driven presentations and practice delivering them to investors confidently. Demo Day Present your company to a panel of investors. Teams are judged on product-market fit, market size, growth and presentation, with awards for Most Outstanding Company and Best Entrepreneur (企业家). Extracurriculars Enjoy tailored leisure activities and mental health conversations with a licensed therapist during the program. Online On-site Start date July 10, 2026 June 15, 2026 End date August 8, 2026 July 12, 2026 Schedule Classes 8 AM to 11 AM Full-time program Features ·Guidance from accomplished start-up founders in all time zones ·Teamwork throughout the day ·Group leisure activities ·Flexible schedule ·Classes in a top college campus ·All meals, including vegetarian options ·Housing near campus ·Group leisure activities in the city 21. Venture is intended to help students ______. A. release their academic potential B. land a job in the tech industry C. develop business-building skills D. network with public speakers 22. What will participants do during the program? A. Craft stories on a landing page. B. Work in teams assigned by coaches. C. Attend weekly mental health talks. D. Display their products in the market. 23. Unlike the on-site program, the online program ______. A. requires full-time commitment B. provides leisure activities C. invites entrepreneurs worldwide D. features individual learning 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. C 【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一个网络课程，它能帮助学习者成为出色的领导者和公众演说家，与同行和技术专业人士建立终身联系，并在学术之外获得真正的实践经验。 21. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Eager to run your own company? Venture is your perfect choice! It helps you become an excellent leader and public speaker, build lifelong connections with peers and technological professionals, and gain real-world learning beyond academics. (想要自己创业吗？“创业”课程正是您的理想之选！它能帮助您成为出色的领导者和公众演说家，与同行和技术专业人士建立终身联系，并在学术之外获得真正的实践经验。)”可知，该课程培养商业创业运营技能。故选C项。 22. 细节理解题。根据What You’ll Learn & Do部分“Week 3: Enter the market, showcase products, and master marketing, sales and ad creation to gain customers. (第3周：进入市场，展示产品，掌握营销、销售和广告创作以吸引客户。)”可知，参与者会在市场上展示他们的产品。故选D项。 23. 细节理解题。根据表格中Features部分“Guidance from accomplished start-up founders in all time zones (来自不同时区的资深创业者的指导)”可知，作为线上项目可以邀请全球各地的创业者进行分享指导。Entrepreneurs对应start-up founders，worldwide对应all time zones。 B 【新语境】（2026 北京市海淀区 期末）Papa and I bonded over games of any style. One of the items that Papa considered worthy was a checkered, 8x8 grid of wood. This board fostered all of our Saturday chess games. “Check!” I boasted. “Oh dear...” Papa said, studying the board. He slid his knight in front of his king, protecting it from danger. “Checkmate,” he smirked (得意地笑). It was over. He had won. Following the game, I awaited our ritual discussion. Pots and pans clanged around us, but he was focused on how I could improve. Papa never went easy on me in chess games. He provided me with the tools to win on my own. My skills were improving, but his seemed to do the opposite. Throughout many years of games, I had an occasional win, usually meaning he wasn’t feeling well. In his last years of life, the Papa I knew was slowly and painfully stolen from me by Alzheimer’s. As his once keen mind started to fog, our relationship began to change and adapt. Our games transitioned from chess to checkers (国际跳棋). The Saturdays rolled by routinely, until one snowy morning in January. As the game progressed, Papa moved a piece, not seeing that it opened up a double jump for me. Jump. Jump. I had taken two of his pieces. Jump. Another piece was taken. My stack of pieces piled up. However, a moment that was supposed to bring me pride was causing my stomach to twist and turn. Something seemed off. I had rarely gotten to the point in a game against my brilliant Papa where I had the potential to win. His eyes were still concentrated on the board, attempting to think through his next move. He put his hand on another piece, shifting it and opening up a triple jump for me. Is he letting me win? This can’t be right. I kept setting up moves, all in hopes of his clever mind, fogged with disease, acknowledging them. Desperate to see the signature smirk, just one more time, I continued to try. He couldn’t do it, but he smiled, bringing a bittersweet end to our final game. Although Alzheimer’s stole my Papa’s intellectual mind, it was not capable of thieving us of the beautiful moments we had. Ending in a draw, we both won the final game. 24. What is Papa’s teaching principle? A. Encourage discovery; don’t deliver victory. B. Acquired skill outshines natural talent. C. Embrace failure; don’t shelter from it. D. Learning requires strict discipline. 25. What caused the author’s stomach to twist and turn? A. He disliked playing checkers. B. He felt guilty for defeating Papa. C. He feared losing his winning lead. D. He noticed Papa’s decline in health, 26. What was the author most likely thinking to himself when the last game ended? A. “I can finally beat Papa now!” B. “I should have lost to Papa.” C. “How I wish Papa had won!” D. “Papa has let me win again.” 27. What can we learn from the passage? A. True love lasts through changes. B. Wisdom is passed on beyond words. C. Nobody comes out on top in a draw. D. Nothing connects like shared passion. 【答案】24. A 25. D 26. C 27. A 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者与父亲常对弈国际象棋，父亲从不迁就作者，并教作者自主取胜，父亲患阿尔茨海默症后二人改下跳棋，最后一局和棋，亲情未因疾病改变。 24. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Papa never went easy on me in chess games. He provided me with the tools to win on my own.(父亲在国际象棋比赛中从不迁就我。他教给我靠自己取胜的方法。)”可知，父亲的教学原则是鼓励自主探索，而非直接给予胜利。故选A项。 25. 细节理解题。根据第三段“In his last years of life, the Papa I knew was slowly and painfully stolen from me by Alzheimer’s.(在他生命的最后几年，我认识的爸爸慢慢地、痛苦地被阿尔茨海默氏症夺走了)”以及第五段“Something seemed off. I had rarely gotten to the point in a game against my brilliant Papa where I had the potential to win.(事情似乎不对劲。面对才华横溢的父亲，我在棋局中很少有机会能赢。)”可知，作者的父亲患阿尔茨海默症，所以此处表示作者因察觉到父亲的健康和思维衰退而心里难受。故选D项。 26. 推理判断题。根据第五段“Desperate to see the signature smirk, just one more time, I continued to try.(我急切地想再看一次他标志性的得意笑，于是继续尝试。)”可知，作者希望看到健康时父亲的模样，内心最可能希望父亲能赢得比赛。故选C项。 27. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Although Alzheimer’s stole my Papa’s intellectual mind, it was not capable of thieving us of the beautiful moments we had.(尽管阿尔茨海默症夺走了父亲聪慧的头脑，却无法夺走我们共度的美好瞬间。)”可知，即便境遇发生巨大改变，父子间的真爱依旧长存。故选A项。 C 【新动向】（2026 北京市海淀区 期末）Rats given gut microbiome (肠道微生物) transplants from energetic young children seem keener to explore their environment. “It suggests our microbes are active participants in emotional development, not just passive passengers,” says Harriet Schellekens at University College Cork in Ireland, who wasn’t involved in the study. A growing body of research has linked the communities of microbes that reside in our guts to our health, emotions and moods. For example, people who lack certain types of gut bacteria seem to face a higher risk of depression or anxiety. It isn’t entirely clear if the microbes cause these changes or if the microbial community alters as a result of behaviour, but there are some signs that altering the make-up of the microbiome can influence mood. For example, faecal (排泄物) transplants from people with depression to rats seem to cause depressive behaviour in the rats, and people with depression treated with faecal transplants have seen their symptoms improve in preliminary trials. To shed more light on how the gut microbiome may be linked to temperament (性情), Anna Aatsinki at the University of Turku in Finland and her colleagues transplanted faeces from toddlers to young rats. First, they evaluated the personalities of 27 2.5-year-old-toddlers using a standard temperament assessment and an exercise in which children were invited to play with a bubble gun. Based on these assessments, the researchers judged 10 of the toddlers as exuberant (充满活力的), and eight as inhibited and introverted. From these groups, they selected four exuberant and four inhibited toddlers — half boys, half girls — and collected samples of their faeces. Faecal samples with added glycerol or control samples of glycerol were transferred to 53 rats aged 22 or 23 days old, which had already had their bowels cleansed. Aatsinki and her colleagues then put the rats through a series of behavioural tests in different situations. They found that rats with microbiomes from toddlers with high exuberance traits showed more exploratory behaviour than rats with a control transplant or those receiving faeces from inhibited toddlers. To explore how gut microbes might influence the brain, they also analysed brain tissue, looking for changes in gene activity. This showed that rats given transplants from inhibited toddlers had less activity in neurons that produce dopamine, a brain chemical linked to reward for risk-taking behaviour. “This study beautifully shows how the gut microbiome in early life may help shape behavioural tendencies,” says Schellekens. The influence shouldn’t be overstated though, says Aatsinki. “Overall, adults’ temperament traits are relatively strongly correlated with genetics, but environmental factors, potentially including the microbiome, could influence the variance of some behaviours.” 28. What can we know about the design of Aatsinki’s research? A. Behaviors of three groups of rats were compared. B. The rats underwent a temperament assessment. C. It involved cross-species organ transplant. D The toddlers were grouped by gender. 29. What can we learn from Aatsinki’s research? A. It is the first research to have linked gut microbes with emotions. B. Introverted kids’ gut microbes reduce rats’ adventurousness. C. Faecal treatments ease patients’ depressive symptoms. D. Our personalities are strongly linked to our diet. 30. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Rat Study Reveals Personality Secret B. Rat Tests Uncover Behavioural Difference C. Gut Microbiomes May Influence Our Personality D Gut Microbiome Transplant Might Cure Depression 【答案】28. A 29. B 30. C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了芬兰图尔库大学的安娜·阿岑基及其团队的研究，该研究通过将幼儿的肠道微生物移植到大鼠体内，探究了肠道微生物与性情、行为倾向之间的关联。 28. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“From these groups, they selected four exuberant and four inhibited toddlers — half boys, half girls — and collected samples of their faeces. Faecal samples with added glycerol or control samples of glycerol were transferred to 53 rats aged 22 or 23 days old, which had already had their bowels cleansed.(从这些群体中，他们挑选了4名充满活力的幼儿和4名内向拘谨的幼儿——男女各半——并收集了他们的粪便样本。添加了甘油的粪便样本或甘油对照样本被移植到53只22或23天大的大鼠体内，这些大鼠的肠道已经被清理干净)”以及第五段中的“They found that rats with microbiomes from toddlers with high exuberance traits showed more exploratory behaviour than rats with a control transplant or those receiving faeces from inhibited toddlers.(他们发现，移植了高活力特质幼儿微生物群的大鼠，比接受对照移植的大鼠或接受内向拘谨幼儿粪便移植的大鼠表现出更多的探索行为)”可知，该研究将大鼠分为三组（移植活力幼儿粪便组、移植内向幼儿粪便组、对照移植组），并对比了三组大鼠的行为，因此研究设计中对三组大鼠的行为进行了比较。故选A项。 29. 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“They found that rats with microbiomes from toddlers with high exuberance traits showed more exploratory behaviour than rats with a control transplant or those receiving faeces from inhibited toddlers.(他们发现，移植了高活力特质幼儿微生物群的大鼠，比接受对照移植的大鼠或接受内向拘谨幼儿粪便移植的大鼠表现出更多的探索行为)”可知，移植内向幼儿肠道微生物的大鼠探索行为更少，即内向孩子的肠道微生物会降低大鼠的冒险性。故选B项。 30. 主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段中““It suggests our microbes are active participants in emotional development, not just passive passengers,” says Harriet Schellekens at University College Cork in Ireland, who wasn’t involved in the study.(爱尔兰科克大学的哈丽雅特・谢勒肯斯并未参与这项研究，她表示：“这表明我们体内的微生物是情绪发展的积极参与者，而非单纯的被动存在。”)”可知，文章围绕阿岑基团队的研究展开，研究核心是通过大鼠实验探究肠道微生物对性情和行为倾向的影响，第一段引言和最后一段专家评价也均强调了肠道微生物与情绪、行为塑造的关联。C项“肠道微生物可能影响我们的性格”准确概括了文章核心主旨，贴合全文内容，适合作标题。故选C项。 D 【新语境】（2026 北京市海淀区 期末）The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) spends a lot of its time staring at nothing. The shots of deep space this produces are remarkably beautiful, transforming an apparently empty sky into a field dotted with thousands of distant galaxies. The first surveys of the early universe have surprised astronomers, as the galaxies seem brighter than expected, with more star formation and larger black holes. Yet maybe we shouldn’t have been too startled to find the universe surprising us: it has been doing so since we first peered into the cosmic darkness. The most famous image of the early universe is the Hubble Deep Field captured in 1995. Yet this shot was almost never taken. Time on the Hubble Space Telescope is precious and astronomers spend months preparing proposals to try to get access. The process is a bit odd — often requiring researchers to argue simultaneously that the proposed observations would transform astronomy, but also that we know exactly what they will show. There are normally seven or eight times as many proposals as can be accepted, so risky observations have trouble getting through. Back in the 1990s, many renowned astronomers argued that directing Hubble at deep space was pointless, betting that the space telescope wouldn’t find a single new galaxy. They assumed that the galaxies we see around us today are representative of those throughout the past 14 billion years or so, a pessimistic outlook we now know is badly wrong. Finding the early universe lit up with firework displays of star formation was a fortuitous discovery. But once you start looking, you will find that astronomical history is filled with discoveries made by accident, or while scientists were looking for something else entirely. The team behind NASA’s Cassini probe was focused on its mission to explore Saturn’s famous rings and its mysterious moon Titan when an unexpected encounter with the tiny moon Enceladus revealed fountains of water coming from its south pole. It is now perhaps the most likely place for us to find life beyond Earth. These discoveries are all a long way from how science is taught where careful experiment and testing of hypotheses lead to progress. Surprise is fun, so maybe we should embrace serendipity a little more. Some astronomers involved in reviewing this year’s JWST observations have suggested it would be fairer, and easier, to allocate time on the telescope by lottery, acknowledging that with so many good ideas floating around, we can’t possibly choose between them. But whether it is staring into deep space or exploring the solar system, experience has taught us that preparing to be surprised by the universe is the best way to make new discoveries. 31. What can be inferred about JWST? A. It functions from time to time. B. It renews our knowledge of deep space. C. It surprises people more than Hubble does. D. It confirms previous assumptions of the universe. 32. What does the writer think of the Hubble Space Telescope’s proposal process? A. It fails to leave much room for flexibility. B. It favors proposals by renowned scientists. C. It leads to pessimistic views of the universe. D. It ensures the most promising ideas get through. 33. What does the underlined word “fortuitous” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Groundbreaking. B. Effortless. C. Chance. D. Plain. 34. What does the author mainly do in this passage? A. Introduce space history. B. Examine a discovery. C. Balance opposing views. D. Encourage a mindset. 【答案】31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要以詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜（JWST）和哈勃太空望远镜的观测发现为切入点，阐述了宇宙探索中意外发现的重要性，进而鼓励人们在科学研究中拥抱偶然性、做好迎接惊喜的准备。 31. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The shots of deep space this produces are remarkably beautiful, transforming an apparently empty sky into a field dotted with thousands of distant galaxies.(它拍摄的深空照片异常美丽，将看似空旷的天空变成了布满数千个遥远星系的领域)”以及第二段中的“The first surveys of the early universe have surprised astronomers, as the galaxies seem brighter than expected, with more star formation and larger black holes.(对早期宇宙的首次观测让天文学家感到惊讶，因为这些星系似乎比预期的更亮，有更多的恒星形成和更大的黑洞)”可知，JWST的观测结果刷新了我们对深空的认知，让我们看到了此前未预料到的宇宙景象。故选B项。 32. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The process is a bit odd — often requiring researchers to argue simultaneously that the proposed observations would transform astronomy, but also that we know exactly what they will show.(这个过程有点奇怪——通常要求研究人员同时证明，拟议的观测将改变天文学，同时还要证明我们确切知道观测结果会是什么)”以及第四段中的“There are normally seven or eight times as many proposals as can be accepted, so risky observations have trouble getting through.(通常情况下，申请的数量是可接受数量的七八倍，因此有风险的观测很难通过)”可知，哈勃望远镜的申请流程要求研究人员既证明观测的突破性，又要确切知道结果，这使得具有不确定性的风险观测难以通过，缺乏灵活性。故选A项。 33. 词句猜测题。根据第五段中的“But once you start looking, you will find that astronomical history is filled with discoveries made by accident, or while scientists were looking for something else entirely.(但一旦你开始探索，你会发现天文学史上充满了意外发现，或者是科学家在寻找完全不同的东西时的发现)”以及后文卡西尼探测器原本专注于探索土星环和土卫六，却意外发现土卫二南极有喷泉的例子可知，早期宇宙中恒星形成如烟花般璀璨这一发现是意外的。由此猜测fortuitous意为“偶然的、意外的”，与Chance意思相近。故选C项。 34. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章通过JWST、哈勃望远镜的观测发现以及卡西尼探测器的意外发现，阐述了宇宙探索中意外发现的普遍性和重要性，结合最后一段“Surprise is fun, so maybe we should embrace serendipity a little more. Some astronomers involved in reviewing this year’s JWST observations have suggested it would be fairer, and easier, to allocate time on the telescope by lottery, acknowledging that with so many good ideas floating around, we can’t possibly choose between them. But whether it is staring into deep space or exploring the solar system, experience has taught us that preparing to be surprised by the universe is the best way to make new discoveries.(惊喜本身充满乐趣，所以或许我们应该多一些对偶然的接纳与包容。参与评审今年詹姆斯・韦伯太空望远镜观测申请的部分天文学家提议，通过抽签的方式分配望远镜的观测时间会更公平、更简便 —— 他们坦言，当下有诸多优秀的研究构想层出不穷，我们根本无法从中抉择。但无论是凝望深空，还是探索太阳系，实践经验都告诉我们：做好迎接宇宙之惊喜的准备，才是取得新发现的最佳途径)”可知，文章的核心是鼓励人们在科学研究中拥有拥抱偶然性、迎接惊喜的心态。故选D项。 语篇押题2 A 【新考向】（2026·广东省·一模）Ruggedy Range Birding Road Tour Are you interested in combining some birdwatching with a chance to enjoy beautiful scenery along the way? We have developed a delightful short tour for anyone seeking out a variety of native birds on Stewart Island. You don’t need to be a birdwatcher to do this tour, as our knowledgeable guides will provide information on the birds seen and about the island. We travel by mini-van so you don’t have to walk too many hills. We will stop often to take several easy short walks of 5 to 15 minutes with some excellent photo opportunities. Your driver or guide will help answer your questions and make this an enjoyable and rewarding tour. Location: Oban, Halfmoon Bay, Horseshoe Bay, Lee Bay, Stewart Island Pricing & Information Adult: NZ $120.00 per person Child: NZ $75.00 per person Includes: Birding tour, administration costs Extra: Transfers (转移) to and/ or from Ruggedy Range Booking Office where tour starts/ ends: NZ $10.00 one-way or NZ $20.00 return per person. Group size: 4 to 8 persons Important: Tours can operate for 2 or 3 persons with NZ $25.00 per person extra charge. If your booking is for less than the minimum, check to see if we have achieved the minimum or, we can reserve spaces, whilst we await further bookings. Duration: 2 hours Note: Subject to our availability, we may be able to offer longer tours. Departure Time: 9:00 a.m. or 1:00 p.m. or 3:30 p.m. Important: Departure times can be flexible to fit in with your schedule and our availability. Start/ End: Rugged Range Booking Office Suitable for: Reasonable fitness Note: Not suitable for children below the age of 10. 1．What does Birding Road Tour offer? A．Free transportation. B．Informative guiding. C．Expert photo service. D．Tailored travel routes. 2．How much should a couple with a teenage child pay if they want to form a tour group? A．$315. B．$340. C．$365. D．$390. 3．Which of the following is required for tourists? A．Reaching the minimum age. B．Experience in birdwatching. C．Arriving before a fixed time. D．Reservation in groups of four. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Ruggedy Range观鸟公路之旅的相关信息。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“You don’t need to be a birdwatcher to do this tour, as our knowledgeable guides will provide information on the birds seen and about the island.(你不需要是观鸟者就可以参加这次旅行，因为我们的知识渊博的导游会提供有关所看到的鸟类和该岛的信息。)”可知，观鸟公路之旅提供信息丰富的指导。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据Pricing & Information部分中的“Adult: NZ 120.00 per person(成年人：每人120新西兰元)”和“Child: NZ 75.00 per person(每人75新西兰元)”可知，一对夫妇和一个十几岁的孩子需要支付120×2+75=315新西兰元。又根据Important部分中的“Tours can operate for 2 or 3 persons with NZ 25.00 per person extra charge(2人或3人的旅行团每人额外收取25新西兰元)”可知，一对夫妇和一个十几岁的孩子需要额外支付25×3=75新西兰元，总共需要支付315+75=390新西兰元。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据Note部分中的“Not suitable for children below the age of 10.(不适合10岁以下的儿童。)”可知，这项旅行不适合10岁以下的儿童，因此游客必须达到最低年龄。故选A。 B 【新语境】（2026·广东省·一模）When I wrote my first book three years ago, the words came naturally. Eight weeks of even rhythm (节奏) and it was finished with ease. So when I sat down to write my second book, I expected the same effortless flow. Instead, I found myself staring at a blinking (闪烁的) typing line that seemed to flash with quiet accusation. I couldn’t begin. Day after day, I repeated the same routines: I set up the perfect workspace, blocked out hours for writing, and reread old pages that had once made me proud. None of it helped. For a while, I blamed myself, mistaking my procrastination (拖延) for laziness or lack of discipline. Still, the familiar motions kept me occupied while the work itself remained still. Eventually, exhaustion softened my stress, and I stopped pushing. What if the resistance was trying to tell me something? I opened my journal and started writing — not about the book, but about why I couldn’t write it. The truth that poured out was simple and childlike: What if this book isn’t as good as the first? What if readers decide a woman like me has already said everything she knows? Beneath the delay, I found fear — not of the work, but of judgment. Procrastination had become a safety net; staying still meant avoiding being seen and possibly found lacking. So I tried something different. I set a timer for five minutes and wrote whatever came. A sentence, half an idea, a small whisper of a scene. My hand moved first, and my mind followed. Piece by piece, those small beginnings grew into the book I had been afraid to start. By the time I finished, I saw procrastination differently. It was never merely delay. It was a quiet dialogue between the part of me that wants to try and the part that fears the fall. What I once called wasted time was, in truth, the stillness before courage — the quiet reward of writing. 4．Why did the author keep following the same routines? A．To look for creative inspiration. B．To overcome her procrastination. C．To gain a false sense of progress. D．To improve her writing technique. 5．What actually prevented the author from writing? A．Lack of new ideas. B．Pursuit of perfection. C．Desire for social fame. D．Concern over disapproval. 6．How did the author manage to restart her writing? A．By taking one step at a time. B．By focusing on small details. C．By reflecting on the outcome. D．By following a flexible schedule. 7．What message does the author seem to deliver in the last paragraph? A．Courage helps fight against fear. B．Stillness can be part of creativity. C．Procrastination is a waste of time. D．Writers should avoid taking breaks. 【答案】4．C 5．D 6．A 7．B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在写第二本书时遇到拖延问题，最终克服并重新认识拖延的故事。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段中“For a while, I blamed myself, mistaking my procrastination (拖延) for laziness or lack of discipline. Still, the familiar motions kept me occupied while the work itself remained still.(有一段时间，我责怪自己，把拖延误认为是懒惰或缺乏纪律。尽管如此，熟悉的动作让我忙碌起来，而工作本身却依然停滞不前)”可知，作者不断重复相同的日常是为了获得一种虚假的进步感，让自己忙碌起来。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Beneath the delay, I found fear — not of the work, but of judgment. Procrastination had become a safety net; staying still meant avoiding being seen and possibly found lacking.(在拖延的背后，我发现了恐惧——不是对工作的恐惧，而是对评判的恐惧。拖延已经成为一个安全网；静止不动意味着避免被看到，并可能被发现有所欠缺)”可知，实际上阻止作者写作的是对不被认可的担忧。故选D。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段中“I set a timer for five minutes and wrote whatever came. A sentence, half an idea, a small whisper of a scene. My hand moved first, and my mind followed. Piece by piece, those small beginnings grew into the book I had been afraid to start.(我设定了一个五分钟的计时器，写下任何想到的东西。一个句子，半个想法，一个场景的轻声细语。我的手先动了，我的思想也跟着动了。一块一块地，这些小小的开始逐渐变成了我害怕开始的那本书)”可知，作者通过一次迈出一步（设定五分钟计时器，写下任何想到的东西）的方式重新开始了写作。故选A。 7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“What I once called wasted time was, in truth, the stillness before courage — the quiet reward of writing.(我曾经称之为浪费时间的东西，实际上是勇气之前的宁静——写作的安静回报)”可知，作者在最后一段似乎要传达的信息是：静止可以是创造力的一部分。故选B。 C 【新考向】（2026·广东省·一模）Cristiano Ronaldo sits on his bed, reminding himself that “sleep is the most important tool that I have,” and that a disciplined routine shapes his performance. The fitness-tracking band on his wrist reflects the close attention he gives to his body. But this once-specialized habit has gradually moved beyond professional sports, becoming part of the lives of ordinary people who want a clearer sense of their health condition. Many wearables on the market provide reliable heart-rate tracking and basic physiological (生理的) data, sufficient for general everyday monitoring. Some advanced models, however, go further. They show how habits like late-night eating or drinking directly influence recovery and readiness for the next day. Rather than offering separate data points, these devices track how small changes build up over time, revealing behavioral patterns that shape overall health trends. Health specialist Jess Whitmore says wearables have become essential tools for top athletes, who now consult their data as naturally as they tie their boots. Yet not everyone welcomes this shift toward constant monitoring. Sports dietitian Jess McGregor warns that the expectation to “train like an athlete” can push ordinary people toward perfectionism and anxiety. The urge to improve everything — sleep scores, readiness ratings, daily stress — can make lives center around numbers. While these numbers offer insight, they cannot replace subjective awareness of energy, emotions or recovery needs. “Everything is being digitized and reduced to numbers,” McGregor says. Perhaps that is the quiet reminder hidden beneath all the data. “When numbers begin to shadow our days, the watch on our wrist can make us forget the body’s gentler signals,” says Dr. Zachary Walston. He adds, “Living a healthy life still means adding enjoyable habits, like evening walks or taking the stairs, and appreciating the pleasure and freedom they bring, rather than simply chasing device targets.” 8．What can we learn about fitness tracking from paragraph 1? A．It controls sports training routines. B．It is adopted to treat sleep disorders. C．It is common among ordinary people. D．It guarantees top athletic performance. 9．What makes advanced wearables different from other products? A．They are designed specifically for night eating. B．They offer separate and independent data points. C．They reveal connections between habits and health. D．They provide rich and solid physiological information. 10．What is Jess McGregor worried about regarding using wearables? A．Reduced enjoyment in daily routines. B．Lack of timely professional guidance. C．Physical injuries from training too hard. D．Mental pressure from chasing numbers. 11．What does Dr. Zachary Walston suggest people do? A．Listen to your physical signals. B．Predict body responses from data. C．Abandon fitness tracking devices. D．Set clear targets for daily exercise. 【答案】8．C 9．C 10．D 11．A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了健身追踪设备在运动员和普通人中的应用，以及专家对此的看法。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段“But this once-specialized habit has gradually moved beyond professional sports, becoming part of the lives of ordinary people who want a clearer sense of their health condition.(但这种曾经专门的习惯已逐渐超越职业体育，成为那些想要更清楚了解自己健康状况的普通人生活的一部分。)”可知，健身追踪在普通人中很常见。故选C。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Some advanced models, however, go further. They show how habits like late-night eating or drinking directly influence recovery and readiness for the next day.(然而，一些先进的型号更进一步。它们展示了深夜进食或饮酒等习惯如何直接影响第二天的恢复和准备情况。)”可知，先进的可穿戴设备与其他产品的不同之处在于它们揭示了习惯与健康之间的联系。故选C。 10．推理判断题。根据第三段“The urge to improve everything — sleep scores, readiness ratings, daily stress — can make lives center around numbers. While these numbers offer insight, they cannot replace subjective awareness of energy, emotions or recovery needs.(改善一切——睡眠分数、准备程度评分、日常压力——的冲动可以让生活围绕数字展开。虽然这些数字提供了洞察力，但它们无法取代对能量、情绪或恢复需求的主观意识。)”可知，Jess McGregor担心的是追求数字带来的精神压力。故选D。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“When numbers begin to shadow our days, the watch on our wrist can make us forget the body’s gentler signals.(当数字开始笼罩我们的生活时，手腕上的手表会让我们忘记身体发出的微弱信号。)”和“Living a healthy life still means adding enjoyable habits, like evening walks or taking the stairs, and appreciating the pleasure and freedom they bring, rather than simply chasing device targets.(过健康的生活仍然意味着增加一些令人愉快的习惯，比如晚上散步或爬楼梯，并欣赏它们带来的快乐和自由，而不是简单地追求设备目标。)”可知，Zachary Walston博士建议人们倾听自己的身体信号。故选A。 D 【新考向】（2026·广东省·一模）What if the computers of tomorrow didn’t depend on metal and plastic, but instead grew from the soil beneath our feet? This idea is turning into reality in a laboratory, where researchers at The Ohio State University have found that common fungi — such as shiitake and button mushrooms — can be used to create memory components for computing. These mushroom-based devices act as organic memristors (忆阻器), short for memory resistors. Unlike traditional resistors, memristors have the unique ability to retain information about past electrical states. When current flows in one direction, their resistance increases; when it flows the opposite way, their resistance decreases. Even after the power is switched off, the resistance level remains, thus allowing memristors to function like tiny memory units inside a computer. Mushrooms contain a dense, thread-like network known as mycelium (菌丝体), which can send tiny electrical signals — much like memristors do. To test this, scientists attached wires to dried mushrooms and sent small electrical pulses through them. The results were remarkable: the mushrooms switched between electrical states up to 5,850 times per second with about 90% accuracy. Although their performance dropped under higher electrical frequencies, stability returned when several mushrooms were linked together — suggesting a kind of collective intelligence, similar to how brain cells function together. Beyond these exciting results, mushrooms come with major environmental advantages. Traditional memristors rely on scarce minerals and require high energy consumption. Mushrooms, however, are renewable, biodegradable, and easy to grow. Their mycelium can also be shaped into custom structures, making them suitable for wearable electronics, smart sensors, and other emerging technologies. “Everything needed to explore organic computing could be as small as a pile of natural waste and some homemade electronics — or as large as a culturing factory,” said John LaRocco, the study’s lead author. “All of it is achievable with the resources we already have.” In the not-too-distant future, the computers on our desks may very well have taken root — quite literally — in the forest. 12．What does the underlined word “retain” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Track. B．Store. C．Gather. D．Analyze. 13．What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning brain cells in paragraph 3? A．The complex structure of mushrooms. B．The rapid electrical response of mycelium. C．The cooperative nature of mycelium networks. D．The unstable performance of mushroom devices. 14．What advantages do mushroom-based memristors have according to paragraph 4? A．They are rare and special. B．They are smart and powerful. C．They are creative and productive. D．They are sustainable and adaptable. 15．What can be inferred about organic computing from John LaRocco’s words? A．It has a low barrier to entry. B．It will advance forest research. C．It helps reduce agricultural waste. D．It will create more jobs in factories. 【答案】12．B 13．C 14．D 15．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了俄亥俄州立大学的研究发现，蘑菇可制成有机忆阻器，具备信息存储功能，且环保可再生，未来可用于新型计算设备。 12．词句猜测题。根据第二段“These mushroom-based devices act as organic memristors (忆阻器), short for memory resistors. Unlike traditional resistors, memristors have the unique ability to retain information about past electrical states. (这些基于蘑菇的器件充当有机忆阻器，即存储电阻器的缩写。与传统电阻器不同，忆阻器具有retain过去电状态信息的独特能力)”以及“Even after the power is switched off, the resistance level remains, thus allowing memristors to function like tiny memory units inside a computer.(即使在电源关闭后，电阻水平仍然存在，因此允许忆阻器像计算机内的微型存储单元一样工作)”可知，忆阻器能存储过去电状态信息，断电后电阻水平仍保持，就像存储信息一样，retain 意为“存储、保留”，与store意义相近。故选B。 13．细节理解题。根据第三段“Although their performance dropped under higher electrical frequencies, stability returned when several mushrooms were linked together — suggesting a kind of collective intelligence, similar to how brain cells function together. (尽管在较高电频率下它们的性能下降，但当多个蘑菇连接在一起时稳定性恢复——这表明一种集体智能，类似于脑细胞共同工作的方式)”可知，作者意在说明菌丝体网络的协作特性。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据第四段“Mushrooms, however, are renewable, biodegradable, and easy to grow. Their mycelium can also be shaped into custom structures, making them suitable for wearable electronics, smart sensors, and other emerging technologies. (然而蘑菇是可再生、可生物降解且易于种植的。它们的菌丝体还可以被塑造成定制结构，使其适用于可穿戴电子设备、智能传感器和其他新兴技术)”可知，蘑菇基忆阻器具有可持续性和适应性。故选D。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Everything needed to explore organic computing could be as small as a pile of natural waste and some homemade electronics — or as large as a culturing factory,” said John LaRocco, the study’s lead author. “All of it is achievable with the resources we already have.”(该研究的主要作者约翰·拉罗科说：“探索有机计算所需的一切都可以，小至一堆天然废物和一些自制电子产品，也可以大至一个养殖厂。”。“用我们现有的资源，所有这些都是可以实现的。”)”可推知，探索有机计算所需资源简单，用已有资源就能实现，说明其进入门槛低。故选A。 2 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解 目录 一、阅读理解应试秘籍.......................................................................... ..................................................................01 二、阅读理解误区点拨........................................................................ ................ ........................... .......................01 三、抢分通关.............................................................................................................................. .........................06 四、语篇押题................................................................... ...................................................................... .............10 秘籍：阅读理解解题，突破口是先题后文，定位信息，拒绝主观臆断 具体步骤如下： 第一步：先题后文，圈划关键词 拿到文章先看题目，划出核心名词、动词、限定词（如时间、地点、数字、否定词），带着目标去读文，避免无效阅读。 第二步：定位原文，找同义替换 回到文中寻找与关键词意思相同、表达不同的句子，答案必在原文对应处，切忌凭记忆或感觉选择。 第三步：区分题型，精准解题 1. 细节题：严格对应原文，一一核对，注意关键词的对应，信息的同义替换，避开偷换概念、扩大范围的陷阱。 2. 主旨题：关注首段、尾段、各段首句，排除细节信息，提炼核心观点，注意遵从文章主旨大意，树立主线思维。 3. 推理题：忠于原文进行逻辑推断，答案绝不是原文原话，也不能是过度发散的主观想象，避免张冠李戴、颠倒黑白，扩缩范围等陷阱。 4. 词义 / 句意题：结合上下文逻辑（转折、因果、并列）推断，不凭常识、不望文生义，利用上下文、构词法等方法进行推断。 易错点1：混淆细节，张冠李戴 秘籍：盯死限定词（时间、地点、程度、范围），不以偏概全或者张冠李戴。注意选项与原文在程度、范围、时态上的一致性，很多是同义词或者近义词替换。 (2025•北京卷) Programming Tracks ·Agricultural Science: Introducing you to areas such as biology, urban farming, and environmental science so that you can explore the field of agriculture ·Community Booster: Guiding you to develop innovative solutions for real-world challenges and create transformative progress to benefit all communities ·Healthy Living: Empowering you to make healthy decisions in such areas as nutrition and emotional well-being, and lead healthy lifestyles ·Science Lab: Leading you to explore the skills you need to succeed in life in key areas like computer science, robotics, and physics 23．What can the teens do in the Programming Tracks? A．Build urban communities. B．Serve as guides on a farm. C．Learn about healthy living. D．Volunteer in a science lab. 易错分析：A：文中Guiding you to develop innovative solutions for real-world challenges and create transformative progress to benefit all communities是解决社区问题，不是 “建造城市社区”。 B：文中Introducing you to areas such as biology, urban farming, and environmental science so that you can explore the field of agriculture是了解urban farming，不是 “在农场当向导”。 D：文中Leading you to explore the skills you need to succeed in life in key areas like computer science, robotics, and physics是探索科学实验室技能，不是 “在实验室做志愿者”。 易错之处在于，每个选项原文都有一些词在原文出现，但是会有关键的词上的不同，比如A选项，communities在原文可以找到，但是关键细节有不同，选项中是build urban（建造城市（社区）），原文是benefit all(受益所有（社会）)。因此不能选A。北京卷这种细微的差别特别要关注，否则就容易出现简单的AB篇也做错的情况。 变式1： (2024•北京卷) Requirements for completion: •One welcoming session on the second Friday of the term •18 weekly one-hour pair meetings •Weekly progress reports for all pair meetings •At least three pair-teacher meetings •One five-minute final video 22．To complete the programme, students are required to _________. A．development tests B．participate in pair meetings C．welcome new students D．work on weekly videos 易错分析： A．development tests：原文未提及任何发展测试相关内容，属于无中生有，直接排除。C．welcome new students：原文仅要求一场迎新环节（welcoming session），并非要求学生去迎接新生，主体和任务均偷换概念，排除。D．work on weekly videos：原文仅要求一个五分钟最终视频，并非每周制作视频，细节数量、频率完全不符，排除。 变式2： (2026•西城一模) Loved Before The first eco-friendly, fully sustainable soft toy adoption agency "Several years back, during my time as a volunteer at a charity shop, I observed the arrival of second-hand toys at the store. These pre-loved toys, often handed over with cherished memories and emotional significance, were carelessly cast aside, sometimes became dog toys or, even more dishearteningly, destined for the landfill. It became evident to me how the love, lively life, and stories of these eco-toys were at risk of being lost and forgotten in an instant. That was when Loved Before was born with the mission to revolutionize our perspective on sustainable toys." ----Charlotte, Founder 21. What inspired Charlotte to start Loved Before? A. The improper treatment of old toys. B. The new attitude toward dog toys. C. The profits from charities. D. The donations from kids. 易错分析：B 错误：文章提到了dog toys, 是指不被正确对待的玩具有时成了狗狗玩具，所以创立组织并非针对狗狗玩具的态度。C 错误：charities在文中提及时指Charlotte 在慈善商店做过志愿者，但未提及慈善利润。D 错误：组织的建立与孩子的捐赠无关。 易错点2：误把细节当主旨 秘籍：主旨题要覆盖全文，具有概括性和高度。注重文章整体，查看上下文逻辑。 错误原因：选项只概括了文章某一段或者某一部分的主要内容，被误选为全文主旨。 (2025•北京卷) The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. For many years, psychologists saw identity as a combination of someone’s values, beliefs, goals and social roles. Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. Our life story is something that starts coming together in our teenage years, when we begin to organise our lives into chapters around key events or life changes, and begin to see ourselves as both the central character and, to a varying extent, the story’s author. People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity, and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose. Such people show greater overall life satisfaction, too. Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes. He discovered that whether someone describes having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of a person’s mental health. Another key theme involves finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events. “People could talk about gaining knowledge or personal growth,” says Johnson. His research shows that this is often missing for people with mental health conditions. The good news is that there is evidence we can learn to change our own story. Lisa Green, another researcher, sounds a few notes of caution (谨慎). For instance, hearing about the power of redemptive (拯救性的) stories, many people may feel forced to find a positive angle on horrible events. She says that Western culture already pushes people to look for the silver lining behind every cloud. If you want to turn over a new leaf, though, one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that signals the start of a new “chapter”. Contrary to popular doubt, resolutions made on I January are more effective for this reason. So, whether your goal is saving money or getting fit, there is no better time to become the author of our own destiny (命运). 34．What is the passage mainly about? A．How self-identity works. B．How story-tellers are made. C．How personal stories raise doubts. D．How timing affects personal identity. 易错分析：B. How story-tellers are made.有高频词story，但全文不是讲 “讲故事的人” 怎么来，偏离核心。 C. How personal stories raise doubts.有高频词personal stories,但是只在倒数第二段提到一点谨慎，不是全文主旨。 D. How timing affects personal identity.错在timing 只是最后一段小细节，不能概括全文。 变式：(2024•北京卷) Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense. The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group’s history and environment. Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised. These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving. Our social instincts (本能) include the intense desire to belong. The approval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked. These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behaviour according to the norms and values of our family and our community. More generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world. The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self-care. Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food gathering and dangers to avoid. Good habits save time, energy and sometimes your life. Good social habits do something similar in a social context. We learn to tell the truth, even when lying is self-serving; we help a grandparent even when it is inconvenient. We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong. Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much. Hence self-discipline is advantageous. In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the physical world. These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways. 34．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures B．The Values of Self-discipline C．Brains: Walls Against Chaos D．The Roots of Morality A. Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures错因：以偏概全，细节当主旨。文中仅在第二段提及“道德美德的跨文化共性”，这只是论述道德起源的一个分论点，并非全文核心。文章并非重点讲解美德如何成为文化桥梁，只是用该细节佐证道德的普遍性，无法统领全文内容。B. The Values of Self-discipline 错因：范围过小，仅为局部细节。self-discipline（自律）仅在最后一段短短一句话中被提及，是道德规范带来的一个次要优势，全文未围绕自律的价值展开论述，属于典型的局部细节干扰项，完全不能概括主旨。C. Brains: Walls Against Chaos错因：偷换概念，偏离核心话题。文中虽提到大脑助力自我控制、塑造道德行为，但核心话题是道德，而非“大脑”；且“抵御混乱的壁垒”并非文章论述重点，大脑只是道德形成的机制之一，并非全文核心对象，偏离主题。 易错点3：情绪、写作目的推断偏差 秘籍：仔细揣摩文章情绪变化，挖掘文章背后的意义，推测作者的写作目的，遵循主旨选择。 (2025•北京卷) Not too long ago, on a cold winter night, there was a teenager who wanted more screen time and a parent who said no. The teenager was advocating for her right to scroll (翻屏) for an extra 30 minutes. The parent argued that none of her friends’ parents let them have screens after 9 o’clock. “I thought, in this family, we don’t compare ourselves with other people, Dad?” the teenager replied. The parent — who was me, by the way — just got served. Since they were young, I have told my kids not to compare themselves with other people. I have argued countless times that comparisons are the “thief of joy”. Although my daughter didn’t win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given. In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is to repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances. But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy. 28．How did the author feel about his daughter’s argument? A．Excited. B．Inspired. C．Energized. D．Relieved. 易错分析：D. Relieved词义理解偏差：relieved 侧重 “松了口气、安心”，多指担忧、紧张消除，文中作者并无焦虑情绪需要缓解，只是被孩子的话点醒。语境逻辑误判：作者并非因争论结束、压力消失而释怀，而是触发了深度反思，是 “受启发、被触动” 的心态，而非放松释然。 变式：(2024•北京卷) In secondary school, art was my favourite subject. Since I loved it so much I thought I was good at it. For the art O-level exam I had to present an oil painting. I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I’d been over-confident. Now I’d been declared talentless. 24．How did the author feel about the result of the art exam? A．Scared. B．Worried. C．Discouraged. D．Wronged. 【押题新高考题型一】细节理解题 1.(2025•北京卷) Completing many courses no longer brings out the feeling of success because more than four AP classes per year is a norm set by top universities. Determined to follow my instincts (本能) on what I felt success means, I only chose two classes that I knew I would enjoy. The feeling of success was no longer attached to what grade I received but to the pure joy of learning. 25．The author chose fewer AP classes because of _______. A．her own understanding of success B．her desire for academic challenges C．her strong urge to follow the crowd D．her dream of entering a top university 2. (2025•北京卷) Schedule of Programming 17 JulyTime                 Activities 14:00-15:00      Lead to Change Kick-off 15:00-16:30      Programme Showcase 16:30-18:00      Track Workshops 18 JulyTime                 Activities 9:30-11:00        Career Fireside Chats 13:00-14:15       Youth Panel 14:15-16:20       Track Keynotes 19 JulyTime                 Activities 8:00-12:00       Off-site Experiences 13:00-15:00      Gallery Viewing 15:15-16:45      Adult Workshops 20 JulyTime                 Activities 9:00-11:15         Explore Workshops 13:30-16:00        Keynote Speech 16:15-17:00        Celebration 22．According to the schedule, which activity can the teens participate in? A．Keynote Speech on 17 July. B．Youth Panel on 18 July. C．Celebration on 19 July. D．Programme Showcase on 20 July. 3. (2025•北京卷) Experience TransForm TransForm allows you to get to focus on your chosen track through subject matter talks, hands-on workshops, and off-site experiences. However, if you are unsure what track you want, you still get to explore any workshop you want as part of our Explore Workshops. Besides, your parents will also be able to participate in workshops selected just for them to learn about cutting-edge science. 21．TransForm allows the teens to____________. A．select workshops for their parents B．prepare track topics for the camp C．design programme activities D．attend hands-on sessions 4. (2025•北京卷)Throughout our Junior year, my classmates and I have been worried about what colleges will see when they look at our whole life story reduced to a single 200-word essay. Will the golden word “success” form in their minds when they review our achievements? Or will they see the big word “fail” in red? The shadow of this mysterious (神秘的) institution steals away what success means to us. 24．Throughout the Junior year, what was the author’s major concern? A．Pressure from choosing AP classes. B．Performance in group interviews. C．Competition with seniors. D．Recognition by colleges. 5. (2024•北京卷) The Language Exchange Programme allows students in pairs to communicate in two different languages they wish to share and learn each week. Students record short entries after each partner meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed. Each pair of students meets three times throughout the term with a teacher who decides if the exchange is effective. Students who successfully complete the programme will receive one credit each. 21．In the programme, students will _________. A．chair daily meetings B．evaluate the exchange C．meet teachers each week D．practise their language skills 【押题新高考题型二】推理判断题 1. (2024•北京卷) The notion that we live in someone else’s video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation — a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge. 28．What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis? A．Make an assumption. B．Illustrate an argument. C．Give a suggestion. D．Justify a comparison. 2. (2024•北京卷)The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. 30．As for Kant’s argument, the author is _________. A．appreciative B．doubtful C．unconcerned D．disapproving 3. (2023•北京卷) Sitting in the garden for my friend’s birthday. I felt a buzz (振动) in my pocket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you…” and my vision blurred (模糊). The position—measuring soil quality in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergraduate research programme — had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for. 24. How did the author feel upon seeing the email sender’s name? A. Anxious. B. Angry. C. Surprised. D. Settled. 4. (2026•海淀一模) Part of meritocracy’s moral appeal is its power to justify the existing social order. On top of that, it also offers flattery. Where success is determined by merit, each win can be viewed as a reflection of personal worth and worldly failures become signs of personal weaknesses. 33. The author feels meritocracy’s moral appeal is ______. A. erroneous B. justified C. practical D. groundless 【押题新高考题型三】主旨大意题 1. (2024•北京卷) Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense. 34．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures B．The Values of Self-discipline C．Brains: Walls Against Chaos D．The Roots of Morality 2. (2023•北京卷) Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. An invitation is a reputation. B. An innovation is a resolution. C. A rejection can be a redirection. D. A reflection can be a restriction 3. (2023•北京卷) As a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn’t send ships; they would invent climate change. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary. Older people today, for example, can remember a time with insect-covered car windscreens after long drives. Children, on the other hand, have no idea that insect population has dropped dramatically. 29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Climate change has been forgotten. B. Lessons of history are highly valued. C. The human mind is bad at noting slow change. D. Humans are unwilling to admit their shortcomings. 4. (2026•东城一模) Rewilding is a simple concept: areas of wilderness are identified for restoration, native animals and plants are reintroduced, and natural processes take over. The term was coined in the 1990s. Much like nature, language undergoes continuous transformation. To some, rewilding now incorporates the idea of building “corridors” so that species can cross from one area of wilderness to another, as they would have done in pre-human times. To others, it is about letting “natural chaos” take over, meaning any human interference is prohibited. 34. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Rewilding: One Step at a Time B. Rewilding: Back to the Unknown C. Rewilding: A Race against Limits D. Rewilding: The Recall of the Wild 【押题新高考题型四】词义推断题 1. (2024•北京卷) If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box. 29．What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Accepted by. B．Determined by. C．Awakened by. D．Discovered by. 2. (2023•北京卷) Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life’s endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same principles could give rise to truly inventive machines. 32. What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Shocked. B. Protected. C. Attracted. D. Challenged. 3. (2026•朝阳一模) The epistemologist’s attention to knowing resonated (引起共鸣) in physicist Andrea Califano’s precision-medicine discoveries in cancer biology. His philosopher-physicist mind is the creative ground to discover new treatments for cancer. “A lot of ideas end up being very, very simple-minded in hindsight. But it’s very difficult to foresee whether simple-minded ideas will work in the end. There’s nothing magical about what we do. It’s just that nobody had kind of thought of cancer in this way,” said Califano. 31. What does the word “hindsight” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Innovative mindset. B. Blind-minded thinking. C. Long-term perspective. D. Reflective understanding. 语篇押题1 A 【新语境】（2026 北京市海淀区 一模）Eager to run your own company? Venture is your perfect choice! It helps you become an excellent leader and public speaker, build lifelong connections with peers and technological professionals, and gain real-world learning beyond academics. What You’ll Learn & Do ·Week 1: Break limiting mindsets, present ideas, form teams by group vote, and create a proof-of-concept with coaches’ support. ·Week 2: Polish ideas via user engagement, build a Minimum Viable Product, and learn branding and visual design to launch a landing page. ·Week 3: Enter the market, showcase products, and master marketing, sales and ad creation to gain customers. ·Week 4: Craft story-driven presentations and practice delivering them to investors confidently. Demo Day Present your company to a panel of investors. Teams are judged on product-market fit, market size, growth and presentation, with awards for Most Outstanding Company and Best Entrepreneur (企业家). Extracurriculars Enjoy tailored leisure activities and mental health conversations with a licensed therapist during the program. Online On-site Start date July 10, 2026 June 15, 2026 End date August 8, 2026 July 12, 2026 Schedule Classes 8 AM to 11 AM Full-time program Features ·Guidance from accomplished start-up founders in all time zones ·Teamwork throughout the day ·Group leisure activities ·Flexible schedule ·Classes in a top college campus ·All meals, including vegetarian options ·Housing near campus ·Group leisure activities in the city 21. Venture is intended to help students ______. A. release their academic potential B. land a job in the tech industry C. develop business-building skills D. network with public speakers 22. What will participants do during the program? A. Craft stories on a landing page. B. Work in teams assigned by coaches. C. Attend weekly mental health talks. D. Display their products in the market. 23. Unlike the on-site program, the online program ______. A. requires full-time commitment B. provides leisure activities C. invites entrepreneurs worldwide D. features individual learning B 【新语境】（2026 北京市海淀区 期末）Papa and I bonded over games of any style. One of the items that Papa considered worthy was a checkered, 8x8 grid of wood. This board fostered all of our Saturday chess games. “Check!” I boasted. “Oh dear...” Papa said, studying the board. He slid his knight in front of his king, protecting it from danger. “Checkmate,” he smirked (得意地笑). It was over. He had won. Following the game, I awaited our ritual discussion. Pots and pans clanged around us, but he was focused on how I could improve. Papa never went easy on me in chess games. He provided me with the tools to win on my own. My skills were improving, but his seemed to do the opposite. Throughout many years of games, I had an occasional win, usually meaning he wasn’t feeling well. In his last years of life, the Papa I knew was slowly and painfully stolen from me by Alzheimer’s. As his once keen mind started to fog, our relationship began to change and adapt. Our games transitioned from chess to checkers (国际跳棋). The Saturdays rolled by routinely, until one snowy morning in January. As the game progressed, Papa moved a piece, not seeing that it opened up a double jump for me. Jump. Jump. I had taken two of his pieces. Jump. Another piece was taken. My stack of pieces piled up. However, a moment that was supposed to bring me pride was causing my stomach to twist and turn. Something seemed off. I had rarely gotten to the point in a game against my brilliant Papa where I had the potential to win. His eyes were still concentrated on the board, attempting to think through his next move. He put his hand on another piece, shifting it and opening up a triple jump for me. Is he letting me win? This can’t be right. I kept setting up moves, all in hopes of his clever mind, fogged with disease, acknowledging them. Desperate to see the signature smirk, just one more time, I continued to try. He couldn’t do it, but he smiled, bringing a bittersweet end to our final game. Although Alzheimer’s stole my Papa’s intellectual mind, it was not capable of thieving us of the beautiful moments we had. Ending in a draw, we both won the final game. 24. What is Papa’s teaching principle? A. Encourage discovery; don’t deliver victory. B. Acquired skill outshines natural talent. C. Embrace failure; don’t shelter from it. D. Learning requires strict discipline. 25. What caused the author’s stomach to twist and turn? A. He disliked playing checkers. B. He felt guilty for defeating Papa. C. He feared losing his winning lead. D. He noticed Papa’s decline in health, 26. What was the author most likely thinking to himself when the last game ended? A. “I can finally beat Papa now!” B. “I should have lost to Papa.” C. “How I wish Papa had won!” D. “Papa has let me win again.” 27. What can we learn from the passage? A. True love lasts through changes. B. Wisdom is passed on beyond words. C. Nobody comes out on top in a draw. D. Nothing connects like shared passion. C 【新动向】（2026 北京市海淀区 期末）Rats given gut microbiome (肠道微生物) transplants from energetic young children seem keener to explore their environment. “It suggests our microbes are active participants in emotional development, not just passive passengers,” says Harriet Schellekens at University College Cork in Ireland, who wasn’t involved in the study. A growing body of research has linked the communities of microbes that reside in our guts to our health, emotions and moods. For example, people who lack certain types of gut bacteria seem to face a higher risk of depression or anxiety. It isn’t entirely clear if the microbes cause these changes or if the microbial community alters as a result of behaviour, but there are some signs that altering the make-up of the microbiome can influence mood. For example, faecal (排泄物) transplants from people with depression to rats seem to cause depressive behaviour in the rats, and people with depression treated with faecal transplants have seen their symptoms improve in preliminary trials. To shed more light on how the gut microbiome may be linked to temperament (性情), Anna Aatsinki at the University of Turku in Finland and her colleagues transplanted faeces from toddlers to young rats. First, they evaluated the personalities of 27 2.5-year-old-toddlers using a standard temperament assessment and an exercise in which children were invited to play with a bubble gun. Based on these assessments, the researchers judged 10 of the toddlers as exuberant (充满活力的), and eight as inhibited and introverted. From these groups, they selected four exuberant and four inhibited toddlers — half boys, half girls — and collected samples of their faeces. Faecal samples with added glycerol or control samples of glycerol were transferred to 53 rats aged 22 or 23 days old, which had already had their bowels cleansed. Aatsinki and her colleagues then put the rats through a series of behavioural tests in different situations. They found that rats with microbiomes from toddlers with high exuberance traits showed more exploratory behaviour than rats with a control transplant or those receiving faeces from inhibited toddlers. To explore how gut microbes might influence the brain, they also analysed brain tissue, looking for changes in gene activity. This showed that rats given transplants from inhibited toddlers had less activity in neurons that produce dopamine, a brain chemical linked to reward for risk-taking behaviour. “This study beautifully shows how the gut microbiome in early life may help shape behavioural tendencies,” says Schellekens. The influence shouldn’t be overstated though, says Aatsinki. “Overall, adults’ temperament traits are relatively strongly correlated with genetics, but environmental factors, potentially including the microbiome, could influence the variance of some behaviours.” 28. What can we know about the design of Aatsinki’s research? A. Behaviors of three groups of rats were compared. B. The rats underwent a temperament assessment. C. It involved cross-species organ transplant. D The toddlers were grouped by gender. 29. What can we learn from Aatsinki’s research? A. It is the first research to have linked gut microbes with emotions. B. Introverted kids’ gut microbes reduce rats’ adventurousness. C. Faecal treatments ease patients’ depressive symptoms. D. Our personalities are strongly linked to our diet. 30. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Rat Study Reveals Personality Secret B. Rat Tests Uncover Behavioural Difference C. Gut Microbiomes May Influence Our Personality D Gut Microbiome Transplant Might Cure Depression D 【新语境】（2026 北京市海淀区 期末）The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) spends a lot of its time staring at nothing. The shots of deep space this produces are remarkably beautiful, transforming an apparently empty sky into a field dotted with thousands of distant galaxies. The first surveys of the early universe have surprised astronomers, as the galaxies seem brighter than expected, with more star formation and larger black holes. Yet maybe we shouldn’t have been too startled to find the universe surprising us: it has been doing so since we first peered into the cosmic darkness. The most famous image of the early universe is the Hubble Deep Field captured in 1995. Yet this shot was almost never taken. Time on the Hubble Space Telescope is precious and astronomers spend months preparing proposals to try to get access. The process is a bit odd — often requiring researchers to argue simultaneously that the proposed observations would transform astronomy, but also that we know exactly what they will show. There are normally seven or eight times as many proposals as can be accepted, so risky observations have trouble getting through. Back in the 1990s, many renowned astronomers argued that directing Hubble at deep space was pointless, betting that the space telescope wouldn’t find a single new galaxy. They assumed that the galaxies we see around us today are representative of those throughout the past 14 billion years or so, a pessimistic outlook we now know is badly wrong. Finding the early universe lit up with firework displays of star formation was a fortuitous discovery. But once you start looking, you will find that astronomical history is filled with discoveries made by accident, or while scientists were looking for something else entirely. The team behind NASA’s Cassini probe was focused on its mission to explore Saturn’s famous rings and its mysterious moon Titan when an unexpected encounter with the tiny moon Enceladus revealed fountains of water coming from its south pole. It is now perhaps the most likely place for us to find life beyond Earth. These discoveries are all a long way from how science is taught where careful experiment and testing of hypotheses lead to progress. Surprise is fun, so maybe we should embrace serendipity a little more. Some astronomers involved in reviewing this year’s JWST observations have suggested it would be fairer, and easier, to allocate time on the telescope by lottery, acknowledging that with so many good ideas floating around, we can’t possibly choose between them. But whether it is staring into deep space or exploring the solar system, experience has taught us that preparing to be surprised by the universe is the best way to make new discoveries. 31. What can be inferred about JWST? A. It functions from time to time. B. It renews our knowledge of deep space. C. It surprises people more than Hubble does. D. It confirms previous assumptions of the universe. 32. What does the writer think of the Hubble Space Telescope’s proposal process? A. It fails to leave much room for flexibility. B. It favors proposals by renowned scientists. C. It leads to pessimistic views of the universe. D. It ensures the most promising ideas get through. 33. What does the underlined word “fortuitous” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Groundbreaking. B. Effortless. C. Chance. D. Plain. 34. What does the author mainly do in this passage? A. Introduce space history. B. Examine a discovery. C. Balance opposing views. D. Encourage a mindset. 语篇押题2 A 【新考向】（2026·广东省·一模）Ruggedy Range Birding Road Tour Are you interested in combining some birdwatching with a chance to enjoy beautiful scenery along the way? We have developed a delightful short tour for anyone seeking out a variety of native birds on Stewart Island. You don’t need to be a birdwatcher to do this tour, as our knowledgeable guides will provide information on the birds seen and about the island. We travel by mini-van so you don’t have to walk too many hills. We will stop often to take several easy short walks of 5 to 15 minutes with some excellent photo opportunities. Your driver or guide will help answer your questions and make this an enjoyable and rewarding tour. Location: Oban, Halfmoon Bay, Horseshoe Bay, Lee Bay, Stewart Island Pricing & Information Adult: NZ $120.00 per person Child: NZ $75.00 per person Includes: Birding tour, administration costs Extra: Transfers (转移) to and/ or from Ruggedy Range Booking Office where tour starts/ ends: NZ $10.00 one-way or NZ $20.00 return per person. Group size: 4 to 8 persons Important: Tours can operate for 2 or 3 persons with NZ $25.00 per person extra charge. If your booking is for less than the minimum, check to see if we have achieved the minimum or, we can reserve spaces, whilst we await further bookings. Duration: 2 hours Note: Subject to our availability, we may be able to offer longer tours. Departure Time: 9:00 a.m. or 1:00 p.m. or 3:30 p.m. Important: Departure times can be flexible to fit in with your schedule and our availability. Start/ End: Rugged Range Booking Office Suitable for: Reasonable fitness Note: Not suitable for children below the age of 10. 1．What does Birding Road Tour offer? A．Free transportation. B．Informative guiding. C．Expert photo service. D．Tailored travel routes. 2．How much should a couple with a teenage child pay if they want to form a tour group? A．$315. B．$340. C．$365. D．$390. 3．Which of the following is required for tourists? A．Reaching the minimum age. B．Experience in birdwatching. C．Arriving before a fixed time. D．Reservation in groups of four. B 【新语境】（2026·广东省·一模）When I wrote my first book three years ago, the words came naturally. Eight weeks of even rhythm (节奏) and it was finished with ease. So when I sat down to write my second book, I expected the same effortless flow. Instead, I found myself staring at a blinking (闪烁的) typing line that seemed to flash with quiet accusation. I couldn’t begin. Day after day, I repeated the same routines: I set up the perfect workspace, blocked out hours for writing, and reread old pages that had once made me proud. None of it helped. For a while, I blamed myself, mistaking my procrastination (拖延) for laziness or lack of discipline. Still, the familiar motions kept me occupied while the work itself remained still. Eventually, exhaustion softened my stress, and I stopped pushing. What if the resistance was trying to tell me something? I opened my journal and started writing — not about the book, but about why I couldn’t write it. The truth that poured out was simple and childlike: What if this book isn’t as good as the first? What if readers decide a woman like me has already said everything she knows? Beneath the delay, I found fear — not of the work, but of judgment. Procrastination had become a safety net; staying still meant avoiding being seen and possibly found lacking. So I tried something different. I set a timer for five minutes and wrote whatever came. A sentence, half an idea, a small whisper of a scene. My hand moved first, and my mind followed. Piece by piece, those small beginnings grew into the book I had been afraid to start. By the time I finished, I saw procrastination differently. It was never merely delay. It was a quiet dialogue between the part of me that wants to try and the part that fears the fall. What I once called wasted time was, in truth, the stillness before courage — the quiet reward of writing. 4．Why did the author keep following the same routines? A．To look for creative inspiration. B．To overcome her procrastination. C．To gain a false sense of progress. D．To improve her writing technique. 5．What actually prevented the author from writing? A．Lack of new ideas. B．Pursuit of perfection. C．Desire for social fame. D．Concern over disapproval. 6．How did the author manage to restart her writing? A．By taking one step at a time. B．By focusing on small details. C．By reflecting on the outcome. D．By following a flexible schedule. 7．What message does the author seem to deliver in the last paragraph? A．Courage helps fight against fear. B．Stillness can be part of creativity. C．Procrastination is a waste of time. D．Writers should avoid taking breaks. C 【新考向】（2026·广东省·一模）Cristiano Ronaldo sits on his bed, reminding himself that “sleep is the most important tool that I have,” and that a disciplined routine shapes his performance. The fitness-tracking band on his wrist reflects the close attention he gives to his body. But this once-specialized habit has gradually moved beyond professional sports, becoming part of the lives of ordinary people who want a clearer sense of their health condition. Many wearables on the market provide reliable heart-rate tracking and basic physiological (生理的) data, sufficient for general everyday monitoring. Some advanced models, however, go further. They show how habits like late-night eating or drinking directly influence recovery and readiness for the next day. Rather than offering separate data points, these devices track how small changes build up over time, revealing behavioral patterns that shape overall health trends. Health specialist Jess Whitmore says wearables have become essential tools for top athletes, who now consult their data as naturally as they tie their boots. Yet not everyone welcomes this shift toward constant monitoring. Sports dietitian Jess McGregor warns that the expectation to “train like an athlete” can push ordinary people toward perfectionism and anxiety. The urge to improve everything — sleep scores, readiness ratings, daily stress — can make lives center around numbers. While these numbers offer insight, they cannot replace subjective awareness of energy, emotions or recovery needs. “Everything is being digitized and reduced to numbers,” McGregor says. Perhaps that is the quiet reminder hidden beneath all the data. “When numbers begin to shadow our days, the watch on our wrist can make us forget the body’s gentler signals,” says Dr. Zachary Walston. He adds, “Living a healthy life still means adding enjoyable habits, like evening walks or taking the stairs, and appreciating the pleasure and freedom they bring, rather than simply chasing device targets.” 8．What can we learn about fitness tracking from paragraph 1? A．It controls sports training routines. B．It is adopted to treat sleep disorders. C．It is common among ordinary people. D．It guarantees top athletic performance. 9．What makes advanced wearables different from other products? A．They are designed specifically for night eating. B．They offer separate and independent data points. C．They reveal connections between habits and health. D．They provide rich and solid physiological information. 10．What is Jess McGregor worried about regarding using wearables? A．Reduced enjoyment in daily routines. B．Lack of timely professional guidance. C．Physical injuries from training too hard. D．Mental pressure from chasing numbers. 11．What does Dr. Zachary Walston suggest people do? A．Listen to your physical signals. B．Predict body responses from data. C．Abandon fitness tracking devices. D．Set clear targets for daily exercise. D 【新考向】（2026·广东省·一模）What if the computers of tomorrow didn’t depend on metal and plastic, but instead grew from the soil beneath our feet? This idea is turning into reality in a laboratory, where researchers at The Ohio State University have found that common fungi — such as shiitake and button mushrooms — can be used to create memory components for computing. These mushroom-based devices act as organic memristors (忆阻器), short for memory resistors. Unlike traditional resistors, memristors have the unique ability to retain information about past electrical states. When current flows in one direction, their resistance increases; when it flows the opposite way, their resistance decreases. Even after the power is switched off, the resistance level remains, thus allowing memristors to function like tiny memory units inside a computer. Mushrooms contain a dense, thread-like network known as mycelium (菌丝体), which can send tiny electrical signals — much like memristors do. To test this, scientists attached wires to dried mushrooms and sent small electrical pulses through them. The results were remarkable: the mushrooms switched between electrical states up to 5,850 times per second with about 90% accuracy. Although their performance dropped under higher electrical frequencies, stability returned when several mushrooms were linked together — suggesting a kind of collective intelligence, similar to how brain cells function together. Beyond these exciting results, mushrooms come with major environmental advantages. Traditional memristors rely on scarce minerals and require high energy consumption. Mushrooms, however, are renewable, biodegradable, and easy to grow. Their mycelium can also be shaped into custom structures, making them suitable for wearable electronics, smart sensors, and other emerging technologies. “Everything needed to explore organic computing could be as small as a pile of natural waste and some homemade electronics — or as large as a culturing factory,” said John LaRocco, the study’s lead author. “All of it is achievable with the resources we already have.” In the not-too-distant future, the computers on our desks may very well have taken root — quite literally — in the forest. 12．What does the underlined word “retain” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Track. B．Store. C．Gather. D．Analyze. 13．What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning brain cells in paragraph 3? A．The complex structure of mushrooms. B．The rapid electrical response of mycelium. C．The cooperative nature of mycelium networks. D．The unstable performance of mushroom devices. 14．What advantages do mushroom-based memristors have according to paragraph 4? A．They are rare and special. B．They are smart and powerful. C．They are creative and productive. D．They are sustainable and adaptable. 15．What can be inferred about organic computing from John LaRocco’s words? A．It has a low barrier to entry. B．It will advance forest research. C．It helps reduce agricultural waste. D．It will create more jobs in factories. 2 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $