Unit 2 Growing pains and gains Understanding ideas Grammar 课件 2025-2026学年外研版八年级英语下册

grammar Growing pains and gains Unit 2 review was heading back realised that... went back to get... & noticed... took... to... ran to pick up... came home late was angry & worried (at first) was proud of... (at last) looked pale was/were 选择规则 1.主语为单数名词/不可数名词 → 用was 例：The book was lost yesterday. / Water was saved by us. 2.主语为复数名词 → 用were 例：The books were lost yesterday. / The trees were planted. 3.人称代词作主语：I/you → 用were；he/she/it → 用was 例：I was invited to the party. / He was praised by the teacher. What is the problem between the mother and the son? He didn’t . He was late for . what caused the problem How did the son solve the problem? He everything to her mum. How did it end? They to each other. What did the son learn? keep the promise home explained apologised by短语的用法与省略原则 by + 动作发出者：置于句末，明确动作是“由谁做的” 用法：by后接人/物的宾格（him/her/them/it）或名词 例：She was helped by Tom. / The desk was moved by us. 省略原则：当动作发出者不明确、不重要时，直接省略by短语 例：The door was opened last night.（无需说明谁开的门） 核心结构 单数主语例句（带解析） 1.My bike was stolen last week.（自行车单数，动作承受者） 2.A letter was sent to me yesterday.（信单数，by短语省略） 3.The window was broken by Tom.（窗户单数，by明确动作发出者） 4.The song was sung by a famous singer.（歌曲单数，突出承受者） The son didn’t keep his promise. He was late for home. The son explained everything to his mum. They apologised to each other. 一般过去时的被动语态 主动变被动 核心原则（四不变三变） 四不变 1.时态不变：原句一般过去时，被动句仍为一般过去时 2.句意不变：仅改变表达重点，不改变句子本意 3.时间/地点状语不变：位置可保留，无需改动 4.固定搭配不变：动词的固定短语成分完整保留 三变 1.主宾互换：主动句宾语→被动句主语 2.谓语变形：主动动词→was/were+过去分词 3.主语后置：主动句主语→by的宾语（可省略） 主动变被动 四步走（步骤1：找宾语） 步骤1：精准找出主动句的宾语（动作的直接承受者） 找宾语技巧：先找主动句的谓语动词，再看“动作作用于谁/对着谁” 示例：He bought a new pen in the shop yesterday. → 谓语动词：bought；动作承受者：a new pen（直接宾语） → 被动句主语确定：a new pen 注意：若宾语是人称代词，需用宾格（him/her/them） Production Rewrite the sentences in the passive in the simple past. 1.  Betty's dad didn't allow her to have a lazy day on the sofa.                                                                       2.  Robert's mum turned down his idea of hiking alone in the mountains.                                                                      3. Sarah's parents hid her birthday presents in their bedroom.                                                                       Betty wasn’t allowed to have a lazy day on the sofa. Rober’s idea of hiking alone in the mountains was turned down by his mum. Sarah’s birthday presents were hidden in their bed room by her parents . I'm sorry, Samantha. I'm afraid that too much of your time           (spend) on your phone. That's very bad for your eyes. At times, your attention           (draw) away during family meals. We need quality family time, too. How about this? Let's all put our phones down for a while every day and have a family conversation. What do you think? Dad Production was spent was drew Write a story about a difficult experience with your parents. Use the words and expressions from the reading passage and the Useful expressions to help you. Production A difficult experience with my parents When it happened What I learnt/How our relationship changed What caused it How it ended Complete the messages with the correct form of the words and  expression in brackets. Dad, You can't just take my phone away. I actually use it for many important things. It helps me stay in touch with my friends after school.But now I           (cut off) from them! Do you still remember my space project from last term? A lot of the research           (do) on my phone. And I did a really great job. Can I have my phone back,please? Samantha Production was cut off was done 被动语态 一、被动语态核心定义 当动作的承受者作句子主语时，用被动语态；强调 “被做、被怎样”，常用来表达客观事实、不知道动作执行者或无需提及执行者。 