上海市某校2026届高三下学期模考 Model Test 7英语试题

Level C Model Test 7 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Hoverflies: Small Insects with a Big Job When people think about insects that help flowers reproduce, bees are usually the first ones they remember. This is understandable, as bees play a leading role in carrying pollen (花粉) from flower to flower. But they are not the only hard workers in nature. Hoverflies, small insects that look a bit like bees, are also important. Studies have shown that they help many of the world’s crops and wild plants grow (1)_____ moving pollen between flowers. Even (2)_____ (interesting) is that some hoverflies travel great distances. Scientists in Britain once found that billions of them cross the English Channel every year. (3)_____ they fly so far, they may help mix plant genes between different areas and make ecosystems stronger. To find out (4)_____ far their influence could reach, researchers decided to collect hoverflies from a place without any plants nearby—an oil platform in the North Sea, between Scotland and Norway. During four research trips between 2021 and 2023, 112 hoverflies (5)_____ (catch) on the platform as they stopped for a short rest. On nearly all of them, they found pollen, sometimes from as many as 14 kinds of plants. In total, the scientists discovered pollen from more than 100 species. The most common came from wild plants such as nettles and black elder, but some also came from crops grown (6)_____ (produce) vegetables, cereals, nuts, and fruits. By examining air movements, the researchers learned that these insects probably came from the Netherlands, Germany, and Denmark, and that they might (7)_____ (continue) their journey to Scotland or Norway. The places (8)_____ they were heading also had the same plant types as the pollen they carried. This suggests that hoverflies quietly connect faraway regions, (9)_____ (help) plants hundreds of kilometres apart to reproduce. Though often (10)_____ (ignore), they play a key role in keeping our world both productive and beautifully balanced. Section B A. incredible B. interruption C. mapped D. optimistic E. presented F. process G. recreated H. seeking I. slicing J. systematically K. theoretically Would you upload your mind into a computer? As far as science can tell, the brain creates your sense of self. Cells called neurons (神经元) fire in patterns that form your memories, likes, dislikes, and more. If, 11 , some instrument could gather enough information about the neurons in your brain, then that information could be saved in a data file. Then, perhaps, your unique network of neurons could be 12 , either in a computer virtual model or in some sort of artificial body. That sounds 13 — and it is. No technology can copy a whole brain. In 2019, researchers in Seattle 14 all the neurons in a tiny piece of mouse brain, only the size of a grain of sand. They cut it into 25,000 slices, took over 100 million pictures, and found more than 100,000 neurons with about a billion connections. This 15 took five months and ate up two million gigabytes (GB) of computer storage space. That’s enough to store 40,000 high-quality movies! And that’s all for one tiny mouse brain piece. Imaging an entire human brain with this technology today would require dozens of microscopes operating continuously, without 16 , for thousands of years. Another significant challenge has 17 itself. Current brain-scanning methods work by 18 up a brain, which only works with a dead subject. Michael S.A. Graziano is a neuroscientist at Princeton University in New Jersey. He recently wrote in The Wall Street Journal, “To upload a human brain, we probably want a scanner that doesn’t kill the subject … The most wildly 19 predictions place mind uploading within a few decades, but I would not be surprised if it took centuries.” Some people are willing to wait. The memory research company Nectome is based in San Francisco, California. In 2018, the group announced it was 20 to preserve brains just as a person dies. The idea is that in the future, if the technology is ever ready, scientists could bring that mind back to life. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Cloze Digital dependency, once seen as the curse of adolescence, is rapidly rewriting the experience of old age. The screens that distracted the young are now capturing the attention of the retired—with consequences both troubling and 21 . At Britain’s National Centre for Gaming Disorders, doctors once 22 parents and teenagers. Increasingly, they greet older faces: people in their fifties, sixties, even seventies, 23 not to violent video games but to the endless rounds of mobile puzzles or online chats. The clinic’s director admits that the elderly patients now form a small but steady stream, and their 24 reveal how deep technology has settled into everyday ageing. For decades, older adults were 25 television, a medium demanding little but time. Now that they carry their screens everywhere, their habits are 26 rather than shifting. Surveys in Britain show that people over seventy still watch more than five hours of broadcast TV a day—yet they now spend several additional hours online, checking online news, chatting, or streaming shows on tablets and phones. What once filled an evening has expanded to fill the 27 . Researchers are beginning to sound the same alarms once reserved for 28 . In South Korea, one in seven people in their sixties shows signs of phone 29 ; studies in Japan and China link excessive use to weaker sleep, reduced movement, and rising anxiety. The 30 of cause remains uncertain: do screens promote isolation, or does isolation push people toward screens? Either way, many older people now spend more time on screens than outdoors. Yet the picture is not purely 31 . For many, digital life offers the very connections that age and illness take away. Video calls reunite families living apart; online classes replace journeys long 32 ; social networks soften the edges of loneliness. Some doctors even report that moderate digital 33 helps sustain cognitive (认知的) function, acting as mental exercise for ageing minds. Virtual reality now promises an even deeper escape. One 85-year-old patient, struggling with depression, was guided through a digital 34 of her childhood street—a journey that reawakened memories and eased long-held sorrow. Her story suggests that the challenge of the coming decades will not be to keep the elderly offline, but to ensure that their 35 enhance rather than imprison the later years of life. 21. A. regrettable B. transformative C. heartbreaking D. irrelevant 22. A. refused B. challenged C. expected D. trusted 23. A. opposed B. sensitive C. resistant D. drawn 24. A. concerns B. cases C. health D. role 25. A. loyal to B. critical of C. fearful of D. responsive to 26. A. multiplying B. deepening C. emerging D. disappearing 27. A. hour B. night C. minute D. day 28. A. teenagers B. seniors C. employers D. enthusiasts 29. A. exhaustion B. visibility C. displacement D. addiction 30. A. nature B. direction C. discovery D. origin 31. A. favorable B. technological C. discouraging D. abstract 32. A. abandoned B. scheduled C. inspired D. understood 33. A. integration B. discipline C. engagement D. innovation 34. A. re-analysis B. re-construction C. re-distribution D. re-guidance 35. A. ages B. memories C. emotions D. screens Section B (A) Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine (疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year. The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work. But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger. That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year. The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer. Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy not to take vaccines,which are supposed to be required for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption, sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine. Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for not being vaccinated. But no one does enough to limit exemptions. Parents ought to be able to seek exemption only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks. 64．The first two paragraphs suggest that ____________. A．a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend B．the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention C．anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons D．information about measles spreads quickly 65．Herd immunity works well when ____________. A．exemptions are allowed B．several vaccines are used together C．the whole neighborhood is involved in D．new regulations are added to the state laws 66．What is the main reason for the comeback of measles? A．The overuse of vaccine. B．The lack of medical care. C．The features of measles itself. D．The refusals of vaccination. 67. What does the word “exemption” in paragraph 6 mean? A. being free of measles B. following an example C. being excused from vaccination D. forming immune system (B) Why Do We Do Things That Are Bad for Us? 🏛 Ancient Puzzle More than two thousand years ago, Greek philosophers such as Socrates and Aristotle debated a question that still feels modern: Why do people act against what they believe is best? They called this phenomenon akrasia—a failure of self-control in the face of temptation. While Socrates argued that truly knowing the good would make wrongdoing impossible, Aristotle observed that human desire often weakens our judgment, turning clear thinking into hesitation and regret. 🧠 Inside the Mind: Reason vs. Desire Modern research continues that dialogue. Richard Holton, a philosopher at Cambridge University, notes that we often choose what we don’t consider best: “It may feel idealistic,” he said, “but we constantly decide to do things we judge to be unwise.” · Psychologists describe akrasia as a conflict between our intentions and our actions. · Economists go further: revealed-preference theory suggests that behavior itself—what we actually do—reveals our true values more clearly than our words. 💰 The Pull of the Present According to psychologist George Ainslie, people naturally overvalue short-term rewards and undervalue long-term ones, a process known as hyperbolic discounting. That is why 41 · Survey Insight: 73 % of adults admit that their daily choices often conflict with their long-term goals. 🌿 The Power of Environment Philosopher and researcher Kalis argues that our surroundings—not just our willpower—shape self-control. Adjusting one’s environment may help resist temptation more effectively than simply “trying harder.” Leaving the phone outside the bedroom or scheduling exercise with a friend are examples of commitment devices—practical ways to prevent sudden shifts in behavior. 🎯 Turning Desire into Action Studies show that goals are achieved more often when we set a specific plan rather than vague intentions. Psychologist Peter Gollwitzer calls this an implementation intention: “If I finish my work, then I’ll watch one episode.” This method helps translate intention into behavior, reducing the mental space for excuses. Still, two conflicting intentions cannot coexist for long; one will eventually guide our action. 40. What does the term akrasia mainly refer to? A. A moment of hesitation before making a moral choice. B. A sudden change caused by strong emotional pressure. C. A complete loss of the ability to judge right from wrong. D. A conflict between what we intend and what we actually do. 41. Which of the following best fits the blank numbered “ 41 ”? A. we reward ourselves with a short break after finishing our homework on time B. we carefully make a long-term study plan and follow it without any hesitation C. we choose to watch one more episode even when we have an essay to complete D. we turn off our phones to avoid any potential distraction while studying for exams 42. What can be inferred from the ideas discussed in the passage? A. Long-term goals seldom change with emotion. B. Self-control comes mainly from talent, not planning. C. True values are reflected more in choices than in claims. D. Philosophers once thought knowledge guaranteed virtue. (C) Readers on social media are showing the beauty of reading in new ways through creative annotations (注解), called marginalia. These annotations can be detailed, sometimes covering whole pages and matching the book’s colors. The rise of this kind of note-taking has led to debate: is marginalia a bad habit or a helpful activity? Marginalia have a long history. Leonardo da Vinci once wrote notes about gravity in the margins of his notebooks long before Galileo published his famous work on the topic. Later, writers like Samuel Beckett and Edgar Allan Poe also filled their books with notes, which delighted and challenged their biographers (传记作者). Just last year Ann Patchett, a popular modern writer, told Literary Hub about the joys of reading her own books and annotating patterns she never before noticed. She created a unique edition of Tom Lake for dedicated readers, in which she included her own annotations on her own writing style. The Patchett-celebration worked: The special edition was sold at an auction (拍卖会) in 2020 to support independent bookstores, and it inspired the writer to add her own notes to her favorite book, Bel Canto. Alongside this evolution of margin additions, scientists have been researching the effects of writing, both on paper and on screen. For instance, a study of electrical activity in the brain published in Frontiers in Psychology found that handwriting itself helps a person remember and understand more about what they’ve read and written. Maryanne Wolf, director of the Center for Dyslexia, Diverse Learners and Social Justice at the University of California, Los Angeles, discussed the importance of annotating in 2022. In classic former-English-major fashion, she drew on Marcel Proust in explaining that deep reading allows us to “go beyond the wisdom of the author to discover our own.” In that sense, marginalia can help the annotator understand the material deeply enough to further develop their own interpretation of the text, she said. In the Journal of Language Learning and Teaching, foreign language professor Demet Yayli of Pamukkale University in Turkey explained that in writing workshops, especially for fiction writing, deep reading—which includes annotations—is critical in helping students express their ideas and learn independently. As writer and editor Caitlin Welsh pointed out in an article covering the recent trend, the kids like annotating. Annotation styles online seem to differ widely from the annotations expected in academia. As long as annotating serves the reader a purpose, any style is fine, experts say. Highlighting every piece of dialogue from your favorite character may seem unreasonable to an outsider, but that might help someone understand why they like that character or how the writer developed the character’s story. 43. According to the passage, what do Leonardo da Vinci, Samuel Beckett, and Edgar Allan Poe have in common? A. They were all mentioned in other writers’ books. B. They were all studied closely by later biographers. C. They all filled their own works with their reflections. D. They all touched on scientific discoveries in their works. 44. What did Patchett add to her Tom Lake? A. Comments about the writing style of Bel Canto. B. New characters to make the story more detailed. C. Personal notes explaining how she crafted the book. D. A guide to help dedicated readers understand the plot. 45. What can be inferred from the research findings mentioned in paragraph 5? A. A distinct area of the brain is involved in handwriting. B. Annotation is not the only way to develop critical thinking. C. Readers rely on annotation to speed up their reading process. D. Reading and writing are closely connected in the process of learning. 46. What does the writer imply about online annotation? A. It follows the same rules used in academic notes. B. It helps readers connect with books in personal ways. C. It stops kids from building their own ideas while reading. D. It is mainly used to show off rather than to understand a book. Section C A. Nevertheless, this comes at a cost. B. Compliments help to strengthen bonds, creating trust and belonging. C. While some hesitate to give compliments, others express it openly and with complete ease. D. Science provides a clear explanation. E. Some feel shy about expressing warmth; others fear being misunderstood or sounding insincere. F. This reaction makes both the giver and receiver feel more relaxed, satisfied, and connected. Why You Need to Give More Compliments In a world where everyone seems busy chasing goals and managing endless tasks, genuine human warmth often feels rare. Yet, psychologist Dr Lalitaa Suglani reminds us that a few kind words can make a surprisingly deep difference. Giving compliments, she explains, is more than good manners — it is a simple act with real psychological and social benefits. Most people understand how pleasant it feels to receive praise, but fewer realise that offering it can be equally uplifting. Studies have shown that giving compliments activates the brain’s reward centres, releasing dopamine — the same chemical that boosts happiness after exercise or laughter. 47 “When we compliment others,” says Dr Lalitaa, “we also build our own sense of value and confidence. We start to see ourselves as someone who adds light to others’ lives.” There is also a social dimension. 48 They encourage people to look beyond their own concerns and notice positive qualities in others. Such moments of appreciation can ease tension, open conversation, and even repair relationships. In this sense, complimenting others is not simply about kindness; it is a practical way to improve communication and, in turn, emotional health in any community. 49 The act of giving praise releases oxytocin, often called the “love hormone.” This chemical supports feelings of safety and connection, much like a hug or friendly smile. Each time we express admiration, our brain rewards us for engaging in positive social behaviour, encouraging us to repeat it. Still, many people find compliments awkward. 50 According to Dr Lalitaa, such hesitation comes from vulnerability — the fear of being judged or rejected. Yet, she adds, “If we push through that discomfort, we discover how powerful our words can be.” Learning to give sincere compliments is, in fact, a skill. It begins with paying attention, noticing effort, and speaking with honesty. When practiced often, it can lift moods, deepen trust, and make everyday life a little brighter for everyone involved. IV．Summary Writing The Rise of Artificial Intelligence and the Decline of Truth Spreading convincing misinformation once required great effort, but today a smartphone and generative AI can create fake photos, cloned voices, and videos that misrepresent events. While warnings about social media’s power to mislead are not new, AI has intensified the danger by making false content easier to produce and harder to detect. As a result, people now question whether what they see and hear is real, with genuine recordings dismissed as fake and fabricated ones appearing convincingly true. Fake content made by AI is already common. Many fake images show clear signs of AI generation, such as strange body shapes or unnatural faces, but these clues are easy to overlook. As the technology improves, such imperfections will become harder to spot. With so much fake content spreading, some people now use the existence of AI as an excuse to doubt even genuine information. The effects of this technology can be very serious. For example, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission has warned that cheaters can now copy a person’s voice to pretend to be a family member and trick people into sending money. In schools, some teens have already been caught creating and sharing fake images of classmates using AI tools. Despite these harmful uses, the technology is also being packaged as a consumer product. For instance, some smartphones now have advanced editing tools that can change faces in photos or even remove people completely. Not everyone thinks public access to AI will make misinformation worse. Some say there has always been more online content than people can handle. Yet this perspective is hardly comforting. Trust in institutions and experts is already at historic lows. As Hany Farid, a specialist in investigating digital evidence, observes: “If you don’t trust me and I don’t trust you, how do we respond to climate change, or have fair and open elections?” V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1. 正如预期的那样，艺术节引起了游客对民俗文化的兴趣。(generate) 2. 你是否意识到这个地区的每一个部落都有自己不成文的规则？ (aware) 3. 这家重点实验室将与当地职业学校签订合作协议，为学生提供不一般的互动体验。 (sign) 4. 这部电视连续剧的剧情围绕某一虚拟的华南城市展开，在剧中汽车工业一直是该城市的骄傲。(where) VI. Guided writing 自网购流行以来，餐饮成了大家外出逛街的主要原因，但很少有餐饮店经久不衰，总是从一开始的门庭若市到后来的门庭冷落，甚至面临关闭或取代。请： 1. 简单描述“关店潮”现象 2. 具体分析其背后的原因并提出建议。 第2页 共9页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 答案 + 详细解析 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 语法填空（Hoverflies） 答案：1. by 2. more interesting 3. When/As 4. how 5. were caught 6. to produce 7. continue 8. where 9. helping 10. ignored 解析： 1. by：考查介词，by doing sth. 表示 “通过某种方式”，此处指食蚜蝇通过在花朵间传递花粉帮助植物生长。 2. more interesting：考查形容词比较级，even 后接比较级，interesting 的比较级为 more interesting，指 “更有趣的是”。 3. When/As：考查连词，引导时间状语从句，指 “当它们飞这么远时”，When/As 均可。 4. how：考查宾语从句引导词，how far 表示 “多远”，指研究人员想弄清其影响能达到多远。 5. were caught：考查时态和语态，主语 112 hoverflies 和 catch 是被动关系，时间 2021-2023 为过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态。 6. to produce：考查非谓语，不定式作目的状语，指种植作物的目的是生产蔬菜水果等。 7. continue：考查情态动词，might 为情态动词，后接动词原形。 8. where：考查定语从句，先行词为 places，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用 where。 9. helping：考查非谓语，现在分词作伴随状语，hoverflies 和 help 是主动关系，指食蚜蝇连接偏远地区的同时帮助植物繁殖。 10. ignored：考查非谓语，过去分词作状语，hoverflies 和 ignore 是被动关系，指 “尽管经常被忽视”。 Section B 选词填空（Would you upload your mind into a computer?） 答案：11. K 12. G 13. A 14. C 15. F 16. B 17. E 18. I 19. D 20. H 解析：先明确单词含义：A. incredible（难以置信的）B. interruption（中断）C. mapped（绘制；描绘）D. optimistic（乐观的）E. presented（呈现；出现）F. process（过程）G. recreated（重建；再造）H. seeking（寻求）I. slicing（切割）J. systematically（系统地）K. theoretically（理论上） 11. K：从后文 “没有技术能复制整个大脑” 可知，此处指 “理论上” 有仪器能收集神经元信息。 12. G：指神经元网络能在电脑或人造身体中被 “重建”。 13. A：后文说无技术实现，故这种想法听起来 “难以置信”。 14. C：map all the neurons 表示 “绘制所有神经元的分布图”，符合科学家对小鼠大脑的研究行为。 15. F：指上文绘制神经元的 “过程” 花了五个月。 16. B：without interruption 表示 “不间断地”，指显微镜需要连续工作数千年。 17. E：present itself 表示 “出现”，指另一个重大挑战出现了。 18. I：slice up 表示 “切割”，指当前大脑扫描方法需要切割大脑，by 后接动名词。 19. D：optimistic predictions 表示 “乐观的预测”，指最极端的乐观预测认为几十年内可实现意识上传。 20. H：seek to do sth. 表示 “寻求做某事”，此处用过去进行时 was seeking，指该公司宣布寻求在人去世时保存大脑。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A 完形填空（Digital dependency） 答案：21.B 22.C 23.D 24.B 25.A 26.A 27.D 28.A 29.D 30.B 31.C 32.A 33.C 34.B 35.D 解析： 21. transformative（变革性的）：前文说后果 “令人担忧”，and 连接反义 / 近义并列，此处指也有 “变革性的” 影响，其余 A（遗憾的）、C（心碎的）、D（无关的）均不符。 22. expected（接待；迎接）：后文说现在越来越多老年人来，故此前医生主要 “接待” 父母和青少年，greet 和 expected 同义替换。 23. drawn（吸引）：be drawn to 表示 “被…… 吸引”，指老年人被手机拼图、线上聊天吸引，而非暴力游戏。 24. cases（案例）：指这些老年患者的 “案例” 反映出科技深入老年人的日常生活。 25. loyal to（忠于；习惯于）：指几十年里老年人一直 “习惯于” 看电视这种低要求的媒介。 26. multiplying（倍增；增加）：后文说老年人每天看 5 小时电视，还额外花几小时上网，故习惯是 “增加” 而非单纯改变。 27. day（一天）：前文说 “曾经填满一个晚上”，现在扩展到填满 “一整天”，形成对比。 28. teenagers（青少年）：文章开头说数字依赖曾被视为青少年的 “诅咒”，故研究人员现在对老年人发出了曾经留给 “青少年” 的警告。 29. addiction（上瘾）：phone addiction 表示 “手机上瘾”，指韩国六成以上的人有手机上瘾迹象，与 excessive use 对应。 30. direction（方向）：后文 “是屏幕导致孤独，还是孤独让人沉迷屏幕？” 指因果的 “方向” 尚未确定。 31. discouraging（令人沮丧的）：前文讲数字依赖的坏处，后文讲好处，故指情况并非完全 “令人沮丧”。 32. abandoned（放弃的）：指线上课程取代了早已被 “放弃的” 长途出行。 33. engagement（参与）：digital engagement 表示 “数字参与”，指适度使用数码产品有助于维持认知功能。 34. re-construction（重建）：指数字 “重建” 了她童年的街道，让她唤醒记忆。 35. screens（屏幕）：全文围绕老年人使用电子屏幕展开，指确保 “屏幕” 提升而非禁锢老年人的晚年生活。 Section B 阅读理解 (A) Measles 答案：64.A 65.C 66.D 67.C 解析：64. 细节题。第二段首句 “The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend.” 表明少量麻疹病例可能引发危险趋势，对应 A；B（麻疹爆发引起公众关注）文中未提；C（反疫苗运动有医学原因）错误，文中说反疫苗运动的风险是 “real but very small”，并非医学正当理由；D（麻疹信息传播快）错误，文中是 “misinformation that is spreading quickly”（虚假信息传播快）。65. 细节题。第三段首句 “But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in.” 表明群体免疫需要几乎所有人参与，C（整个社区参与）是同义替换；A（允许豁免）、B（联合使用多种疫苗）、D（州法新增规定）均与群体免疫生效条件无关。66. 细节题。第一段 “But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation” 和第四段 “When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down” 均表明麻疹卷土重来的主因是人们拒绝接种疫苗，对应 D；A（疫苗过度使用）、B（医疗缺乏）、C（麻疹本身的特征）均未提及。67. 词义猜测题。第六段 “which are supposed to be required for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption” 说明疫苗本是强制的，17 个州允许父母获得 “豁免”，即不用接种疫苗，C（被免除接种疫苗）符合；A（免于患麻疹）、B（效仿）、D（形成免疫系统）均不符。 (B) Why Do We Do Things That Are Bad for Us? 答案：40.D 41.C 42.C 解析：40. 细节题。文中定义 “akrasia—a failure of self-control in the face of temptation” 和 “Psychologists describe akrasia as a conflict between our intentions and our actions.” 表明 akrasia 指 “意图和实际行为的冲突”，对应 D；A（道德选择前的犹豫）、B（情绪压力导致的突然改变）、C（丧失辨别是非的能力）均片面。41. 推理题。前文说 hyperbolic discounting（双曲贴现）指人们高估短期回报、低估长期回报，故空格处需举 “选择短期快乐放弃长期目标” 的例子，C（有论文要写却选择再看一集剧）符合；A（按时完成作业后休息）、B（坚持长期学习计划）、D（学习时关手机）均是自律行为，与前文理论相反。42. 推理题。文中 “Economists go further: revealed-preference theory suggests that behavior itself—what we actually do—reveals our true values more clearly than our words.” 表明真正的价值观体现在选择（行为）而非言语（声称）中，对应 C；A（长期目标很少随情绪改变）文中未提；B（自制力主要来自天赋而非计划）错误，文中说设定具体计划、调整环境能提升自制力；D（哲学家曾认为知识保证美德）错误，文中是苏格拉底 “argued that truly knowing the good would make wrongdoing impossible”，并非所有哲学家。 (C) Marginalia 答案：43.C 44.C 45.D 46.B 解析：43. 细节题。第二段 “Leonardo da Vinci once wrote notes about gravity in the margins... writers like Samuel Beckett and Edgar Allan Poe also filled their books with notes” 表明三人的共同点是都在自己的作品中写下思考 / 笔记，对应 C；A（被其他作家提及）、B（被传记作者深入研究）只是贝克特和爱伦坡的细节，并非三人共性；D（作品涉及科学发现）只有达芬奇。44. 细节题。第三段 “she included her own annotations on her own writing style” 表明 Patchett 在《Tom Lake》中加入了对自己写作风格的注解，即解释自己如何创作这本书的个人笔记，对应 C；A（对《Bel Canto》写作风格的评论）错误，她是给《Bel Canto》加笔记，而非在《Tom Lake》中评论它；B（新增角色）、D（剧情指南）文中未提。45. 推理题。第五段研究发现 “handwriting itself helps a person remember and understand more about what they’ve read and written” 和 “deep reading—which includes annotations—is critical in helping students express their ideas” 表明阅读和写作在学习过程中紧密相连，注解（写）能促进阅读理解，对应 D；A（大脑某一特定区域参与书写）文中未提；B（注解不是培养批判性思维的唯一方式）非研究重点；C（读者依靠注解加快阅读速度）错误，注解是加深理解，而非提速。46. 推理题。最后一段 “As long as annotating serves the reader a purpose, any style is fine... that might help someone understand why they like that character” 表明网络注解风格自由，能帮助读者以个性化的方式与书籍建立联系，对应 B；A（遵循学术笔记规则）错误，文中说 “Annotation styles online seem to differ widely from the annotations expected in academia”；C（阻止孩子建立自己的想法）错误，注解能帮助孩子独立思考；D（主要用于炫耀而非理解书籍）文中未提。 Section C 七选五（Why You Need to Give More Compliments） 答案：47.F 48.B 49.D 50.E 解析：先明确选项含义：A. 然而，这是有代价的。B. 赞美有助于加强联系，建立信任和归属感。C. 有些人不愿赞美，有些人则坦然表达。D. 科学给出了明确的解释。E. 有些人羞于表达温暖；有些人担心被误解或听起来不真诚。F. 这种反应让赞美者和被赞美者都感到更放松、满足和亲密。47. F：前文说给予赞美会激活大脑奖励中枢、释放多巴胺，F 承接上文，说明这种生理反应带来的心理感受，衔接自然。48. B：前文提 “social dimension（社会层面）”，B 讲赞美在社交上的作用（加强联系、建立信任），是对社会层面的具体解释。49. D：后文说给予赞美会释放催产素，是从科学角度解释赞美的作用，D（科学给出明确解释）起到总起句作用。50. E：前文说 “many people find compliments awkward（很多人觉得赞美很尴尬）”，E 解释尴尬的原因（羞于表达、担心被误解），衔接后文的 “such hesitation”。 IV. Summary Writing 概要写作（参考范文） Generative AI has made creating and spreading misinformation much easier and harder to detect, leading people to doubt the truth of all information they see and hear. Fake AI content is now common, and its flaws will be less obvious as technology advances, with some even using AI as an excuse to question genuine information. This technology has caused serious harms like fraud and cyberbullying, and it is also being made into consumer products. Though some argue public access to AI won’t worsen misinformation, the low trust in institutions makes the situation worrying, as it may hinder solutions to global issues and fair elections. 写作要点： 1. 生成式 AI 让虚假信息的制作和传播更易，且难以识别，导致人们质疑信息真实性； 2. AI 虚假内容普遍，技术进步会让其漏洞更隐蔽，有人借 AI 质疑真实信息； 3. AI 虚假内容带来欺诈、校园恶意传播等危害，还被制成消费产品； 4. 有人认为公共使用 AI 不会加剧问题，但机构信任度低让情况堪忧，或影响全球问题解和选举 V. Translation 翻译（参考译文） 1. As expected, the art festival has generated tourists' interest in folk culture.解析：正如预期的那样→As expected（固定表达）；引起…… 兴趣→generate one's interest in；民俗文化→folk culture。 2. Are you aware that every tribe in this area has its own unwritten rules?解析：意识到→be aware that（后接宾语从句）；部落→tribe；不成文的规则→unwritten rules。 3. This key laboratory will sign a cooperation agreement with local vocational schools to provide students with extraordinary interactive experiences.解析：重点实验室→key laboratory；签订合作协议→sign a cooperation agreement；职业学校→vocational schools；为…… 提供→provide sb. with sth.；不一般的→extraordinary；互动体验→interactive experiences。 4. The plot of this TV series centers on a virtual city in South China, where the automobile industry has always been the pride of the city.解析：电视连续剧→TV series；剧情→plot；围绕…… 展开→center on；虚拟的→virtual；华南→South China；定语从句用 where 引导（先行词为 city，在从句中作地点状语）；汽车工业→automobile industry；骄傲→pride 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $