Unit 5 课时4 Grammar（分层作业）英语新教材译林版八年级下册

Unit 5 Good manners 课时4 Grammar 分层作业 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 ( 词汇 f ully ad v . 完全地，全部地 ， 充分地 all at once 一起，同时 jump the line 插队 loudly adv. 大声地 ； 吵闹地 cool off 变凉，冷却下来 c ase n. 特殊情况 ； 病例 i n case 以防万一 run into sb/sth 撞上 p ush vi.&vt. 挤开 ； 推动 past prep. 在另一边，到另一侧 in one's way 挡着 … 的路 discussion n. 讨论 c heat vi.&vt. 欺骗 promise vt.&vi. 承诺 ， 许诺 k eep one's word信守诺言 pear n. 梨 e ven though 尽管 ， 即使 o wn vt. 拥有 句型 1. To enjoy world travel fully, avoid too much planning all at once . 为了充分享受世界旅行，避免一次做太多的计划。 2. Please wait patiently enough to let everyone get their turn . Don't jump the line . 请耐心等待，让每个人都有机会。不要插队。 3. Don't blow on your food if it is too hot. Wait a few minutes for it to cool off . 如果食物太热，不要对着它吹气。等几分钟让它冷却。 4. Don't walk too fast in case you run into someone . 不要走得太快，以防撞到人。 5. In public places, people are polite enough to keep their voices down . 在公共场所，人们会礼貌地压低声音 。 6. Also, they are too kind to push past you when you are in their way . 而且，当你挡了他们的路时，他们太善良了，不会从你身边 挤过去 。 7. If he promised others something , he always kept his word . 如果他答应别人某事，他总是遵守诺言。 8. He was too honest to take others' things, even though no one knew who owned the pear tree. 他太诚实了，不会拿别人的东西，尽管没有人知道梨树的主人是谁。 ) 一、单词默写。 1. ________ [ˈfʊli] adv.完全地，全部地，充分地 2. ________ [ˈlaʊdli] adv. 大声地；吵闹地 3. ________ [keɪs] n. 特殊情况；病例 4. ________ [pʊʃ] vi.&vt. 挤开；推动 5. ________ [pɑ:st] prep. 在另一边，到另一侧 6. ________ [dɪˈskʌʃ(ə)n] n. 讨论 7. ________ [tʃi:t] vi.&vt. 欺骗 8. ________ [ˈprɒmɪs] vt.&vi.承诺，许诺 9. ________ [peə(r)] n. 梨 10. ________ [əʊn] vt. 拥有 二、词组默写。 1. 充分享受环球旅行 _______________________ 2. 慢慢来；别着急 _______________________ 3. 轮到某人 _______________________ 4. 插队 _______________________ 5. 对着食物吹气 ___________________ 6. 冷却；降温 _______________________ 7. 压低他们的声音 _________________________ 8. 向某人承诺某事 ___________________ 9. 信守承诺 ______________________ 10. 尽管，即使 ___________________ 11. 属于某人 ______________________ 三、根据要求完成句子 1. 为了充分享受世界旅行，避免一次做太多的计划。 To enjoy world travel fully, avoid too much ______ ______ ______ ______. 2. 请耐心等待，让每个人都有机会。不要插队。 Please wait patiently enough to let everyone ______ ______ ______. Don't ______ ______ ______. 3. 如果食物太热，不要对着它吹气。等几分钟让它冷却。 Don't ______ ______ your food if it is too hot. Wait a few minutes for it to ______ ______. 4. 不要走得太快，以防撞到人。 Don't walk too fast ______ ______ you ______ ______ someone. 5. 在公共场所，人们会礼貌地压低声音。 In public places, people are polite enough to ______ ______ ______ ______. 6. 而且，当你挡了他们的路时，他们太善良了，不会从你身边挤过去。 Also, they are too kind to ______ ______ you when you are ______ ______ ______. 7. 如果他答应别人某事，他总是遵守诺言。 If he promised others something, he always ______ ______ ______. 8. 他太诚实了，不会拿别人的东西，尽管没有人知道梨树的主人是谁。 He was too honest to take others' things, ______ ______ no one knew who owned the pear tree. 四、语法填空。 根据短文内容，在横线上填入一个适当的词（词组）或括号内单词的正确形式。 In China, there are many rules for eating. These rules are an important part of Chinese culture. Whether at a restaurant or someone’s home, knowing these rules 1 (help) you fit in. People around you will feel more comfortable, too. Chinese table manners come from old traditions. You must follow these rules. If not, you may make people 2 (happy). In fact, many Chinese families 3 (teach) their children these manners since they were very little. Here are some easy rules to remember. Food is served in big dishes. Most of the time, shared chopsticks 4 (provide) on the table. Use them 5 (take) food to your plate. If there are no shared chopsticks, 6 (watch) others and do the same. Sometimes, a host puts food in your bowl. This is normal. Eat the food people give you. If you can’t eat something, finish the rest. 7 (leave) a little food shows you are full. Never put your chopsticks straight up in rice. People do this at funerals (葬礼). Don’t play with your chopsticks. Don’t point at things with 8 (they). Don’t tap them on the table. Put your chopsticks on your plate when you finish. When you toast (敬酒), hold your glass 9 (low) than older people’s. It’s okay to spit bones onto the table, next to your plate. Don’t be 10 (surprise) if people eat with their mouths open. This is normal in China. Just enjoy your meal. 五、单项选择。 1．—Why do you recommend Sandy to be a volunteer for the meeting? —She is ________ to notice small changes around her and ready to give help in need. A．too careful B．careful enough C．