主动语态：主语是动作的发出者（谁做了某事） 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者（某事被谁做 / 被做了） 例：主动→Tom cleaned the room. 汤姆打扫了房间。 被动→The room was cleaned by Tom. 房间被汤姆打扫了。 二、被动语态核心结构 被动语态的基本构成：主语 + be 动词 + 动词的过去分词 (done) Useful expressions ·The problem was caused by... ·Inthe end,we.. ·I promised to...But... ·I'm sorry for... ·My parents thought that... ·After this disagreement,I learnt that... Production Write , I had a disagreement with my parents. We argued about . . . 被动语态 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + be 动词 + 主语 + 过去分词？ What was repaired by the worker? 这个工人修了什么？ 四、初中高频固定搭配的被动用法（必考） 主动句中常见动词 + sb. + to do sth. 结构，变被动时，to 必须保留，即sb. + be + 过去分词 + to do sth.。 核心动词：ask/tell/order/allow/encourage/invite 等。 例：主动→The teacher told us to read the text. 老师让我们读课文。 被动→We were told to read the text by the teacher. 我们被老师要求读课文。 五、动词过去分词的核心变化（被动语态的基础） 1. 规则变化（3 类核心） Change the following sentences into passive voice. 1. People speak English in many countries. 2. He doesn't finish the homework on time. 3. Do you water these flowers every morning? 4. Who does the teacher praise most in class? 1. English is spoken by people in many countries. 2. The homework is not finished by him on time. 3. Are these flowers watered by you every morning? 4. Who is praised most by the teacher in class? Think and share Evalution table (评价量表) Standard(标准) ★★★ ★★ ★  内容 经历的描述中包括了矛盾的起因、解决办法、最终结果以及个人收获等内容。       语言 句式多样，词汇丰富；语言准确，语意连贯，表达清楚，具有逻辑性。   尽可能多地使用本节课所学的相关表达，正确使用了一般过去时的被动语态句子。 Work and write It was a school day last term. I had a disagreement with my parents. We argued about my homework time. Earlier, l promised to do homework first after school. But after a busy day, I felt tired and just wanted to rest. However, my parents thought I should keep my promise. They kept asking me to do my homework. I felt sad because my words were not heard. I shouted at them. This made everyone unhappy. Later, I felt better. I said sorry and explained my feelings. My parents understood and comforted me. After we talked, a fair solution was reached: I could relax for 30 minutes before homework. After this disagreement, I learnt that it’s important to express myself clearly and listen to others patiently. What caused it? How did you deal with it? How was the problem solved? What did you learn from the experience? 一般过去时的被动语态 核心定义：一般过去时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去，且主语是动作的承受者。 构成：一般过去时的被动语态由“主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词（+by+动作执行者）”构成。 例句：The mobile phone has greatly influenced people's life since it was invented. 手机自发明以来极大地影响了人们的生活。 These books were written for children. 这些书是写给儿童的。 Think and share Have you had a difficult experience with your parents, just like Samantha and her dad? What caused it? (矛盾的起因) How did you deal with it? (解决办法) How was the problem solved? (最终结果) What did you learn from the experience? (获得的启示) I promised to do homework first afterschool. But after a busy day, I felt tired and just wanted to rest. My parents thought I should keep my promise. I said sorry and explained my feelings. My parents understood and comforted me. After we talked, a fair solution was reached: I could relax for 30 minutes before homework. It’s important to express myself clearly and listen to others patiently. Homework 必做（Compulsory）: Improve the story you wrote in class. Make sure it is coherent and check the accurate use of the passive voice. 选做（Optional）: Find 2-3 sentences using the passive voice (any tense) in real-life contexts like notices, news headlines, or instructions. Copy them down and write a brief reason why you think the passive voice is used in each case. Thank you！ 25 $