too careless D．careless enough 2．The little boy is not _________ to carry the heavy box. Let’s help him. A．enough strong B．strong enough C．too strong D．so strong 3．—Mum, I wonder if I can take part in the summer camp. —Sure. You are ________ to decide things by yourself. A．too old B．too young C．old enough D．enough old 4．—Do you think we students can use the Chinese AI Model DeepSeek easily? —Certainly! It is ________ for us to learn to use. A．too easy B．easy enough C．too difficult D．difficult enough 5．—The box is ________ for me to carry. Who can help me? —I think Simon is ________ to do it. A．too heavy; too strong B．so heavy; enough strong C．too heavy; strong enough D．so heavy; too strong 六、完形填空。 阅读下列短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Alex was excited to visit his cousin Lucas in Brazil. He had never been to South America before, and he couldn’t wait to walk around the colorful streets and try the delicious food. But his mom 1 him, “Every country has its own way of doing things. When in Rome, do as the Romans do!” The first day, Lucas took Alex to a local festival. The streets were 2 with music, dancing and lots of people. Lucas introduced Alex to his friends, and each time, Alex tried to give them a usual handshake. 3 , Lucas kept saying, “No, no, Alex! You have to do the Brazilian handshake!” Lucas showed Alex a special handshake. First, they did a high-five 4 by a shoulder bump. After that, they crossed their arms and spun (旋转) around, and then they turned back to shake each other’s hand. Alex got so confused (疑惑) that he hit Lucas in the nose. “Ouch!” Lucas shouted, laughing. “That’s not how you do it!” Alex’s face turned red, but he laughed too, “I guess I need more 5 !” Alex tried to follow many more times, but he kept going wrong. Every time he tried, he ended up 6 Lucas in the face or making a funny noise. Even though Alex kept making mistakes, everyone thought it was interesting. They all tried to 7 him the Brazilian handshake, and soon, the whole group were laughing and messing up together. Alex realized that sometimes, making mistakes can be the 8 part of learning. By the end of the day, Alex finally got it 9 after trying the handshake so many times. He felt 10 of himself and grateful for the fun time with his cousin and new friends. He learned that being open to new things and having a sense of humour can make any trip amazing. 1．A．trained B．warned C．prevented D．invited 2．A．filled B．covered C．decorated D．built 3．A．Since B．Moreover C．Otherwise D．However 4．A．cleared B．started C．followed D．moved 5．A．support B．business C．practice D．discussion 6．A．tying B．hitting C．missing D．breaking 7．A．teach B．send C．offer D．leave 8．A．safest B．wisest C．simplest D．tiniest 9．A．fast B．lost C．past D．right 10．A．tired B．proud C．afraid D．strange 七、阅读理解。 Everyone loves receiving gifts, and across cultures, presents are a way to show care and love. However, traditions are not the same in every country. As a European living in China, I’ve seen some interesting differences. For example, while fruit and milk are common gifts here, in my culture, they might be a better choice when you are visiting someone in the hospital. When you get invited to a dinner party, a bottle of fine wine is also a good gift. Still, it’s best to check if your hosts drink alcohol (酒). Many Europeans will typically open their presents right away, except in places like Germany. It’s also important to take off the price tag (标签). What if you don’t like your gift? In Spain, you still need to say you love the gift to avoid hurting the other person’s feelings. But if they remember to leave the receipt (收据) inside the gift, which is a very common practice in Spain, you can just exchange it for something else. Re-gifting (礼物转送) is another good idea, as long as the present looks new. Jennifer Molski from Chicago has turned re-gifting into a nice project, collecting gifts people didn’t want for those in need, CBS News reported. How the present looks is also important. However, by using wrapping paper (包装纸) for every present we buy, we produce a lot of waste. Germans value high-quality (高品质的) wrapping paper, but many are now choosing newspaper or maps to help the environment. Do Europeans give money as gifts? Yes. Polish couples, for example, often request cash (现金) at weddings (婚礼) to cover the cost of the venue (场地) and meals. Finally, remember: It’s the thought that counts, not the size or the cost of the gift. 1．What might be a good gift to take to someone in the hospital in the author’s culture? A．Books. B．Fruit. C．Some cash. D．A bottle of fine wine. 2．Why do some Spanish people leave the receipt inside presents? A．To show the price of the gift. B．To make it easier to re-gift the item. C．To show respect to the receiver. D．To allow the receiver to exchange the gift. 3．How can people deal with the gift they don’t like, according to Paragraph 6? A．They can sell it. B．They can return it to the giver. C．They can give it to someone else. D．They can take it back to the store. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The gift-giving culture in different countries. B．Recent changes in gift-giving in Europe. C．Why we should re-gift unwanted presents. D．How people in Spain give and receive gifts. 八、阅读表达。 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 Learning the language of a country isn’t enough. If you want a great visit, find out as much as possible about the manners and customs of the country you are visiting. People in India think it impolite to use the left hand to pass food at table. The left hand is used for washing yourself. Also in India, you might see a man shake his head at another to show that he doesn’t agree. However, in many parts of India shaking the head means “yes”. In Bulgaria, you shake your head to mean “yes” and nod to mean “no”. At a meal in countries on the Arabic Peninsula (阿拉伯半岛), you will find that your glass is full again as soon as you drink up . If you think that you have had enough, you can put your hand over the top. In Europe it’s quite usual to cross your legs when you are sitting and talking to someone even at an important meeting. Doing this in Thailand, however, could bring trouble. Also, you should try not to touch the head of an adult (成人)—it’s just not good in Thailand. 1．How will you show others that you don’t agree in Bulgaria after reading the passage? 2．What does the writer want to tell us through the passage? 3．Do you think it necessary to learn about the customs of a foreign country before we visit it?  Why or Why not? 阅读下面的短文，并根据所读内容，在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。（注意：每个空格只填一个单词） Teaching good manners can seem like a lot of work, but it is as important as brushing teeth twice a day. Actually, just give time and any child can learn to be polite. Here are some tips on how to help kids remember good manners in their daily life. Sometimes children may be willing to listen to someone instead of their parents. Turn to friends, family, and teachers and encourage them to practice good manners at all times. If an uncle burps (打嗝) at the dinner table, have him say “Excuse me.” or “Pardon me.” “If your children jump on the sofa at Grandma’s house, have her explain that jumping on furniture is impolite. This shows that a different person can be more effective (有效的) than the same one who is heard all the time. If no one plays down (对……轻描淡写) bad manners, your kids won’t either. Prepare for different situations in which your kids need to behave politely. If you’re in your backyard where a child has been on the swings (秋千) too long, he doesn’t notice others waiting. Show how you would politely ask the child to give everyone else a turn. With practice, your child will have the confidence to deal with any situation with politeness and good manners. Family dinners are perfect situations for practicing table manners, such as learning how to use utensils (餐具), eating properly, your child has a chance to experience and eat new foods in a safe environment. This will encourage him to be open and excited about new dishes and situations. If he doesn’t like the food, teach him how to refuse it without complaining about it. Advise him to eat his favourite food in small and slow bites with practice. When my child used to point out someone’s bad manners, I would ask him what that person should have done differently. Talk about different situations, ask what words he can use to sound polite when talking to an adult.  Ask your child to share his ideas with you. Encourage him to practice them as soon as possible and ask him to report what happens and if the result is good. 1 to Practice Good Manners Get others to help ▶Children may accept others’ advice more 2 . ▶A different person can do 3 work than the same one who is always heard. Role-play situations ▶Help kids to 4 good manners in different situations.   ▶In this way, kids will be 5 to deal with any situation. Eat dinner as a family ▶Teach kids to use utensils, eat and talk 6 .   ▶Tell kids not to 7 about the food they dislike.   8 to your child’s ideas ▶Ask your child 9 he thinks of someone’s bad manners.   ▶Discuss with your child and encourage him to put his ideas into 10 in different situations. ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Good manners 课时4 Grammar 分层作业 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 ( 词汇 f ully ad v . 完全地，全部地 ， 充分地 all at once 一起，同时 jump the line 插队 loudly adv. 大声地 ； 吵闹地 cool off 变凉，冷却下来 c ase n. 特殊情况 ； 病例 i n case 以防万一 run into sb/sth 撞上 p ush vi.&vt. 挤开 ； 推动 past prep. 在另一边，到另一侧 in one's way 挡着 … 的路 discussion n. 讨论 c heat vi.&vt. 欺骗 promise vt.&vi. 承诺 ， 许诺 k eep one's word信守诺言 pear n. 梨 e ven though 尽管 ， 即使 o wn vt. 拥有 句型 1. To enjoy world travel fully, avoid too much planning all at once . 为了充分享受世界旅行，避免一次做太多的计划。 2. Please wait patiently enough to let everyone get their turn . Don't jump the line . 请耐心等待，让每个人都有机会。不要插队。 3. Don't blow on your food if it is too hot. Wait a few minutes for it to cool off . 如果食物太热，不要对着它吹气。等几分钟让它冷却。 4. Don't walk too fast in case you run into someone . 不要走得太快，以防撞到人。 5. In public places, people are polite enough to keep their voices down . 在公共场所，人们会礼貌地压低声音 。 6. Also, they are too kind to push past you when you are in their way . 而且，当你挡了他们的路时，他们太善良了，不会从你身边 挤过去 。 7. If he promised others something , he always kept his word . 如果他答应别人某事，他总是遵守诺言。 8. He was too honest to take others' things, even though no one knew who owned the pear tree. 他太诚实了，不会拿别人的东西，尽管没有人知道梨树的主人是谁。 ) 一、单词默写。 1. ________ [ˈfʊli] adv.完全地，全部地，充分地 2. ________ [ˈlaʊdli] adv. 大声地；吵闹地 3. ________ [keɪs] n. 特殊情况；病例 4. ________ [pʊʃ] vi.&vt. 挤开；推动 5. ________ [pɑ:st] prep. 在另一边，到另一侧 6. ________ [dɪˈskʌʃ(ə)n] n. 讨论 7. ________ [tʃi:t] vi.&vt. 欺骗 8. ________ [ˈprɒmɪs] vt.&vi.承诺，许诺 9. ________ [peə(r)] n. 梨 10. ________ [əʊn] vt. 拥有 【答案】fully；loudly；case；push；past；discussion；cheat；promise；pear；own 二、词组默写。 1. 充分享受环球旅行 _______________________ 2. 慢慢来；别着急 _______________________ 3. 轮到某人 _______________________ 4. 插队 _______________________ 5. 对着食物吹气 ___________________ 6. 冷却；降温 _______________________ 7. 压低他们的声音 _________________________ 8. 向某人承诺某事 ___________________ 9. 信守承诺 ______________________ 10. 尽管，即使 ___________________ 11. 属于某人 ______________________ 【答案】1.enjoy world travel fully；2. take your time；3. get one’s turn；4. jump the line；5. blow on your food；6. cool off；7. keep their voices down；8. promise sb. sth.；9. keep one’s word；10. even though；11. belong to sb. 三、根据要求完成句子 1. 为了充分享受世界旅行，避免一次做太多的计划。 To enjoy world travel fully, avoid too much ______ ______ ______ ______. 2. 请耐心等待，让每个人都有机会。不要插队。 Please wait patiently enough to let everyone ______ ______ ______. Don't ______ ______ ______. 3. 如果食物太热，不要对着它吹气。等几分钟让它冷却。 Don't ______ ______ your food if it is too hot. Wait a few minutes for it to ______ ______. 4. 不要走得太快，以防撞到人。 Don't walk too fast ______ ______ you ______ ______ someone. 5. 在公共场所，人们会礼貌地压低声音。 In public places, people are polite enough to ______ ______ ______ ______. 6. 而且，当你挡了他们的路时，他们太善良了，不会从你身边挤过去。 Also, they are too kind to ______ ______ you when you are ______ ______ ______. 7. 如果他答应别人某事，他总是遵守诺言。 If he promised others something, he always ______ ______ ______. 8. 他太诚实了，不会拿别人的东西，尽管没有人知道梨树的主人是谁。 He was too honest to take others' things, ______ ______ no one knew who owned the pear tree. 【答案】1. planning all at once；2. get their turn; jump the line；3. blow on; cool off；4. in case; run into；5. keep their voices down；6. push past; in their way；7. kept his word；8. even though 四、语法填空。 根据短文内容，在横线上填入一个适当的词（词组）或括号内单词的正确形式。 In China, there are many rules for eating. These rules are an important part of Chinese culture. Whether at a restaurant or someone’s home, knowing these rules 1 (help) you fit in. People around you will feel more comfortable, too. Chinese table manners come from old traditions. You must follow these rules. If not, you may make people 2 (happy). In fact, many Chinese families 3 (teach) their children these manners since they were very little. Here are some easy rules to remember. Food is served in big dishes. Most of the time, shared chopsticks 4 (provide) on the table. Use them 5 (take) food to your plate. If there are no shared chopsticks, 6 (watch) others and do the same. Sometimes, a host puts food in your bowl. This is normal. Eat the food people give you. If you can’t eat something, finish the rest. 7 (leave) a little food shows you are full. Never put your chopsticks straight up in rice. People do this at funerals (葬礼). Don’t play with your chopsticks. Don’t point at things with 8 (they). Don’t tap them on the table. Put your chopsticks on your plate when you finish. When you toast (敬酒), hold your glass 9 (low) than older people’s. It’s okay to spit bones onto the table, next to your plate. Don’t be 10 (surprise) if people eat with their mouths open. This is normal in China. Just enjoy your meal. 【答案】 1． helps 2．unhappy 3．have taught 4．are provided 5．to take 6．watch 7．Leaving 8．them 9．lower 10．surprised 【导语】本文讲了在中国吃饭时需要注意的一些饭桌礼仪。 1．句意：无论是在餐厅还是在别人家里，了解这些规则帮助你融入其中。此处描述客观情况，用一般现在时，主语是动名词，谓语动词用单三。故填helps。 2．句意：如果你不遵守这些规则，你会使人们不高兴。根据“You must follow these rules.”可知人们要遵守餐桌礼仪，如果不遵守，是会让人不高兴的，“unhappy”意为“不高兴的”。故填unhappy。 3．句意：事实上，许多中国家庭从孩子很小的时候就开始教他们这些礼仪了。根据“since they were very little”可知前面句子用现在完成时态，主语“many Chinese families”是可数名词复数，现在完成时态结构用“have+过去分词”，“teach”的过去分词是“taught”。故填have taught。 4．句意：大多数时候，餐桌上会提供公筷。根据“shared chopsticks”和“provide”之间的关系可知，公筷是被提供的，句子用被动语态，“shared chopsticks”是可数名词复数，句子用一般现在时，be动词用“are”，“provide”的过去分词是“provided”。故填are provided。 5．句意：用它们拿食物到你的盘子。根据“use”和“take”两个动词可知，需用“use sth. to do”的结构。故填to take。 6．句意：如果没有公筷，就观察别人并照着做。根据“...and do the same”可知，所填动词需和“do”保持一致，也用动词原形构成祈使句。故填watch。 7．句意：留下一点食物表明你饱了。根据“shows”可知句子需用动名词作主语，“leave”的动名词形式是“leaving”。故填Leaving。 8．句意：不要用它们指东西。根据“with”可知介词后用宾格，“they”的宾格是“them”。故填them。 9．句意：敬酒时，你的酒杯要比年长者的举得低。根据“than”可知句子是比较级句型，“low”的比较级是“lower”。故填lower。 10．句意：如果人们张着嘴吃饭，不要感到惊讶。根据“be”可知后面要填一个形容词，“surprise”的形容词形式“surprised”意为“惊讶的”，可以表达人的感受。故填surprised。 五、单项选择。 1．—Why do you recommend Sandy to be a volunteer for the meeting? —She is ________ to notice small changes around her and ready to give help in need. A．too careful B．careful enough C．too careless D．careless enough 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你为什么推荐桑迪成为会议志愿者？——她足够细心，能注意到周围的小变化，并随时准备在需要时给予帮助。 考查形容词和副词用法。too careful太仔细；careful enough足够细心；too careless太粗心；careless enough足够粗心。根据“She is…to notice small changes around her and ready to give help in need.”可知，此处指她足够细心，能注意到周围的小变化，enough+形容词+to do sth.“足够……去做某事”，应用careful enough。故选B。 2．The little boy is not _________ to carry the heavy box. Let’s help him. A．enough strong B．strong enough C．too strong D．so strong 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个小男孩不够强壮，搬不动这个重箱子。我们帮帮他吧。 考查enough的用法。adj./adv. enough to do sth.意为“足够……，能够做某事”，enough修饰形容词或副词要后置，排除选项A；too…to…“太……不能……”，此结构通常不用于否定句中，排除选项C；so…that…“如此……以至于……”，that后面跟从句，排除选项D。故选B。 3．—Mum, I wonder if I can take part in the summer camp. —Sure. You are ________ to decide things by yourself. A．too old B．too young C．old enough D．enough old 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我想知道我是否能参加夏令营。——当然可以啦。你已经长大了，可以自己做决定了。 考查形容词辨析及enough后置。too old太大；too young太年轻；old enough足够大；enough old错误表达。根据“Mum, I wonder if I can take part in the summer camp.”以及“Sure”可知，妈妈认为孩子足够大了，可以去参加夏令营，old enough符合题意，enough修饰形容词要后置。故选C。 4．—Do you think we students can use the Chinese AI Model DeepSeek easily? —Certainly! It is ________ for us to learn to use. A．too easy B．easy enough C．too difficult D．difficult enough 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你认为我们学生可以轻松使用中国人工智能模型Deepseek吗？——当然！它对我们来说很容易学会使用。 考查enough用法和形容词辨析。too easy太容易；easy enough足够容易；too difficult太困难，difficult enough足够困难。too...to do“太……而不能做某事”，enough to do“足够做某事”；根据“Certainly!”可知，说话者认为学习使用Deepseek足够容易。故选B。 5．—The box is ________ for me to carry. Who can help me? —I think Simon is ________ to do it. A．too heavy; too strong B．so heavy; enough strong C．too heavy; strong enough D．so heavy; too strong 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这个箱子对我来说太重了，我搬不动。谁能帮我？——我认为西蒙足够强壮来做这件事。 考查too...to结构及enough的用法。根据“The box is...for me to carry. Who can help me?”可知，是指箱子重到无法搬动，应用too...to表示“太……以至于不能”；根据“Simon is...to do it.”可知，是指西蒙足够强壮可以帮忙搬动箱子，修饰形容词时，enough需后置。故选C。 六、完形填空。 阅读下列短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Alex was excited to visit his cousin Lucas in Brazil. He had never been to South America before, and he couldn’t wait to walk around the colorful streets and try the delicious food. But his mom 1 him, “Every country has its own way of doing things. When in Rome, do as the Romans do!” The first day, Lucas took Alex to a local festival. The streets were 2 with music, dancing and lots of people. Lucas introduced Alex to his friends, and each time, Alex tried to give them a usual handshake. 3 , Lucas kept saying, “No, no, Alex! You have to do the Brazilian handshake!” Lucas showed Alex a special handshake. First, they did a high-five 4 by a shoulder bump. After that, they crossed their arms and spun (旋转) around, and then they turned back to shake each other’s hand. Alex got so confused (疑惑) that he hit Lucas in the nose. “Ouch!” Lucas shouted, laughing. “That’s not how you do it!” Alex’s face turned red, but he laughed too, “I guess I need more 5 !” Alex tried to follow many more times, but he kept going wrong. Every time he tried, he ended up 6 Lucas in the face or making a funny noise. Even though Alex kept making mistakes, everyone thought it was interesting. They all tried to 7 him the Brazilian handshake, and soon, the whole group were laughing and messing up together. Alex realized that sometimes, making mistakes can be the 8 part of learning. By the end of the day, Alex finally got it 9 after trying the handshake so many times. He felt 10 of himself and grateful for the fun time with his cousin and new friends. He learned that being open to new things and having a sense of humour can make any trip amazing. 1．A．trained B．warned C．prevented D．invited 2．A．filled B．covered C．decorated D．built 3．A．Since B．Moreover C．Otherwise D．However 4．A．cleared B．started C．followed D．moved 5．A．support B．business C．practice D．discussion 6．A．tying B．hitting C．missing D．breaking 7．A．teach B．send C．offer D．leave 8．A．safest B．wisest C．simplest D．tiniest 9．A．fast B．lost C．past D．right 10．A．tired B．proud C．afraid D．strange 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了亚历克斯在巴西拜访表亲时，通过多次练习和朋友的帮助学会当地特殊的握手方式，意识到敞开心扉接受新事物并保持幽默感能让旅行充满惊喜。 1．句意：但是他的妈妈警告他：“每个国家都有自己的做事方式。入乡随俗！”    trained训练；warned警告；prevented阻止；invited邀请。根据妈妈所说的“入乡随俗”可知，妈妈是在告诫Alex注意当地习俗，故选B。   2．句意：街道充满了音乐、舞蹈和许多人。    filled充满；covered覆盖；decorated装饰；built建造。be filled with表示“充满”，符合街道上充满活动和人群的场景，故选A。 3．句意：每次，亚历克斯都试图和他们进行通常的握手。然而，卢卡斯一直说：“不，不，亚历克斯！你必须用巴西的握手方式！”    Since因为；Moreover此外；Otherwise否则；However然而。前句提到亚历克斯用常规握手，后句卢卡斯纠正他，前后为转折关系，故选D。 4． 句意：首先，他们击掌，接着是碰肩。    cleared清除；started开始；followed跟随；moved移动。followed by表示“紧接着”，描述握手步骤的顺序，故选C。 5．句意：我想我需要更多练习！    support支持；business生意；practice练习；discussion讨论。亚历克斯总是做错握手动作，因此需要“练习”，故选C。 6．句意：每次尝试，他最终都会打到卢卡斯的脸或发出滑稽的声音。    tying系；hitting打；missing错过；breaking打破。根据前文“he hit Lucas in the nose”可知，此处指“打到脸”，故选B。 7．句意：他们都试图教他巴西的握手方式。    teach教；send送；offer提供；leave离开。结合语境，朋友们在“教”亚历克斯当地的握手礼仪，故选A。 8．句意：亚历克斯意识到，有时犯错可能是学习中最明智的部分。   safest最安全的；wisest最明智的；simplest最简单的；tiniest最小的。犯错能带来经验，对应“明智的学习方式”，故选B。 9．句意：经过多次尝试，亚历克斯终于做对了。    fast快地；lost丢失的；past过去的；right正确的。get it right表示“做对”，符合最终成功的语境，故选D。 10．句意：他为自己感到自豪，并感激与表亲和新朋友度过的快乐时光。    tired疲惫的；proud自豪的；afraid害怕的；strange奇怪的。成功掌握握手方式后，自然会感到“自豪”，故选B。 七、阅读理解。 Everyone loves receiving gifts, and across cultures, presents are a way to show care and love. However, traditions are not the same in every country. As a European living in China, I’ve seen some interesting differences. For example, while fruit and milk are common gifts here, in my culture, they might be a better choice when you are visiting someone in the hospital. When you get invited to a dinner party, a bottle of fine wine is also a good gift. Still, it’s best to check if your hosts drink alcohol (酒). Many Europeans will typically open their presents right away, except in places like Germany. It’s also important to take off the price tag (标签). What if you don’t like your gift? In Spain, you still need to say you love the gift to avoid hurting the other person’s feelings. But if they remember to leave the receipt (收据) inside the gift, which is a very common practice in Spain, you can just exchange it for something else. Re-gifting (礼物转送) is another good idea, as long as the present looks new. Jennifer Molski from Chicago has turned re-gifting into a nice project, collecting gifts people didn’t want for those in need, CBS News reported. How the present looks is also important. However, by using wrapping paper (包装纸) for every present we buy, we produce a lot of waste. Germans value high-quality (高品质的) wrapping paper, but many are now choosing newspaper or maps to help the environment. Do Europeans give money as gifts? Yes. Polish couples, for example, often request cash (现金) at weddings (婚礼) to cover the cost of the venue (场地) and meals. Finally, remember: It’s the thought that counts, not the size or the cost of the gift. 1．What might be a good gift to take to someone in the hospital in the author’s culture? A．Books. B．Fruit. C．Some cash. D．A bottle of fine wine. 2．Why do some Spanish people leave the receipt inside presents? A．To show the price of the gift. B．To make it easier to re-gift the item. C．To show respect to the receiver. D．To allow the receiver to exchange the gift. 3．How can people deal with the gift they don’t like, according to Paragraph 6? A．They can sell it. B．They can return it to the giver. C．They can give it to someone else. D．They can take it back to the store. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The gift-giving culture in different countries. B．Recent changes in gift-giving in Europe. C．Why we should re-gift unwanted presents. D．How people in Spain give and receive gifts. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了不同国家的送礼文化，包括在不同场合下送什么样的礼物合适，以及如何处理不喜欢的礼物等内容。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For example, while fruit and milk are common gifts here, in my culture, they might be a better choice when you are visiting someone in the hospital.”可知，在作者的文化中，去医院看望病人时，水果和牛奶可能是更好的选择。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“But if they remember to leave the receipt (收据) inside the gift, which is a very common practice in Spain, you can just exchange it for something else.”可知，西班牙人在礼物里放收据是为了让收礼人可以更换礼物。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Re-gifting (礼物转送) is another good idea, as long as the present looks new.”可知，如果不喜欢收到的礼物，可以将其转送给其他人，只要礼物看起来是新的。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“However, traditions are not the same in every country.”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了不同国家的送礼文化。故选A。 八、阅读表达。 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 Learning the language of a country isn’t enough. If you want a great visit, find out as much as possible about the manners and customs of the country you are visiting. People in India think it impolite to use the left hand to pass food at table. The left hand is used for washing yourself. Also in India, you might see a man shake his head at another to show that he doesn’t agree. However, in many parts of India shaking the head means “yes”. In Bulgaria, you shake your head to mean “yes” and nod to mean “no”. At a meal in countries on the Arabic Peninsula (阿拉伯半岛), you will find that your glass is full again as soon as you drink up . If you think that you have had enough, you can put your hand over the top. In Europe it’s quite usual to cross your legs when you are sitting and talking to someone even at an important meeting. Doing this in Thailand, however, could bring trouble. Also, you should try not to touch the head of an adult (成人)—it’s just not good in Thailand. 1．How will you show others that you don’t agree in Bulgaria after reading the passage? 2．What does the writer want to tell us through the passage? 3．Do you think it necessary to learn about the customs of a foreign country before we visit it?  Why or Why not? 【答案】1．I will nod to mean “no”. 2．The writer wants to tell us the customs and manners of different countries. 3．Yes. Because knowing their customs can help us avoid impoliteness. (开放性试题，回答合理即可） 【导语】本文介绍了不同国家的风俗和礼仪习惯，强调了在访问一个国家之前了解其文化的重要性。 1．根据文章“In Bulgaria, you shake your head to mean ‘yes’ and nod to mean ‘no’.”可知，在保加利亚，点头表示“不”。故填I will nod to mean “no”. 2．文章介绍了不同国家的风俗习惯，强调学习当地文化的重要性，因此作者想表达“不同国家有不同的风俗和礼仪”。故填The writer wants to tell us the customs and manners of different countries. 3．文章建议在访问一个国家之前，应了解其风俗习惯，以避免失礼，因此学习外国的风俗是必要的。故填Yes. Because knowing their customs can help us avoid impoliteness. (开放性试题，回答合理即可） 阅读下面的短文，并根据所读内容，在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。（注意：每个空格只填一个单词） Teaching good manners can seem like a lot of work, but it is as important as brushing teeth twice a day. Actually, just give time and any child can learn to be polite. Here are some tips on how to help kids remember good manners in their daily life. Sometimes children may be willing to listen to someone instead of their parents. Turn to friends, family, and teachers and encourage them to practice good manners at all times. If an uncle burps (打嗝) at the dinner table, have him say “Excuse me.” or “Pardon me.” “If your children jump on the sofa at Grandma’s house, have her explain that jumping on furniture is impolite. This shows that a different person can be more effective (有效的) than the same one who is heard all the time. If no one plays down (对……轻描淡写) bad manners, your kids won’t either. Prepare for different situations in which your kids need to behave politely. If you’re in your backyard where a child has been on the swings (秋千) too long, he doesn’t notice others waiting. Show how you would politely ask the child to give everyone else a turn. With practice, your child will have the confidence to deal with any situation with politeness and good manners. Family dinners are perfect situations for practicing table manners, such as learning how to use utensils (餐具), eating properly, your child has a chance to experience and eat new foods in a safe environment. This will encourage him to be open and excited about new dishes and situations. If he doesn’t like the food, teach him how to refuse it without complaining about it. Advise him to eat his favourite food in small and slow bites with practice. When my child used to point out someone’s bad manners, I would ask him what that person should have done differently. Talk about different situations, ask what words he can use to sound polite when talking to an adult.  Ask your child to share his ideas with you. Encourage him to practice them as soon as possible and ask him to report what happens and if the result is good. 1 to Practice Good Manners Get others to help ▶Children may accept others’ advice more 2 . ▶A different person can do 3 work than the same one who is always heard. Role-play situations ▶Help kids to 4 good manners in different situations.   ▶In this way, kids will be 5 to deal with any situation. Eat dinner as a family ▶Teach kids to use utensils, eat and talk 6 .   ▶Tell kids not to 7 about the food they dislike.   8 to your child’s ideas ▶Ask your child 9 he thinks of someone’s bad manners.   ▶Discuss with your child and encourage him to put his ideas into 10 in different situations. 【答案】 1．How 2．willingly 3．better 4．practice 5．confident 6．properly 7．complain 8．Listen 9．what 10．practice 【导语】本文介绍了四种帮助父母引导孩子养成良好礼仪的方式。 1．根据“Here are some tips on how to help kids remember good manners in their daily life.”可知，本文是一些关于如何帮助孩子在日常生活中保持礼貌的建议，how意为“如何”，首字母大写。故填How。 2．根据“Sometimes children may be willing to listen to someone instead of their parents.”可知，孩子们可能更愿意接受别人的建议。此处用副词“willingly”修饰动词，意为“愿意地”。故填willingly。 3．根据“This shows that a different person can be more effective (有效的) than the same one who is heard all the time.”可知，一个不同的人比一个总是被倾听的人能更有效地工作。由“than”可知，此处用形容词比较级形式better，意为“更好的”。故填better。 4．根据“With practice, your child will have the confidence to deal with any situation with politeness and good manners.”可知，帮助孩子在不同的情况下练习礼貌，practice意为“练习”，动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填practice。 5．根据“With practice, your child will have the confidence to deal with any situation with politeness and good manners.”可知，这样，孩子们将有信心应对任何情况。confident意为“有信心的”，形容词作表语。故填confident。 6．根据“Family dinners are perfect situations for practicing table manners, such as learning how to use utensils (餐具), eating properly, your child has a chance to experience and eat new foods in a safe environment.”可知，教孩子恰当地使用餐具、饮食和说话，此处用副词“properly”修饰动词，意为“恰当地”。故填properly。 7．根据“If he doesn’t like the food, teach him how to refuse it without complaining about it.”可知，告诉孩子们不要抱怨他们不喜欢的食物，complain意为“抱怨”，动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填complain。 8．根据“Ask your child to share his ideas with you.”可知，要倾听孩子的想法，listen意为“听”，句子是祈使句，以动词原形开头，首字母大写。故填Listen。 9．根据“When my child used to point out someone’s bad manners, I would ask him what that person should have done differently.”可知，应该问问你的孩子对某人的不礼貌有什么看法，what意为“什么”。故填what。 10．根据“Encourage him to practice them as soon as possible and ask him to report what happens and if the result is good.”可知，要与孩子讨论并鼓励他在不同的情况下将自己的想法付诸实践，practice意为“实践”，名词。故填practice。 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $